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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents (CAA) and its treatment plan includes a multimodal approach. Psychoeducation is a potential therapeutic modality in the multimodal treatment of ADHD. Psychoeducation intervention generally consists of single or multiple sessions providing education to the recipient regarding ADHD with the aim to facilitate an informed, self-responsible management of the disorder and to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Previous reviews have highlighted the positive effects of parental psychoeducation on ADHD symptoms, behavioral problems and social skills of CAA with ADHD. However, the effects of child only and combined parental and CAA psychoeducation interventions are unclear and under investigated. In the current paper, for the first time, we review, individually, the outcomes of parent only psychoeducation, child only psychoeducation and combined parental and CAA psychoeducation across a range of domains in CAA with ADHD. The findings reveal that including psychoeducation in the treatment of ADHD may improve clinical symptoms, social skills, functioning and family relationships in CAA with ADHD.

Abstract This study challenges historical paradigms using a large-scale integrated bioarchaeological approach, focusing on the female experience over the last 2,000 years in Milan, Italy. Specifically, 492 skeletons from the osteological collection of Milan were used to elucidate female survivorship and mortality by integrating bioarchaeological and paleopathological data, paleoepidemiological analyses, and historical contextualization. Findings revealed changes in female longevity, with a notable increase from Roman to contemporary eras, albeit plateauing in the Middle Ages/modern period. Significant sex-specific differences in mortality risk and survivorship were observed: females had higher mortality risk and lower survivorship in the Roman (first-fifth century AD) and Modern (16th-18th century AD) eras, but this trend reversed in the contemporary period (19th-20th century AD). Cultural and social factors negatively impacted female mortality in Roman and modern Milan, while others buffered it during the Middle Ages (sixth-15th century AD). This study underscored the importance of bioarchaeological inquiries in reconstructing the past, providing answers that may challenge historical assumptions and shedding light on how the interplay of cultural, social, and biological factors shaped the female experience across millennia.

Abstract Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergies are the most common type of food allergy, often causing rapid symptoms after exposure to allergens posing a serious health risk and a high impact on patient's and caregiver's quality of life. Omalizumab, a humanized anti‐IgE monoclonal antibody, reduces allergic reactions by binding to circulating IgE. Omalizumab has been successfully used in allergic asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic urticaria, and was recently approved for treating IgE‐mediated food allergies by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This GA2LEN ANACARE Consensus Statement presents our position on the use of omalizumab for treating IgE‐mediated food allergies, based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis, experience with use for other conditions, and expert consensus achieved via an eDelphi process. Following publication of the recent OUtMATCH study (stage 1) results and subsequent FDA approval, we propose that there is now sufficient evidence to recommend omalizumab as the only drug currently available that can mechanistically reduce IgE‐mediated food allergic reactions. We acknowledge that the evidence does not reach the highest level of evidence which would be needed for a guideline recommendation.

In the industrial gas manufacturing sector, stringent safety protocols and proactive safety promotion are crucial to prevent hazardous incidents protect employees, customers, and the environment from the potential risks of handling and transporting these gases. Train The Trainer (TTT) programmes can be tailored to the organisation’s needs and cover various topics, such as handling hazardous materials, emergency response procedures, equipment use and ergonomics, and managing emergency response procedures. The B-SAFE project, designed based on the ‘Communities of Practice’ theoretical framework and adopting the TTT approach, aims to provide workers with tools and resources to increase work safety and reduce accidents by acting on underlying cognitive behaviour and processes. The present case study aims to present the Italian adaptation of the B-SAFE training programme, incorporating specific revisions resulting from previous research. Twenty-five Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) top and middle managers from a leading gas manufacturing firm participated in the five-module training. At the conclusion of each B-SAFE module, they filled out a short questionnaire to report their satisfaction with the training methods and content. The answers were analysed to gather feedback on the course. In general, participants found the course to be useful, satisfying, fun and easy.

