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Study region: The Morava River basin, Czech Republic, Danube Basin, Central Europe. Study focus: Hydrological summer extremes represent a prominent natural hazard in Central Europe. River low flows constrain transport and water supply for agriculture, industry and society, and flood events are known to cause material damage and human loss. However, understanding changes in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes is associated with great uncertainty due to the limited number of gauge observations. Here, we compile a tree-ring network to reconstruct the July–September baseflow variability of the Morava River from 1745 to 2018 CE. An ensemble of reconstructions was produced to assess the impact of calibration period length and trend on the long-term mean of reconstruction estimates. The final estimates represent the first baseflow reconstruction based on tree rings from the European continent. Simulated flows and historical documentation provide quantitative and qualitative validation of estimates prior to the 20th century. New hydrological insights for the region: The reconstructions indicate an increased variability of warm-season flow during the past 100 years, with the most extreme high and low flows occurring after the start of instrumental observations. When analyzing the entire reconstruction, the negative trend in baseflow displayed by gauges across the basin after 1960 is not unprecedented. We conjecture that even lower flows could likely occur in the future considering that pre-instrumental trends were not primarily driven by rising temperature (and the evaporative demand) in contrast to the recent trends.

The paper focuses on the territory of Moravia between 1708–1728, when the Habsburg state produced a series of legislative measures that had a lasting impact on the status of the Jewish population. The author sees this process as the formation of a monarchical anti-Judaism that gradually abandoned the older models of the Estates State and adopted the principles of absolute monarchies. In addition to formal shifts, the paper focuses primarily on the themes of these measures, the targets of which – the Jewish home, the synagogue, the ghetto, the family – tended to change frequently as the state sought the most an effective method for regulating the Jewish minority. Last but not least, the paper focuses on the actors who initiated the individual measures or were involved in their practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Staleta Praha is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Journal of Historical Heritage Preservation / Zpravy Pamatkove Pece is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study deals with several aspects of the development of Enlightenment patriotism in Moravia in the second half of the 18th century. First, it attempts to define „patriotism“ within the context of the Enlightenment, noting the specifics of the development of Moravia and the Moravian educated elite at this time. It also discusses the emergence of a „Moravian spirit“ in relation to Bohemia and Vienna and the Austrian monarchy. This phenmenon is also manifested in a number of works, for the most part published after 1770, that map the history and contemporay situation of Moravia. In conclusion, the article examines the language issue of the Moravian Enlightenment. Although for a significant part of the elite, „Moravian spirit“ was associated with German culture, the study also presents defences of the Czech language by some intellectuals that represent the first seeds of the Czech national renaissance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article provides information about urbanonyms in small settlements. On the basis of a representative sample of Moravian villages, it estimates the number of municipalities with urbanonyms and it summarizes their character, motivation, and level of identification. The predominant motivation is the orientation function followed by traditional oral names and honorification. The predominant level of identification is the local level. The greatest diversity exists in traditional oral names, which account for the largest proportion of unique names and occurrences. The analytical part tests variables that may explain the introduction of street names, their frequency and their character. It shows that the proximity to larger cities and the population size of a community are related to the presence of urbanonyms, their number and partly their character. Significant differences also exist between towns on the one hand and townlets and villages on the other. Towns have a greater proportion of honorific names and names with international and national levels of identification, while townlets and villages have a greater proportion of traditional oral names and names with regional and local levels of identification. In this respect, small towns are more like large cities than townlets and villages of the same size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution is a critique of the article by J. Klenovský, who presented his own classification of the surnames of Moravian Jews. However, the thesis shows many professional shortcomings (e.g. missing citations, insufficient description of the material) and many of the presented etymological interpretations are highly questionable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Count Maximilian von Lamberg: a Cosmopolitan between Europe and Moravia. This paper deals with the personality and the work of the noble, writer and intellectual Maximilian count Lamberg (1729–1792) which was already examined by several Czech historians (Polišenský, Kroupa, Cerman). Firstly, the paper evaluates the current state of research to show that despite of the attention of researchers focused on this personality, there are still lot of contexts and details which remain unknown. Secondly, the paper analyses the question of the relevance and the historical value of Lamberg’s conserved works which are situated between memories, essays and autobiographical fiction. In the main part of the paper, the thesis of Jiří Kroupa, which assumes the appurtenance of Maxmilian Lamberg both to the Moravian milieu and to the European Republic of letters, is examined. Lamberg’s accessible works, not only the most famous Mémorial d’un mondain but also the other books, are used as a base of the research.

