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Wood vinegar has been used for over a century as a fertilizer and antimicrobial agent, but its impacts on ecosystems are poorly understood; further research is necessary to understand its chemical characteristics and avoid negative impacts. This study assessed the chemical characteristics, phytotoxicity, potential cytotoxicity, and greenhouse gas emissions of wood vinegar made from slow pyrolysis in a hot-tail kiln using cambara wood (Qualea sp.). Incubation experiments with varying concentrations of wood vinegar were established in samples of clayey, loamy, and sandy tropical soils, measuring CO2, N2O, and CH4 over a 120-day period. Toxic effects on the germination, root tips, and meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa were also assessed. The findings confirmed that wood vinegar can function as a chemical fertilizer and pesticide, as well as a co-solvent for chemicals, particularly in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications, while the phytotoxicity indicated that this substance must be diluted for agricultural uses. Wood vinegar was seen to inhibit CO2 and N2O emissions from loamy and clayey soils, but this effect was not observed in sandy soil. Wood vinegar also blocked cell division in some dilutions, but at concentrations of less than 0.5% it did not present a potential risk to the environment or plants in general. Keywords: pyroligneous acid; biomass; pyrolysis; residues; cytotoxicity. Vinagre de madeira: características químicas, efeitos fitotóxicos e impactos nas emissões de gases RESUMO: O vinagre de madeira é usado há mais de um século como fertilizante e agente antimicrobiano, mas seus impactos nos ecossistemas são pouco conhecidos; pesquisas são necessárias para entender suas características e evitar impactos negativos. Este estudo avaliou as características químicas, fitotoxicidade, potencial citotoxicidade e emissões de gases do vinagre de madeira obtido a partir de pirólise lenta em forno de cauda quente utilizando madeira de cambará (Qualea sp.). Experimentos de incubação com concentrações variadas do vinagre foram estabelecidos em amostras de solos tropicais argilosos, textura média e arenosos, medindo CO2, N2O e CH4 durante 120 dias. Efeitos tóxicos no modelo Lactuca sativa também foram avaliados. Os resultados confirmaram que o vinagre de madeira pode funcionar como fertilizante químico e pesticida, bem como um co-solvente para produtos químicos, principalmente em aplicações agrícolas e farmacêuticas, enquanto a fitotoxicidade indicou que essa substância deve ser diluída para uso agrícola. O vinagre de madeira parece inibir as emissões de CO2 e N2O de solos argilosos e argilosos, mas esse efeito não foi observado em solo arenoso. O vinagre de madeira também bloqueou a divisão celular em algumas diluições, mas em concentrações inferiores a 0,5% não apresentou risco potencial ao meio ambiente ou às plantas em geral. Palavras-chave: ácido pirolenhoso; biomassa; pirólise; resíduos; citotoxicidade. ABSTRACT: Wood vinegar has been used for over a century as a fertilizer and antimicrobial agent, but its impacts on ecosystems are poorly understood; further research is necessary to understand its chemical characteristics and avoid negative impacts. This study assessed the chemical characteristics, phytotoxicity, potential cytotoxicity, and greenhouse gas emissions of wood vinegar made from slow pyrolysis in a hot-tail kiln using cambara wood (Qualea sp.). Incubation experiments with varying concentrations of wood vinegar were established in samples of clayey, loamy, and sandy tropical soils, measuring CO2, N2O, and CH4 over a 120-day period. Toxic effects on the germination, root tips, and meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa were also assessed. The findings confirmed that wood vinegar can function as a chemical fertilizer and pesticide, as well as a co-solvent for chemicals, particularly in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications, while the phytotoxicity indicated that this substance must be diluted for agricultural uses. Wood vinegar was seen to inhibit CO2 and N2O emissions from loamy and clayey soils, but this effect was not observed in sandy soil. Wood vinegar also blocked cell division in some dilutions, but at concentrations of less than 0.5% it did not present a potential risk to the environment or plants in general. Keywords: pyroligneous acid; biomass; pyrolysis; residues; cytotoxicity. Vinagre de madeira: características químicas, efeitos fitotóxicos e impactos nas emissões de gases RESUMO: O vinagre de madeira é usado há mais de um século como fertilizante e agente antimicrobiano, mas seus impactos nos ecossistemas são pouco conhecidos; pesquisas são necessárias para entender suas características e evitar impactos negativos. Este estudo avaliou as características químicas, fitotoxicidade, potencial citotoxicidade e emissões de gases do vinagre de madeira obtido a partir de pirólise lenta em forno de cauda quente utilizando madeira de cambará (Qualea sp.). Experimentos de incubação com concentrações variadas do vinagre foram estabelecidos em amostras de solos tropicais argilosos, textura média e arenosos, medindo CO2, N2O e CH4 durante 120 dias. Efeitos tóxicos no modelo Lactuca sativa também foram avaliados. Os resultados confirmaram que o vinagre de madeira pode funcionar como fertilizante químico e pesticida, bem como um co-solvente para produtos químicos, principalmente em aplicações agrícolas e farmacêuticas, enquanto a fitotoxicidade indicou que essa substância deve ser diluída para uso agrícola. O vinagre de madeira parece inibir as emissões de CO2 e N2O de solos argilosos e argilosos, mas esse efeito não foi observado em solo arenoso. O vinagre de madeira também bloqueou a divisão celular em algumas diluições, mas em concentrações inferiores a 0,5% não apresentou risco potencial ao meio ambiente ou às plantas em geral. Palavras-chave: ácido pirolenhoso; biomassa; pirólise; resíduos; citotoxicidade.