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1. Storms and convection on Uranus and Neptune: impact of methane abundance revealed by a 3D cloud-resolving model

Author

Clément, Noé, Leconte, Jérémy, Spiga, Aymeric, Guerlet, Sandrine, Selsis, Franck, Milcareck, Gwenaël, Teinturier, Lucas, Cavalié, Thibault, Moreno, Raphaël, Lellouch, Emmanuel, and Carrión-González, Óscar

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Uranus and Neptune have atmospheres dominated by molecular hydrogen and helium. In the upper troposphere, methane is the third main molecule and condenses, yielding a vertical gradient in CH4. This condensable species being heavier than H2 and He, the resulting change in mean molecular weight due to condensation comes as a factor countering dry and moist convection. As observations also show latitudinal variations in methane abundance, one can expect different vertical gradients from one latitude to another. In this paper, we investigate the impact of this methane vertical gradient on the atmospheric regimes, especially on the formation and inhibition of moist convective storms in the troposphere of ice giants. We develop a 3D cloud-resolving model to simulate convective processes. Using our simulations, we conclude that typical velocities of dry convection in the deep atmosphere are rather low (of the order of 1 m/s) but sufficient to sustain upward methane transport, and that moist convection at methane condensation level is strongly inhibited. Previous studies derived an analytical criterion on the methane vapor amount above which moist convection should be inhibited. We first validate this analytical criterion numerically. We then show that the critical methane abundance governs the inhibition and formation of moist convective storms, and we conclude that the intensity and intermittency of these storms should depend on the methane abundance and saturation. In ice giants, dry convection is weak, and moist convection is strongly inhibited. However, when enough methane is transported upwards, through dry convection and turbulent diffusion, sporadic moist convective storms can form. These storms should be more frequent on Neptune than on Uranus, because of Neptune's internal heat flow. Our results can explain the observed sporadicity of clouds in ice giants.

Published
2024
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2. Evidence for auroral influence on Jupiter's nitrogen and oxygen chemistry revealed by ALMA

Author

Cavalié, Thibault, Rezac, Ladislav, Moreno, Raphael, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Fouchet, Thierry, Benmahi, Bilal, Greathouse, Thomas K., Sinclair, James A., Hue, Vincent, Hartogh, Paul, Dobrijevic, Michel, Carrasco, Nathalie, and Perrin, Zoé

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The localized delivery of new long-lived species to Jupiter's stratosphere by comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 in 1994 opened a window to constrain Jovian chemistry and dynamics by monitoring the evolution of their vertical and horizontal distributions. However, the spatial distributions of CO and HCN, two of these long-lived species, had never been jointly observed at high latitudinal resolution. Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array observations of HCN and CO in March 2017 show that CO was meridionally uniform and restricted to pressures lower than 3 $\pm$ 1 mbar. HCN shared a similar vertical distribution in the low- to mid-latitudes, but was depleted at pressures between 2$^{+2}_ {-1}$ and 0.04$^{+0.07}_{-0.03}$ mbar in the aurora and surrounding regions, resulting in a drop by two orders of magnitude in column density. We propose that heterogeneous chemistry bonds HCN on large aurora-produced aerosols at these pressures in the Jovian auroral regions causing the observed depletion., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2024
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3. AtLAST Science Overview Report

