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5. Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance

Author

Brito, AF, Semonva, E, Dudas, G, Hassler, GW, Kalinich, CC, Kraemer, MUG, Ho, J, Houriyah, T, Githinji, G, Agoti, CN, Matkin, LE, Whittaker, C, Bulgarian SARS-CoV-2 sequencing group, Communicable Diseases Genomics Network (Australia and New Zealand), COVID-19 Impact Project, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium, Fiocruz COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Network, GISAID core curation team, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA), Swiss SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Consortium, Howden, BP, Sintchenko, V, Zuckerman, NS, Mor, O, Blankenship, HM, De Oliveira, T, Lin, RTP, Siqueira, MM, Resende, PC, Vasconcelos, TR, Spilki, FR, Aguiar, RS, Alexiev, I, Ivanov, IN, Philipova, I, Carrington, CVF, Sahadeo, NSD, Branda, B, Gurry, C, Maurer-Stroh, S, Naidoo, D, Von Eije, KJ, Perkins, MD, Von Kerkhove, M, Hill, SC, Sabino, EC, Pybus, OG, Dye, C, Bhatt, S, Flaxman, S, Suchard, MA, Grubaugh, ND, Baele, G, Faria, NM, Medical Research Council-São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Subjects
Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa, Communicable Diseases Genomics Network (Australia and New Zealand), Communicable Diseases Genomics Network, Fiocruz COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Network, Vaccine Related, Biodefense, Genetics, Humans, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium, Viral, Pandemics, Swiss SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Consortium, Genome, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA), SARS-CoV-2, Prevention, Human Genome, COVID-19, Genomics, Bulgarian SARS-CoV-2 sequencing group, GISAID core curation team, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19 Impact Project, Immunization, Infection
Abstract

Genomic sequencing is essential to track the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2, optimize molecular tests, treatments, vaccines, and guide public health responses. To investigate the global SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, we used sequences shared via GISAID to estimate the impact of sequencing intensity and turnaround times on variant detection in 189 countries. In the first two years of the pandemic, 78% of high-income countries sequenced >0.5% of their COVID-19 cases, while 42% of low- and middle-income countries reached that mark. Around 25% of the genomes from high income countries were submitted within 21 days, a pattern observed in 5% of the genomes from low- and middle-income countries. We found that sequencing around 0.5% of the cases, with a turnaround time

Published
2022

8. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 with grinch.

Author

O'Toole, Á, Hill, V, Pybus, OG, Watts, A, Bogoch, II, Khan, K, Messina, JP, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA), Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network, Tegally, H, Lessells, RR, Giandhari, J, Pillay, S, Tumedi, KA, Nyepetsi, G, Kebabonye, M, Matsheka, M, Mine, M, Tokajian, S, Hassan, H, Salloum, T, Merhi, G, Koweyes, J, Geoghegan, JL, de Ligt, J, Ren, X, Storey, M, Freed, NE, Pattabiraman, C, Prasad, P, Desai, AS, Vasanthapuram, R, Schulz, TF, Steinbrück, L, Stadler, T, Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium, Parisi, A, Bianco, A, García de Viedma, D, Buenestado-Serrano, S, Borges, V, Isidro, J, Duarte, S, Gomes, JP, Zuckerman, NS, Mandelboim, M, Mor, O, Seemann, T, Arnott, A, Draper, J, Gall, M, Rawlinson, W, Deveson, I, Schlebusch, S, McMahon, J, Leong, L, Lim, CK, Chironna, M, Loconsole, D, Bal, A, Josset, L, Holmes, E, St George, K, Lasek-Nesselquist, E, Sikkema, RS, Oude Munnink, B, Koopmans, M, Brytting, M, Sudha Rani, V, Pavani, S, Smura, T, Heim, A, Kurkela, S, Umair, M, Salman, M, Bartolini, B, Rueca, M, Drosten, C, Wolff, T, Silander, O, Eggink, D, Reusken, C, Vennema, H, Park, A, Carrington, C, Sahadeo, N, Carr, M, Gonzalez, G, SEARCH Alliance San Diego, National Virus Reference Laboratory, SeqCOVID-Spain, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC), Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN), Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program, Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA), de Oliveira, T, Faria, N, Rambaut, A, Kraemer, MUG, O'Toole, Á, Hill, V, Pybus, OG, Watts, A, Bogoch, II, Khan, K, Messina, JP, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA), Brazil-UK CADDE Genomic Network, Tegally, H, Lessells, RR, Giandhari, J, Pillay, S, Tumedi, KA, Nyepetsi, G, Kebabonye, M, Matsheka, M, Mine, M, Tokajian, S, Hassan, H, Salloum, T, Merhi, G, Koweyes, J, Geoghegan, JL, de Ligt, J, Ren, X, Storey, M, Freed, NE, Pattabiraman, C, Prasad, P, Desai, AS, Vasanthapuram, R, Schulz, TF, Steinbrück, L, Stadler, T, Swiss Viollier Sequencing Consortium, Parisi, A, Bianco, A, García de Viedma, D, Buenestado-Serrano, S, Borges, V, Isidro, J, Duarte, S, Gomes, JP, Zuckerman, NS, Mandelboim, M, Mor, O, Seemann, T, Arnott, A, Draper, J, Gall, M, Rawlinson, W, Deveson, I, Schlebusch, S, McMahon, J, Leong, L, Lim, CK, Chironna, M, Loconsole, D, Bal, A, Josset, L, Holmes, E, St George, K, Lasek-Nesselquist, E, Sikkema, RS, Oude Munnink, B, Koopmans, M, Brytting, M, Sudha Rani, V, Pavani, S, Smura, T, Heim, A, Kurkela, S, Umair, M, Salman, M, Bartolini, B, Rueca, M, Drosten, C, Wolff, T, Silander, O, Eggink, D, Reusken, C, Vennema, H, Park, A, Carrington, C, Sahadeo, N, Carr, M, Gonzalez, G, SEARCH Alliance San Diego, National Virus Reference Laboratory, SeqCOVID-Spain, Danish Covid-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC), Communicable Diseases Genomic Network (CDGN), Dutch National SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program, Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases (KDCA), de Oliveira, T, Faria, N, Rambaut, A, and Kraemer, MUG

Abstract

Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.

Published
2021

15. Expression prevalence and dynamics of GPCR somatostatin receptors 2 and 3 as cancer biomarkers beyond NET: a paired immunohistochemistry approach

Author

Mor Oron-Herman, David Kirmayer, Amelie Lupp, Stefan Schulz, Genady Kostenich, and Michel Afargan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Somatostatin receptors are clinically validated GPCR biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of various neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Among the five somatostatin receptors, SST2 and SST3 are associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, making these receptor subtypes better differentiated targets in precision oncology. In this study we performed immunohistochemistry of paired tissue microarrays containing 1125 cores, representing 43 tumor types, each stained for SST2 and SST3. A 12-point immunoreactive scoring (IRS) range was used for interpretation of the staining results. We analyzed the results twice, using the conventional positivity IRS cutoffs ≥ 3 and more stringent ≥ 6. Evaluation of receptors expression dynamics was performed for tumor-nodes-metastases (TNM) defined subgroups (ovarian and hepatocellular adenocarcinomas) as a function of their tumor stage. Our results indicate that two-thirds of tested cores exhibit clinically significant expression of at least SST2 or SST3 (IRS ≥ 6). The expression prevalence of both receptors tends to decline with tumor progression. However, an unexpected upregulation of both SST2 and SST3 reemerged in metastases suggesting conserved receptors genetic potential during tumor life cycle. We suggest that SST2 and SST3 should be further explored as potential biomarkers and therapeutic tools for maximizing the efficiency of somatostatin-based precision oncology of solid tumors beyond NET.

Published
2023
Full Text
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18. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