The Winged Victory (Vittoria Alata) of Brescia is one of the most important Roman bronzes in Italy. Discovered in 1826, it dates back to the 1st century AD. Since the 19th century the statue has undergone multiple conservation interventions. The last one started in 2018 up to 2020. The project was defined with a multidisciplinary approach which made it possible to study and compare the data obtained from the restoration with those deriving from scientific analyses, humanistic studies and other specialist research. For the first time after the discovery, it was possible to explore the internal surfaces of the statue and acquire very important data for the technological study of the work. Particular attention was paid to cleaning the surfaces; once the materials accumulated over time were removed, partly residues of past interventions, it was possible to rediscover the beauty of the face, the refinement of the modeling and the high peculiarity of the wings. New technological solutions have been studied for the internal support that replaced the one inserted in the nineteenth century to hold the arms and wings of the statue, as it was no longer suitable for guaranteeing the safe conservation of the work. Since October 2020, the Winged Victory has been exhibited in the renovated Capitoline temple in Brescia, where it was discovered.

Abstract Wildfire pressure involves today to implement silvicultural practices that provide a good compromise between reducing fire risk and maintaining ecological functioning. Thinning reduces tree density and low branches, but results in the deposition of a considerable biomass of woody debris on the ground (up to 4800 g m2 in this study). They can be eliminated by prescribed burning, but this raises questions about the fire intensity that can be generated and the impact on soil fauna. We undertook the monitoring of a thinning and prescribed burning operation, separated and combined, in November 2020, in a Pinus laricio stand prone to fire risk, located in Bavella, Corsica. Fuel load was determined, and temperature measurements in the soil were performed using K‐type thermocouples. Soil arthropod populations were monitored using pitfall traps, in particular Collembola, Acari, Aranae, and Coleoptera. The combination of thinning and burning resulted in a fire intensity of 75.8 versus 8.4 kW m−1 for burning alone. Maximum temperature rise measured at −2 cm below the surface was less than 5°C for both treatments. The combination of thinning and burning did not result in higher fire intensity at ground level than burning alone, and the soil showed high insulation capacity. Most of the woody debris that burned was small‐diameter, and large‐diameter debris remained unconsumed. This burning, performed during a period of low biological activity, had no effect on soil arthropods, and the presence of large debris may have provided refuge areas. Collembola group was the faster to recover, and were followed by cohorts of predators in summer, especially Acari. Our results suggest that a combination of burning and thinning in autumn may be beneficial for fire prevention. However, the decomposition of woody debris in relation to fire risk, and the occurrence of pests after these treatments need to be monitored.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to observe the effect of palmitate in the pro-inflammatory response of murine gingival fibroblasts in vitro and the levels of purine metabolizing enzyme CD73 which can ultimately control inflammation through modulation of mitochondrial health-related genes. METHODS: Murine gingival fibroblasts were extracted from C57BI/6J mice and used between 4th and 8th passages in vitro. Cells were stimulated with palmitate (200 mM) in the presence or absence of IL-1b stimulation and mRNA for inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial health markers and CD73 were measured by RT-qPCR after 6 hours. RESULTS: The cytokines Cxcl1, IL-6 and Ccl2, but not chemokine Cxcl2, were significantly upregulated in the presence of palmitate in addition to IL-1b. The levels of CD73 were decreased in IL-1b-stimulated fibroblasts with palmitate only. Genes related to mitochondrial health such as Pink1, Mfn1, Mfn2 or Fis1 were not modulated in the presence of palmitate. CONCLUSIONS: Palmitate increased IL-1b-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased CD73 in murine gingival fibroblasts with no effect on mitochondrial health-related genes, at least at the mRNA level. IMPLICATIONS: This study implicates that there is further investigation needed to better understand the relationship of palmitate with CD73 and its effects on mitochondrial health and inflammation. Once the relationship is explored and defined, this research could be part of the first steps to support the development of biomarkers to detect periodontal inflammation early on and advance current preventive measures.