Author

Booth, Mark, Klaassen, Pamela, Cicone, Claudia, Mroczkowski, Tony, Cordiner, Martin A., Di Mascolo, Luca, Johnstone, Doug, van Kampen, Eelco, Lee, Minju M., Liu, Daizhong, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Saintonge, Amélie, Smith, Matthew W. L., Thelen, Alexander, Wedemeyer, Sven, Akiyama, Kazunori, Andreon, Stefano, Arzoumanian, Doris, Bakx, Tom J. L. C., Bot, Caroline, Bower, Geoffrey, Brajša, Roman, Chen, Chian-Chou, da Cunha, Elisabete, Eden, David, Ettori, Stefano, Gaches, Brandt, Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia, Luppe, Patricia, Magnelli, Benjamin, Marshall, Jonathan P., Montenegro-Montes, Francisco Miguel, Niemack, Michael, Nixon, Conor, de Pater, Imke, Perrott, Yvette, Raimundo, Sandra I., Redaelli, Elena, Richards, Anita, Rybak, Matus, Šarčević, Nikolina, Semenov, Dmitry, Spezzano, Silvia, Srinivasan, Sundar, Stanke, Thomas, Andreani, Paola, Beltrán, Maria T., Butler, Bryan J., Cantalupo, Sebastiano, Dagostino, Miguel Chavez, Duarte-Cabral, Ana, Emonts, Bjorn, Fletcher, Leigh, Gary, Dale E., Gunar, Stanislav, Hacar, Alvaro, Hagedorn, Bendix, Kaminski, Tomek, Kirton, Fiona, de Kleer, Katherine, Kontar, Eduard, Kuan, Yi-Jehng, Lightfoot, John, Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique, Lundgren, Andreas, Milam, Stefanie N., Mohan, Atul, Moreno, Raphael, Motorina, Galina G., Moullet, Arielle, Pattle, Kate, Pellizzoni, Alberto, Peretto, Nicolas, Ramasawmy, Joanna, Ricci, Claudio, Rigby, Andrew J., Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro, Saberi, Maryam, Shimojo, Masumi, Simionescu, Aurora, Thompson, Mark, Traficante, Alessio, Vignali, Cristian, and White, Stephen M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths provide a unique view of the Universe, from the gas and dust that fills and surrounds galaxies to the chromosphere of our own Sun. Current single-dish facilities have presented a tantalising view of the brightest (sub-)mm sources, and interferometers have provided the exquisite resolution necessary to analyse the details in small fields, but there are still many open questions that cannot be answered with current facilities. In this report we summarise the science that is guiding the design of the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). We demonstrate how tranformational advances in topics including star formation in high redshift galaxies, the diffuse circumgalactic medium, Galactic ecology, cometary compositions and solar flares motivate the need for a 50m, single-dish telescope with a 1-2 degree field of view and a new generation of highly multiplexed continuum and spectral cameras. AtLAST will have the resolution to drastically lower the confusion limit compared to current single-dish facilities, whilst also being able to rapidly map large areas of the sky and detect extended, diffuse structures. Its high sensitivity and large field of view will open up the field of submillimeter transient science by increasing the probability of serendipitous detections. Finally, the science cases listed here motivate the need for a highly flexible operations model capable of short observations of individual targets, large surveys, monitoring programmes, target of opportunity observations and coordinated observations with other observatories. AtLAST aims to be a sustainable, upgradeable, multipurpose facility that will deliver orders of magnitude increases in sensitivity and mapping speeds over current and planned submillimeter observatories., Comment: 47 pages, 12 figures. For further details on AtLAST see https://atlast.uio.no

Published
2024

4. Insights on the Formation Conditions of Uranus and Neptune from their Deep Elemental Compositions

Author

Mousis, Olivier, Schneeberger, Antoine, Cavalié, Thibault, Mandt, Kathleen E., Aguichine, Artyom, Lunine, Jonathan I., Couzinou, Tom Benest, Hue, Vincent, and Moreno, Raphaël

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This study, placed in the context of the preparation for the Uranus Orbiter Probe mission, aims to predict the bulk volatile compositions of Uranus and Neptune. Using a protoplanetary disk model, it examines the evolution of trace species through vapor and solid transport as dust and pebbles. Due to the high carbon abundance found in their envelopes, the two planets are postulated to have formed at the carbon monoxide iceline within the protosolar nebula. The time evolution of the abundances of the major volatile species at the location of the CO iceline is then calculated to derive the abundance ratios of the corresponding key elements, including the heavy noble gases, in the feeding zones of Uranus and Neptune. Supersolar metallicity in their envelopes likely results from accreting solids in these zones. Two types of solids are considered: pure condensates (Case 1) and a mixture of pure condensates and clathrates (Case 2). The model, calibrated to observed carbon enrichments, predicts deep compositions. In Case 1, argon is deeply depleted, while nitrogen, oxygen, krypton, phosphorus, sulfur, and xenon are significantly enriched relative to their protosolar abundances in the two planets. Case 2 predicts significant enrichments for all species, including argon, relative to their protosolar abundances. Consequently, Case 1 predicts near-zero Ar/Kr or Ar/Xe ratios, while Case 2 suggests these ratios are 0.1 and 0.5-1 times their protosolar ratios. Both cases predict a bulk sulfur-to-nitrogen ratio consistent with atmospheric measurements., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal

Published
2024

5. Observations of Titan's Stratosphere During Northern Summer: Temperatures, CH3CN and CH3D Abundances

Author

Thelen, Alexander E., Nixon, Conor A., Cordiner, Martin A., Lellouch, Emmanuel, Vinatier, Sandrine, Teanby, Nicholas A., Butler, Bryan, Charnley, Steven B., Cosentino, Richard G., de Kleer, Katherine, Irwin, Patrick G. J., Gurwell, Mark A., Kisiel, Zbigniew, and Moreno, Raphael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Titan's atmospheric composition and dynamical state have previously been studied over numerous epochs by both ground- and space-based facilities. However, stratospheric measurements remain sparse during Titan's northern summer and fall. The lack of seasonal symmetry in observations of Titan's temperature field and chemical abundances raises questions about the nature of the middle atmosphere's meridional circulation and evolution over Titan's 29-yr seasonal cycle that can only be answered through long-term monitoring campaigns. Here, we present maps of Titan's stratospheric temperature, acetonitrile (or methyl cyanide; CH$_3$CN), and monodeuterated methane (CH$_3$D) abundances following Titan's northern summer solstice obtained with Band 9 ($\sim0.43$ mm) ALMA observations. We find that increasing temperatures towards high-southern latitudes, currently in winter, resemble those observed during Titan's northern winter by the Cassini mission. Acetonitrile abundances have changed significantly since previous (sub)millimeter observations, and we find that the species is now highly concentrated at high-southern latitudes. The stratospheric CH$_3$D content is found to range between 4-8 ppm in these observations, and we infer the CH$_4$ abundance to vary between $\sim0.9-1.6\%$ through conversion with previously measured D/H values. A global value of CH$_4=1.15\%$ was retrieved, lending further evidence to the temporal and spatial variability of Titan's stratospheric methane when compared with previous measurements. Additional observations are required to determine the cause and magnitude of stratospheric enhancements in methane during these poorly understood seasons on Titan., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal. 9 Figures, 1 table