Author

Moutschen, M., Hofstra, Laura Marije Arije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van, de Vijver, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios N., Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Zidovec Lepej, Snjezana, Boucher, Charles A. B., Schmit, Jean-Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M. J., Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. -C, Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. -C, Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P. R., Van, den Heuvel, Van, Der Gucht, Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Lepej, S. Z., Begovac, J., Demetriades, Ioannis, Kousiappa, Ioanna, Demetriou, Victoria L., Hezka, Johana, Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Hatzakis, Angelos E., Zavitsanou, Assimina, Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, Marios C., Chini, Maria C., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, Sofia, Paparizos, Vassilios A., Antoniadou, Anastasia C., Papadopoulos, Antonios I., Poulakou, Garyphallia G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, Georgios, Drimis, Stylianos, Gargalianos, Panagiotis, Xylomenos, Georgios, Lourida, G., Psichogiou, Mina A., Daikos, George L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, Athanasios N., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, Georgios, Sambatakou, H., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, Periklis, Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., de Luca, A., Balotta, Claudia, Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M. J., Boucher, C. A. B., van, de Vijver, van Kessel, A., van Bentum, P. H. M., Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., van, der Ende, Hoepelman, I. M., van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M. W. J., Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., van, de Ven, Kran, A. -M B., Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, Ricardo J., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, Dunja Z., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., de Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, Natalia C., de, los Santos, Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elıás, Marıá Jesús Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., de, la Torre, Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, Per, Säll, C., Mellgren, Å., Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Van Kessel, A., Clinical sciences, Microbiology and Infection Control, Supporting clinical sciences, Clinicum, Department of Medicine, Virology, Cohorte de Adultos de la Red de Investigación en SIDA, Spain., SPREAD Program, [Hofstra,LM, Sauvageot,N, Struck,D, Schmit,JC ] Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg. [Hofstra,LM, Wensing,AMJ] Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Albert,J, Sönnerborg,A] Karolinska Institute, Solna. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. [Alexiev,I, Beshkov,D] National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Garcia,F] Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Instituto de Investigación IBS Granada, Spain. [Van de Vijver,DAMC, Boucher,CAB] Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. [Åsjö,B] University of Bergen, Norway. [Coughlan,S] University College Dublin, Ireland. [Descamps,D] AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard. IAME INSERM UMR 1137. Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. [Griskevicius,A] Lithuanian AIDS Center, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Hamouda,O] Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. [Horban,A] Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland. [Van Kasteren,M] St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands. [Kolupajeva,T] Infectiology Center of Latvia, Riga. [Kostrikis,LG] University of Cyprus, Nicosia. [Liitsola,K] Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. [Linka,M] National Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic. [Mor,O] National HIV Reference Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. [Nielsen,C] Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Otelea,D] National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Prof. dr. Matei Bals', Bucharest, Romania. [Paraskevis,D] National Retrovirus Reference Center, University of Athens, Greece. [Paredes,R] IrsiCaixa Foundation, Badalona, Spain. [Poljak,M] Faculty of Medicine, Slovenian HIV/AIDS Reference Centre, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Puchhammer-Stöckl,E] Medical University Vienna, Austria. [Staneková,D] Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Stanojevic,M] Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. [Van Laethem,K] Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium. [Zazzi,M] University of Siena, Italy. [Zidovec Lepej,S] University Hospital for Infectious Diseases 'Dr. Fran Mihaljevic', Zagreb, Croatia., This work was supported by a CORE grant of Fond National de la Recherche Luxembourg (grant number C12/BM/4011111–HIV molecular epidemiology in Europe). This work has been partially supported by the European Commission (fifth framework, grant number QLK2-CT-2001-01344, sixth framework, grant number LSHP-CT-2006-518211, DynaNets grant number 233847, seventh framework, CHAIN grant number 223131), Belgium: Belgian AIDS Reference Laboratory Fund, Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (grant number G.0692.14), Cyprus: Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation (grant number Health/0104/22), Denmark: Danish AIDS Foundation, France: Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hepatites Virales, Germany: Ministry of Health (grant number 1502-686-18), Ministry of Education and Research (grant number 01KI501), Italy: Fifth National Program on HIV/AIDS, Instituto Superiore di Sanità (grant numbers 40F.56 and 20D.1.6), Luxembourg: Fondation Recherche sur le SiDA and Ministry of Health, Republic of Serbia: Ministry of Education and Science (grant number 175024), Slovakia: project 'Center of Excellence of Environmental Health,' ITMS number 26240120033, based on supporting operational research and development program financed from the European Regional Development Fund, and Sweden: Swedish Research Council and Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency., APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Graduate School, Hofstra, LM, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, Van de Vijver, DA, Åsjö, B, Beshkov, D, Coughlan, S, Descamps, D, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, Van Kasteren, M, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stöckl, E, Sönnerborg, A, Staneková, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zazzi, M, Lepej, SZ, Boucher, CA, Schmit, JC, Wensing, AM, SPREAD program investigators, including Vitale F and Tramuto, F, Vandamme, Annemie, Vercauteren, Jurgen, Schrooten, Yoeri, Van Ranst, Marc, Van Wijngaerden, Eric, Derdelinckx, Inge, Camacho, Ricardo Jorge, Kostrikis, Leontios G. [0000-0002-5340-7109], and Paraskevis, Dimitrios [0000-0001-6167-7152]

Subjects
Male, Human immunodeficiency virus 1, Etravirine, RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor, darunavir, HIV Infections, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Salud pública, genetics, Inhibidores de proteasas, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings], atazanavir, media_common, transmission, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings], 3. Good health, microbial sensitivity test, priority journal, Europe, HIV-1, antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance, HIV/AIDS, lamivudine, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, Drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, antiviral susceptibility, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings], media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, HIV Infections/drug therapy, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings], Microbial Sensitivity Tests, RILPIVIRINE, Article, EFAVIRENZ, 03 medical and health sciences, transmitted drug resistance, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Transmission, human, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings], REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS, Rilpivirina, INTEGRASE, MUTATIONS, abacavir, major clinical study, Virology, Infecciones por VIH, Regimen, Antiretroviral therapy, Drug resistance, Medicine (all), Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings], Mutation, 0301 basic medicine, nevirapine, Communicable diseases, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings], chemistry.chemical_compound, antiviral therapy, INFECTION, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings], Viral, Non-U.S. Gov't, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, antiretrovirus agent, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Middle Aged, virology, PREVALENCE, Encuestas y Cuestionarios, ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT, HIV-1/drug effects, HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology, Rilpivirine, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings], Female, HIV drug resistance, medicine.drug, Adult, Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings], Efavirenz, Anti-HIV Agents, Research Support, Resistencia a medicamentos, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, antiviral resistance, Internal medicine, Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral, Journal Article, medicine, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings], abacavir plus lamivudine, Europa (Continente), HIV Protease Inhibitors, emtricitabine, nonhuman, Intervalos de confianza, Mutación, business.industry, HIV, prediction, Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa, Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, tenofovir, INDIVIDUALS, Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics, Benzoxazinas, ETRAVIRINE, drug effects, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Prevalencia, business
Abstract

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors., Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%–9.5%) in 2008–2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.

Published
2016

19. Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe

Author

Colagrossi, L. Hermans, L.E. Salpini, R. Di Carlo, D. Pas, S.D. Alvarez, M. Ben-Ari, Z. Boland, G. Bruzzone, B. Coppola, N. Seguin-Devaux, C. Dyda, T. Garcia, F. Kaiser, R. Köse, S. Krarup, H. Lazarevic, I. Lunar, M.M. Maylin, S. Micheli, V. Mor, O. Paraschiv, S. Paraskevis, D. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Simon, F. Stanojevic, M. Stene-Johansen, K. Tihic, N. Trimoulet, P. Verheyen, J. Vince, A. Lepej, S.Z. Weis, N. Yalcinkaya, T. Boucher, C.A.B. Wensing, A.M.J. Perno, C.F. Svicher, V. HEPVIR working group of the European Society for translational antiviral research (ESAR)

Abstract

Background: HBsAg immune-escape mutations can favor HBV-transmission also in vaccinated individuals, promote immunosuppression-driven HBV-reactivation, and increase fitness of drug-resistant strains. Stop-codons can enhance HBV oncogenic-properties. Furthermore, as a consequence of the overlapping structure of HBV genome, some immune-escape mutations or stop-codons in HBsAg can derive from drug-resistance mutations in RT. This study is aimed at gaining insight in prevalence and characteristics of immune-associated escape mutations, and stop-codons in HBsAg in chronically HBV-infected patients experiencing nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) in Europe. Methods: This study analyzed 828 chronically HBV-infected European patients exposed to ≥ 1 NA, with detectable HBV-DNA and with an available HBsAg-sequence. The immune-associated escape mutations and the NA-induced immune-escape mutations sI195M, sI196S, and sE164D (resulting from drug-resistance mutation rtM204 V, rtM204I, and rtV173L) were retrieved from literature and examined. Mutations were defined as an aminoacid substitution with respect to a genotype A or D reference sequence. Results: At least one immune-associated escape mutation was detected in 22.1% of patients with rising temporal-trend. By multivariable-analysis, genotype-D correlated with higher selection of ≥ 1 immune-associated escape mutation (OR[95%CI]:2.20[1.32-3.67], P = 0.002). In genotype-D, the presence of ≥ 1 immune-associated escape mutations was significantly higher in drug-exposed patients with drug-resistant strains than with wild-type virus (29.5% vs 20.3% P = 0.012). Result confirmed by analysing drug-naïve patients (29.5% vs 21.2%, P = 0.032). Strong correlation was observed between sP120T and rtM204I/V (P < 0.001), and their co-presence determined an increased HBV-DNA. At least one NA-induced immune-escape mutation occurred in 28.6% of patients, and their selection correlated with genotype-A (OR[95%CI]:2.03[1.32-3.10],P = 0.001). Finally, stop-codons are present in 8.4% of patients also at HBsAg-positions 172 and 182, described to enhance viral oncogenic-properties. Conclusions: Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons develop in a large fraction of NA-exposed patients from Europe. This may represent a potential threat for horizontal and vertical HBV transmission also to vaccinated persons, and fuel drug-resistance emergence. © 2018 The Author(s).

Published
2018

20. HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Author

Pineda-Peña, A.-C. Theys, K. Stylianou, D.C. Demetriades, I. Puchhammer, E. Vandamme, A.-M. Aleksiev, I. Lepej, S.Z. Linka, M. Fonager, J. Liitsola, K. Kaiser, R. Hamouda, O. Paraskevis, D. Coughlan, S. Grossman, Z. Mor, O. Zazzi, M. Griskevicius, A. Lipnickiene, V. Devaux, C. Boucher, C. Hofstra, M. Wensing, A. Bakken-Kran, A.-M. Horban, A. Camacho, R. Paraschiv, S. Otelea, D. Stanojevic, M. Stanekova, D. Poljak, M. Garcia, F. Paredes, R. Albert, J. Abecasis, A.B. Kostrikis, L.G.

Subjects
virus diseases
Abstract

Since HIV-1 treatment is increasingly considered an effective preventionstrategy, it is important to study local HIV-1 epidemics to formulate tailored preventionpolicies. The prevalence of HIV-1 in Cyprus was historically low until 2005. To investigatethe shift in epidemiological trends, we studied the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Cyprususing a densely sampled Cypriot HIV-1 transmission cohort that included 85 percent ofHIV-1-infected individuals linked to clinical care between 1986 and 2012 based on detailedclinical, epidemiological, behavioral and HIV-1 genetic information. Subtyping andtransmission cluster reconstruction were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesianmethods, and the transmission chain network was linked to the clinical, epidemiological andbehavioral data. The results reveal that for the main HIV-1 subtype A1 and B sub-epidemics,young and drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Cyprus are driving the dynamics of thelocal HIV-1 epidemic. The results of this study provide a better understanding of thedynamics of the HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which may impact the development of preventionstrategies. Furthermore, this methodology for analyzing densely sampled transmissiondynamics is applicable to other geographic regions to implement effective HIV-1 preventionstrategies in local settings. © 2018 The Author(s).

