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Some points related to the impacts (either negative or positive) caused by jellyfish (scyphomedusae) are briefly presented. Although medusae cause several negative impacts, they also have a positive side. It is argued that jellyfish blooms are becoming more frequent in areas where anthropogenic impacts are higher. Human perceptions of jellyfish need more study to better understand the role of these animals in the environment. Only then we will be able to decide if they are “good” or “bad”. Neste ensaio são apresentados brevemente os impactos (positivos ou negativos) causados por águas-vivas (cifomedusas). Embora as medusas causem diversos impactos negativos, elas também possuem um lado positivo. Argumenta-se que as explosões populacionais de águas-vivas (em inglês blooms) estão se tornando cada vez mais frequentes em áreas onde os impactos antropogênicos são maiores. A percepção humana sobre as medusas ainda precisa de mais estudos para se entender melhor o papel desses animais no ambiente. Apenas após isso é que poderemos decidir se elas são boas ou ruins.

The diversity of Ceriantharia is known from studies formally describing species from the late 18th Century onwards. However, no nomenclators including a list and discussion of all valid species have been produced since a list discussed by Carlgren in 1912. The present nomenclator presents a complete list of adult species of Ceriantharia of the World, including a discussion on each species. It includes the three families (Arachnactidae, Botrucnidiferidae, Cerianthidae) and the currently accepted 54 species based on their adult form. This study serves as a presentation of the “state-of-the-art” list of species of Ceriantharia, and includes a species identification key to support taxonomic identification. Additional in-depth species-by-species investigations for almost all cerianthid species is still needed, as the information available for most of these species is quite superficial.

Diadumene paranaensis n. sp. (Figures 2–4) Type material. Holotype specimen: MZUSP 1530, polyp without reproductive tissue, 6 mm height, 3 mm width, collected 25 October 2010, at the Yacht Club of Paranaguá, Paranaguá Bay, on mussel, depth of 1-2 m, salinity 26 psu, temperature 20 ° C. Preserved in 4 % FSW. Paratype specimens: MZUSP 1531, one specimen without reproductive tissue, same data as holotype. MZUSP 1532, six specimens without reproductive tissue, same data as holotype. MZUSP 1534, three specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 23 October 2009, preserved two days after collection in 4 % FSW. Additional specimens: MZUSP 1533, one specimen without reproductive tissue, collected 21 August 2009, preserved two days after collection in 4 % FSW. MZUSP 1535, three specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 23 October 2009, preserved two days after collection in 100 % ethanol. MZUSP 1536, three specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 22 February 2010, preserved two days after collection in 4 % FSW. MZUSP 1537, six specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 23 August 2010, preserved two days after collection in 4 % FSW. MZUSP 1909, transverse histological sections of specimen collected 23 October 2009. MZUSP 1910, longitudinal histological sections of specimen collected 23 October 2009. MZUSP 1911, transverse histological sections of specimen collected 22 February 2010. MZUSP 1912, longitudinal histological sections of specimen collected 22 February 2010. MZUSP 1913, transverse histological sections of specimen collected 24 May 2010. MZUSP 1914, longitudinal histological sections of specimen collected 24 May 2010. AMNH 6121, six specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 24 May 2010, preserved one week after collection in 4 % FSW. AMNH 6122, seven specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 24 May 2010, preserved one week after collection in 4 % FSW. AMNH 6123, eleven specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 21 August 2010, preserved three days after collection in 4 % FSW. AMNH 6124, eleven specimens without reproductive tissue, collected 21 August 2010, preserved three days after collection in 4 % FSW. AMNH 6125, longitudinal histological sections of specimen collected 22 February 2010. AMNH 6126, longitudinal histological sections of specimen collected 21 August 2010. AMNH 6127, transverse histological sections of specimen collected 24 May 2010. AMNH 6128, transverse histological sections of specimen collected 21 August 2010. Comparative material: Diadumene cincta MNRJ 3326, 8 specimens, collected 21 November 1981, Ouwerkerk, Province of Zeeland, The Netherlands, preserved in formaldehyde solution, leg. det. M.S.S. Lavayele. Diadumene kameruniensis RMNH. COEL 19755, 2 specimens, collection date unknown, Nigeria, Port Harcourt, preserved in formaldehyde solution. Diadumene kameruniensis RMNH. COEL 32120, data unknown, preserved in ethanol, det. Carlgren. Diadumene leucolena RMNH. COEL 11472, 3 specimens, collected 20 August 1973, Curaçao, Spaanse water, leg. det. J.C. den Hartog. Diadumene lineata RMNH. COEL 23784, 7 specimens, collected 13 October 1990, Veerse Meer, The Netherlands, preserved in formaldehyde solution, leg. M. Faase, det. J.C. den Hartog (1995). Type locality. Yacht Club of Paranaguá, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná state, southern Brazil (25 ° 30 ' 53 "S, 48 ° 29 ' 58 "W). Etymology. The specific name paranaensis refers to the state of Paraná, in Brazil, the type locality of the species. Diagnosis. Clonal species of Diadumene; polyp with cinclides arranged in longitudinal rows, macrobasic pamastigophores in the tentacles, and microbasic p-amastigophores in the acontia.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-21T17:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014 Item merged in doublecheck by Felipe Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2015-12-11T17:47:44Z Item was identical to item(s): 112443, 125803 at handle(s): http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113343, http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126727 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A new species of Pachycerianthus (Cnidaria: Ceriantharia) is described from the Brazilian coast of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Pachycerianthus schlenzae sp. nov. is found in fine sand or mud in shallow waters of Abrolhos and Royal Charlotte Bank. The new species is only known from this area and is most notably different from other species of the genus Pachycerianthus in mesentery arrangement and cnidome. In addition to the description, we provide some biological data collected from individuals cultivated under laboratory conditions. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Assis, Avenida Dom Antônio, 2100, Parque Universitário, CEP 19806900, SP, Brasil Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Assis, Avenida Dom Antônio, 2100, Parque Universitário, CEP 19806900, SP, Brasil FAPESP: 2010/50174-7 FAPESP: 2012/01771-8 CNPq: 481549/2012-9 CNPq: 301039/2013-5