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose on the characteristics of upland rice production, and to compare the Agronomic Efficiency Index (AEI) of formulations of biochar-urea pellets (BUPs). The treatments comprised four fertilizers (three formulations of BUP and urea) and five nitrogen doses (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), analyzed in two soil (sandy and clay). For each soil texture, a greenhouse experiment was established as a randomized block design with a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates. Chlorophyll index, plant height, number of tillers and panicles, dry mass of aerial parts and of grains were all affected significantly by soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose and/or by the interactions between these sources of variation. The results demonstrated that the performances of BUPs are highly dependent on soil texture. Under sandy soil, application of BUP-based fertilizers contributed to the increase or maintenance of grain production compared to that of urea alone. Whereas under clayey soil the performance of BUPs exceeded that of urea only at low nitrogen doses. Compared to urea, BUPs were more efficient under sandy soil, with potential to increase AEI. KEYWORDS: organomineral fertilizers; wood sawdust; pyrolysis; N-leaching. Uso de pellets de biochar-ureia para reduzir as perdas de nitrogênio RESUMO: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da textura do solo, formulações e doses de nitrogênio em características do arroz de terras altas, e comparar o Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (AEI) das formulações de pellets de biochar-ureia (BUP’s). Os tratamentos foram: quatro fertilizantes (três formulações de BUP e ureia) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), avaliados em dois solos de textura distinta. Para cada solo (arenoso e argiloso), foi conduzido um experimento em casa-de-vegetação em blocos casualizados em um arranjo fatorial 5 (doses) x 4 (fertilizantes), com quatro repetições. O índice de clorofila, altura de plantas, número de perfilhos, número de panículas, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de grãos tiveram diferenças significativas em função da textura do solo, fertilizantes e doses de N e/ou pelas interações entre esses fatores. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho dos BUP’s foi dependente da textura do solo, com melhores respostas no solo arenoso em relação à ureia, com potencial de elevar a eficiência agronômica da adubação nitrogenada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fertilizantes organominerais, pó de serra, pirólise, lixiviação de N. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose on the characteristics of upland rice production, and to compare the Agronomic Efficiency Index (AEI) of formulations of biochar-urea pellets (BUPs). The treatments comprised four fertilizers (three formulations of BUP and urea) and five nitrogen doses (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), analyzed in two soil (sandy and clay). For each soil texture, a greenhouse experiment was established as a randomized block design with a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates. Chlorophyll index, plant height, number of tillers and panicles, dry mass of aerial parts and of grains were all affected significantly by soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose and/or by the interactions between these sources of variation. The results demonstrated that the performances of BUPs are highly dependent on soil texture. Under sandy soil, application of BUP-based fertilizers contributed to the increase or maintenance of grain production compared to that of urea alone. Whereas under clayey soil the performance of BUPs exceeded that of urea only at low nitrogen doses. Compared to urea, BUPs were more efficient under sandy soil, with potential to increase AEI. KEYWORDS: organomineral fertilizers; wood sawdust; pyrolysis; N-leaching. Uso de pellets de biochar-ureia para reduzir as perdas de nitrogênio RESUMO: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da textura do solo, formulações e doses de nitrogênio em características do arroz de terras altas, e comparar o Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (AEI) das formulações de pellets de biochar-ureia (BUP’s). Os tratamentos foram: quatro fertilizantes (três formulações de BUP e ureia) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), avaliados em dois solos de textura distinta. Para cada solo (arenoso e argiloso), foi conduzido um experimento em casa-de-vegetação em blocos casualizados em um arranjo fatorial 5 (doses) x 4 (fertilizantes), com quatro repetições. O índice de clorofila, altura de plantas, número de perfilhos, número de panículas, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de grãos tiveram diferenças significativas em função da textura do solo, fertilizantes e doses de N e/ou pelas interações entre esses fatores. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho dos BUP’s foi dependente da textura do solo, com melhores respostas no solo arenoso em relação à ureia, com potencial de elevar a eficiência agronômica da adubação nitrogenada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fertilizantes organominerais, pó de serra, pirólise, lixiviação de N.

