21 results on '"Mooser C"'
Search Results
2. The CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex safeguards chromosomal stability during mitosis
- Author
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Mooser C, Manuel Stucki, De Marco Zompit M, Daniel Fink, Daniel Durocher, Salomé Adam, Pia-Amata Leimbacher, Jeanrenaud A, and Silvia Emma Rossi
- Subjects
Cell cycle ,Biology ,MDC1 ,Chromatin ,Cell biology ,Cell nucleus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Chromosome instability ,medicine ,Interphase ,Mitosis ,DNA - Abstract
The accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), highly toxic DNA lesions, is crucial for genome integrity and is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. In mitosis, cells inactivate DSB repair in favor of a tethering mechanism that stabilizes broken chromosomes until they are repaired in the subsequent cell cycle phases. How this is achieved mechanistically is not yet understood, but the adaptor protein TOPBP1 is critically implicated in this process. Here, we identify CIP2A as a TOPBP1-interacting protein that regulates TOPBP1 localization specifically in mitosis. Cells lacking CIP2A display increased micronuclei formation, DSB repair defects and chromosomal instability. CIP2A is actively exported from the cell nucleus in interphase but, upon nuclear envelope breakdown at the onset of mitosis, gains access to chromatin where it forms a complex with MDC1 and TOPBP1 to promote TOPBP1 recruitment to sites of mitotic DSBs. Collectively, our data uncover CIP2A-TOPBP1 as a mitosis-specific genome maintenance complex.
- Published
- 2021
3. Optically tunable mechanics of microlevers
- Author
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Vogel, M., primary, Mooser, C., additional, Karrai, K., additional, and Warburton, R. J., additional
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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4. Cathode Erosion in Vacuum Arcs and Unipolar Arcs
- Author
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Nürnberg, A. W., primary, Bauder, U. H., additional, Mooser, C., additional, and Behrisch, R., additional
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
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5. Investigations of the Dunes geothermal anomaly, Imperial Valley, California. Part IV. Geochemical studies of water, calcite, and silicates
- Author
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Mooser, C
- Published
- 1975
6. ILC3s restrict the dissemination of intestinal bacteria to safeguard liver regeneration after surgery.
- Author
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Jakob MO, Spari D, Sànchez Taltavull D, Salm L, Yilmaz B, Doucet Ladevèze R, Mooser C, Pereyra D, Ouyang Y, Schmidt T, Mattiola I, Starlinger P, Stroka D, Tschan F, Candinas D, Gasteiger G, Klose CSN, Diefenbach A, Gomez de Agüero M, and Beldi G
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, Liver Regeneration, Interleukins metabolism, Skin metabolism, Lymphocytes metabolism, Immunity, Innate
- Abstract
It is generally believed that environmental or cutaneous bacteria are the main origin of surgical infections. Therefore, measures to prevent postoperative infections focus on optimizing hygiene and improving asepsis and antisepsis. In a large cohort of patients with infections following major surgery, we identified that the causative bacteria are mainly of intestinal origin. Postoperative infections of intestinal origin were also found in mice undergoing partial hepatectomy. CCR6
+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) limited systemic bacterial spread. Such bulwark function against host invasion required the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22), which controlled the expression of antimicrobial peptides in hepatocytes, thereby limiting bacterial spread. Using genetic loss-of-function experiments and punctual depletion of ILCs, we demonstrate that the failure to restrict intestinal commensals by ILC3s results in impaired liver regeneration. Our data emphasize the importance of endogenous intestinal bacteria as a source for postoperative infection and indicate ILC3s as potential new targets., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. The CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex safeguards chromosomal stability during mitosis.
- Author
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De Marco Zompit M, Esteban MT, Mooser C, Adam S, Rossi SE, Jeanrenaud A, Leimbacher PA, Fink D, Shorrocks AK, Blackford AN, Durocher D, and Stucki M
- Subjects
- Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins metabolism, Chromosomal Instability, DNA, Humans, Mitosis physiology, Autoantigens genetics, Autoantigens metabolism, Carrier Proteins genetics, Carrier Proteins metabolism, DNA Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Membrane Proteins genetics, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Nuclear Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
The accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), highly toxic DNA lesions, is crucial for genome integrity and is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. In mitosis, cells inactivate DSB repair in favor of a tethering mechanism that stabilizes broken chromosomes until they are repaired in the subsequent cell cycle phases. How this is achieved mechanistically is not yet understood, but the adaptor protein TOPBP1 is critically implicated in this process. Here, we identify CIP2A as a TOPBP1-interacting protein that regulates TOPBP1 localization specifically in mitosis. Cells lacking CIP2A display increased radio-sensitivity, micronuclei formation and chromosomal instability. CIP2A is actively exported from the cell nucleus in interphase but, upon nuclear envelope breakdown at the onset of mitosis, gains access to chromatin where it forms a complex with MDC1 and TOPBP1 to promote TOPBP1 recruitment to sites of mitotic DSBs. Collectively, our data uncover CIP2A-TOPBP1 as a mitosis-specific genome maintenance complex., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Targeting colonic macrophages improves glycemic control in high-fat diet-induced obesity.