Published
2024

6. Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Planetary and Cometary Atmospheres

Author

Cordiner, Martin A., Thelen, Alexander E., Cavalié, Thibault, Cosentino, Richard, Fletcher, Leigh N., Gurwell, Mark, de Kleer, Katherine, Kuan, Yi-Jehng, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Moullet, Arielle, Nixon, Conor, de Pater, Imke, Teanby, Nicholas A., Butler, Bryan, Charnley, Steven, Moreno, Raphael, Booth, Mark, Klaassen, Pamela, Cicone, Claudia, Mroczkowski, Tony, Di Mascolo, Luca, Johnstone, Doug, van Kampen, Eelco, Lee, Minju M., Liu, Daizhong, Maccarone, Thomas J., Saintonge, Amélie, Smith, Matthew, and Wedemeyer, Sven

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The study of planets and small bodies within our Solar System is fundamental for understanding the formation and evolution the Earth and other planets. Compositional and meteorological studies of the giant planets provide a foundation for understanding the nature of the most commonly observed exoplanets, while spectroscopic observations of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets, moons, and comets provide insights into the past and present-day habitability of planetary environments, and the availability of the chemical ingredients for life. While prior and existing (sub)millimeter observations have led to major advances in these areas, progress is hindered by limitations in the dynamic range, spatial and temporal coverage, as well as sensitivity of existing telescopes and interferometers. Here, we summarize some of the key planetary science use cases that factor into the design of the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), a proposed 50-m class single dish facility: (1) to more fully characterize planetary wind fields and atmospheric thermal structures, (2) to measure the compositions of icy moon atmospheres and plumes, (3) to obtain detections of new, astrobiologically relevant gases and perform isotopic surveys of comets, and (4) to perform synergistic, temporally-resolved measurements in support of dedicated interplanetary space missions. The improved spatial coverage (several arcminutes), resolution ($\sim1.2''-12''$), bandwidth (several tens of GHz), dynamic range ($\sim10^5$) and sensitivity ($\sim1$ mK km s$^{-1}$) required by these science cases would enable new insights into the chemistry and physics of planetary environments, the origins of prebiotic molecules and the habitability of planetary systems in general., Comment: Submitted to Open Research Europe (AtLAST collection). 19 pages

Published
2024

7. A 3D picture of moist-convection inhibition in hydrogen-rich atmospheres: Implications for K2-18 b

Author

Leconte, Jérémy, Spiga, Aymeric, Clément, Noé, Guerlet, Sandrine, Selsis, Franck, Milcareck, Gwenaël, Cavalié, Thibault, Moreno, Raphaël, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Carrión-González, Óscar, Charnay, Benjamin, and Lefèvre, Maxence

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

While small, Neptune-like planets are among the most abundant exoplanets, our understanding of their atmospheric structure and dynamics remains sparse. In particular, many unknowns remain on the way moist convection works in these atmospheres where condensable species are heavier than the non-condensable background gas. While it has been predicted that moist convection could shut-down above some threshold abundance of these condensable species, this prediction is based on simple linear analysis and relies on strong assumptions on the saturation of the atmosphere. To investigate this issue, we develop a 3D cloud resolving model for H2 atmospheres with large amounts of condensable species and apply this model to a prototypical temperate Neptune-like planet -- K2-18b. Our model confirms the shut-down of moist convection and the onset of a stably stratified layer in the atmosphere, leading to much hotter deep atmospheres and interiors. Our 3D simulations further provide quantitative estimates of the turbulent mixing in this stable layer, which is a key driver of the cycling of condensables in the atmosphere. This allows us to build a very simple, yet realistic 1D model that captures the most salient features of the structure of Neptune-like atmospheres. Our qualitative findings on the behavior of moist convection in hydrogen atmospheres go beyond temperate planets and should also apply to the regions where iron and silicates condense in the deep interior of H2-dominated planets. Finally, we use our model to investigate the likelihood of a liquid ocean beneath a H2 dominated atmosphere on K2-18b. We find that the planet would need to have a very high albedo (>0.5-0.6) to sustain a liquid ocean. However, due to the spectral type of the star, the amount of aerosol scattering that would be needed to provide such a high albedo is inconsistent with the latest observational data., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2024
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8. Doppler wind measurements in Neptune's stratosphere with ALMA