All of the other localities in the first six largest Moravian towns according to the population census of 1910 (that is in Brno, Moravská Ostrava, Jihlava, Vítkovice and Olomouc) had town hall support for German schooling, while Czech schooling was in the position of minority schooling. The situation was different in Prostějov from the year 1892. Czech local leaders held the town hall and also had a strong position in the overall Moravian context of Czech politics. The Czech town self-government in Prostějov immediately called for maximum support for the development of Czech schooling. Prostějov experienced a significant increase in children at Czech schools and also a marked decrease of children at German schools in the final quarter century of the existence of the monarchy. The Prostějov town self-government worked at the reduction of the number of classes and schools with German as the language of instruction. This was due to the fact that dozens of children from a Czech language environment or from a mixed environment, which Czech national activists viewed as Czech, had attended German schools at the beginning of the twentieth century. It was fairly easy to prevent, however, the dissolution of schools or reduction of the number of classes even in the position in a locality with a minority nationality, by attracting non-local pupils. The fulfillment of one of the already approved capacities was completely under the authority of the management of schools and the town government had practically no power to affect this. Prostějov Czech political leaders were dissatisfied with Czech or supposedly Czech children at German schools, and when they failed with a systematic solution, that is the reduction of German schooling to a capacity amount, so as to only allow them to cover the needs of the German ethnicity, they focused on reclaiming children from German schools. The study analyses in detail only the smaller successes -- that is greater than Czech representatives in cities with a German town hall (Brno, Olomouc, Moravská Ostrava...), but still fairly insignificant in relation to the number of reclaimed children. The solid strategy, systematic character and coordination of the Prostějov attempts can certainly be viewed as a success. Přikryl's memoirs contain clear evidence that the Czech side tried to find valid limits at the beginning of the introduction of Lex Perek and therefore presented the maximum requirements in the complaints, aware of the fact that it would not succeed with everything. The local social-political climate impacting the population and also the parents of the children was a much more significant factor which influenced the decrease in the number of pupils in Prostějov German schools as opposed to the reclaiming of children from German schools. The Czechs in the local environment quickly emancipated and erased the German economic and cultural advantages -- a definite indicator in this respect is the decrease in the number of the German community language which amounted to 24.5 % of the population in the census in 1880, but only 6 % of the Prostějov inhabitants in the year 1910. German education was no longer viewed by the parents of children as a factor providing an advantage. The demand for German education decreased signii cantly in the Czech language and the indifferent or mixed language environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Předložený článek se zaměřuje na vyhodnocení kolekce raně novověkých kachlů, které pocházejí z plochy prvního nádvoří kláštera Hradiska u Olomouce. Kamnářské výrobky byly získány během záchranného archeologického výzkumu provedeného v letech 1995–1996. Konvolut tvoří celkem 167 fragmentů kachlů. Na čelních vyhřívacích stěnách se podařilo identifikovat celkem 19 různých výzdobných motivů. Mezi náměty jednoznačně dominuje ornament, méně jsou zastoupeny architektonické, fantaskní a heraldické motivy. Pro zařazení souboru jsou nejdůležitější zlomky kachlů s erbem hradiského opata Fridricha Valentina Schinala, včetně letopočtu 1654, což umožňuje tyto nálezy klást zejména do druhé poloviny 17. století.

Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Archaeologica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archaeologia Historica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two concentration camps were established for Roma people in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1942. Roma from Bohemia were deported to Lety and Roma from Moravia to the camp near Hodonín u Kunštátu, before most of them were murdered in the "Gypsy family camp" (Zigeunerlager) in Auschwitz II. Birkenau. The lists of prisoners are valuable not only for historians (they were published previously by the historian Ctibor Nečas), but also for onomastics, as they allow us to analyse the naming practise of Czech and Moravian Roma in the pre-war period. There are 325 unique surnames on these lists, with most of them being Czech or German, and they thus demonstrate the connection with the territory and its language(s). The study discusses the most common Roma surnames in Moravia (e.g. Daniel, Holomek, Burianský) and in Bohemia (e.g. Růžička, Janeček, Vrba) as well as the surnames of Sinti living in the Czech borderland regions (e.g. Winter). It is shown that the surnames of Roma from Bohemia and Moravia were different due to the historical and social reasons. They were mostly derived from personal names (e.g. Florián) and place names (e.g. Dubský), they were motivated by the occupation adopted (e.g. Kovář 'smith') or the character and appearance of the individual (e.g. Malík 'small'). After the war, only 583 of the 4,870 Roma who had been imprisoned returned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of publishing titles in Bohemia and Moravia at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, whose authors are personalities with their origin from the territory of today's Slovakia, can be observed from multiple aspects. The publication of the majority of these works is concentrated in Prague. The presented study is focused also on a smaller group of titles published outside of Prague, in other, smaller printing centres (in Brno, Olomouc, Litomyšl and Hradec Králové). Their activity begins as early as the end of the 15th century and ends in 1621. We briefly note the authors and the works they published in Bohemia and Moravia, including the printers who printed these works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skleněné ozdoby představují atraktivní součást hmotné kultury doby laténské a byly vyhledávány a nošeny napříč laténskou Evropou. Příspěvek si klade za cíl souhrnně představit skleněné šperky z doby laténské na Moravě (náramky, prstencové korále, prsteny, korálky, rozdělovače náhrdelníků, závěsky) s důrazem na nálezy z nížinných sídlišť a pohřebišť a jejich následnou komparaci s již publikovanými rozsáhlými kolekcemi z centrálních lokalit Němčice a Staré Hradisko.