- Author
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Rohm TV, Keller L, Bosch AJT, AlAsfoor S, Baumann Z, Thomas A, Wiedemann SJ, Steiger L, Dalmas E, Wehner J, Rachid L, Mooser C, Yilmaz B, Fernandez Trigo N, Jauch AJ, Wueest S, Konrad D, Henri S, Niess JH, Hruz P, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Roux J, Meier DT, and Cavelti-Weder C
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Colon metabolism, Glycemic Control, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Obesity etiology, Obesity metabolism, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Insulin Resistance
- Abstract
The obesity epidemic continues to worsen worldwide. However, the mechanisms initiating glucose dysregulation in obesity remain poorly understood. We assessed the role that colonic macrophage subpopulations play in glucose homeostasis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Concurrent with glucose intolerance, pro-inflammatory/monocyte-derived colonic macrophages increased in mice fed a HFD. A link between macrophage numbers and glycemia was established by pharmacological dose-dependent ablation of macrophages. In particular, colon-specific macrophage depletion by intrarectal clodronate liposomes improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion capacity. Colonic macrophage activation upon HFD was characterized by an interferon response and a change in mitochondrial metabolism, which converged in mTOR as a common regulator. Colon-specific mTOR inhibition reduced pro-inflammatory macrophages and ameliorated insulin secretion capacity, similar to colon-specific macrophage depletion, but did not affect insulin sensitivity. Thus, pharmacological targeting of colonic macrophages could become a potential therapy in obesity to improve glycemic control., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Swiss French version of the Older People's Quality of Life questionnaire (OPQOL-35-SF).
- Author
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Carrard S, Mooser C, Hilfiker R, and Mittaz Hager AG
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Switzerland, Quality of Life psychology
- Abstract
Background: The proportion of the world population aged over 65 years is increasing in the world population. Quality of life is an important factor in the biopsychosocial management of older patients. The Older People's Quality of Life-35 (OPQOL-35) questionnaire was developed specifically for assessment of the quality of life of older people. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swiss French version of the OPQOL-35 questionnaire (OPQOL-35-SF)., Methods: Forward-backward procedure was used to translate the original questionnaire from English into Swiss French. A sample of older people then completed the questionnaire. Construct validity of the OPQOL-35-SF was evaluated by comparing the results with those from three other questionnaires [World Health Organisation Quality of Life in older people questionnaire (WHOQOL-OLD), Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, Pleasure in 12 questions (CASP-12), and EuroQol-5-dimensions-5-levels (EQ-5D-5L)] and two visual analogue scales (health and quality of life). The structure of the OPQOL-35-SF questionnaire was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the reliability the OPQOL-35-SF questionnaire was completed a second time after 7-23 days., Results: A total of 264 older people completed all the questionnaires at the first session, and 262 completed the OPQOL-35-SF again at the second session. Mean age of participants was 76.8 (standard deviation (SD) = 7.1) years. The majority of participants were women (73.9%). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) was 0.86 and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (p < 0.001). The result of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed 8 factors with eigenvalues greater than one, which explained 58% of the observed variance. All items had an acceptable loading (< 0.30) in at least one factor. The convergent validity presented low to moderate correlations (rho: 0.384-0.663). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha 0.875 for test and 0.902 for retest). Test-retest reliability presented an intra-class correlation coefficient, two-way random effects, absolute agreement, single rater (ICC
2.1 ) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.87]., Conclusions: The Swiss French version of the OPQOL-35 questionnaire shows good psychometric properties, which permit its use in clinical practice or research. A supplementary sample would be necessary for a better distribution of the items in the different factors., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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10. Long-term evolution and short-term adaptation of microbiota strains and sub-strains in mice.