Author

Carrión-González, Óscar, Moreno, Raphael, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Cavalié, Thibault, Guerlet, Sandrine, Milcareck, Gwenaël, Spiga, Aymeric, Clément, Noé, and Leconte, Jérémy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Neptune's tropospheric winds are among the most intense in the Solar System, but the dynamical mechanisms that produce them remain uncertain. Measuring wind speeds at different pressure levels may help understand the atmospheric dynamics of the planet. The goal of this work is to directly measure winds in Neptune's stratosphere with ALMA Doppler spectroscopy. We derived the Doppler lineshift maps of Neptune at the CO(3-2) and HCN(4-3) lines at 345.8 GHz ($\lambda$~0.87 mm) and 354.5 GHz (0.85 mm), respectively. For that, we used spectra obtained with ALMA in 2016 and recorded with a spatial resolution of ~0.37" on Neptune's 2.24" disk. After subtracting the planet solid rotation, we inferred the contribution of zonal winds to the measured Doppler lineshifts at the CO and HCN lines. We developed an MCMC-based retrieval methodology to constrain the latitudinal distribution of wind speeds. We find that CO(3-2) and HCN(4-3) lines probe the stratosphere of Neptune at pressures of $2^{+12}_{-1.8}$ mbar and $0.4^{+0.5}_{-0.3}$ mbar, respectively. The zonal winds at these altitudes are less intense than the tropospheric winds based on cloud tracking from Voyager observations. We find equatorial retrograde (westward) winds of $-180^{+70}_{-60}$ m/s for CO, and $-190^{+90}_{-70}$ m/s for HCN. Wind intensity decreases towards mid-latitudes, and wind speeds at 40$^\circ$S are $-90^{+50}_{-60}$ m/s for CO, and $-40^{+60}_{-80}$ m/s for HCN. Wind speeds become 0 m/s at about 50$^\circ$S, and we find that the circulation reverses to a prograde jet southwards of 60$^\circ$S. Overall, our direct stratospheric wind measurements match previous estimates from stellar occultation profiles and expectations based on thermal wind equilibrium. These are the first direct Doppler wind measurements performed on the Icy Giants, opening a new method to study and monitor their stratospheric dynamics., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters on 10/05/2023. 8 pages, 1 Table, 5 Figures

Published
2023
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9. Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

Author

Fletcher, Leigh N., Cavalié, Thibault, Grassi, Davide, Hueso, Ricardo, Lara, Luisa M., Kaspi, Yohai, Galanti, Eli, Greathouse, Thomas K., Molyneux, Philippa M., Galand, Marina, Vallat, Claire, Witasse, Olivier, Lorente, Rosario, Hartogh, Paul, Poulet, François, Langevin, Yves, Palumbo, Pasquale, Gladstone, G. Randall, Retherford, Kurt D., Dougherty, Michele K., Wahlund, Jan-Erik, Barabash, Stas, Iess, Luciano, Bruzzone, Lorenzo, Hussmann, Hauke, Gurvits, Leonid I., Santolik, Ondřej, Kolmasova, Ivana, Fischer, Georg, Müller-Wodarg, Ingo, Piccioni, Giuseppe, Fouchet, Thierry, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Sánchez-Lavega, Agustin, Irwin, Patrick G. J., Grodent, Denis, Altieri, Francesca, Mura, Alessandro, Drossart, Pierre, Kammer, Josh, Giles, Rohini, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Jones, Geraint, Smirnova, Maria, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Medvedev, Alexander S., Moreno, Raphael, Rezac, Ladislav, Coustenis, Athena, and Costa, Marc

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital tour tailored to maximise observing opportunities. We review the Jupiter science enabled by the JUICE mission, building on the legacy of discoveries from the Galileo, Cassini, and Juno missions, alongside ground- and space-based observatories. We focus on remote sensing of the climate, meteorology, and chemistry of the atmosphere and auroras from the cloud-forming weather layer, through the upper troposphere, into the stratosphere and ionosphere. The Jupiter orbital tour provides a wealth of opportunities for atmospheric and auroral science: global perspectives with its near-equatorial and inclined phases, sampling all phase angles from dayside to nightside, and investigating phenomena evolving on timescales from minutes to months. The remote sensing payload spans far-UV spectroscopy (50-210 nm), visible imaging (340-1080 nm), visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (0.49-5.56 $\mu$m), and sub-millimetre sounding (near 530-625\,GHz and 1067-1275\,GHz). This is coupled to radio, stellar, and solar occultation opportunities to explore the atmosphere at high vertical resolution; and radio and plasma wave measurements of electric discharges in the Jovian atmosphere and auroras. Cross-disciplinary scientific investigations enable JUICE to explore coupling processes in giant planet atmospheres, to show how the atmosphere is connected to (i) the deep circulation and composition of the hydrogen-dominated interior; and (ii) to the currents and charged particle environments of the external magnetosphere. JUICE will provide a comprehensive characterisation of the atmosphere and auroras of this archetypal giant planet., Comment: 83 pages, 24 figures, accepted to Space Science Reviews special issue on ESA's JUICE mission