El treball representa un replec de conceptes ordenats que prenen sentit únicament quan es cusen. Construir una reflexió teòrica enfront de les plantes baixes, flagrant motor d'activitat per la ciutat, estableix el comerç com a fil conductor de l'exercici. Els objectius proposen dibuixar una idea sobre els requisits, limitacions i possibilitats d'aconseguir usos híbrids a planta baixa, al llarg de la vida útil dels edificis, per fer front a la crisi urbana i comercial actual. No és cap sorpresa que la temàtica escollida és oberta i sempre es troba en debat, la condició de temporalitat és irremissible de la identitat humana. El trabajo representa un repliegue de conceptos ordenados que toman sentido únicamente cuando se cosen. Construir una reflexión teórica frente a las plantas bajas, flagrante motor de actividad por la ciudad, establece el comercio como hilo conductor del ejercicio. Los objetivos proponen dibujar una idea sobre los requisitos, limitaciones y posibilidades de conseguir usos híbridos en planta baja, a lo largo de la vida útil de los edificios, para hacer frente a la actual crisis urbana y comercial. No es ninguna sorpresa que la temática escogida está abierta y siempre se encuentra en debate, la condición de temporalidad es irremisible de la identidad humana. The work represents a folding of ordered concepts that only make sense when they are sewn together. Constructing a theoretical reflection on ground floors, a blatant engine of activity in the city, establishes commerce as the guiding thread of the exercise. The objectives propose to draw an idea about the requirements, limitations and possibilities of achieving hybrid uses on the ground floor, throughout the useful life of the buildings, in order to face the current urban and commercial crisis. It is no surprise that the chosen theme is open and always under debate, the condition of temporality is an undeniable part of human identity.

Litter is an important way to contribute to nutrients stock in environments with trees, especially to the current integrated production systems, which show significant growth in terms of production area in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the climatic influence of seasonality, the face of solar exposure, and the litter collector's position and nutrient stock in integrated production systems. The litter deposition and nutrient stock was evaluated in eucalyptus cultivation from 47 to 58 months old, cultivated in a consortium with agricultural species (ILF) and pasture (IPF) at Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop, MT. The deposition correlation with climatic variables was also evaluated. The data between both systems were compared by the F test, the means were compared by Tukey test, at 5% probability. The accumulated mean total litter deposition was 0.63 t ha-1 in the ILF, 0.47 t ha-1 in the IPF. The greatest deposition and nutrients stock occurred in the ILF system. The litter production presented a seasonal pattern, with the highest deposition occurring in the dry season. Higher deposition and nutrient stock values occurred in the central line without significant variation in the deposition when compared to north and south faces. The factors of climatic seasonality, exposure face and the position of collectors influenced the deposition and nutrient stock of eucalyptus litter between the cropping systems., A serapilheira é um importante meio de contribuição ao estoque de nutrientes em ambientes com árvores, especialmente, em sistemas integrados de produção, que apresentam significativo crescimento em termos de área produtiva no país. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da sazonalidade climática, face de exposição e da posição dos coletores na deposição e estoque de nutrientes da serapilheira em sistemas integrados de produção. A deposição e o estoque de nutrientes da serapilheira foram avaliados em cultivo de eucalipto dos 47 aos 58 meses, em consórcio com cultivos agrícolas (ILF) e pastagem (IPF) na Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop, MT. Avaliou-se também a correlação da deposição com as variáveis climáticas. Os dados entre os sistemas foram comparados pelo teste F e a comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. A deposição total média acumulada de serapilheira foi de 0,63 t ha-1 no ILF, 0,47 t ha-1 no IPF. A maior deposição e estoque de nutrientes ocorreu no consórcio com cultivos agrícolas comparado a pastagem. A produção de serapilheira apresentou padrão sazonal, com maior deposição no período de seca. Valores superiores de deposição e estoque de nutrientes ocorreram na linha central das faixas das árvores sem variação significativa da deposição quando comparado a face norte e sul entre si. Os fatores de sazonalidade climática, face de exposição e a posição dos coletores influenciaram na deposição e no estoque de nutrientes da serapilheira de eucalipto entre os sistemas de cultivo.