Published
2018

25. Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe

Author

Colagrossi, L. (Luna), Hermans, L.E. (Lucas Etienne), Salpini, R. (Romina), Di Carlo, D., Pas, S.D. (Suzan), Alvarez, M.R. (Marta), Ben Ari, Z. (Ziv), Boland, G.J. (Greet), Bruzzone, B. (Bianca), Coppola, N. (Nicola), Seguin-Devaux, C., Dyda, T. (Tomasz), Garcia, F. (Federico), Kaiser, R. (Rolf), Köse, S. (Sukran), Krarup, H.B. (H.), Lazarevic, I. (Ivana), Lunar, M.M. (Maja M.), Maylin, S. (Sarah), Micheli, V. (Valeria), Mor, O. (Orna), Paraschiv, C. (Corina), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Simon, F. (François), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stene-Johansen, K. (Kathrine), Tihic, N. (Nijaz), Trimoulet, P. (Pascale), Verheyen, J. (Jens), Vince, A. (Adriana), Lepej, S.Z. (Snjezana), Weis, N. (Nina), Yalcinkaya, T. (Tülay), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Wensing, A. (Amj), Perno, C.F. (Carlo), Svicher, V. (Valentina), Colagrossi, L. (Luna), Hermans, L.E. (Lucas Etienne), Salpini, R. (Romina), Di Carlo, D., Pas, S.D. (Suzan), Alvarez, M.R. (Marta), Ben Ari, Z. (Ziv), Boland, G.J. (Greet), Bruzzone, B. (Bianca), Coppola, N. (Nicola), Seguin-Devaux, C., Dyda, T. (Tomasz), Garcia, F. (Federico), Kaiser, R. (Rolf), Köse, S. (Sukran), Krarup, H.B. (H.), Lazarevic, I. (Ivana), Lunar, M.M. (Maja M.), Maylin, S. (Sarah), Micheli, V. (Valeria), Mor, O. (Orna), Paraschiv, C. (Corina), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. (Elisabeth), Simon, F. (François), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stene-Johansen, K. (Kathrine), Tihic, N. (Nijaz), Trimoulet, P. (Pascale), Verheyen, J. (Jens), Vince, A. (Adriana), Lepej, S.Z. (Snjezana), Weis, N. (Nina), Yalcinkaya, T. (Tülay), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Wensing, A. (Amj), Perno, C.F. (Carlo), and Svicher, V. (Valentina)

Abstract

Background: HBsAg immune-escape mutations can favor HBV-transmission also in vaccinated individuals, promote immunosuppression-driven HBV-reactivation, and increase fitness of drug-resistant strains. Stop-codons can enhance HBV oncogenic-properties. Furthermore, as a consequence of the overlapping structure of HBV genome, some immune-escape mutations or stop-codons in HBsAg can derive from drug-resistance mutations in RT. This study is aimed at gaining insight in prevalence and characteristics of immune-associated escape mutations, and stop-codons in HBsAg in chronically HBV-infected patients experiencing nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) in Europe. Methods: This study analyzed 828 chronically HBV-infected European patients exposed to ≥ 1 NA, with detectable HBV-DNA and with an available HBsAg-sequence. The immune-associated escape mutations and the NA-induced immune-escape mutations sI195M, sI196S, and sE164D (resulting from drug-resistance mutation rtM204 V, rtM204I, and rtV173L) were retrieved from literature and examined. Mutations were defined as an aminoacid substitution with respect to a genotype A or D reference sequence. Results: At least one immune-associated escape mutation was detected in 22.1% of patients with rising temporal-trend. By multivariable-analysis, genotype-D correlated with higher selection of ≥ 1 immune-associated escape mutation (OR[95%CI]:2.20[1.32-3.67], P = 0.002). In genotype-D, the presence of ≥ 1 immune-associated escape mutations was significantly higher in drug-exposed patients with drug-resistant strains than with wild-type virus (29.5% vs 20.3% P = 0.012). Result confirmed by anal

Published
2018
Full Text
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26. HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Author

Pineda-Peña, A.-C. (Andrea-Clemencia), Theys, K. (Kristof), Stylianou, D.C. (Dora C.), Demetriades, I. (I.), Puchhammer, E. (Elisabeth), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Aleksiev, I. (Ivailo), Lepej, S.Z. (Snjezana), Linka, M. (Marek), Fonager, J. (Jannik), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Kaiser, R. (Rolf), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Mor, O. (Orna), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Lipnickiene, V., Devaux, C. (Carole), Boucher, C. (Charles), Hofstra, M. (Marije), Wensing, A. (Amj), Bakken-Kran, A.-M. (Anne-Marte), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Paraschiv, C. (Corina), Otelea, D. (Dan), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Poljak, M. (Mario), Garcia, F. (Federico), Paredes, R. (Roger), Albert, J. (Jan), Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Pineda-Peña, A.-C. (Andrea-Clemencia), Theys, K. (Kristof), Stylianou, D.C. (Dora C.), Demetriades, I. (I.), Puchhammer, E. (Elisabeth), Vandamme, A.M. (Anne Mieke), Aleksiev, I. (Ivailo), Lepej, S.Z. (Snjezana), Linka, M. (Marek), Fonager, J. (Jannik), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Kaiser, R. (Rolf), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Grossman, Z. (Zehava), Mor, O. (Orna), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Lipnickiene, V., Devaux, C. (Carole), Boucher, C. (Charles), Hofstra, M. (Marije), Wensing, A. (Amj), Bakken-Kran, A.-M. (Anne-Marte), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Camacho, R.J. (Ricardo Jorge), Paraschiv, C. (Corina), Otelea, D. (Dan), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Poljak, M. (Mario), Garcia, F. (Federico), Paredes, R. (Roger), Albert, J. (Jan), Abecasis, A.B. (Ana), and Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios)

Abstract

Since HIV-1 treatment is increasingly considered an effective preventionstrategy, it is important to study local HIV-1 epidemics to formulate tailored preventionpolicies. The prevalence of HIV-1 in Cyprus was historically low until 2005. To investigatethe shift in epidemiological trends, we studied the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Cyprususing a densely sampled Cypriot HIV-1 transmission cohort that included 85 percent ofHIV-1-infected individuals linked to clinical care between 1986 and 2012 based on detailedclinical, epidemiological, behavioral and HIV-1 genetic information. Subtyping andtransmission cluster reconstruction were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesianmethods, and the transmission chain network was linked to the clinical, epidemiological andbehavioral data. The results reveal that for the main HIV-1 subtype A1 and B sub-epidemics,young and drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Cyprus are driving the dynamics of thelocal HIV-1 epidemic. The results of this study provide a better understanding of thedynamics of the HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which may impact the development of preventionstrategies. Furthermore, this methodology for analyzing densely sampled transmissiondynamics is applicable to other geographic regions to implement effective HIV-1 preventionstrategies in local settings.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Author

Pineda-Peña, AC, Theys, K, Stylianou, D C, Demetriades, I, Puchhammer, E, Vandamme, AM, Aleksiev, I, Lepej, SZ, Linka, M, Fonager, J, Liitsola, K, Kaiser, R, Hamouda, O, Paraskevis, D, Coughlan, S, Grossman, Z, Mor, O, Zazzi, M, Griskevicius, A, Lipnickiene, V, Devaux, C, Boucher, Charles, Hofstra, M, Wensing, A, Bakken-Kran, AM, Horban, A, Camacho, R, Paraschiv, S, Otelea, D, Stanojevic, M, Stanekova, D, Poljak, M, Garcia, F, Paredes, R, Albert, J, Abecasis, AB, Kostrikis, LG, Pineda-Peña, AC, Theys, K, Stylianou, D C, Demetriades, I, Puchhammer, E, Vandamme, AM, Aleksiev, I, Lepej, SZ, Linka, M, Fonager, J, Liitsola, K, Kaiser, R, Hamouda, O, Paraskevis, D, Coughlan, S, Grossman, Z, Mor, O, Zazzi, M, Griskevicius, A, Lipnickiene, V, Devaux, C, Boucher, Charles, Hofstra, M, Wensing, A, Bakken-Kran, AM, Horban, A, Camacho, R, Paraschiv, S, Otelea, D, Stanojevic, M, Stanekova, D, Poljak, M, Garcia, F, Paredes, R, Albert, J, Abecasis, AB, and Kostrikis, LG

Published
2018

28. Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe

Author

Colagrossi, L, Hermans, Lucas, Salpini, R, Di Carlo, D, Pas, Suzan, Alvarez, M, Ben-Ari, Z, Boland, G, Bruzzone, B, Coppola, N, Seguin-Devaux, C, Dyda, T, Garcia, F, Kaiser, R, Kose, S, Krarup, H, Lazarevic, I, Lunar, MM, Maylin, S, Micheli, V, Mor, O, Paraschiv, S, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Simon, F, Stanojevic, M, Stene-Johansen, K, Tihic, N, Trimoulet, P, Verheyen, J, Vince, A, Lepej, SZ, Weis, N, Yalcinkaya, T, Boucher, Charles, Wensing, AMJ, Perno, CF, Svicher, V, Colagrossi, L, Hermans, Lucas, Salpini, R, Di Carlo, D, Pas, Suzan, Alvarez, M, Ben-Ari, Z, Boland, G, Bruzzone, B, Coppola, N, Seguin-Devaux, C, Dyda, T, Garcia, F, Kaiser, R, Kose, S, Krarup, H, Lazarevic, I, Lunar, MM, Maylin, S, Micheli, V, Mor, O, Paraschiv, S, Paraskevis, D, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Simon, F, Stanojevic, M, Stene-Johansen, K, Tihic, N, Trimoulet, P, Verheyen, J, Vince, A, Lepej, SZ, Weis, N, Yalcinkaya, T, Boucher, Charles, Wensing, AMJ, Perno, CF, and Svicher, V