- Author
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Yilmaz B, Mooser C, Keller I, Li H, Zimmermann J, Bosshard L, Fuhrer T, Gomez de Agüero M, Trigo NF, Tschanz-Lischer H, Limenitakis JP, Hardt WD, McCoy KD, Stecher B, Excoffier L, Sauer U, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, and Macpherson AJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria genetics, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Genomics, Immunity, Intestines, Male, Metabolomics, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Ralstonia, Symbiosis, Adaptation, Physiological immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Microbiota physiology
- Abstract
Isobiotic mice, with an identical stable microbiota composition, potentially allow models of host-microbial mutualism to be studied over time and between different laboratories. To understand microbiota evolution in these models, we carried out a 6-year experiment in mice colonized with 12 representative taxa. Increased non-synonymous to synonymous mutation rates indicate positive selection in multiple taxa, particularly for genes annotated for nutrient acquisition or replication. Microbial sub-strains that evolved within a single taxon can stably coexist, consistent with niche partitioning of ecotypes in the complex intestinal environment. Dietary shifts trigger rapid transcriptional adaptation to macronutrient and micronutrient changes in individual taxa and alterations in taxa biomass. The proportions of different sub-strains are also rapidly altered after dietary shift. This indicates that microbial taxa within a mouse colony adapt to changes in the intestinal environment by long-term genomic positive selection and short-term effects of transcriptional reprogramming and adjustments in sub-strain proportions., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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11. Toll-Interacting Protein Regulates Immune Cell Infiltration and Promotes Colitis-Associated Cancer.
- Author
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Begka C, Pattaroni C, Mooser C, Nancey S, McCoy KD, Velin D, and Maillard MH
- Abstract
Expression of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip), a potent TLR modulator, decreases in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), whereas Tollip
-/- mice are susceptible to colitis. Tollip expression was shown to be reduced in sporadic adenoma. In contrast, we found variable Tollip expression in patients with colitis-associated adenomas. In Tollip-/- mice challenged to develop colitis-associated cancer (CAC), tumor formation was significantly reduced owing to decreased mucosal proliferative and apoptotic indexes. This protection was associated with blunt inflammatory responses without significant changes in microbial composition. mRNA expression of Cd62l and Ccr5 homing receptors was reduced in colons of untreated Tollip-/- mice, whereas CD62L+ CD8+ T cells accumulated in the periphery. In Tollip-deficient adenomas Ctla-4 mRNA expression and tumor-infiltrating CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) were decreased. Our data show that protection from CAC in Tollip-deficient mice is associated with defects in lymphocyte accumulation and composition in colitis-associated adenomas., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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12. Treacle controls the nucleolar response to rDNA breaks via TOPBP1 recruitment and ATR activation.
- Author
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Mooser C, Symeonidou IE, Leimbacher PA, Ribeiro A, Shorrocks AK, Jungmichel S, Larsen SC, Knechtle K, Jasrotia A, Zurbriggen D, Jeanrenaud A, Leikauf C, Fink D, Nielsen ML, Blackford AN, and Stucki M
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Motifs, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins genetics, Carrier Proteins genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins metabolism, Cell Nucleolus metabolism, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA, Ribosomal metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Humans, Nuclear Proteins chemistry, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Phosphoproteins chemistry, Phosphoproteins genetics, Protein Binding, RNA, Ribosomal genetics, RNA, Ribosomal metabolism, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins metabolism, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Cell Nucleolus genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, Phosphoproteins metabolism
- Abstract
Induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats is associated with ATM-dependent repression of ribosomal RNA synthesis and large-scale reorganization of nucleolar architecture, but the signaling events that regulate these responses are largely elusive. Here we show that the nucleolar response to rDNA breaks is dependent on both ATM and ATR activity. We further demonstrate that ATM- and NBS1-dependent recruitment of TOPBP1 in the nucleoli is required for inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis and nucleolar segregation in response to rDNA breaks. Mechanistically, TOPBP1 recruitment is mediated by phosphorylation-dependent interactions between three of its BRCT domains and conserved phosphorylated Ser/Thr residues at the C-terminus of the nucleolar phosphoprotein Treacle. Our data thus reveal an important cooperation between TOPBP1 and Treacle in the signaling cascade that triggers transcriptional inhibition and nucleolar segregation in response to rDNA breaks.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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13. Microbiota-derived peptide mimics drive lethal inflammatory cardiomyopathy.