Trabajo fin de grado en Enfermería, Introducción: La pandemia provocada por el SARS-CoV-2 ha originado múltiples conflictos éticos, entre otros, la limitación de las libertades individuales, el tratamiento de los datos, la investigación sobre medicamentos y vacunas, la distribución de recursos escasos, la posición de los profesionales sanitarios y la repercusión en la asistencia sanitaria. Superado el caos inicial de la pandemia, es momento de pararnos a reflexionar sobre lo ocurrido y aprender tanto de los aciertos como de los errores. Objetivo: Conocer cuáles han sido los principales problemas bioéticos durante la pandemia por coronavirus y la reflexión en torno a ellos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Cuiden, Scielo, CINAHL, WOS y Cochrane. Para articular las sentencias de búsqueda se emplearon los operadores booleanos y lenguaje libre y controlado. Los criterios de inclusión fueron el tipo de texto (artículos y revisiones), el idioma (español, inglés o francés) y la temporalidad (del 2020 hasta la actualidad). No hubo criterios de exclusión. Se realizó la lectura crítica de 24 documentos. Resultados y conclusiones: El racionamiento de recursos solo está justificado cuando el resto de opciones no han funcionado. Para el triaje de pacientes se debe buscar un modelo mixto que combine diferentes principios éticos y que busque un equilibrio entre equidad y eficiencia. El objetivo debe ser conseguir el máximo beneficio del mayor número de personas. La responsabilidad de la toma de decisiones difíciles no es exclusiva del equipo sanitario, las autoridades e instituciones deben establecer unas pautas y los comités de ética asesorar a los profesionales para tratar de reducir el distrés moral. Otras medidas deberán ser llevadas a cabo para garantizar el bienestar psicológico de los sanitarios, que influye en la atención prestada. Todos los pacientes (covid y no-covid) tienen derecho a ser atendidos y a una muerte digna. Para que los sistemas sanitarios logren reponerse de la crisis los gobiernos deberán acabar con la precariedad y comprometerse con el cambio., Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to several ethical issues, among others, the limitation of individual freedoms, the processing of data, the research on treatments and vaccines, the distribution of scarce resources, the position of health care workers and the impact on health care. Once the initial chaos ended, it is time to stop and reflect on what has happened and learn from successes as well as mistakes. Objective: To learn about the main bioethical issues during the pandemic and to reflect on them. Methods: A literature review was carried out by searching in PubMed, Cuiden, Scielo, CINAHL, WOS and Cochrane. Boolean operators and free and controlled language were used to articulate the search sentences. The inclusion criteria were the type of text (articles and reviews), language (Spanish, English or French) and temporality (from 2020 to present). There were no exclusion criteria. A critical reading of 24 documents was performed. Results and conclusions: Rationing scarce resources is only justified when all other options have not worked. A mixed model should be sought for patient triage, combining different ethical principles and seeking a balance between equity and efficiency. The aim should be to achieve the maximum benefit conferred when saving as many lives as possible. The responsibility for making difficult choices does not lie exclusively with the healthcare team; the authorities and institutions must establish guidelines and the ethics committees must advise professionals to reduce moral distress. Other measures should be taken to ensure the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers, which influences the care provided. All patients (covid and no-covid) have the right to be cared for and to dignified death. For healthcare systems to recover from the crisis, governments must put an end to precariousness and commit to change.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ilr-10.1177_00197939221099184 for Schooling and Parental Labor Supply: Evidence from COVID-19 School Closures in the United States by Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Miriam Marcén, Marina Morales and Almudena Sevilla in ILR Review

