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2. Progreso en el programa nacional español de mejora de cebada

Author

Gracia, M. P., Mansour, E., Casas, A. M., Lasa, J. M., Medina, B., Molina-Cano, J. L., Moralejo, M. A., López, A., López-Fuster, P., Escribano, J., Ciudad, F. J., Codesal, P., Montoya, J. L., Igartua, E., and The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)

Subjects
Agriculture, Plant breeding, genetic and genetic resources, food and beverages, agricultura, mejora genética, genotype-by-environment interaction, Hordeum vulgare, pedigree selection, interacción genotipo por ambiente, selección genealógica
Abstract

The Spanish Barley Breeding Program is carried out by four public research organizations, located at the most representative barley growing regions of Spain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the program retrospectively, attending to: i) the progress achieved in grain yield, and ii) the extent and impact of genotype-by-environment interaction of grain yield. Grain yields and flowering dates of 349 advanced lines in generations F8, F9 and F10, plus checks, tested at 163 trials over 11 years were analized. The locations are in the provinces of Albacete, Lleida, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The data are highly unbalanced because the lines stayed at the program for a maximum of three years. Progress was estimated using relative grain yield and mixed models (REML) to homogenize the results among years and locations. There was evident progress in the program over the period studied, with increasing relative yields in each generation, and with advanced lines surpassing the checks in the last two generations, although the rate of progress was uneven across locations. The genetic gain was greater from F8 to F9 than from F9 to F10. The largest non-purely environmental component of variance was genotype-by-location-by-year, meaning that the genotype-by-location pattern was highly unpredictable. The relationship between yield and flowering time overall was weak in the locations under study at this advanced stage of the program. The program can be continued with the same structure, although measures should be taken to explore the causes of slower progress at certain locations., El programa nacional de mejora de cebada se lleva a cabo por cuatro organismos públicos situados en las principales regiones productoras de cebada de España. El objetivo de este estudio es la evaluación retrospectiva de i) el progreso en términos de rendimiento y ii) la magnitud y el efecto de la interacción genotipo-por ambiente del rendimiento en los materiales avanzados. La base de datos utilizada consiste en datos de rendimiento absoluto y relativo y fechas de floración de 349 líneas F8, F9 y F10, además de testigos, evaluadas en 163 ensayos distribuidos en 11 años. Las localidades de ensayo están en las provincias de Albacete, Lleida, Valladolid y Zaragoza. El progreso del programa se estimó utilizando el rendimiento relativo analizado mediante modelos mixtos para homogeneizar los resultados entre años y localidades, que son muy desequilibrados. Se constató la existencia de progreso en el programa, aumentando los rendimientos en cada generación, hasta superar a los testigos, aunque el progreso varió entre provincias y entre localidades. La ganancia genética fue mayor de F8 a F9 que de F9 a F10. El componente de varianza más grande (además de los puramente ambientales) fue el de genotipo por localidad y por año, por lo que los patrones geográficos eran imprevisibles. La relación entre fecha de floración y rendimiento en general fue débil en todas las localidades en esta etapa avanzada del programa. El programa puede continuar con la misma estructura, pero se debería investigar la causa del menor progreso obtenido en algunas localidades.

Published
2012

3. Progress in the Spanish National Barley Breeding Program

Author

Gracia, M. P., primary, Mansour, E., additional, Casas, A. M., additional, Lasa, J. M., additional, Medina, B., additional, Molina-Cano, J. L., additional, Moralejo, M. A., additional, López, A., additional, López-Fuster, P., additional, Escribano, J., additional, Ciudad, F. J., additional, Codesal, P., additional, Montoya, J. L., additional, and Igartua, E., additional

Published
2012
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4. Estudio ecológico mixto en México de la distribución de Aedes aegypti. Implicaciones en las políticas públicas.

Author

Candelario-Mejía, G., Rodríguez-Rivas, A., Muñoz-Urias, A., Ibarra-Montoya, J. L., Chavéz-López, C., Mosso-González, C., Cruz-Bastida, J. M., and Ramírez-García, S. A.

Abstract

Copyright of Revista Médica MD is the property of Comite Editorial de la Revista Medica MD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2015

7. HÁBITAT DEL TECOLOTE MOTEADO MEXICANO (Strix occidentalis lucida) EN TLACHICHILA, ZACATECAS, MÉXICO.

Author

Palma-Cancino, D. Y., Tarango-Arámbula, L. A., Ugalde-Lezama, S., Alcántara-Carbajal, J. L., Ángeles-Pérez, G., Ramírez-Valverde, G., and Martínez-Montoya, J. L.

Subjects
MEXICAN spotted owl, ENDANGERED species, ANIMAL calls, HUMAN-animal communication, OWLS
Abstract

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2014

11. Effectiveness of Twenty-Four Barley Resistance Genes Against Powdery Mildew (<em>Erysiphe graminis</em> DC f. sp. <em>hordei</em> Em. Marchal) in Spain.

Author

Molina-Cano, J. L., Montoya, J. L., Echarte, J., Royo, C., Serra, J., and Marin-Sanchez, J. P.