- Author
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Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, De Martin A, Ronchi F, van der Borght K, Niederer R, Onder L, Lütge M, Novkovic M, Nindl V, Ramos G, Arnoldini M, Slack EMC, Boivin-Jahns V, Jahns R, Wyss M, Mooser C, Lambrecht BN, Maeder MT, Rickli H, Flatz L, Eriksson U, Geuking MB, McCoy KD, and Ludewig B
- Subjects
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases immunology, B-Lymphocytes immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Intestines microbiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Transgenic, Myocarditis immunology, Myosin Heavy Chains genetics, Myosin Heavy Chains immunology, Th17 Cells immunology, Autoimmune Diseases complications, Bacteroides immunology, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated immunology, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Myocarditis complications, Peptides immunology, beta-Galactosidase immunology
- Abstract
Myocarditis can develop into inflammatory cardiomyopathy through chronic stimulation of myosin heavy chain 6-specific T helper (T
H )1 and TH 17 cells. However, mechanisms governing the cardiotoxicity programming of heart-specific T cells have remained elusive. Using a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune myocarditis, we show that progression of myocarditis to lethal heart disease depends on cardiac myosin-specific TH 17 cells imprinted in the intestine by a commensal Bacteroides species peptide mimic. Both the successful prevention of lethal disease in mice by antibiotic therapy and the significantly elevated Bacteroides- specific CD4+ T cell and B cell responses observed in human myocarditis patients suggest that mimic peptides from commensal bacteria can promote inflammatory cardiomyopathy in genetically susceptible individuals. The ability to restrain cardiotoxic T cells through manipulation of the microbiome thereby transforms inflammatory cardiomyopathy into a targetable disease., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)- Published
- 2019
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14. Microbiota as a cornerstone in the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis: paving the path for translational diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
- Author
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Mooser C and Ganal-Vonarburg SC
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Progression, Dysbiosis, Mice, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Microbiota
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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15. Standardization in host-microbiota interaction studies: challenges, gnotobiology as a tool, and perspective.
- Author
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Mooser C, Gomez de Agüero M, and Ganal-Vonarburg SC
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Biomedical Research trends, Disease, Germ-Free Life, Humans, Models, Animal, Symbiosis, Biomedical Research methods, Biomedical Research standards, Host Microbial Interactions
- Abstract
Considering the increasing list of diseases linked to the commensal microbiota, experimental studies of host-microbe interactions are of growing interest. Axenic and differently colonized animal models are inalienable tools to study these interactions. Factors, such as host genetics, diet, antibiotics and litter affect microbiota composition and can be confounding factors in many experimental settings. The use of gnotobiotic mice harboring defined microbiotas of different complexity plus additional housing standardization have thus become a gold standard to study the influence of the microbiome on the host. We highlight here the recent advances, challenges and outstanding goals in gnotobiology with the ambition to contribute to the generation of reliable, reproducible and transferrable results, which form the basis for advances in biomedical research., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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16. The immunological functions of the Appendix: An example of redundancy?
- Author
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Girard-Madoux MJH, Gomez de Agüero M, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Mooser C, Belz GT, Macpherson AJ, and Vivier E
- Subjects
- Animals, Appendectomy, Biofilms, Biological Evolution, Heart Diseases etiology, Humans, Immunoglobulin A biosynthesis, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases etiology, Parkinson Disease etiology, Peyer's Patches immunology, Phylogeny, Appendix immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Heart Diseases immunology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases immunology, Lymphoid Tissue immunology, Parkinson Disease immunology, Postoperative Complications immunology
- Abstract
Biological redundancy ensures robustness in living organisms at several levels, from genes to organs. In this review, we explore the concept of redundancy and robustness through an analysis of the caecal appendix, an organ that is often considered to be a redundant remnant of evolution. However, phylogenic data show that the Appendix was selected during evolution and is unlikely to disappear once it appeared. In humans, it is highly conserved and malformations are extremely rare, suggesting a role for that structure. The Appendix could perform a dual role. First, it is a concentrate of lymphoid tissue resembling Peyer's patches and is the primary site for immunoglobulin A production which is crucial to regulate the density and quality of the intestinal flora. Second, given its shape and position, the Appendix could be a unique niche for commensal bacteria in the body. It is extremely rich in biofilms that continuously shed bacteria into the intestinal lumen. The Appendix contains a microbiota as diverse as that found in the colon and could replenish the large intestine with healthy flora after a diarrhea episode. In conditions of modern medicine hygiene, and people live healthy without their appendix. However, several reports suggest that the effects of appendectomy could be subtler and associated with the development of inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), heart disease but also in less expected disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Lack of an Appendix also predicts a worsen outcome for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, which is the first nosocomial infection in hospitals. Here, we review the literature and in combination with our own data, we suggest that the Appendix might be redundant in its immunological function but unique as a reservoir of microbiota., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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17. A Gut Microbial Mimic that Hijacks Diabetogenic Autoreactivity to Suppress Colitis.