Trabajo fin de grado en Enfermería Introducción: La pandemia provocada por el SARS-CoV-2 ha originado múltiples conflictos éticos, entre otros, la limitación de las libertades individuales, el tratamiento de los datos, la investigación sobre medicamentos y vacunas, la distribución de recursos escasos, la posición de los profesionales sanitarios y la repercusión en la asistencia sanitaria. Superado el caos inicial de la pandemia, es momento de pararnos a reflexionar sobre lo ocurrido y aprender tanto de los aciertos como de los errores. Objetivo: Conocer cuáles han sido los principales problemas bioéticos durante la pandemia por coronavirus y la reflexión en torno a ellos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Cuiden, Scielo, CINAHL, WOS y Cochrane. Para articular las sentencias de búsqueda se emplearon los operadores booleanos y lenguaje libre y controlado. Los criterios de inclusión fueron el tipo de texto (artículos y revisiones), el idioma (español, inglés o francés) y la temporalidad (del 2020 hasta la actualidad). No hubo criterios de exclusión. Se realizó la lectura crítica de 24 documentos. Resultados y conclusiones: El racionamiento de recursos solo está justificado cuando el resto de opciones no han funcionado. Para el triaje de pacientes se debe buscar un modelo mixto que combine diferentes principios éticos y que busque un equilibrio entre equidad y eficiencia. El objetivo debe ser conseguir el máximo beneficio del mayor número de personas. La responsabilidad de la toma de decisiones difíciles no es exclusiva del equipo sanitario, las autoridades e instituciones deben establecer unas pautas y los comités de ética asesorar a los profesionales para tratar de reducir el distrés moral. Otras medidas deberán ser llevadas a cabo para garantizar el bienestar psicológico de los sanitarios, que influye en la atención prestada. Todos los pacientes (covid y no-covid) tienen derecho a ser atendidos y a una muerte digna. Para que los sistemas sanitarios logren reponerse de la crisis los gobiernos deberán acabar con la precariedad y comprometerse con el cambio. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to several ethical issues, among others, the limitation of individual freedoms, the processing of data, the research on treatments and vaccines, the distribution of scarce resources, the position of health care workers and the impact on health care. Once the initial chaos ended, it is time to stop and reflect on what has happened and learn from successes as well as mistakes. Objective: To learn about the main bioethical issues during the pandemic and to reflect on them. Methods: A literature review was carried out by searching in PubMed, Cuiden, Scielo, CINAHL, WOS and Cochrane. Boolean operators and free and controlled language were used to articulate the search sentences. The inclusion criteria were the type of text (articles and reviews), language (Spanish, English or French) and temporality (from 2020 to present). There were no exclusion criteria. A critical reading of 24 documents was performed. Results and conclusions: Rationing scarce resources is only justified when all other options have not worked. A mixed model should be sought for patient triage, combining different ethical principles and seeking a balance between equity and efficiency. The aim should be to achieve the maximum benefit conferred when saving as many lives as possible. The responsibility for making difficult choices does not lie exclusively with the healthcare team; the authorities and institutions must establish guidelines and the ethics committees must advise professionals to reduce moral distress. Other measures should be taken to ensure the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers, which influences the care provided. All patients (covid and no-covid) have the right to be cared for and to dignified death. For healthcare systems to recover from the crisis, governments must put an end to precariousness and commit to change.

Despite the notable progress that has been made in bridging the gap between women and men in the world of work, women are still underrepresented in several occupations. In this article, the effect of gender norms on whether women enter male-dominated occupations is analysed using differences in gender equality among early-arrival migrants. The variations in gender norms according to the cultural backgrounds of those migrants by country of origin are exploited to identify their impact on occupational choices. Using data from the American Community Survey, it is found that greater gender equality in the country of origin reduces the gender gap in maledominated occupations. Suggestive evidence is further shown on the roles of job flexibility and women's relative preferences for family-friendly jobs in shaping gender-based sorting across occupations.

