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Introduction: The social history of written culture reflects on habits and practices that, from reading and writing, allow us to appropriate texts to build the sense of interpretation communities. Hence, the library of an individual allows understanding their reading habits, their way of imagining nature, their relationship with political and religious power, and their relationship with society. Objective: Interpret Antonio Nariño's reading practices through the books of medicine in his library to approach the way he developed a presumably effective vaccine against smallpox. Materials and methods: A bibliographic description of the documents "Confiscation and seizure of property of Nariño" and "Papers, books and property of Sebastián López Ruiz held by Nariño" of the Nariño Archive of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia was made. Results: Of 39 books on medicine (seven treatises on surgery, 12 compendiums of practical exercise, 11 disease manuals, seven compendiums of medical topics and two books on childbirths) three books were treated with smallpox. Conclusion: The medical-scientific exercise of Antonio Nariño demonstrated his reading and writing practices, the representations of his skills and competences, and the recognition of his cultural and social forms and attitudes, which promoted a notion of public health. The study of the self-taught Nariño doctor allowed relating the techniques of scientific production -development of the vaccine- and the cultural materiality -state of art- from the medical texts of his library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that the gallbladder and the biliary tract are subject to multiple anatomical variants, detailed knowledge of embryology and its anatomical variants is essential for the recognition of the surgical field when the gallbladder is removed laparoscopically or by laparotomy, even when radiology procedures are performed. During a necropsy procedure, when performing the dissection of the bile duct is a rare anatomical variant of the bile duct, in this case the cystic duct joins at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts giving an appearance of trident. This rare anatomical variant in the formation of common bile duct is found during the exploration of the bile duct during a necropsy procedure, it is clear that the wrong ligation of a common hepatic duct can cause a great morbi-mortality in the postsurgical of biliary surgery. This rare anatomical variant not previously described is put in consideration to the scientific community. Anatomical variants of the biliary tract are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, causing serious bile duct injuries. Only the surgical skill of the surgeon and his open mind to the possibilities of abnormalities make the performance of cholecystectomy a safe procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases of anatomical variations of the thymus are presented with respect to the anatomical relations with the left brachiocephalic vein and found during the necropsy process. Less than 2 days after birth with Noonan Syndrome, when the left brachiocephalic vein was scanning behind the upper thymus horns, there were other adjacent lesions consisting of three supernumerary spleens and three hepatic veins. The second case was an 8-year-old infant with child malpractice who died from urinary sepsis due to obstructive uropathy, in which case the upper lobes of the thymus were fused and formed a ring through which the left brachiocephalic vein passed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This is a case report of a patient with Freeman-Sheldon syndrome admitted to the Pediatrics department of a secondary hospital l in Cali, Colombia in 2014. Report of case: Presentation of a clinical case and the sequence of medical events that took place during the patient's stay in the hospital. This is the first case report of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome in Cali. It is about an infant with multiple facial features of "whistling child" and congenital arthrogryposis, whose cause of admission to a second level medical institution was multiple infected skin lesions. Conclusion: This case illustrates the relevance of clinical monitoring of the patients from their admission to the hospital, together with the appropriate identification of signs and symptoms related and the evaluation of the broad health status and the risk-benefit analysis when deciding the treatment options provided for the patient's management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descriptive observational cross-sectional study to determine the AOP of the second molars (55, 65, 75, 85) and the first permanent molars (16, 26, 36 and 46) in 459 study models corresponding to six ethnic groups in Colombia, Embera indigenous of Alto Baudó (Chocó), Caucasoid mestizos of Cali (Valle del Cauca), African descent of Cali (Valle del Cauca), Misak indigenous of Silvia (Cauca), Nasa indigenous of Morales (Cauca), and indigenous of Leticia (Amazonas). There were no significant differences of AOP among the six ethnic groups except when compared to the Amazon Indians with African descent of Cali, Embera indigenous and Nasa indigenous. There was no sexual dimorphism except tooth 65 for all ethnic groups. There was bilateral symmetry except