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In Hungary, public work-based municipal projects played a major role in handling welfare challenges, such that the rise of a precarious rural underclass posited following the postsocialist disembedding of marginalised rural societies from the economy. Given the conditions of an authoritative populist state, this paper explores, using examples of case studies located in disadvantaged rural municipalities, innovative agrarian public work projects, as expressions of the relative freedom of action of local welfare states. Following the critical thinking inspired by Polányi's theory (1944), it sheds light on these efforts, from countermovements to the neo-liberal disembedding of the economy from society including theories on food sovereignty movements. Thus, it reflects upon the degree to which these agricultural activities could be seen as part of a broader countermovement to the social disintegration of rural areas that emerged in the context of the transition to capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I will focus on the ways that agents of NGOs engaged with Roma and/or women's recognition struggles can be classified, and how these constructions make sense of the conditions forming the lives of Roma women and furthermore how Roma women's interests are positioned. Detacting the intersecting aspects of ethnic-, gender-, and class-based relations that constitute Roma women's position, I seek to identify which segments of the complex of relations different NGOs articulate as central. I aim to explore whether Roma women's NGOs can be seen as more reflexive of the intersectional complexity of Roma women's relations compared to Roma and women's organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to shed light on the shifting patterns of the intergenerational transfer of assets in family farms that experienced collectivization in Hungary. Although household-based production maintained its importance after collectivization, only some of the rural households could be considered as entrepreneurial and lead to extended reproduction. The traditional patterns of handing over the farm were abruptly halted, with the immaterial forms of transferring capital subsequently gaining in importance. In addition, considerations for securing care provided in old age became more clearly addressed, and were weighed against the previously dominant emphasis given on handing over the farm to the most suitable son. Through the analysis of the life stories of two families, the paper explores the emerging patterns of generation transfer along the following dimensions: 1) Has the relationship between caring for the elderly and handing over the family farm/enterprise changed? 2) Have different patterns of capital transfer emerged that are dependent on the ability of a family to initiate entrepreneurial household production during state socialism? 3) Since caring evoked the labour of women as either daughters or daughter-in-laws, can we detect shifts in the gender patterns of transfer and women's ability to convert their caring labour into material assets and status within the family? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the development of the book "Gender Regimes, Citizen Participation and Rural Restructuring." The book aims to clarify the dynamics between rural gender process and comparative gender regime perspective which focuses on the interaction between states regulations as the manifestation of local rural process and citizens rights in Europe. The chapters of the book include societies wide range and discussed the diverse aspects of citizenship rights offered by different national-level gender regimed for the rural gender regime development.

The article focuses on how changes in the distribution of reproductive responsibilities between state, market and family affected the gender division of childcare and household labour in the newly established family farms in Hungary and, therefore, affected the overall rural gender regime. It explores the organization of care in Hungarian farming families against the framework of the dominant post-socialist gender regime. It aims at understanding how the gender division of care responsibilities is constructed, bearing in mind that, simultaneously, the newly established sector of family farming offers new opportunities for female entrepreneurship.

The article attempts to clarify how gendered citizenship is constituted in the rural environment. The authors start with the investigation on how citizenship rights are formed within the domain of gendered inequalities. They also clarify how laws and institutions guarding gender regimes are created, maintained, made sense of in everyday practice and resisted. Finally, they analyze how policy formation at the level of the nation state interacts with local and regional politics and the politics of everyday life.