Published
2023
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11. Ethyl alcohol and sugar in comet C/2014Q2 (Lovejoy)

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Moreno, Raphaël, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Lis, Dariusz C., Sandqvist, Aage, Boissier, Jérémie, Despois, Didier, and Milam, Stefanie N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The presence of numerous complex organic molecules (COMs; defined as those containing six or more atoms) around protostars shows that star formation is accompanied by an increase of molecular complexity. These COMs may be part of the material from which planetesimals and, ultimately, planets formed. Comets represent some of the oldest and most primitive material in the solar system, including ices, and are thus our best window into the volatile composition of the solar protoplanetary disk. Molecules identified to be present in cometary ices include water, simple hydrocarbons, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-bearing species, as well as a few COMs, such as ethylene glycol and glycine. We report the detection of 21 molecules in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), including the first identification of ethyl alcohol (ethanol, C2H5OH) and the simplest monosaccharide sugar glycolaldehyde (CH2OHCHO) in a comet. The abundances of ethanol and glycolaldehyde, respectively 5 and 0.8% relative to methanol (0.12 and 0.02% relative to water), are somewhat higher than the values measured in solar- type protostars. Overall, the high abundance of COMs in cometary ices supports the formation through grain-surface reactions in the solar system protoplanetary disk.

Published
2015

12. Next Generation Very Large Array Memo No. 6, Science Working Group 1: The Cradle of Life

Author

Isella, Andrea, Hull, Charles L. H., Moullet, Arielle, Galván-Madrid, Roberto, Johnstone, Doug, Ricci, Luca, Tobin, John, Testi, Leonardo, Beltran, Maite, Lazio, Joseph, Siemion, Andrew, Liu, Hauyu Baobab, Du, Fujun, Öberg, Karin I., Bergin, Ted, Caselli, Paola, Bourke, Tyler, Carilli, Chris, Perez, Laura, Butler, Bryan, de Pater, Imke, Qi, Chunhua, Hofstadter, Mark, Moreno, Raphael, Alexander, David, Williams, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Paul, Wyatt, Mark, Loinard, Laurent, Di Francesco, James, Wilner, David, Schilke, Peter, Ginsburg, Adam, Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro, Zhang, Qizhou, and Beuther, Henrik

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper discusses compelling science cases for a future long-baseline interferometer operating at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths, like the proposed Next Generation Vary Large Array (ngVLA). We report on the activities of the Cradle of Life science working group, which focused on the formation of low- and high-mass stars, the formation of planets and evolution of protoplanetary disks, the physical and compositional study of Solar System bodies, and the possible detection of radio signals from extraterrestrial civilizations. We propose 19 scientific projects based on the current specification of the ngVLA. Five of them are highlighted as possible Key Science Projects: (1) Resolving the density structure and dynamics of the youngest HII regions and high-mass protostellar jets, (2) Unveiling binary/multiple protostars at higher resolution, (3) Mapping planet formation regions in nearby disks on scales down to 1 AU, (4) Studying the formation of complex molecules, and (5) Deep atmospheric mapping of giant planets in the Solar System. For each of these projects, we discuss the scientific importance and feasibility. The results presented here should be considered as the beginning of a more in-depth analysis of the science enabled by such a facility, and are by no means complete or exhaustive., Comment: 51 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. For more information visit https://science.nrao.edu/futures/ngvla

Published
2015

13. Radiative-convective models of the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune: Heating sources and seasonal effects

Author

Milcareck, Gwenaël, primary, Guerlet, Sandrine, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Leconte, Jérémy, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Clément, Noé, additional, Fletcher, Leigh N., additional, Roman, Michael T., additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Moreno, Raphaël, additional, Cavalié, Thibault, additional, and Carrión-González, Óscar, additional

Published
2024
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14. A 3D picture of moist-convection inhibition in hydrogen-rich atmospheres: Implications for K2-18b

Author

Leconte, Jérémy, primary, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Clément, Noé, additional, Guerlet, Sandrine, additional, Selsis, Franck, additional, Milcareck, Gwenaël, additional, Cavalié, Thibault, additional, Moreno, Raphaël, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Carrion-Gonzalez, Oscar, additional, Charnay, Benjamin, additional, and Lefèvre, Maxence, additional

Published
2024
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15. Herschel/PACS spectroscopy of trace gases of the stratosphere of Titan

Author

Rengel, Miriam, Sagawa, Hideo, Hartogh, Paul, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Moreno, Raphael, Jarchow, Christopher, Courtin, Regis, Cernicharo, Jose, and Lara, Luisa