OBJECTIVES: Our previous work has shown the role of adenosine in mitochondrial health to regulate IL-1-mediated inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts, and the protective role of enzyme CD73, which is the final step to generate adenosine extracellularly, in mediating osteoclastogenesis and the hyper inflammatory response of gingival fibroblasts. Adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) agonist (CGS21680) has been associated with anti-inflammatory effects in models of sepsis, articular chondrocyte inflammation, and oral mucositis in vitro as well as particle-induced inflammatory bone destruction in vivo. This study examined the effects of A2aR agonist CGS 21680 in a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis. METHODS: Mature adult mice (C57Bl/6J) underwent ligature placement on the maxillary second molar to induce periodontitis. The unligated contralateral molar tooth served as an internal control. For the following 8 days, the mice received intra-peritoneal injections of A2aR agonist (CGS21680, 0.1 mg/Kg) or a saline control. After 8 days, gingival tissues and maxillae were harvested. The maxillae underwent micro-CT analysis to measure alveolar bone loss and the gingival tissues were processed for protein analysis through immunoblot. RESULTS: Micro-CT analysis demonstrated mice that received A2aR agonist had significantly less bone loss compared to the control group. Protein analysis of gingival tissue showed periodontitis induced higher IL-1 levels compared to the unligated side and decreased IL-1b in A2aR-treated mice compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, A2aR-treated mice were protected from ligature-induced periodontitis and displayed less gingival IL-1 levels.

ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

This work explores the feasibility of adopting an LSI produced C/SiC composite to build an aeronautical Auxiliary Power Unit system muffler. The study first covers the experimental material characterization through tensile and compressive tests. The material properties are characterized also after exposing the samples to an oxidizing atmosphere, that is typical for the proposed application. The material response is characterized by significant non-linearities and a pseudo plastic response, which were numerically modeled using a Drucker-Prager model. The detailed design of the muffler is described and verified, for different loading conditions, using a Finite Element model. Finally, a full-scale prototype is produced and assembled, thus proving the technological feasibility of the design. The manufacturing phase required to study and understand the phenomena that were leading to defects in the proposed closed axial symmetric shape, and to implement suitable technological solutions in order to get an acceptable prototype.

Abstract Axion-like particles (ALPs) that decay into photon pairs pose a challenge for experiments that rely on the construction of a decay vertex in order to search for long-lived particles. This is particularly true for beam-dump experiments, where the distance between the unknown decay position and the calorimeter can be very large. In this work we use machine learning to explore the possibility to reconstruct the ALP properties, in particular its mass and lifetime, from such inaccurate observations. We use a simulation-based inference approach based on conditional invertible neural networks to reconstruct the posterior probability of the ALP parameters for a given set of events. We find that for realistic angular and energy resolution, such a neural network significantly outperforms parameter reconstruction from conventional high-level variables while at the same time providing reliable uncertainty estimates. Moreover, the neural network can quickly be re-trained for different detector properties, making it an ideal framework for optimizing experimental design.

Abstract Background Knowledge of the genetic basis of health conditions can influence how the public perceives their own and others’ health. When there are known genetic associations for such conditions, genetic essentialist biases facilitate deterministic thinking and an over-emphasis of genetic causality. This study investigates the role that genetic essentialist biases play in medical decision-making. Methods Senior postgraduate medical students (N = 102) read a scenario in which a patient presents with gastroenterological symptoms. Half of the students were told that the patient tested positive for HLADQ2 – a gene implicated in, but not deterministic of, coeliac disease. The other half received no genetic information. Students were assessed on their recommendations for investigation and management using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Twenty-two of these students participated in a qualitative follow-up which used focus groups and semi-structured interviews to explore the reasoning behind students’ responses. Results Management recommendations differed between the two groups, with those receiving genetic information more likely to recommend a gluten free diet. Recommendations for further investigation did not differ significantly between groups. Interviews suggested that these findings arose despite the students’ good understanding of the common non-deterministic nature of genes, such as HLADQ2. Conclusion Differences in management recommendations suggest that the inclusion of genetic information unduly biased students towards a premature diagnosis of a serious health condition, coeliac disease. Follow-up interviews introduced the possibility that observed manipulation-based differences may have been based on anticipated expectations of examiners, rather than perceived future clinical practice. Based on the present results it is unclear whether intentional exam-taking strategies fully account for medical students’ decisions, or if they contribute in addition to the activation of genetic essentialist biases. Further research in clinical settings may ascertain whether genetic essentialist biases would truly influence medical student and doctors within their clinical practice environment.