Published
2018

31. New findings in {HCV} genotype distribution in selected {West European}, {Russian} and {Israeli} regions

Author

Kartashev, Vladimir, Döring, Matthias, Nieto, Leonardo, Coletta, Eleda, Kaiser, Rolf, Sierra, Saleta, HCV EuResist Study group, Guerrero, A., Stoiber, H., Paar, C., Vandamme, A. M., Nevens, F., Ranst, M. Van, Cuypers, L., Braun, P., Ehret, R., Obermeier, M., Schneeweiss, S., Scholten, S., Römer, K., Isernhagen, K., Qurashi, N., Heger, E., Knops, E., Neumann-Fraune, M., Timm, J., Walker, A., Lübke, N., Wedemeyer, H., Wiesch, J. Schulze zur, Lütgehetmann, M., Polywka, S., Däumer, M., Hoffmann, D., Protzer, U., Marascio, N., Foca, A., Liberto, M. C., Barreca, G. S., Galati, L., Torti, C., Pisani, V., Perno, C. F., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Cento, V., Ciotti, M., Zazzi, M., Rossetti, A., De Luca, A., Caudai, C., Mor, O., Devaux, C., Staub, T., Araujo, F., Gomes, P., Cabanas, J., Markin, N., Khomenko, I., Govorukhina, M., Lugovskaya, G., Dontsov, D., Mas, A., Martró, E., Saludes, V., Rodríguez-Frías, F., García, F., Casas, P., Iglesia, A. de la, Alados, J. C., Pena-López, M. J., Rodríguez, M. J., Galán, J. C., Suárez, A., Cardeñoso, L., Guerrero, M. D., Vegas-Dominguez, C., Blas-Espada, J., García, R., García-Bujalance, S., Benítez-Gutiérrez, L., Mendoza, C. de, Montiel, N., Santos, J., Viciana, I., Delgado, A., Martínez-Sanchez, P. A., Fernández-Alonso, M., Reina, G., Trigo, M., Echeverría, M. J., Aguilera, A., Navarro, D., Bernal, S., Lozano, M. C., Fernández-Cuenca, F., Orduña, A., Eiros, J. M., Ortíz de Lejarazu, R., Martínez-Sapiña, A. M., García-Díaz, A., and Haque, T.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C virus, 030106 microbiology, medicine.disease_cause, HCV, Molecular epidemiology, Transmission, Aged, Europe, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Humans, Israel, Middle Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Russia, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Epidemiology, Medicine, Young adult, Chronic, Genotyping, biology, business.industry, Hepatitis C, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Demography
Abstract

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). BACKGROUND: HCV affects 185 million people worldwide and leads to death and morbidities. HCV has a high genetic diversity and is classified into seven genotypes and 67 subtypes. Novel anti-HCV drugs (Direct-Acting-Antivirals) eligibility, resistance and cure rates depend on HCV geno/subtype (GT). OBJECTIVES: Analysis of epidemiological information and viral GT from patients undergoing viral genotyping in 2011-2015. STUDY DESIGN: Anonymized information from 52 centers was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: 37,839 samples were included in the study. We show that the GT distribution is similar throughout Western European countries, with some local differences. Here GTs 1 and 2 prevalences are lower and of GT4 higher than in all previous reports. Israel has a unique GT pattern and in South Russia the GT proportions are more similar to Asia. GTs 5 and 6 were detected in very low proportions. Three cases of the recombinant genotype P were reported in Munich (Germany). In addition, we observed that GT proportion was dependant on patientś gender, age and transmission route: GTs 1b and 2 were significantly more common in female, older, nosocomially-infected patients, while GTs 1a, 3 and 4 were more frequent in male, younger patients infected by tattooing, drug consume, and/or sexual practices. In infections acquired by drug consume, GTs 1a (35.0%) and 3 (28.1%) prevailed. In infections related to sexual practices lower proportion of GT3 (14.0%) and higher of GT4 (20.2%) were detected. GT4 was mostly abundant in MSM (29.6%). HIV coinfection was significantly associated with higher proportions GTs 1a and 4 (42.5% and 19.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Genotype prevalence evolves and correlates to epidemiological factors. Continuous surveillance is necessary to better assess hepatitis C infection in Europe and to take appropriate actions info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2016

34. Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

Author

Gregson, J, Tang, M, Ndembi, N, Hamers, Rl, Marconi, Vc, Brooks, K, Theys, K, Arruda, M, Garcia, F, Monge, S, Kanki, Pj, Kumarasamy, N, Kerschberger, B, Mor, O, Charpentier, C, Todesco, E, Rokx, C, Gras, L, Halvas, Ek, Sunpath, H, Carlo, Dd, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Latini, A, Mussini, C, Aghokeng, A, Sonnerborg, A, Neogi, U, Fessel, Wj, Agolory, S, Yang, C, Blanco, Jl, Juma, Jm, Smit, E, Schmidt, D, Watera, C, Asio, J, Kirungi, W, Tostevin, A, Clumeck, N, Goedhals, D, Bester, Pa, Sabin, C, Mukui, I, Santoro, M, Perno, Cf, Hunt, G, Morris, L, Pillay, D, Schulter, E, Reyes-Teran, G, Romero, K, Avila-Rios, S, Sirivichayakul, S, Ruxrungtham, K, Mekprasan, S, Dunn, D, Kaleebu, P, Raizes, E, Kantor, R, Gupta, Rk, Rhee, S, Shafer, Rw, de Wit, Tfr, Diero, L, Camacho, R, Gunthard, Hf, Hoffmann, Cj, Di Carlo, D, El-Hay, T, van Vuuren, C, de Oliveira, T, Murakami-Ogasawara, A, [Pillay, Deenan] UCL, Dept Infect, London WC1E 6BT, England, [Gupta, Ravindra K.] UCL, Dept Infect, London WC1E 6BT, England, [Tang, Michele] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, [Rhee, Soo-Yon] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, [Shafer, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, [Gregson, John] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Stat, London, England, [Ndembi, Nicaise] Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital, Nigeria, [Hamers, Raph L.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Global Hlth & Dev, Dept Global Hlth, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Hamers, Raph L.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA, [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA, [Diero, Lameck] Moi Univ, Eldoret, Kenya, [Diero, Lameck] Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya, [Brooks, Katherine] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA, [Theys, Kristof] KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [Camacho, Ricardo] KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [Kantor, Rami] KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [Arruda, Monica] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, LVM, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, [Garcia, Frederico] Complejo Hosp Univ Granada, Granada, Spain, Univ Alcala de Henares, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain, [Monge, Susana] CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain, [Gunthard, Huldrych F.] Univ Zurich, Div Infect Dis & Hosp Epidemiol, Zurich, Switzerland, [Gunthard, Huldrych F.] Univ Zurich, Inst Med Virol, Zurich, Switzerland, [Hoffmann, Christopher J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA, [Hoffmann, Christopher J.] Aurum Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Kanki, Phyllis J.] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Kumarasamy, Nagalingeshwaran] VHS, YRGCARE Med Ctr, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, [Kerschberger, Bernard] Med Sans Frontieres Operat Ctr Geneva, Mbabane, Eswatini, [Mor, Orna] Israel Minist Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Cent Virol Lab, Jerusalem, Israel, [Charpentier, Charlotte] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France, [Charpentier, Charlotte] INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France, [Charpentier, Charlotte] Hop Bichat Claude Bernard, AP HP, Virol Lab, F-75018 Paris, France, [Todesco, Eva] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Lab Virol, Paris, France, [Rokx, Casper] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med Infect Dis, Rotterdam, Netherlands, [Gras, Luuk] Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Halvas, Elias K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA, [Sunpath, Henry] Ethekwini Dist Hlth Off, Kwa Zulu, South Africa, [Di Carlo, Domenico] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Surg, Rome, Italy, [Santoro, Maria M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Surg, Rome, Italy, [Antinori, Antonio] INMI L Spallanzani, Infect Dis Unit, Rome, Italy, [Andreoni, Massimo] Univ Hosp Tor Vergata, Clin Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Latini, Alessandra] San Gallicano Dermatol Inst, HIV AIDS Unit, Rome, Italy, [Mussini, Cristina] Azienda Osped Univ Policlin, Clin Infect Dis, Modena, Italy, [Aghokeng, Avelin] Virol Lab CREMER IMPM, Yaounde, Cameroon, [Sonnerborg, Anders] Karolinska Inst, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden, [Neogi, Ujjwal] Karolinska Inst, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden, [Sonnerborg, Anders] Karolinska Inst, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden, [Neogi, Ujjwal] Karolinska Inst, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden, [Sonnerborg, Anders] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden, [Neogi, Ujjwal] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden, [Fessel, William J.] Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program Northern Calif, San Francisco, CA USA, [Agolory, Simon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA, [Raizes, Elliot] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA, [Yang, Chunfu] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Lab Branch, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA, [Blanco, Jose L.] Univ Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer, Clin Univ, Barcelona, Spain, [Juma, James M.] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, [Smit, Erasmus] Publ Hlth England, Publ Hlth Lab, Birmingham, W Midlands, England, [Schmidt, Daniel] Robert Koch Inst, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol HIV AIDS STI & Blood Bo, Berlin, Germany, [Watera, Christine] Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, [Asio, Juliet] Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, [Kaleebu, Pontiano] Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, [Tostevin, Anna] Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda, [Tostevin, Anna] UCL, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London, England, [Dunn, David] UCL, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London, England, [El-Hay, Tal] IBM Haifa Res Lab, Haifa, Israel, [Clumeck, Nathan] Univ Libre Bruxelles, St Pierre Univ Hosp, Brussels, Belgium, [Goedhals, Dominique] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Med Microbiol & Virol, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Bloemfontein, South Africa, [van Vuuren, Cloete] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Med Microbiol & Virol, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Bloemfontein, South Africa, [Sabin, Caroline] UCL, Infect & Populat Hlth, London, England, [Mukui, Irene] Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STI Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, [Perno, Carlo F.] INMI L Spallanzani, Antiretroviral Drugs Monitoring Unit, Rome, Italy, [Hunt, Gillian] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Morris, Lynn] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa, [de Oliveira, Tulio] Wellcome Trust Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Durban, South Africa, [Pillay, Deenan] Wellcome Trust Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Durban, South Africa, [de Oliveira, Tulio] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Coll Hlth Sci, Durban, South Africa, [Schulter, Eugene] Univ Cologne, Inst Virol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany, [Murakami-Ogasawara, Akio] Natl Inst Resp Dis, Ctr Res Infect Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, [Sirivichayakul, Sunee] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand, [Ruxrungtham, Kiat] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand, [Mekprasan, Suwanna] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand, [Kaleebu, Pontiano] MRC UVRI Uganda Res Unit AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Wellcome Trust, MRC, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES, and Medical Research Council