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Aims: We investigate the composition of Titan's stratosphere from new medium-resolution far-infrared observations performed with the full range of Herschel's Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) (51-220 $\mu$m at a resolution $\lambda$/$\Delta \lambda$ ranging from 950 to 5500 depending on wavelength and grating order). Methods: Using PACS, we obtained the spectral emission of several features of the Titan's stratosphere. We used a line-by-line radiative transfer code and the least-squares fitting technique to infer the abundances of the trace constituents. Results: Numerous spectral features attributable to CH$_4$, CO, HCN, and H$_2$O are present. From the flux density spectrum measured and by a detailed comparison with synthetic spectra, we constrain the stratospheric abundance of CH4, which is assumed to be constant with altitude, to be 1.29 $\pm$ 0.03%. Similarly, we constrain the abundance of CO to be 50 $\pm$ 2 ppm, and the HCN vertical distribution consistent with an increase from 40 ppb at $\sim$100 km to 4 ppm at $\sim$200 km, which is an altitude region where the HCN signatures are sensitive. Measurements of three H$_2$O rotational lines confirm the H$_2$O distribution profile recently obtained with Herschel. Furthermore, we determine the isotopic ratios $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C in CO and HCN to be 124 $\pm$ 58, and 66 $\pm$ 35, respectively. Comparisons between our results and the values derived with other instruments show that our results are consistent with the vertical distributions and isotopic ratios in previous studies, except for the HCN distribution obtained with Cassini/CIRS, which does not agree with the PACS lines at the 1-sigma confidence interval., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Appeared for publication in A&A Volume 561, January 201

Published
2014
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20. The 1995–2002 Long-Term Monitoring of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at Radio Wavelength

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Colom, Pierre, Crovisier, Jacques, Henry, Florence, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Winnberg, Anders, Johansson, Lars E. B., Gunnarsson, Marcus, Rickman, Hans, Rantakyrö, Fredrik, Davies, John K., Dent, William R. F., Paubert, Gabriel, Moreno, Raphaël, Wink, Jörn, Despois, Didier, Benford, Dominic J., Gardner, Matt, Lis, Dariusz C., Mehringer, David, Phillips, Thomas G., Rauer, Heike, Boehnhardt, H., editor, Combi, M., editor, Kidger, M. R., editor, and Schulz, R., editor

Published
2002
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25. Radio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Boissier, Jérémie, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Lecacheux, Alain, Moreno, Raphaël, Paubert, Gabriel, Lis, Dariusz C., Sumner, Matthew, Frisk, Urban, Hjalmarson, Åke, Olberg, Michael, Winnberg, Anders, Florén, Hans-Gustav, Sandqvist, Aage, and Kwok, Sun

Published
2007
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26. Pluto's atmosphere with ALMA: disk-resolved observations of CO and HCN, and first detection of HNC

Author

Lellouch, Emmanuel, Gurwell, Mark A., Moreno, Raphaël, Lavvas, Panayiotis, Butler, Bryan J., Strobel, Darell, Fouchet, Thierry, Moullet, Arielle, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Biver, Nicolas, and Henry, Florence

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Following our detection of HCN(4-3) and CO(3-2) in 2015 (Lellouch et al. 2017), we pursued our exploration of Pluto's atmosphere with ALMA. On July 30, 2017, we obtained maps of these CO and HCN emissions, with a 96 x 54 mas beam providing some spatial resolution of the Pluto disk in the North-South direction. On April 27, 2017, we explored portions of the 256.1-259.1 and 271.9-273.8 GHz spectrum, searching for HNC, CH3CN, and H13CN in disk-averaged observations. The highlight of this search was the detection of the HNC(3-2) line at 271.98 GHz, which appears as a narrow emission with a 15 mJy contrast. This first identification of HNC in Pluto's atmosphere reinforces the similarity to Titan's upper atmosphere, where HNC has been also observed (Moreno et al. 2011). Data interpretation in terms of (i) the spatial distribution of CO and HCN emissions (ii) the HNC abundance/vertical distribution, including comparison with photochemical models, will be presented.

Published
2018

27. Emission from Pluto and Charon at Long Wavelengths: Observations using ALMA, SMA, and VLA

Author

Butler, Bryan J., Gurwell, Mark A., Lellouch, Emmanuel, Moullet, Arielle, Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Boissier, Jérémie, Fouchet, Thierry, Lis, Darek C., Moreno, Raphaël, Stansberry, John A., Stern, S. A., Young, E. F., Young, Leslie A., Weaver, Harold A., and Henry, Florence

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

We report on the first Earth-based observations of thermal emission from the surfaces of Pluto and Charon where the two are resolved from each other. Observations at wavelengths from 0.8 mm to 0.9 cm with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), Submillimeter Array (SMA), and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) provide separate, high SNR flux densities for both bodies, which are converted into brightness temperatures. These observations have been presented separately previously [1-3] but here we combine them for the first time and extend the analysis. For Pluto, brightness temperatures range from 31--33 K, and for Charon from 42--45 K, over the full range of observed wavelengths. These brightness temperatures are significantly lower than observed surface temperatures for both bodies. While hinted at from unresolved observations of the pair, this is the first definitive observation showing both bodies have depressed brightness temperatures. These low brightness temperatures are likely due to a combination of low thermal inertia, and subsurface scattering, with a larger depression for Pluto than for Charon.[1] Butler et al. 2015, BAAS #47, id.210.04. [2] Gurwell et al. 2011, DPS/EPSC, p271. [3] Butler et al. 2011, DPS/EPSC, p. 1670.