Předmětem tohoto pojednání jsou v prvé řadě doklady sídlištních a pohřebních aktivit z počátku starého eneolitu z Dambořic, patřící kultuře nálevkovitých pohárů. Z pohledu aktuální chronologie jde o starší fázi baalberského stupně moravsko-dolnorakouské skupiny uvedené kultury. Do současné doby bylo prozkoumáno deset sídlištních objektů s reprezentativní kolekcí keramiky a šest hrobů s pohřby v natažené poloze bez výbavy. Lokalita je dalším příkladem donedávna neregistrovaných pohřebních zvyklostí místní skupiny nálevkovitých pohárů a současně příležitostí představit tento fenomén starého eneolitu na Moravě v širších souvislostech. Součástí příspěvku je také vyhodnocení antropologického materiálu a prezentace radiouhlíkových dat, které z něj byly získány.

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rise of new Cistercian and Premonstratensian monastic orders in the twelft h century is a traditional theme of global medieval studies. The Czech discourse proposes that the new movements could only blossom because Benedictine monasticism had bled out internally and was unable to step up to the challenges of the new era. Such generalizations however lack the support of specific data, which makes us question the conclusion as being pos sibly too schematic. The reasons leading to the new monastery were varied, from pastoral, mortuary, and generally commemorative incentives, through representational factors, to economic and political aspects. Although the arrival of the Cistercians and Premonstratensian meant the end of a certain hegemony of the Benedictines, the monasteries did not disappear and new ones, if fewer, were built well into the fourteenth century in the Czech lands. The study focuses on Moravian Benedictine monasteries in the Přemyslid era (until the end of the thirteenth century). It illustrates, based on the oldest Benedictine house - the Hradisko Abbey near Olomouc, the social networks in which these religious houses were perched, and shows relationships the institutions maintained and the role they played in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Památky Archeologické is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Památky Středních Čech is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Památky Středních Čech is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the personality and the work of the noble, writer and intellectual Maximilian count Lamberg (1729–1792) which was already examined by several Czech historians (Polišenský, Kroupa, Cerman). Firstly, the paper evaluates the current state of research to show that despite of the attention of researchers focused on this personality, there are still lot of contexts and details which remain unknown. Secondly, the paper analyses the question of the relevance and the historical value of Lamberg’s conserved works which are situated between memories, essays and autobiographical fiction. In the main part of the paper, the thesis of Jiří Kroupa, which assumes the appurtenance of Maxmilian Lamberg both to the Moravian milieu and to the European Republic of letters, is examined. Lamberg’s accessible works, not only the most famous Mémorial d’un mondain but also the other books, are used as a base of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Archaeologica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Archaeologica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kovový depot objevený v r. 2013 při detektorovém průzkumu na západním svahu skalnatého hřebene geomorfologického okrsku Babí lom na katastru Svinošic (okr. Blansko) obsahuje šest sekerek s tulejkou, dva hroty kopí a polovinu slitku mědi. Podle sekerek a neobvyklého hrotu kopí s otvory v listu cizí provenience je nález datován do pozdního stupně doby popelnicových polí. Depot je výjimečný jak dokumentací jeho původního, záměrného uspořádání, tak topografickou situací ve vztahu k vodnímu toku, krajinné dominantně Babího lomu a předpokládané původní komunikaci. Analýza zakonzervovaných rostlinných zbytků s využitím radiokarbonového datování přispěla k rekonstrukci způsobu uložení a lokálního vegetačního spektra. Sídelně-topografická analýza prokázala korelace se soudobým osídlením regionu, ve kterém se i díky novému nálezu nachází jedna z depozitních makrokumulací na Moravě.