Subjects
Cyclopropanes, Anti-HIV Agents, K65r, Drug Resistance, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV Infections, Global Health, Settore MED/07, Virological failure, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Emtricitabine, Transmission, Highly Active, Viral, Tenofovir, Africa South of the Sahara, Benzoxazines, HIV-1, Lamivudine, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Retrospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Viral Load, Hiv-1-infected patients, virus diseases, Articles, Antiretroviral therapy, Naive patients, Alkynes, Efavirenz
Abstract

Summary Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for controlling HIV-1 infection through wide-scale treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Potent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimens are increasingly used to treat and prevent HIV, although few data exist for frequency and risk factors of acquired drug resistance in regions hardest hit by the HIV pandemic. We aimed to do a global assessment of drug resistance after virological failure with first-line tenofovir-containing ART. Methods The TenoRes collaboration comprises adult HIV treatment cohorts and clinical trials of HIV drug resistance testing in Europe, Latin and North America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. We extracted and harmonised data for patients undergoing genotypic resistance testing after virological failure with a first-line regimen containing tenofovir plus a cytosine analogue (lamivudine or emtricitabine) plus a non-nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI; efavirenz or nevirapine). We used an individual participant-level meta-analysis and multiple logistic regression to identify covariates associated with drug resistance. Our primary outcome was tenofovir resistance, defined as presence of K65R/N or K70E/G/Q mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene. Findings We included 1926 patients from 36 countries with treatment failure between 1998 and 2015. Prevalence of tenofovir resistance was highest in sub-Saharan Africa (370/654 [57%]). Pre-ART CD4 cell count was the covariate most strongly associated with the development of tenofovir resistance (odds ratio [OR] 1·50, 95% CI 1·27–1·77 for CD4 cell count

Published
2016

35. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, L.M. Sauvageot, N. Albert, J. Alexiev, I. Garcia, F. Struck, D. Van De Vijver, D.A.M.C. Åsjö, B. Beshkov, D. Coughlan, S. Descamps, D. Griskevicius, A. Hamouda, O. Horban, A. Van Kasteren, M. Kolupajeva, T. Kostrikis, L.G. Liitsola, K. Linka, M. Mor, O. Nielsen, C. Otelea, D. Paraskevis, D. Paredes, R. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Sönnerborg, A. Staneková, D. Stanojevic, M. Van Laethem, K. Zazzi, M. Lepej, S.Z. Boucher, C.A.B. Schmit, J.-C. Wensing, A.M.J. Puchhammer-Stockl, E. Sarcletti, M. Schmied, B. Geit, M. Balluch, G. Vandamme, A.-M. Vercauteren, J. Derdelinckx, I. Sasse, A. Bogaert, M. Ceunen, H. De Roo, A. De Wit, S. Echahidi, F. Fransen, K. Goffard, J.-C. Goubau, P. Goudeseune, E. Yombi, J.-C. Lacor, P. Liesnard, C. Moutschen, M. Pierard, D. Rens, R. Schrooten, Y. Vaira, D. Vandekerckhove, L.P.R. Van Den Heuvel, A. Van Der Gucht, B. Van Ranst, M. Van Wijngaerden, E. Vandercam, B. Vekemans, M. Verhofstede, C. Clumeck, N. Begovac, J. Demetriades, I. Kousiappa, I. Demetriou, V. Hezka, J. Maly, M. Machala, L. Jørgensen, L.B. Gerstoft, J. Mathiesen, L. Pedersen, C. Nielsen, H. Laursen, A. Kvinesdal, B. Ristola, M. Suni, J. Sutinen, J. Assoumou, L. Castor, G. Grude, M. Flandre, P. Storto, A. Kücherer, C. Berg, T. Braun, P. Poggensee, G. Däumer, M. Eberle, J. Heiken, H. Kaiser, R. Knechten, H. Korn, K. Müller, H. Neifer, S. Schmidt, B. Walter, H. Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B. Harrer, T. Hatzakis, A. Zavitsanou, A. Vassilakis, A. Lazanas, M. Chini, M. Lioni, A. Sakka, V. Kourkounti, S. Paparizos, V. Antoniadou, A. Papadopoulos, A. Poulakou, G. Katsarolis, I. Protopapas, K. Chryssos, G. Drimis, S. Gargalianos, P. Xylomenos, G. Lourida, G. Psichogiou, M. Daikos, G.L. Sipsas, N.V. Kontos, A. Gamaletsou, M.N. Koratzanis, G. Sambatakou, E. Mariolis, H. Skoutelis, A. Papastamopoulos, V. Georgiou, O. Panagopoulos, P. Maltezos, E. De Gascun, C. Byrne, C. Duffy, M. Bergin, C. Reidy, D. Farrell, G. Lambert, J. O'Connor, E. Rochford, A. Low, J. Coakely, P. O'Dea, S. Hall, W. Levi, I. Chemtob, D. Grossman, Z. De Luca, A. Balotta, C. Riva, C. Mussini, C. Caramma, I. Capetti, A. Colombo, M.C. Rossi, C. Prati, F. Tramuto, F. Vitale, F. Ciccozzi, M. Angarano, G. Rezza, G. Vasins, O. Lipnickiene, V. Hemmer, R. Arendt, V. Michaux, C. Staub, T. Sequin-Devaux, C. Van Kessel, A. Van Bentum, P.H.M. Brinkman, K. Connell, B.J. Van Der Ende, M.E. Hoepelman, I.M. Kuipers, M. Langebeek, N. Richter, C. Santegoets, R.M.W.J. Schrijnders-Gudde, L. Schuurman, R. Van De Ven, B.J.M. Kran, A.-M.B. Ormaasen, V. Aavitsland, P. Stanczak, J.J. Stanczak, G.P. Firlag-Burkacka, E. Wiercinska-Drapalo, A. Jablonowska, E. Maolepsza, E. Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M. Szata, W. Camacho, R. Palma, C. Borges, F. Paixão, T. Duque, V. Araújo, F. Paraschiv, S. Tudor, A.M. Cernat, R. Chiriac, C. Dumitrescu, F. Prisecariu, L.J. Jevtovic, Dj. Salemovic, D. Stanekova, D. Habekova, M. Chabadová, Z. Drobkova, T. Bukovinova, P. Shunnar, A. Truska, P. Lunar, M. Babic, D. Tomazic, J. Vidmar, L. Vovko, T. Karner, P. Monge, S. Moreno, S. Del Amo, J. Asensi, V. Sirvent, J.L. De Mendoza, C. Delgado, R. Gutiérrez, F. Berenguer, J. Garcia-Bujalance, S. Stella, N. De Los Santos, I. Blanco, J.R. Dalmau, D. Rivero, M. Segura, F. Elías, M.J.P. Alvarez, M. Chueca, N. Rodríguez-Martín, C. Vidal, C. Palomares, J.C. Viciana, I. Viciana, P. Cordoba, J. Aguilera, A. Domingo, P. Galindo, M.J. Miralles, C. Del Pozo, M.A. Ribera, E. Iribarren, J.A. Ruiz, L. De La Torre, J. Vidal, F. Clotet, B. Heidarian, A. Aperia-Peipke, K. Axelsson, M. Mild, M. Karlsson, A. Thalme, A. Navér, L. Bratt, G. Blaxhult, A. Gisslén, M. Svennerholm, B. Björkman, P. Säll, C. Mellgren, Å. Lindholm, A. Kuylenstierna, N. Montelius, R. Azimi, F. Johansson, B. Carlsson, M. Johansson, E. Ljungberg, B. Ekvall, H. Strand, A. Mäkitalo, S. Öberg, S. Holmblad, P. Höfer, M. Holmberg, H. Josefson, P. Ryding, U. Bergbrant, I. SPREAD Program

Abstract

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected. © The Author 2015.