Published
2017

28. CHEMISTRY OF COMETS

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Moreno, Raphaël, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Boissier, Jérémie, Lis, Darek C., Paubert, Gabriel, Milam, Stefanie N., Dello Russo, Neil, Vervack Jr., Ron J., Weaver, Harold A., Kawakita, Hideyo, Henry, Florence, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, and Koyama Astronomical Observatory, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

29. Isotopic Ratios in Nitriles from Submillimeter Spectroscopy Using SMA and ALMA

Author

Gurwell, Mark A., Moreno, Raphaël, Vinatier, Sandrine, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Butler, Bryan J., Moullet, Arielle, Lara, Luisa M., Hidayat, Taufiq, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

30. ALMA observations of Titan : Vertical and spatial distribution of HNC and C2H5CN

Author

Moreno, Raphaël, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Vinatier, Sandrine, Gurwell, Mark A., Moullet, Arielle, Hidayat, Taufiq, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

31. Poster 8: ALMA observations of Titan : Vertical and spatial distributions of nitriles

Author

Moreno, Raphaël, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Vinatier, Sandrine, Gurwell, Mark A., Moullet, Arielle, Lara, Luisa M., Hidayat, Taufiq, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

32. A molecular survey of comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) at radio wavelengths

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Moreno, Raphaël, Boissier, Jérémie, Lis, Darek C., Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Paubert, Gabriel, Milam, Stefanie N., Sandqvist, Aage, Hjalmarson, Åke, Lundin, Stefan, Karlsson, T., Battelino, M., Frisk, Urban, Murtagh, Donal, Nordh, H. Lennart, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

33. Detection of water vapour around dwarf planet (1)

Author

Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Küppers, Michael, O'Rourke, Laurence, Zakharov, Vladimir, Lee, S., Allmen, Paul Von, Carry, Benoît, Teyssier, David, Marston, Anthony, Müller, Thomas G., Crovisier, Jacques, Barucci, Maria Antonella, Moreno, Raphaël, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomie et systèmes dynamiques (ASD), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Groupe Astrométrie et Planétologie (GAP)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

34. Submillimeter spectroscopy of Venus's atmosphere with ALMA: CO, HDO and sulfur species

Author

Moullet, Arielle, Moreno, Raphaël, Encrenaz, Thérèse, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Fouchet, Thierry, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

35. IRAM-30m Molecular Submm Surveys of Two Very Different Comets: C/2011 L4 (PanSTARRS) and C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Debout, Vincent, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Moreno, Raphaël, Boissier, Jérémie, Paubert, Gabriel, Lis, Darek C., Hartogh, Paul, Dello Russo, Neil, Vervack, Ron, Jr., Weaver, Harold A., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Henry, Florence

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

36. The Submillimetre Wave Instrument on JUICE

Author

Hartogh, Paul, Barabash, Stas, Beaudin, Gérard, Börner, P., Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Boogaerts, W., Cavalié, T., Christensen, U. R., Dannenberg, A., Eriksson, Patrick, Fränz, M., Fouchet, Thierry, Frisk, Urban, Hocke, K., Janssen, Christof, Jarchow, Christopher, Kasai, Y., Kikuchi, K., Krieg, Jean-Michel, Krupp, Norbert, Kuroda, T., Lellouch, Emmanuel, Loose, A., Maestrini, Alain, Manabe, T., Medvedev, Alexander S., Mendrok, J., Miettinen, E. P., Moreno, Raphaël, Murk, A., Murtagh, Donal, Nishibori, T., Rengel, Miriam, Rezac, Ladislav, Sagawa, Hideo, Steinmetz, E., Thomas, B., Urban, J., Wicht, J., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

37. Ocean like Water in Jupiter-Family Comet 103P/Hartley 2

Author

Hartogh, Paul, Lis, Darek C., Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Biver, Nicolas, Küppers, Michael, Emprechtinger, Martin, Bergin, Edwin A., Crovisier, Jacques, Rengel, Miriam, Moreno, Raphaël, Szutowicz, Slawomira, Blake, Geoffrey A., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

38. Molecular Survey of Comet C/2009P1 (Garradd) at mm to Submm Wavelengths

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Lis, Darek C., Paubert, Gabriel, Swinyard, Bruce, Crovisier, Jacques, Moreno, Raphaël, Gicquel, Adeline, Colom, Pierre, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Hartogh, Paul, Boissier, Jérémie, Cordiner, Martin, Courtin, Régis, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Dello Russo, Neil, Kidger, Mark R., Küppers, Michael, Milam, Stefanie N., Rengel, Miriam, Szutowicz, Slawomira, Vervack, Ron, Jr., Weaver, Harold A., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