- Author
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Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Ronchi F, Wang J, Clemente-Casares X, Yamanouchi J, Sokke Umeshappa C, Yang Y, Blanco J, Bassolas-Molina H, Salas A, Khan H, Slattery RM, Wyss M, Mooser C, Macpherson AJ, Sycuro LK, Serra P, McKay DM, McCoy KD, and Santamaria P
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Bacteroides classification, Bacteroides enzymology, Colitis microbiology, Female, Glucose-6-Phosphatase genetics, Humans, Lymphoid Tissue immunology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred NOD, Middle Aged, Molecular Mimicry, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Autoantigens immunology, Bacteroides immunology, Colitis immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Glucose-6-Phosphatase immunology
- Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to the development of normal immunity but, when dysregulated, can promote autoimmunity through various non-antigen-specific effects on pathogenic and regulatory lymphocytes. Here, we show that an integrase expressed by several species of the gut microbial genus Bacteroides encodes a low-avidity mimotope of the pancreatic β cell autoantigen islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase-catalytic-subunit-related protein (IGRP
206-214 ). Studies in germ-free mice monocolonized with integrase-competent, integrase-deficient, and integrase-transgenic Bacteroides demonstrate that the microbial epitope promotes the recruitment of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells to the gut. There, these effectors suppress colitis by targeting microbial antigen-loaded, antigen-presenting cells in an integrin β7-, perforin-, and major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent manner. Like their murine counterparts, human peripheral blood T cells also recognize Bacteroides integrase. These data suggest that gut microbial antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells may have therapeutic value in inflammatory bowel disease and unearth molecular mimicry as a novel mechanism by which the gut microbiota can regulate normal immune homeostasis. PAPERCLIP., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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18. Polyphenic trait promotes liver cancer in a model of epigenetic instability in mice.
- Author
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Cassano M, Offner S, Planet E, Piersigilli A, Jang SM, Henry H, Geuking MB, Mooser C, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, and Trono D
- Subjects
- Aging genetics, Animals, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Diet, High-Fat, Disease Models, Animal, Epigenomics methods, Female, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Oxidative Stress, Phenotype, Random Allocation, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 28, Carcinogenesis pathology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular genetics, Genomic Instability, Liver Neoplasms genetics, Repressor Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth-most common form of cancer worldwide and carries a high mortality rate attributed to lack of effective treatment. Males are 8 times more likely to develop HCC than females, an effect largely driven by sex hormones, albeit through still poorly understood mechanisms. We previously identified TRIM28 (tripartite protein 28), a scaffold protein capable of recruiting a number of chromatin modifiers, as a crucial mediator of sexual dimorphism in the liver. Trim28
hep-/- mice display sex-specific transcriptional deregulation of a wide range of bile and steroid metabolism genes and development of liver adenomas in males. We now demonstrate that obesity and aging precipitate alterations of TRIM28-dependent transcriptional dynamics, leading to a metabolic infection state responsible for highly penetrant male-restricted hepatic carcinogenesis. Molecular analyses implicate aberrant androgen receptor stimulation, biliary acid disturbances, and altered responses to gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Trim28hep-/- -associated HCC. Correspondingly, androgen deprivation markedly attenuates the frequency and severity of tumors, and raising animals under axenic conditions completely abrogates their abnormal phenotype, even upon high-fat diet challenge., Conclusion: This work underpins how discrete polyphenic traits in epigenetically metastable conditions can contribute to a cancer-prone state and more broadly provides new evidence linking hormonal imbalances, metabolic disturbances, gut microbiota, and cancer. (Hepatology 2017;66:235-251)., (© 2017 The Authors. Hepatology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)- Published
- 2017
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19. T Follicular Helper Cells Promote a Beneficial Gut Ecosystem for Host Metabolic Homeostasis by Sensing Microbiota-Derived Extracellular ATP.