Dnešní moderní, jakož i starší prvkové analýzy kovových artefaktů na bázi mědi z období staršího eneolitu a starší doby bronzové dokládají v západní části středního Podunají, a tedy i na území dnešní Moravy, rozšíření měděné suroviny původem kromě východních Alp a jihovýchodní Evropy také z oblasti Západních Karpat. V uvedených obdobích jde o měď pocházející z tetraedritové rudy. V daném kontextu se nabízí otázka, jaký význam sehrávala na Moravě měď západokarpatské provenience při produkci bronzové industrie v období popelnicových polí. Prvkové a izotopové analýzy měděných slitků z depotu Blučina 1 z mladší doby bronzové prokázaly jejich tetraedritovou chemickou signaturu. Tento poznatek autoři předkládaného článku doplnili o další analýzy slitků z depotů Blučina 1 a 13 metodou ICP-MS a ICP-OES a také analýzami stabilních izotopů olova. Na základě získaných výsledků je diskutována otázka provenience tetraedritové měděné suroviny z ložisek ležících v Západních Karpatech a východních Alpách.

The authors present new finds of Byzantine lead seals at Morava (Margum), Braničevo and the broader area around them. The seals from Morava and Braničevo were unearthed in the course of archaeological excavations, which make these finds particularly important. Significant among them is the seal from Morava, which belonged to Symeon (?), magister and logothete of the dromos, from the end of the tenth century, which indicates the presence of Byzantine officials in Morava and the establishment of Byzantine authority along the north-western Danubian border following the fall of the Bulgarian empire in 971. Three new seals from Braničevo complement the list of Byzantine officials in connection with the events on the Danubian border in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The seals found in the broader area of Brani~evo should also be added to this list. Of particular significance among them is the seal of Georgios Palaiologos Doukas Komnenos, megas hetaireiarches, a well known historical figure involved in events in Hungary, Serbia and on the Danubian border in the 1160s. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 177021: Urbanisation Processes and Development of Mediaeval Society and Grant no. 177032: Tradition, innovation and identity in the Byzantine world]

An exhibition presenting the occurrence of volcanic rocks in Moravia and Silesia was held in the Handke Hall from July 28 to October 30, 2022. The oldest volcanics from Brno area, devonian submarine volcanism on Drahany Plateau and Nízký Jeseník Mountains, teschenite and andesite volcanism of the fl ysch belt of the Western Carpathians and our youngest volcanoes in the central part of Nízký Jeseník were presented. The exhibition was accompanied by guided tours for students and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study compares the surnames from the Tax Lists from Bohemia (1654) and Moravia and Silesia (1669‒1679) with those from the current surname list (2017), with the aim to map the changes of the onymic system. A special attention is paid to changes in the names beginning with the letter K, with a particular focus on surnames which have already become extinct or they are about to disappear soon. The reasons for the disappearance of surnames are primarily biological (no sons in the family). However, some family names have been changed over the years, and another reason is the migration, which has had an impact on the onymic system as well. The system of Czech surnames underwent great changes as a result of the Second World War, when some Jewish surnames disappeared and the surnames of the expelled German inhabitants were lost. The article also poses a question which surnames can actually be considered to be Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the distributions of orchids have been largely investigated in Moravia during last decades, some historical localities of rare species still remain omitted. Two such localities from the Nízký Jeseník upland are presented in this contribution. The occurrence of Anacamptis palustris in Volárna settlement is documented by herbarium voucher, while the locality of Traunsteinera globosa in Kocourovec village is known only from literature. Both species are recently considered extinct from the Nízký Jeseník upland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Josef Ryš (* 1879, ? 1960) was a high school professor at the Real School in Jevíčko, a prominent local researcher - mineralogist and head of the local physical education unit Sokol. Between 1909 and 1958, he published a total of 11 works on the geological and mineralogical conditions of the greater Jevíčko area. He has collaborated with important institutions, such as the Moravian Museum in Brno, Masaryk University in Brno, Charles University in Prague and the National Museum in Prague. He has built a quality collection of Czech and world minerals, of which a total of 913 pieces are stored in the collection of the National Museum in Prague. From this collection, 65 minerals were selected for the new permanent mineralogical exhibition of the National Museum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Památky Archeologické is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anthropologia Integra is the property of Masaryk University, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study analyses initial determination and development of social roles of the Hungarian Protestant pastors' socio-professional group of the Augsburg and Helvetic confessions, "new born" in Bohemia and Moravia as a result of the Patent of Toleration of Emperor Joseph II. In the period 1781--1815, this group numbered about two hundred individuals. The aim is an assessment of the integration of "foreign" and "strange" pastors into the post-baroque Czech society. Descriptions of the first meetings with pastors testify to the widespread interest, especially from Czech countryside residents, motivated primarily by the curiosity of the unknown and exotic. The author investigates pastors' strategies to overcome language and cultural barriers, as well as the evolution of social status fluctuating between the elite and the servitorship, which stabilized during the first third of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Celobronzové komponenty ochranné zbroje jsou fenoménem, který se ve středoevropském nálezovém fondu objevuje poprvé počátkem doby popelnicových polí. Na Moravě je dnes tato zbroj doložena kromě dvou částí bronzových přileb (Služín, Brno-Řečkovice) a starším nálezem náholenice (Kuřim) také zlomkem pancíře (Ivančice 4). Pouze u náholenice není znám nálezový kontext, ostatní artefakty pocházejí z depotů a jsou karpatské provenience. Typologicky i kontextem depotů jsou moravské nálezy bronzové zbroje datovány do rozpětí stupňů B D2 – Ha B1. Plech pancíře z depotu Ivančice 4 byl podle materiálové analýzy vyroben z klasického bronzu mechanickým tvářením s následným rekrystalizačním žíháním. V obvodovém lemu ramenního výkroje pancíře byla zakována tyčinka ze slitiny PbSn, která posloužila jako měkký podklad pro vykování ohybu okraje. Olovo bylo sice v době popelnicových polí vzácně již vyráběno a používáno, v technologické aplikaci při výrobě bronzového pancíře je však nálezem v depotu Ivančice 4 takto prokázáno poprvé.