This paper presents an exploratory research that analyzed the Privacy and Security Policies and the Instruction Manuals of 59 home automation equipment for Smart Home in order to verify which personal data was handled and how these documents were providing information about processes performed in personal data. The analysis was conducted with a quantitative approach followed by a qualitative analysis, using content analysis. The surveys identified the following types of personal data: Identification, Financial, Devices and Location. The results presented greater interest in identification data, although financial and location are also used in specific cases. We also concluded that the Privacy and Security Policies present several information that meets the LGPD’s guidelines, especially regarding the purpose of using the data and which personal data is used. However, there is a visible lack of information about the benefits provided to data subjects and about sharing data with third parties, such as recipient data and the legal basis for sharing data.

Brain activity is a biological signal with unique characteristics that can determine important patterns for recording and processing. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most used signal because it measures brain electrical activity, offering greater resolution and data accuracy. When associated to brain activities in user-computer interactions, it can provide information that allows analyzing adequacy and user satisfaction. Thus, the objective of this paper is to identify works that specify which information on electroencephalography assessment may be used to compose an analysis of its interactions with conversational systems. The delimited that the research problems are: (1) What information about user experience by electroencephalography can be used to compose an analysis of their interactions with conversational systems? (2) What techniques are used to present user experience information by EEG to individuals? Based on the Systematic Review method, seven studies were identified that examined commercial EEG devices for UX assessment between 2011 and 2022. The current study found that multiple emotional stimuli were used and reported. The most popular technique among researchers is event induced emotional stimulation, in which participants passively perceive emotional stimuli such as images, music and videos to evoke certain emotions.

Endosseous implant surface topography directly affects adherent cell responses following implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nanoscale topographic modification of titanium implants on Osterix gene expression since this gene has been reported as key factor for bone formation. Titanium implants with smooth and nanoscale topographies were implanted in the femurs of Osterix-Cherry mice for 1-21 days. Implant integration was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate cell adhesion on implant surfaces, histology, and nanotomography (NanoCT) to observe and quantify the formed bone-to-implant interface, flow cytometry to quantify of Osterix expressing cells in adjacent tissues, and real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the osteoinductive and osteogenic gene expression of the implant-adherent cells. SEM revealed topography-dependent adhesion of cells at early timepoints. NanoCT demonstrated greater bone formation at nanoscale implants and interfacial osteogenesis was confirmed histologically at 7 and 14 days for both smooth and nanosurface implants. Flow cytometry revealed greater numbers of Osterix positive cells in femurs implanted with nanoscale versus smooth implants. Compared to smooth surface implants, nanoscale surface adherent cells expressed higher levels of Osterix (Osx), Alkaline phosphatase (Alp), Paired related homeobox (Prx1), Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), Bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and Osteocalcin (Ocn). In conclusion, nanoscale surface implants demonstrated greater bone formation associated with higher levels of Osterix expression over the 21-day healing period with direct evidence of surface-associated gene regulation involving a nanoscale-mediated osteoinductive pathway that utilizes Osterix to direct adherent cell osteoinduction.

Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium that improves plant health and development. In this study, we investigate the early leaf responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to WCS417 exposure and the possible involvement of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) in such responses. In vitro–grown A. thaliana seedlings expressing an FDH::GUS reporter show a significant increase in FDH promoter activity in their roots and shoots after 7 days of indirect exposure (without contact) to WCS417. After root exposure to WCS417, the leaves of FDH::GUS plants grown in the soil also show an increased FDH promoter activity in hydathodes. To elucidate early foliar responses to WCS417 as well as FDH involvement, the roots of A. thaliana wild-type Col and atfdh1-5 knock-out mutant plants grown in soil were exposed to WCS417, and proteins from rosette leaves were subjected to proteomic analysis. The results reveal that chloroplasts, in particular several components of the photosystems PSI and PSII, as well as members of the glutathione S-transferase family, are among the early targets of the metabolic changes induced by WCS417. Taken together, the alterations in the foliar proteome, as observed in the atfdh1-5 mutant, especially after exposure to WCS417 and involving stress-responsive genes, suggest that FDH is a node in the early events triggered by the interactions between A. thaliana and the rhizobacterium WCS417. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

This work focuses on Cistus monspeliensis L. aerial parts (AP) and roots (R) extracts, investigating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the two organs in comparison. At dosages between 1.56 and 6.25 µg/mL, both extracts showed a protective effect against LPS inflammatory stimulus on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Interestingly, only R was able to significantly reduce both IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA gene expression in the presence of LPS. Moreover, the treatment of a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) with AP and R at 6.25 µg/mL increased the cell survival rate by nearly 20% after H2O2 insult. However, only R promoted mitochondria survival, exhibited a significantly higher production of ATP and a higher activity of the enzyme catalase than the control. Both AP and R had similar primary metabolites; in particular, they both contained 1-O-methyl-epi-inositol. Labdane and methoxylated flavonoids were the most characteristic compounds of AP, while R contained mainly catechins, gallic acid, and pyrogallol derivatives. Considering the importance of elemental composition in plants, the inorganic profile of AP and R was also investigated and compared. No potentially toxic elements, such as Pb, were detected in any sample.

This study summarizes new data on induced spawning of Steindachneridion parahybae, focusing on the aggressive behavior of females. This study characterizes the vasotocinergic system using immunohistochemistry, highlighting the potential influence of arginine-vasotocin (AVT) on reproductive physiology. Two experimental groups were proposed: (A) control, with one female in the aquarium, and (B) experimental, with two females in the same aquarium. Dominant (D) females presented a more aggressive behavior and did not show any injury. They apparently had a length and body mass higher than injured nondominant (ND) females. The analysis identified positive AVT immunoreactive (ir) neurons exclusively within the preoptic area, including parvocellular, magnocellular, and gigantocellular subpopulations, containing fibers-ir extending into the pituitary gland. Cellular and nuclear areas were greater in D compared to ND in the magnocellular subpopulation. There were no differences between parvocellular and gigantocellular subpopulations. There was a difference on the steroid plasma profile of cortisol (more in ND than in D) and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (more in D than in ND). Furthermore, control and D females presented higher optical densities for AVT-ir, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-ir, and luteinizing hormone-ir than ND. In general, there were no differences in the results of female (control group) with D females. The AVT system is highly complex, possibly counting multiple sites of action during artificial reproduction and acting directly and/or indirectly associated with behavioral and physiological changes in S. parahybae females when induced to spawning.

In the framework of positive psychology approach, the present study reports the effect of a mixed human resources (HR) intervention program. We developed an intervention by the integration of the classic resource-based intervention with the specific strength training program named FAMILY. Then, we examined the extent to which such a combined intervention enhanced commitment, work engagement, job performance, and decreasing exhaustion of the participants. N = 69 sales consultants operating in an Italian pharmaceutical company participated in our study. To monitor the interventions used, participants had to complete a diary with self-report measures on the dimensions considered for four weeks. Data were analyzed by using growth models to study the variability of the dimensions considered overtime. Afterward, we used multilevel model analyses to test the associations between them. Our results showed that our combined training intervention increased in-role and extra-role performance, emotional commitment, and decreased the reported exhaustion level of the employees. Moreover, relationships among such dimensions have been explored in relation to antecedents that affect them (i.e., negative and positive emotions experienced, and job demands, and resources).