Published
2016

36. IMMUNE-ESCAPE MUTATIONS AND STOP-CODONS IN HBSAG CIRCULATES IN A RELEVANT PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION EXPOSED TO ANTI-HBV DRUGS IN EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR HBV TRANSMISSION IN THE SETTING OF VACCINATION AND DISEASE PROGRESSION

Author

Colagrossi, L. Hermans, L. E. Salpini, R. Pas, S. D. and Alvarez, M. Ben Ari, Z. Boland, G. Bruzzone, B. Coppola, N. Seguin-Devaux, C. Dyda, T. Garcia, F. Kaiser, R. and Kose, S. Krarup, H. Lazarevic, I. Lunar, M. M. Maylin, S. Micheli, V. Mor, O. Paraschiv, S. Paraskevis, D. and Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E. Simon, F. Stanojevic, M. and Stene-Johansen, K. Tihic, N. Trimoulet, P. Verheyen, J. and Vince, A. Weis, N. Yalcinkaya, T. Lepej, S. Z. and Boucher, C. A. Wensing, A. M. Perno, C. F. Svicher, V. and European Soc Translational

Published
2016

37. Combined analysis of the prevalence of drug-resistant Hepatitis B virus in antiviral therapy-experienced patients in Europe (CAPRE)

Author

Hermans, L.E. Svicher, V. Pas, S.D. Salpini, R. Alvarez, M. Ben Ari, Z. Boland, G. Bruzzone, B. Coppola, N. Seguin-Devaux, C. Dyda, T. Garcia, F. Kaiser, R. Köse, S. Krarup, H. Lazarevic, I. Lunar, M.M. Maylin, S. Micheli, V. Mor, O. Paraschiv, S. Paraskevis, D. Poljak, M. Puchhammer-Stöckl, E. Simon, F. Stanojevic, M. Stene-Johansen, K. Tihic, N. Trimoulet, P. Verheyen, J. Vince, A. Weis, N. Yalcinkaya, T. Lepej, S.Z. Perno, C. Boucher, C.A.B. Wensing, A.M.J.

Abstract

Background European guidelines recommend treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) with the nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) entecavir or tenofovir. However, many European CHB patients have been exposed to other NAs, which are associated with therapy failure and resistance. The CAPRE study was performed to gain insight in prevalence and characteristics of NA resistance in Europe. Methods A survey was performed on genotypic resistance testing results acquired during routine monitoring of CHB patients with detectable serum hepatitis B virus DNA in European tertiary referral centers. Results Data from 1568 patients were included. The majority (73.8%) were exposed to lamivudine monotherapy. Drug-resistant strains were detected in 52.7%. The most frequently encountered primary mutation was M204V/I (48.7%), followed by A181T/V (3.8%) and N236T (2.6%). In patients exposed to entecavir (n = 102), full resistance was present in 35.3%. Independent risk factors for resistance were age, viral load, and lamivudine exposure (P

Published
2016

39. Acute effect of antiseizure drugs on background oscillations in Scn1aA1783V Dravet syndrome mouse model

Author

Shir Quinn, Marina Brusel, Mor Ovadia, and Moran Rubinstein

Subjects
Dravet syndrome, background oscillations, mouse model, antiseizure, spectral modulation, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Dravet syndrome (Dravet) is a rare and severe form of developmental epileptic encephalopathy. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) for Dravet patients include valproic acid (VA) or clobazam (CLB), with or without stiripentol (STP), while sodium channel blockers like carbamazepine (CBZ) or lamotrigine (LTG) are contraindicated. In addition to their effect on epileptic phenotypes, ASMs were shown to modify the properties of background neuronal activity. Nevertheless, little is known about these background properties alterations in Dravet. Here, utilizing Dravet mice (DS, Scn1aA1783V/WT), we tested the acute effect of several ASMs on background electrocorticography (ECoG) activity and frequency of interictal spikes. Compared to wild-type mice, background ECoG activity in DS mice had lower power and reduced phase coherence, which was not corrected by any of the tested ASMs. However, acute administration of Dravet-recommended drugs, VA, CLB, or a combination of CLB + STP, caused, in most mice, a reduction in the frequency of interictal spikes, alongside an increase in the relative contribution of the beta frequency band. Conversely, CBZ and LTG increased the frequency of interictal spikes, with no effect on background spectral properties. Moreover, we uncovered a correlation between the reduction in interictal spike frequency, the drug-induced effect on the power of background activity, and a spectral shift toward higher frequency bands. Together, these data provide a comprehensive analysis of the effect of selected ASMs on the properties of background neuronal oscillations, and highlight a possible correlation between their effect on epilepsy and background activity.

Published
2023
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41. Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

Author

Gregson, J, Tang, M, Ndembi, N, Hamers, R, Marconi, V, Brooks, K, Theys, K, Arruda, M, Garcia, F, Monge, S, Kanki, P, Kumarasamy, N, Kerschberger, B, Mor, O, Charpentier, C, Todesco, E, Rokx, C, Gras, L, Halvas, E, Sunpath, H, Carlo, D, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Latini, A, Mussini, C, Aghokeng, A, Sonnerborg, A, Neogi, U, Fessel, W, Agolory, S, Yang, C, Blanco, J, Juma, J, Smit, E, Schmidt, D, Watera, C, Asio, J, Kirungi, W, Tostevin, A, Clumeck, N, Goedhals, D, Bester, P, Sabin, C, Mukui, I, Santoro, M, Perno, C, Hunt, G, Morris, L, Camacho, R, Pillay, D, Schulter, E, Reyes-Terán, G, Romero, K, Avila-Rios, S, Sirivichayakul, S, Ruxrungtham, K, Mekprasan, S, Dunn, D, Kaleebu, P, Raizes, E, Kantor, R, Shafer, R, Gupta, R, Rhee, S, De Wit, T, Diero, L, Günthard, H, Hoffmann, C, and Di Carlo, D

Subjects
virus diseases
Abstract

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for controlling HIV-1 infection through wide-scale treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Potent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimens are increasingly used to treat and prevent HIV, although few data exist for frequency and risk factors of acquired drug resistance in regions hardest hit by the HIV pandemic. We aimed to do a global assessment of drug resistance after virological failure with first-line tenofovir-containing ART. Methods The TenoRes collaboration comprises adult HIV treatment cohorts and clinical trials of HIV drug resistance testing in Europe, Latin and North America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. We extracted and harmonised data for patients undergoing genotypic resistance testing after virological failure with a first-line regimen containing tenofovir plus a cytosine analogue (lamivudine or emtricitabine) plus a non-nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI; efavirenz or nevirapine). We used an individual participant-level meta-analysis and multiple logistic regression to identify covariates associated with drug resistance. Our primary outcome was tenofovir resistance, defined as presence of K65R/N or K70E/G/Q mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene. Findings We included 1926 patients from 36 countries with treatment failure between 1998 and 2015. Prevalence of tenofovir resistance was highest in sub-Saharan Africa (370/654 [57%]). Pre-ART CD4 cell count was the covariate most strongly associated with the development of tenofovir resistance (odds ratio [OR] 1·50, 95% CI 1·27–1·77 for CD4 cell count

Published
2015

42. Subjective symptoms in young cell phone users in Ukraine

Author

Yakymenko, I., Mor, O., Tsybulin, O., Kolesnik, Ya, Kyrylenko, S., and Sidorik, E.

Subjects
МОБИЛЬНЫЙ ТЕЛЕФОН, ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОЕ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ, ФИЗИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСКОМФОРТ, ГОЛОВНАЯ БОЛЬ, БОЛЬ В УХЕ, МОБіЛЬНИЙ ТЕЛЕФОН, ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНіТНЕ ВИПРОМіНЮВАННЯ, ФіЗИЧНИЙ ДИСКОМФОРТ, ГОЛОВНИЙ БіЛЬ, БіЛЬ У ВУСі
Abstract

Мета роботи. Вивчення особливостей використання мобільних телефонів студентською молоддю і оцінка суб’єктивних симптомів у користувачів мобільним зв’язком. Матеріали і методи. Методом анонімного анкетування проведено оцінку особливостей використання мобільних телефонів та суб’єктивних симптомів у користувачів мобільними телефонами студентів Київського регіону України (n=600). Результати. Виявлено, що 37,8% опитаних відчувають фізичний дискомфорт, а 40% біль у голові або вусі під час розмов з мобільного телефону. При цьому серед тих, хто користувався мобільним телефоном не більше одного року, головний біль під час розмов відчували 16,7% опитаних, а серед тих, хто користувався телефоном понад 10 років 50% опитаних. Висновки. Інтенсивне використання мобільних телефонів студентською молоддю викликає відчуття фізичного дискомфорту і біль у голові та/або вусі у значної частини користувачів.Цель работы: Изучение особенностей пользования мобильными телефонами студенческой молодежью и оценка субъективных симптомов у пользователей мобильной связью. Материалы и методы: Методом анонимного анкетирования проведена оценка особенностей использования мобильных телефонов и субъективных симптомов у пользователей мобильными телефонами студентов Киевского региона Украины (n=600). Результаты. Выявлено, что 37,8% опрошенных ощущают физический дискомфорт, а 40% боль в голове и/или ухе во время разговоров по мобильному телефону. При этом среди тех, кто пользовался мобильным телефоном не более одного года, головную боль во время разговоров ощущали 16,7% опрошенных, а среди тех, кто пользовался телефоном болем 10 лет 50%. Выводы. Интенсивное использование мобильных телефонов студенческой молодежью вызывает чувство физического дискомфорта и болей в голове и/или ухе у значительного числа пользователей.

Published
2015

43. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., and Ryding, U.