[ES] El propósito de este Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) es emplear las tecnologías de la impresión 3D para crear un androide alimentado por una placa solar, accionado por control remoto y con capacidad para evitar colisiones. Para el diseño de las partes del androide se han empleado diversas aplicaciones CAD y de fabricación 3D. El androide estará alimentado con baterías que se recargan mediante placas solares, lo que le proporciona una mayor autonomía de funcionamiento. Un microcontrolador Arduino manejará el movimiento del androide y se le implementará un sensor ultrasónico para evitar colisiones frontales. Además, establecerá la comunicación con un dispositivo móvil que controlará al robot de forma remota (vía bluetooth) gracias a una aplicación desarrollada e instalada en dicho dispositivo., [EN] The purpose of this Final Degree Project, is to use 3D printing technologies to create an android powered by a solar panel, operated by remote control and with the ability to avoid collisions. Various CAD and 3D manufacturing applications have been used for the design of the android parts. The android will be powered by batteries that are recharged by solar panels, which gives it a greater operating autonomy. An Arduino microcontroller will handle the movement of the android and an ultrasonic sensor will be implemented to avoid frontal collisions. In addition, it will establish communication with a device that will control the robot remotely (via bluetooth) thanks to a mobile application.

Trabajo fin de Máster en Psicología General Sanitaria, En el marco del modelo de cascadas emocionales, este estudio tiene como objetivo ahondar en el campo de la desregulación comportamental en los trastornos de personalidad proponiendo modelos de mediación: Un modelo de mediación serial y un modelo de mediación múltiple en paralelo. Se comprobaron estos modelos usando dos variables independientes en una muestra compuesta por 459 usuarios de la Unidad de Trastornos de personalidad del Hospital R. Lafora: El clúster de pertenencia, previa clasificación de la muestra y la gravedad del trastorno de personalidad en una muestra general de TP y en una submuestra con diagnostico único de TLP. Como variables mediadoras se emplearon las medidas de afecto negativo y de pensamientos automáticos negativos. Como variables independientes se emplearon las medidas de tres comportamientos desregulados: Tentativa suicida, abuso de drogas y abuso de alcohol. El análisis de mediación revela una mayor potencia estadística de los modelos seriales y con ello el papel central de los pensamientos automáticos negativos en la cascada emocional. Se discuten los hallazgos e implicaciones de cara al paradigma clínico actual basado en procesos comparando los resultados obtenidos en las diferentes condiciones propuestas, Within the framework of the emotional cascades model, this study aims to delve into the field of behavioral dysregulation in personality disorders by proposing multiple mediation models: A serial mediation model and a multiple parallel model. These models were tested using two independent variables in a composed sample of 459 users of the Personality Disorders Unit of the R. Lafora Hospital: The membership cluster, previous classification of the sample and the severity of the personality disorder in a general sample of PD and in a subsample with a single diagnosis of BPD. Measures of negative affect and negative automatic thoughts were used as mediating variables. Measures of three kinds of dysregulated behaviors were used as independent variables: suicide attempt, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse. The mediation analysis reveals a greater statistical power of serial models and with it the central role of negative automatic thoughts in the emotional cascade. The results and implications of the current clinical paradigm based on processes are discussed, comparing the results obtained through the different proposed conditions

This paper explores the role of the gender equality culture in cross-country gender commuting gap differences. To avoid inter-relationships between culture, institutions, and economic conditions in a simple cross-country analysis, we adopt the epidemiological approach. We merge data from the American Time Use Survey for the years 2006–2018 on early-arrival first- and second-generation immigrants living in the United States with their corresponding annual country of ancestry’s Gender Gap Index (GGI). Because all these immigrants (with different cultural backgrounds) have grown up under the same laws, institutions, and economic conditions in the US, the gender differences among them in the time devoted to commuting to/from work can be interpreted as evidence of the existence of a cultural impact. Our results show that a culture with more gender equality in the country of ancestry may reduce the gender commuting gap of parents. Specifically, an increase of 1 standard deviation in the GGI increases women’s daily commuting time relative to men by almost 5 minutes, a sizeable effect representing 23 percent of the standard deviation in the gender commuting gap across countries of ancestry. A supplementary analysis provides possible mechanisms through which culture operates and is transmitted, showing the potential existence of horizontal transmission and the importance of the presence of children in commuting. Our results are robust to the use of different subsamples, geographical controls, and selection into employment and telework.

The aim of this paper is to analyze whether parents'' decision about owning one''s own dwelling may be an important determinant of the future homeownership decisions of their children in Spain. To address this issue, we use data from the Survey of Living Conditions (2011). Our results confirm the intergenerational transmission of homeownership decisions in Spain, in such a way that the probability that the respondent owns their home is determined, although not exclusively, by their parents'' homeownership decision.