Klasická typochronologická schémata (nejen) starší doby bronzové jsou založena na detailním dělení znaků, kterým jsou přisuzovány chronologické vlastnosti. Jedná se nejen o vlastnosti artefaktů, ale také o podoby pohřebních zvyklostí a sídel. Současný výzkum oproti tomu směřuje spíše k definici robustnějších stupňů a sledování průběžnosti jevů. Systematické evidence a záchranné výzkumy umožňují vytvořit si představu o početnosti a podobě archeologických pramenů, ať už sídlišť či pohřebišť, ale i o obdobích, kdy se jejich archeologická evidence vytrácí. Zřejmé jsou tyto trendy v oblasti pohřebních zvyklostí, kde vedou k minimální archeologické zachytitelnosti pohřbů závěru starší doby bronzové kontrastující se zřejmou kontinuitou sídlišť. Tento příspěvek se zabývá otázkou konce únětických pohřebišť na Moravě spojenou s přesunem pohřbů na úroveň povrchu pod mohylový násep, a zaměřuje se na znaky považované za chronologicky citlivé, které mají ovšem zřetelně dlouhodobější výskyt. Pro zpracování jsou vybrány absolutně datované hroby a depozita lidských těl v jámách ze závěru starší a počátku střední doby bronzové, kterými můžeme tyto trendy podložit.

Study Region: The Morava River basin, Czech Republic, Danube Basin, Central Europe., Study Focus: Hydrological summer extremes represent a prominent natural hazard in Central Europe. River low flows constrain transport and water supply for agriculture, industry and society, and flood events are known to cause material damage and human loss. However, understanding changes in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes is associated with great uncertainty due to the limited number of gauge observations. Here, we compile a tree-ring network to reconstruct the July-September baseflow variability of the Morava River from 1745 to 2018 CE. An ensemble of reconstructions was produced to assess the impact of calibration period length and trend on the long-term mean of reconstruction estimates. The final estimates represent the first baseflow reconstruction based on tree rings from the European continent. Simulated flows and historical documentation provide quantitative and qualitative validation of estimates prior to the 20th century., New Hydrological Insights for the Region: The reconstructions indicate an increased variability of warm-season flow during the past 100 years, with the most extreme high and low flows occurring after the start of instrumental observations. When analyzing the entire reconstruction, the negative trend in baseflow displayed by gauges across the basin after 1960 is not unprecedented. We conjecture that even lower flows could likely occur in the future considering that pre-instrumental trends were not primarily driven by rising temperature (and the evaporative demand) in contrast to the recent trends., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Max Torbenson reports financial support was provided by European Research Council. Jan Esper, Ulf Buentgen reports financial support was provided by European Research Council. Michal Rybnicek, Tomas Kolar reports financial support was provided by Czech Grant Agency. James Stagge reports financial support was provided by National Science Foundation. Miroslav Trnka, Jan Esper, Ulf Buentgen, Milan Fischer reports financial support was provided by Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic., (© 2023 The Authors.)