- Author
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Perruzza L, Gargari G, Proietti M, Fosso B, D'Erchia AM, Faliti CE, Rezzonico-Jost T, Scribano D, Mauri L, Colombo D, Pellegrini G, Moregola A, Mooser C, Pesole G, Nicoletti M, Norata GD, Geuking MB, McCoy KD, Guglielmetti S, and Grassi F
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight, Glucose metabolism, Immunoglobulin A metabolism, Intestine, Small microbiology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 deficiency, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 metabolism, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Extracellular Space metabolism, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Homeostasis, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology
- Abstract
The ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor regulates T follicular helper (Tfh) cell abundance in the Peyer's patches (PPs) of the small intestine; deletion of P2rx7, encoding for P2X7, in Tfh cells results in enhanced IgA secretion and binding to commensal bacteria. Here, we show that Tfh cell activity is important for generating a diverse bacterial community in the gut and that sensing of microbiota-derived extracellular ATP via P2X7 promotes the generation of a proficient gut ecosystem for metabolic homeostasis. The results of this study indicate that Tfh cells play a role in host-microbiota mutualism beyond protecting the intestinal mucosa by induction of affinity-matured IgA and suggest that extracellular ATP constitutes an inter-kingdom signaling molecule important for selecting a beneficial microbial community for the host via P2X7-mediated regulation of B cell help., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. RIN1 orchestrates the activation of RAB5 GTPases and ABL tyrosine kinases to determine the fate of EGFR.
- Author
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Balaji K, Mooser C, Janson CM, Bliss JM, Hojjat H, and Colicelli J
- Subjects
- Cell Membrane metabolism, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, HeLa Cells, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunoprecipitation, Microscopy, Confocal, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, ErbB Receptors metabolism, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl metabolism, rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) initiates RAS signaling simultaneously with EGFR internalization. Endocytosed EGFR is then either recycled or degraded. EGFR fate is determined in part by the RAS effector RIN1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAB5 GTPases. EGFR degradation was slowed by RIN1 silencing, enhanced by RIN1 overexpression and accelerated by RIN1 localization to the plasma membrane. RIN1 also directly activates ABL tyrosine kinases, which regulate actin remodeling, a function not previously connected to endocytosis. We report that RIN1-RAB5 signaling favors EGFR downregulation over EGFR recycling, whereas RIN1-ABL signaling stabilizes EGFR and inhibits macropinocytosis. RIN1(QM), a mutant that blocks ABL activation, caused EGF-stimulated membrane ruffling, actin remodeling, dextran uptake and EGFR degradation. An ABL kinase inhibitor phenocopied these effects in cells overexpressing RIN1. EGFR activation also promotes RIN1 interaction with BIN1, a membrane bending protein. These findings suggest that RIN1 orchestrates RAB5 activation, ABL kinase activation and BIN1 recruitment to determine EGFR fate.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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21. Sensitive and rapid detection of ganciclovir resistance by PCR based MALDI-TOF analysis.
- Author
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Zürcher S, Mooser C, Lüthi AU, Mühlemann K, Barbani MT, Mohacsi P, Garzoni C, Gorgievski-Hrisoho M, Schaller A, and Flatz L
- Subjects
- Cytomegalovirus genetics, Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis, Cytomegalovirus Infections virology, DNA Primers, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Mutation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Time Factors, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Cytomegalovirus drug effects, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, Ganciclovir pharmacology, Heart Transplantation adverse effects, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction economics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization economics, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Stem Cell Transplantation adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. Resistance against ganciclovir is increasingly observed. According to current guidelines, direct drug resistance testing is not always performed due to high costs and work effort, even when resistance is suspected., Objectives: To develop a more sensitive, easy applicable and cost-effective assay as proof of concept for direct drug resistance testing in CMV surveillance of post-transplant patients., Study Design: Five consecutive plasma samples from a heart transplant patient with a primary CMV infection were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) as a surrogate marker for therapy failure, and by direct drug resistance detection assays such as Sanger sequencing and the novel primer extension (PEX) reaction matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) based method., Results: This report demonstrates that PEX reaction followed by MALDI-TOF analysis detects the A594V mutation, encoding ganciclovir resistance, ten days earlier compared to Sanger sequencing and more than 30 days prior to an increase in viral load., Conclusion: The greatly increased sensitivity and rapid turnaround-time combined with easy handling and moderate costs indicate that this procedure could make a major contribution to improve transplantation outcomes., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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