Published
2016

44. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, L.M. (Marije), Sauvageot, N. (Nicolas), Albert, J. (Jan), Alexiev, I. (Ivailo), Garcia, F. (Federico), Struck, D. (Daniel), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Descamps, D. (Diane), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kasteren, M.E.E. (Marjo) van, Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Mor, O. (Orna), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stockl, E. (Elisabeth), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Van Laethem, K. (Kristel), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Zidovec Lepej, S. (Snjezana), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie), Hofstra, L.M. (Marije), Sauvageot, N. (Nicolas), Albert, J. (Jan), Alexiev, I. (Ivailo), Garcia, F. (Federico), Struck, D. (Daniel), Vijver, D.A.M.C. (David) van de, Åsjö, B. (Birgitta), Beshkov, D. (Danail), Coughlan, S. (Suzie), Descamps, D. (Diane), Griskevicius, A. (Algirdas), Hamouda, O. (Osamah), Horban, A. (Andrzej), Kasteren, M.E.E. (Marjo) van, Kolupajeva, T. (Tatjana), Kostrikis, L.G. (Leondios), Liitsola, K. (Kirsi), Linka, M. (Marek), Mor, O. (Orna), Nielsen, C. (Claus), Otelea, D. (Dan), Paraskevis, D. (Dimitrios), Paredes, R. (Roger), Poljak, M. (Mario), Puchhammer-Stockl, E. (Elisabeth), Sonnerborg, A. (Anders), Stanekova, D. (Danica), Stanojevic, M. (Maja), Van Laethem, K. (Kristel), Zazzi, M. (Maurizio), Zidovec Lepej, S. (Snjezana), Boucher, C.A.B. (Charles), Schmit, J.-C. (Jean-Claude), and Wensing, A.M.J. (Annemarie)

Abstract

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.

Published
2016
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45. IMMUNE-ESCAPE MUTATIONS AND STOP-CODONS IN HBSAG CIRCULATES IN A RELEVANT PROPORTION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION EXPOSED TO ANTI-HBV DRUGS IN EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR HBV TRANSMISSION IN THE SETTING OF VACCINATION AND DISEASE PROGRESSION

Author

Colagrossi, L., Hermans, L. E., Salpini, R., Pas, S. D., Alvarez, M., Ben Ari, Z., Boland, G., Bruzzone, B., Coppola, N., Seguin-Devaux, C., Dyda, T., Garcia, F., Kaiser, R., Kose, S., Krarup, H., Lazarevic, I., Lunar, M. M., Maylin, S., Micheli, V., Mor, O., Paraschiv, S., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Simon, F., Stanojevic, M., Stene-Johansen, K., Tihic, N., Trimoulet, P., Verheyen, J., Vince, A., Weis, N., Yalcinkaya, T., Lepej, S. Z., Boucher, C. A., Wensing, A. M., Perno, C. F., Svicher, V., Colagrossi, L., Hermans, L. E., Salpini, R., Pas, S. D., Alvarez, M., Ben Ari, Z., Boland, G., Bruzzone, B., Coppola, N., Seguin-Devaux, C., Dyda, T., Garcia, F., Kaiser, R., Kose, S., Krarup, H., Lazarevic, I., Lunar, M. M., Maylin, S., Micheli, V., Mor, O., Paraschiv, S., Paraskevis, D., Poljak, M., Puchhammer-Stoeckl, E., Simon, F., Stanojevic, M., Stene-Johansen, K., Tihic, N., Trimoulet, P., Verheyen, J., Vince, A., Weis, N., Yalcinkaya, T., Lepej, S. Z., Boucher, C. A., Wensing, A. M., Perno, C. F., and Svicher, V.

Published
2016

46. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 1, MMB Research line 3a, MS Infectieziekten, Circulatory Health, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., Ryding, U., MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Brain, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 1, MMB Research line 3a, MS Infectieziekten, Circulatory Health, MMB Staf diagnostiek, Hofstra, L. Marije, Sauvageot, Nicolas, Albert, Jan, Alexiev, Ivailo, Garcia, Federico, Struck, Daniel, Van De Vijver, David A M C, Åsjö, Birgitta, Beshkov, Danail, Coughlan, Suzie, Descamps, Diane, Griskevicius, Algirdas, Hamouda, Osamah, Horban, Andrzej, Van Kasteren, Marjo, Kolupajeva, Tatjana, Kostrikis, Leontios G., Liitsola, Kirsi, Linka, Marek, Mor, Orna, Nielsen, Claus, Otelea, Dan, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Paredes, Roger, Poljak, Mario, Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth, Sönnerborg, Anders, Staneková, Danica, Stanojevic, Maja, Van Laethem, Kristel, Zazzi, Maurizio, Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec, Boucher, Charles A B, Schmit, Jean Claude, Wensing, Annemarie M J, Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Sarcletti, M., Schmied, B., Geit, M., Balluch, G., Vandamme, A. M., Vercauteren, J., Derdelinckx, I., Sasse, A., Bogaert, M., Ceunen, H., De Roo, A., De Wit, S., Echahidi, F., Fransen, K., Goffard, J. C., Goubau, P., Goudeseune, E., Yombi, J. C., Lacor, P., Liesnard, C., Moutschen, M., Pierard, D., Rens, R., Schrooten, Y., Vaira, D., Vandekerckhove, L. P R, Van Den Heuvel, A., Van Der Gucht, B., Van Ranst, M., Van Wijngaerden, E., Vandercam, B., Vekemans, M., Verhofstede, C., Clumeck, N., Van Laethem, K., Beshkov, D., Alexiev, I., Lepej, S. Zidovec, Begovac, J., Demetriades, I., Kousiappa, I., Demetriou, V., Hezka, J., Linka, M., Maly, M., Machala, L., Nielsen, C., Jørgensen, L. B., Gerstoft, J., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, C., Nielsen, H., Laursen, A., Kvinesdal, B., Liitsola, K., Ristola, M., Suni, J., Sutinen, J., Descamps, D., Assoumou, L., Castor, G., Grude, M., Flandre, P., Storto, A., Hamouda, O., Kücherer, C., Berg, T., Braun, P., Poggensee, G., Däumer, M., Eberle, J., Heiken, H., Kaiser, R., Knechten, H., Korn, K., Müller, H., Neifer, S., Schmidt, B., Walter, H., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Harrer, T., Paraskevis, D., Hatzakis, A., Zavitsanou, A., Vassilakis, A., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Lioni, A., Sakka, V., Kourkounti, S., Paparizos, V., Antoniadou, A., Papadopoulos, A., Poulakou, G., Katsarolis, I., Protopapas, K., Chryssos, G., Drimis, S., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Lourida, G., Psichogiou, M., Daikos, G. L., Sipsas, N. V., Kontos, A., Gamaletsou, M. N., Koratzanis, G., Sambatakou, E., Mariolis, H., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., Panagopoulos, P., Maltezos, E., Coughlan, S., De Gascun, C., Byrne, C., Duffy, M., Bergin, C., Reidy, D., Farrell, G., Lambert, J., O'Connor, E., Rochford, A., Low, J., Coakely, P., O'Dea, S., Hall, W., Mor, O., Levi, I., Chemtob, D., Grossman, Z., Zazzi, M., De Luca, A., Balotta, C., Riva, C., Mussini, C., Caramma, I., Capetti, A., Colombo, M. C., Rossi, C., Prati, F., Tramuto, F., Vitale, F., Ciccozzi, M., Angarano, G., Rezza, G., Kolupajeva, T., Vasins, O., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Schmit, J. C., Struck, D., Sauvageot, N., Hemmer, R., Arendt, V., Michaux, C., Staub, T., Sequin-Devaux, C., Wensing, A. M J, Boucher, C. A B, Van Kessel, A., Van Bentum, P. H M, Brinkman, K., Connell, B. J., Van Der Ende, M. E., Hoepelman, I. M., Van Kasteren, M., Kuipers, M., Langebeek, N., Richter, C., Santegoets, R. M W J, Schrijnders-Gudde, L., Schuurman, R., Van De Ven, B. J M, Åsjö, B., Kran, A. M Bakken, Ormaasen, V., Aavitsland, P., Horban, A., Stanczak, J. J., Stanczak, G. P., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Jablonowska, E., Maolepsza, E., Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M., Szata, W., Camacho, R., Palma, C., Borges, F., Paixão, T., Duque, V., Araújo, F., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Tudor, A. M., Cernat, R., Chiriac, C., Dumitrescu, F., Prisecariu, L. J., Stanojevic, M., Jevtovic, Dj, Salemovic, D., Stanekova, D., Habekova, M., Chabadová, Z., Drobkova, T., Bukovinova, P., Shunnar, A., Truska, P., Poljak, M., Lunar, M., Babic, D., Tomazic, J., Vidmar, L., Vovko, T., Karner, P., Garcia, F., Paredes, R., Monge, S., Moreno, S., Del Amo, J., Asensi, V., Sirvent, J. L., De Mendoza, C., Delgado, R., Gutiérrez, F., Berenguer, J., Garcia-Bujalance, S., Stella, N., De Los Santos, I., Blanco, J. R., Dalmau, D., Rivero, M., Segura, F., Elías, M. J Pérez, Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Rodríguez-Martín, C., Vidal, C., Palomares, J. C., Viciana, I., Viciana, P., Cordoba, J., Aguilera, A., Domingo, P., Galindo, M. J., Miralles, C., Del Pozo, M. A., Ribera, E., Iribarren, J. A., Ruiz, L., De La Torre, J., Vidal, F., Clotet, B., Albert, J., Heidarian, A., Aperia-Peipke, K., Axelsson, M., Mild, M., Karlsson, A., Sönnerborg, A., Thalme, A., Navér, L., Bratt, G., Blaxhult, A., Gisslén, M., Svennerholm, B., Bergbrant, I., Björkman, P., Säll, C., Mellgren, Lindholm, A., Kuylenstierna, N., Montelius, R., Azimi, F., Johansson, B., Carlsson, M., Johansson, E., Ljungberg, B., Ekvall, H., Strand, A., Mäkitalo, S., Öberg, S., Holmblad, P., Höfer, M., Holmberg, H., Josefson, P., and Ryding, U.