39. Comet C/2011 L4 (Panstarrs)

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Moreno, Raphaël, Crovisier, Jacques, Hartogh, Paul, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Kidger, Mark R., Küppers, Michael, Szutowicz, Slawomira, Lis, Darek C., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

40. Titan's Stratosphere: Isotopic Ratios in CO and HCN

Author

Gurwell, Mark A., Moreno, Raphaël, Moullet, Arielle, Butler, B., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

41. Looking at the key atmospheric gases in Titan with Herschel/PACS and APEX/SHFI

Author

Rengel, Miriam, Hartogh, Paul, Sagawa, Hideo, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Moreno, Raphaël, Jarchow, Christopher, Courtin, Régis, Cernicharo, José, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

42. Mapping of CO and HCN emission in Neptune's stratosphere

Author

Moullet, Arielle, Gurwell, Mark A., Hofstadter, Mark D., Lellouch, Emmanuel, Moreno, Raphaël, Butler, B., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

43. Plateau de Bure observations of the methanol in 103P/Hartley

Author

Boissier, Jérémie, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Biver, Nicolas, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Moreno, Raphaël, Groussin, Olivier, Jorda, Laurent, Lamy, Philippe, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

44. Observations of Mars with Herschel: First Results

Author

Hartogh, Paul, Jarchow, Christopher, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Medvedev, Alexander S., Rengel, Miriam, Swinyard, Bruce, Sidher, Sunil D., Lellouch, Emmanuel, Moreno, Raphaël, Blecka, M., Portyankina, Ganna, Sagawa, Hideo, Millour, Ehouarn, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

45. Ethyl alcohol and sugar in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Moreno, Raphaël, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Lis, Dariusz C., Sandqvist, Aage, Boissier, Jérémie, Despois, Didier, Milam, Stefanie N., Biver, Nicolas, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Moreno, Raphaël, Crovisier, Jacques, Colom, Pierre, Lis, Dariusz C., Sandqvist, Aage, Boissier, Jérémie, Despois, Didier, and Milam, Stefanie N.

Abstract

The presence of numerous complex organic molecules (COMs; defined as those containing six or more atoms) around protostars shows that star formation is accompanied by an increase of molecular complexity. These COMs may be part of the material from which planetesimals and, ultimately, planets formed. Comets represent some of the oldest and most primitive material in the solar system, including ices, and are thus our best window into the volatile composition of the solar protoplanetary disk. Molecules identified to be present in cometary ices include water, simple hydrocarbons, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-bearing species, as well as a few COMs, such as ethylene glycol and glycine. We report the detection of 21 molecules in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), including the first identification of ethyl alcohol (ethanol, C2H5OH) and the simplest monosaccharide sugar glycolaldehyde (CH2OHCHO) in a comet. The abundances of ethanol and glycolaldehyde, respectively 5 and 0.8% relative to methanol (0.12 and 0.02% relative to water), are somewhat higher than the values measured in solar-type protostars. Overall, the high abundance of COMs in cometary ices supports the formation through grain-surface reactions in the solar system protoplanetary disk.

Published
2015
Full Text
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46. Compositional Constraints on the Atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune from Herschel and Spitzer Spectroscopic Observations

Author

Orton, Glenn S., Moreno, Raphaël, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Fletcher, Leigh N., Hartogh, Paul, Jarchow, Christopher, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Line, M. R., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

47. Detection of Water Vapor in Comet 81P/Wild2 by Herschel

Author

de Val-Borro, Miguel, Hartogh, Paul, Crovisier, Jacques, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Biver, Nicolas, Lis, Darek C., Moreno, Raphaël, Jarchow, Christopher, Rengel, Miriam, Szutowicz, Slawomira, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

48. Wind Measurements In Venus' Upper Mesosphere With The IRAM-Plateau De Bure Interferometer

Author

Moullet, Arielle, Moreno, Raphaël, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Sagawa, Hideo, Gurwell, Mark A., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

49. Comet 10P/Tempel 2 Outgassing and Composition from Herschel and Ground-based Sub-millimeter Observations

Author

Biver, Nicolas, Szutowicz, Slawomira, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Crovisier, Jacques, Moreno, Raphaël, Hartogh, Paul, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Rengel, Miriam, Lis, Darek C., Kidger, Mark R., Küppers, Michael, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

50. Herschel/HIFI Observations of Titan : Observation of the H2O(110-101) 557 GHz Line and First Detection of HNC

Author

Moreno, Raphaël, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Hartogh, Paul, Lara, Luisa M., Courtin, Régis, Rengel, Miriam, Jarchow, Christopher, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Biver, Nicolas, Lis, Darek C., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

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