Usando como base a Lista dos Cnidaria registrados na costa Brasileira de 1999, os novos registros adicionados no SinBiota/OBIS e examinando as publicações conhecidas no período 2000-2010 temos: 91 novos registros de táxons já conhecidos; 55 novas ocorrências em São Paulo. É sugerido que a falta de especialistas em Anthozoa nos últimos anos em São Paulo deve ter diminuído o conhecimento taxonômico no grupo. Using as baseline Lista dos Cnidaria registrados na costa Brasileira of 1999, the new records visible in SinBiota/OBIS and extracting information out of the publications for 2000-2010 we have: 91 new records of already known taxa; 55 new records for São Paulo. It is suggested that the lack of Anthozoa taxonomists over the last years in São Paulo may explain the significant decrease of new findings in the group.

Most of the scyphozoans and cubozoans recorded for the Brazilian coast are presumed to be distributed over the entire coastline, but little information on precise records is available. This paper presents the first published records for the Ceará state (northeastern region) of the cubozoan Chiropsalmus quadrumanus, and the scyphozoans Chrysaora lactea, Linuche unguiculata (polyp), Lychnorhiza lucerna, Nausithoe sp. (polyp), Phyllorhiza punctata, and Stomolophus meleagris. The medusoid species have been known by local fishermen and non-specialists for a long time in the area. A maioria das cifomedusas e cubomedusas registradas para o litoral brasileiro é presumivelmente distribuída por toda a costa; porém poucos registros precisos estão disponíveis. Este estudo apresenta os primeiros registros publicados para o estado do Ceará (região Nordeste) da cubomedusa Chiropsalmus quadrumanus, e dos cifozoários: Chrysaora lactea, Linuche unguiculata (pólipo), Lychnorhiza lucerna, Nausithoe sp. (pólipo), Phyllorhiza punctata and Stomolophus meleagris. As espécies de medusas são conhecidas de longa data por pescadores locais e não-especialistas no grupo.