between teeth 16 and 26. The distance matrix showed that Caucasoid mestizos of Cali were grouped with microdont populations, Amazon indigenous, Embera indigenous, Misak indigenous and Nasa indigenous, and African descendants of Cali were grouped with mesodont populations. The Embera and Amazon indigenous had the highest values of OAP associated with the relative isolation and less mestizaje. Overall, there was no sexual dimorphism or bilateral asymmetry. This study coincides with the different theories about reducing the size of the teeth as evolutionary characteristic of hominids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the frequency and variability of eleven non-metric dental crown traits (winging, shovel-shape, double shovel shape, Carabelli trait, deflecting wrinkle, protostylid, groove pattern, cusp number, sixth and seventh cusps) in permanent (UI1/UI2/UM1/LM1) teeth, in order to understanding the ethnic influence and the biological distance of the sample in study. Materials and methods: In this descriptive and quantitative study, frequency and variability of twelve non-metric dental crown traits were analyzed, through the ASUDAS System, in dental casts from 84 African-Colombian children of both sexes (42 females and 42 males), in mixed-dentition from Puerto Tejada, Cauca (Colombia) inhabitants. Results: High frequencies of Carabelli trait in grade 5; and +5 y +6 groove patterns, suggests Western dental complex influence. High frequencies of protostylid (P point or foramen secum) and deflecting wrinkle that suggest Mongoloid influence from the miscegenation with regional indigenous groups were observed. Winging, shovel-shape, double shovel, cusp number and cusp 6 showed low frequencies. Bilateral symmetry and absence of sexual dimorphism were demonstrated (except winging, shovel-shape and protostylid). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details a cross-sectional, descriptive observational in vitro study of a pseudo-experimental nature that analyzes Electron Microscopy (SEM) by scanning the physical behavior of enamel and dentin calcium hydroxyapatite. The purpose is to describe the separation of these two mineralized dental tissues at the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) when the teeth are subjected to high temperatures. This study provides scientific evidence that may broaden the discussion on the use of separation of the dentin-enamel junction as a constant and repetitive reliable marker for forensic use (use in forensic sciences) that can contribute to the dental identification process and documentation in a legal medical autopsy, given a situation in which bodies or human remains have been burned, carbonizated or incinerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry of fourteen dental crown traits in the deciduous and permanent dentition of 60 dental models (35 women and 25 men) obtained from a native, indigenous group of Nasa school children of the Musse Ukue group in the municipality of Morales, Department of Cauca, Colombia. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study that characterizes dental morphology by means of the systems for temporary dentition from Dahlberg (winging), and ASUDAS (crowding, reduction of hypocone, metaconule and cusp 6), Hanihara (central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and cusp 7), Sciulli (double bit, layered fold protostylid, cusp pattern and cusp number) and Grine (Carabelli trait); and in permanent dentition from ASUDAS (Winging, crowding, central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and double shovel-shape, Carabelli trait, hypocone reduction, metaconule, cusp pattern, cusp number, layered fold protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7). Results: The most frequent dental crown features were the shovel-shaped form, grooved and fossa forms of the Carabelli trait, metaconule, cusp pattern Y6, layered fold, protostylid (point P) and cusp 6. Sexual dimorphism was not observed and there was bilateral symmetry in the expression of these features. Conclusions: The sample studied presented a great affinity with ethnic groups belonging to the Mongoloid Dental Complex due to the frequency (expression) and variability (gradation) of the tooth crown traits, upper incisors, the Carabelli trait, the protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7. The influence of the Caucasoide Dental Complex associated with ethno-historical processes cannot be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study evaluated six methods used in estimating the age of patients attending the Dental School at Universidad del Valle, evaluating dental development by using panoramic radiographs. Additionally, the study determined the sexual identity of the person and the bilateral symmetry of development, the maturity and the chronological eruption of permanent teeth. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and transversal study that evaluated which of the six methods (Logan & Kronfeld; Schour & Massler; Moorrees, Fanning & Hunt; Demirjian, Goldstein & Tanner; Ubelaker & Smith) for estimating the age of a patient through radiographic evaluation of dental development is the most correlated with the chronological age of the patient, so it can be used for forensic purposes. Results: The Moorrees, Fanning & Hunt and the Smith methods showed high correlation (0.7874 and 0.7808, respectively). The Logan & Kronfeld methods presented low correlation (0.6879). The sample studied did not show sexual dimorphism or bilateral asymmetry. Conclusions: All methods evaluated have a high correlation coefficient between the dental age and the radiographic age. However, the Moorrees, Fanning & Hunt, and Smith methods presented higher correlation coefficients between dental and chronological age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is determining the frequency and variability, sexual dimorph, bilateral asymmetry and correspondence between twelve non-metric dental traits and two metric dental traits on the first and second upper and lower premolars in dental casts from 110 subjects from a Colombian racially mixed population. In this descriptive and quantitative study, frequency and variability of twelve non-metric dental crown traits were observed, through the ASUDAS (mesial and distal accessory crest and tricuspid premolar), Higa et al. (mesial and distal interstitial tubercle), van Reenen et al. (hypostile, bucal furrow, transverse ridge, meso-lingual furrow and disto-lingual furrow; and Hillson (lingual cusp number and groove pattern). The frequency of the metric and non-metric dental traits demonstrates that the first premolars present a minor dimensions and simplified morphology (caninization); whereas the second premolars ones are many characterized and of major size (molarization). The frequency of the non-metric dental traits is ambiguous; they do not present sexual dimorphism and present bilateral symmetry, with the exception of the meso-lingual furrow. The correspondence between the first and second upper and lower premolars changes in every trait. The dental dimensions present bilateral symmetry and sexual dimorphism with the exception of the second lower premolars. The dendogram suggests that the sample consists in mixed population with Caucasoid characteristics, negroid influence and mongoloid conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe how diverse dental tissues (enamel, dentin and cement) and four dental materials (amalgam, composite, glass ionomer and zinc oxide modified cement) react after high temperature exposure. Dental tissue and dental materials can be used to identify human remains. Methods and materials: An experimental in vitro study was carried out to determine physical macroscopic and microscopic changes in dental tissues and four dental materials, using 199 extracted teeth after high temperature exposition. Fire exposure at diverse temperatures ranking (200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, 1000°C, 1200°C) were performed in dental materials and tissues to determine their physical stability. Results: Dental tissues and the four dental materials evaluated had high resistance to high temperatures without apparent variation in their physical structure. These features in both dental tissues and dental materials could be useful in forensic identification. However, small changes occurred after temperaure exposure such as dimensional expansion, presence of fissures, cracks, fractures and color change on dental tissues and dental materials. Conclusions: This study determines that hard dental tissues and dental materials were able to resist high temperatures without high physical variants that may facilitate forensic identification of human remains after fire exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontitis is an infectious disease that affects the support tissue of the teeth and it is associated with different systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Microbiological studies facilitate the detection of microorganisms from subgingival and cardiovascular samples. Objective: To describe the cultivable periodontal microbiota and the presence of microorganisms in heart valves from patients undergoing valve replacement surgery in a clinic in Cali. Materials and methods: We analyzed 30 subgingival and valvular tissue samples by means of twophase culture medium, supplemented blood agar and trypticase soy agar with antibiotics. Conventional PCR was performed on samples of valve tissue. Results: The periodontal pathogens isolated from periodontal pockets were: Fusobacterium nucleatum (50%), Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (40%), Campylobacter rectus (40%), Eikenella corrodens (36.7%), Gram negative enteric bacilli (36.7%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (33.3%), and Eubacterium spp. (33.3%). The pathogens isolated from the aortic valve were Propionibacterium acnes (12%), Gram negative enteric bacilli (8%), Bacteroides merdae (4%), and Clostridium bifermentans (4%), and from the mitral valve we isolated P. acnes and Clostridium beijerinckii. Conventional PCR did not return positive results for oral pathogens and bacterial DNA was detected only in two samples. Conclusions: Periodontal microbiota of patients undergoing surgery for heart valve replacement consisted of species of Gram-negative bacteria that have been associated with infections in extraoral tissues. However, there is no evidence of the presence of periodontal pathogens in valve tissue, because even though there were valve and subgingival samples positive for Gram-negative enteric bacilli, it is not possible to maintain they corresponded to the same phylogenetic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]