Published
2016

47. Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

Author

Hofstra, LM, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, van de Vijver, David, Asjo, B, Beshkov, D, Coughlan, S, Descamps, D, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, van Kasteren, M, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zazzi, M, Lepej, SZ, Boucher, Charles, Schmit, JC, Wensing, AMJ, Hofstra, LM, Sauvageot, N, Albert, J, Alexiev, I, Garcia, F, Struck, D, van de Vijver, David, Asjo, B, Beshkov, D, Coughlan, S, Descamps, D, Griskevicius, A, Hamouda, O, Horban, A, van Kasteren, M, Kolupajeva, T, Kostrikis, LG, Liitsola, K, Linka, M, Mor, O, Nielsen, C, Otelea, D, Paraskevis, D, Paredes, R, Poljak, M, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Sonnerborg, A, Stanekova, D, Stanojevic, M, Van Laethem, K, Zazzi, M, Lepej, SZ, Boucher, Charles, Schmit, JC, and Wensing, AMJ

Abstract

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibility was largest for NNRTIs. The prevalence of TDR assessed by epidemiological surveys does not clearly indicate to what degree susceptibility to different drug classes is affected.

Published
2016

48. Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hofstra LM, Sauvageot N, Albert J, Alexiev I, Garcia F, Struck D, Van de Vijver DAMC, Åsjö B, Beshkov D, Coughlan S, Descamps D, Griskevicius A, Hamouda O, Horban A, Van Kasteren M, Kolupajeva T, Kostrikis LG, Liitsola K, Linka M, Mor O, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Van Laethem K, Zazzi M, Zidovec Lepej S, Boucher CAB, Schmit JC, Wensing AMJ,, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Sarcletti M, Schmied B, Geit M, Balluch G, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Derdelinckx I, Sasse A, Bogaert M, Ceunen H, De Roo A, De Wit S, Echahidi F, Fransen K, Goffard JC, Goubau P, Goudeseune E, Yombi JC, Lacor P, Liesnard C, Moutschen M, Pierard D, Rens R, Schrooten Y, Vaira D, Vandekerckhove LPR, Van den Heuvel A, Van Der Gucht B, Van Ranst M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandercam B, Vekemans M, Verhofstede C, Clumeck N, Lepej SZ, Begovac J, Kostrikis L, Demetriades I, Kousiappa I, Demetriou V, Hezka J, Maly M, Machala L, Jørgensen LB, Gerstoft J, Mathiesen L, Pedersen C, Nielsen H, Laursen A, Kvinesdal B, Ristola M, Suni J, Sutinen J, Assoumou L, Castor G, Grude M, Flandre P, Storto A, Kücherer C, Berg T, Braun P, Poggensee G, Däumer M, Eberle J, Heiken H, Kaiser R, Knechten H, Korn K, Müller H, Neifer S, Schmidt B, Walter H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Harrer T, Hatzakis A, Zavitsanou A, Vassilakis A, Lazanas M, Chini M, Lioni A, Sakka V, Kourkounti S, Paparizos V, Antoniadou A, Papadopoulos A, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Protopapas K, Chryssos G, Drimis S, Gargalianos P, Xylomenos G, Lourida G, Psichogiou M, Daikos GL, Sipsas NV, Kontos A, Gamaletsou MN, Koratzanis G, Sambatakou H, Mariolis H, Skoutelis A, Papastamopoulos V, Georgiou O, Panagopoulos P, Maltezos E, De Gascun C, Byrne C, Duffy M, Bergin C, Reidy D, Farrell G, Lamber, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hofstra LM, Sauvageot N, Albert J, Alexiev I, Garcia F, Struck D, Van de Vijver DAMC, Åsjö B, Beshkov D, Coughlan S, Descamps D, Griskevicius A, Hamouda O, Horban A, Van Kasteren M, Kolupajeva T, Kostrikis LG, Liitsola K, Linka M, Mor O, Nielsen C, Otelea D, Paraskevis D, Paredes R, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Sönnerborg A, Staneková D, Stanojevic M, Van Laethem K, Zazzi M, Zidovec Lepej S, Boucher CAB, Schmit JC, Wensing AMJ,, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Sarcletti M, Schmied B, Geit M, Balluch G, Vandamme AM, Vercauteren J, Derdelinckx I, Sasse A, Bogaert M, Ceunen H, De Roo A, De Wit S, Echahidi F, Fransen K, Goffard JC, Goubau P, Goudeseune E, Yombi JC, Lacor P, Liesnard C, Moutschen M, Pierard D, Rens R, Schrooten Y, Vaira D, Vandekerckhove LPR, Van den Heuvel A, Van Der Gucht B, Van Ranst M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandercam B, Vekemans M, Verhofstede C, Clumeck N, Lepej SZ, Begovac J, Kostrikis L, Demetriades I, Kousiappa I, Demetriou V, Hezka J, Maly M, Machala L, Jørgensen LB, Gerstoft J, Mathiesen L, Pedersen C, Nielsen H, Laursen A, Kvinesdal B, Ristola M, Suni J, Sutinen J, Assoumou L, Castor G, Grude M, Flandre P, Storto A, Kücherer C, Berg T, Braun P, Poggensee G, Däumer M, Eberle J, Heiken H, Kaiser R, Knechten H, Korn K, Müller H, Neifer S, Schmidt B, Walter H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Harrer T, Hatzakis A, Zavitsanou A, Vassilakis A, Lazanas M, Chini M, Lioni A, Sakka V, Kourkounti S, Paparizos V, Antoniadou A, Papadopoulos A, Poulakou G, Katsarolis I, Protopapas K, Chryssos G, Drimis S, Gargalianos P, Xylomenos G, Lourida G, Psichogiou M, Daikos GL, Sipsas NV, Kontos A, Gamaletsou MN, Koratzanis G, Sambatakou H, Mariolis H, Skoutelis A, Papastamopoulos V, Georgiou O, Panagopoulos P, Maltezos E, De Gascun C, Byrne C, Duffy M, Bergin C, Reidy D, Farrell G, Lamber

Abstract

© The Author 2015. Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial regimen. In addition to optimizing individual patient management, these baseline resistance data enable transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to be surveyed for public health purposes. The SPREAD program systematically collects data to gain insight into TDR occurring in Europe since 2001. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and virological data from 4140 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals from 26 countries who were newly diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. Evidence of TDR was defined using the WHO list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. Prevalence of TDR was assessed over time by comparing the results to SPREAD data from 2002 to 2007. Baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb program version 7.0. Results. The overall prevalence of TDR did not change significantly over time and was 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-9.5%) in 2008-2010. The most frequent indicators of TDR were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (4.5%), followed by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.9%) and protease inhibitor mutations (2.0%). Baseline mutations were most predictive of reduced susceptibility to initial NNRTI-based regimens: 4.5% and 6.5% of patient isolates were predicted to have resistance to regimens containing efavirenz or rilpivirine, respectively, independent of current NRTI backbones. Conclusions. Although TDR was highest for NRTIs, the impact of baseline drug resistance patterns on susceptibi

Published
2016

49. New findings in HCV genotype distribution in selected West European, Russian and Israeli regions

Author

Kartashev, Vladimir, primary, Döring, Matthias, additional, Nieto, Leonardo, additional, Coletta, Eleda, additional, Kaiser, Rolf, additional, Sierra, Saleta, additional, Guerrero, A., additional, Stoiber, H., additional, Paar, C., additional, Vandamme, A.M., additional, Nevens, F., additional, Ranst, M. Van, additional, Cuypers, L., additional, Braun, P., additional, Ehret, R., additional, Obermeier, M., additional, Schneeweiss, S., additional, Scholten, S., additional, Römer, K., additional, Isernhagen, K., additional, Qurashi, N., additional, Heger, E., additional, Knops, E., additional, Neumann-Fraune, M., additional, Timm, J., additional, Walker, A., additional, Lübke, N., additional, Wedemeyer, H., additional, Wiesch, J. Schulze zur, additional, Lütgehetmann, M., additional, Polywka, S., additional, Däumer, M., additional, Hoffmann, D., additional, Protzer, U., additional, Marascio, N., additional, Foca, A., additional, Liberto, M.C., additional, Barreca, G.S., additional, Galati, L., additional, Torti, C., additional, Pisani, V., additional, Perno, C.F., additional, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., additional, Cento, V., additional, Ciotti, M., additional, Zazzi, M., additional, Rossetti, B., additional, Luca, A.De, additional, Caudai, C., additional, Mor, O., additional, Devaux, C., additional, Staub, T., additional, Araujo, F., additional, Gomes, P., additional, Cabanas, J., additional, Markin, N., additional, Khomenko, I., additional, Govorukhina, M., additional, Lugovskaya, G., additional, Dontsov, D., additional, Mas, A., additional, Martró, E., additional, Saludes, V., additional, Rodríguez-Frías, F., additional, García, F., additional, Casas, P., additional, Iglesia, A. de la, additional, Alados, J.C., additional, Pena-López, M.J., additional, Rodríguez, M.J., additional, Galán, J.C., additional, Suárez, A., additional, Cardeñoso, L., additional, Guerrero, M.D., additional, Vegas-Dominguez, C., additional, Blas-Espada, J., additional, García, R., additional, García-Bujalance, S., additional, Benítez-Gutiérrez, L., additional, Mendoza, C. de, additional, Montiel, N., additional, Santos, J., additional, Viciana, I., additional, Delgado, A., additional, Martínez-Sanchez, P.A., additional, Fernández-Alonso, M., additional, Reina, G., additional, Trigo, M., additional, Echeverría, M.J., additional, Aguilera, A., additional, Navarro, D., additional, Bernal, S., additional, Lozano, M.C., additional, Fernández-Cuenca, F., additional, Orduña, A., additional, Eiros, J.M., additional, Lejarazu, R. Ortíz de, additional, Martínez-Sapiña, A.M., additional, García-Díaz, A., additional, and Haque, T., additional

Published
2016
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