Subjects
*BARLEY, *ERYSIPHE graminis, *ERYSIPHE, *GENETIC engineering, *MICROBIAL virulence, *PATHOGENIC microorganisms, *HORDEUM
Abstract

Twenty-four near-isogenic barley lines, with a cv. 'Pallas' background, carrying different mildew resistance genes were subjected in 1987, 1989 and 1990 to natural infection by the pathogen at several different and contrasting Spanish sites in order to study its virulence. The virulence genes proved to be geographically grouped into three regions: western (Valladolid), southern (Sevilla) and northern and north-eastern (Navarra, Lleida and Girona). The mildew population of Lleida was more variable when compared with Navarra and Valladolid. Overall, the most effective resistance genes were: Ml-a13 + Ml-(Ru3), mlo and Ml-(1402). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1992
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12. Morphological and Agronomical Diversity Patterns in the Spanish Barley Core Collection

Author

Lasa, J. M., Igartua, E., Ciudad, F. J., Codesal, P., Garcíaa, E. V., Gracia, M. P., Medina, B., Romagosa, I., Molina-Cano, J. L., and Montoya, J. L.

Abstract

Seven thousand years of barley cultivation under the environmental hardships typical of the Mediterranean climate have generated genetic singularity of the Spanish barleys, consistently reported in the literature. From the Spanish National Collection of 2289 accessions, a core subset with 159 landraces and 16 old varieties was constituted. Twenty-seven characters were evaluated for the core collection, to define the structure of the diversity. Several evaluation trials were carried out in 1999—2000, whereas yield trials were performed in earlier years. Phenotypic diversity was large for most of the characters studied. Comparisons of genetic diversity between the core and the original collections suggested that the core is a good representation of the existing diversity in the BNG. Comparisons with results of studies on Spanish materials from other collections seem to indicate that the Spanish diversity is not well represented in some world collections. Principal component analyses for quantitative and qualitative characters revealed a clear distinction between two- and six-row cultivars, and also between landraces and commercial varieties. Geographical origins of the landraces were correlated with grain yield, heading date, duration of grain filling period, and growth class. In relation to diseases, altitude played an important role on the resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust. For brown rust, all the resistant landraces came from low altitudes. These geographical gradients seemed consistent with prior knowledge about barley adaptation, and would confirm the agreement between passport data and true adaptive origin of these landraces from a geographical point of view.

Published
2001
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13. Image Analysis of Grain and Chemical Composition of the Barley Plant as Predictors of Malting Quality in Mediterranean Environments

Author

Moral, L. F. García, Sopena, A., Montoya, J. L., Polo, P., Voltas, J., Codesal, P., Ramos, J. M., and Molina-Cano, J. L.

Abstract

We have explored the possibility of predicting the malting quality of barley grain, indicated by malt extract yield, by characteristics measured either on plants at anthesis or in mature dry grain by image analysis. To produce barley samples with varying levels of all the characteristics studied, we used grain from an experiment designed to study the influence of lowinput husbandry practices on malting quality of barley by growing five malting genotypes at each of four environments (site × season) and with two different agronomic treatments (N fertilization and herbicide-mechanical roguing of weeds). The results showed that nitrogen content in the plant at anthesis was a good predictor of grain protein content, this characteristic in turn being positively correlated with embryo size and grain volume, as estimated by image analysis, and negatively correlated with nonstructural carbohydrate content in the plant at anthesis. Extract yield was positively correlated with Kolbach index (ratio of soluble to total wort protein) and negatively correlated with wort viscosity and barley grain protein content. Thus, the only practical predictor of malt extract was grain protein content.

Published
1998
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14. [3 cases of bone marrow necrosis in acute leukemia].

Author

Montemayor-Montoya JL, De León-Cantú RE, Gómez-Almaguer D, and Herrera-Garza JL

Subjects
Adult, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Bone Marrow Examination, Cerebral Hemorrhage etiology, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Necrosis, Pain etiology, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma drug therapy, Remission Induction, Bone Marrow pathology, Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute pathology, Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute pathology, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma pathology
Abstract

Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is mostly diagnosed at postmortem examination. It has been observed in association with acute leukemia and other malignant diseases. We report here BMN in two patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and one with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in whom the diagnosis was made while alive. Two patients died because of intracranial bleeding. One with AML (M5) developed BMN one week after he was treated with a second course of chemotherapy: he had a complete recovery and remains in remission almost five years after the diagnosis. We conclude that antemortem diagnosis of BMN is technically difficult, but as it is not always associated to a fatal prognosis, an early diagnosis and vigorous supportive therapy should be attempted.

Published
1997

15. Simultaneous determination of carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone and their principal metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection.

Author

Liu H, Delgado M, Forman LJ, Eggers CM, and Montoya JL

Subjects
Anticonvulsants blood, Anticonvulsants urine, Carbamazepine analysis, Carbamazepine blood, Carbamazepine urine, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Phenobarbital analysis, Phenobarbital blood, Phenobarbital urine, Phenytoin analysis, Phenytoin blood, Phenytoin urine, Primidone analysis, Primidone blood, Primidone urine, Saliva chemistry, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Anticonvulsants analysis
Abstract

We have established a precise and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous assay of carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone and their principal metabolites. This method has been used for the analysis of these drugs and the metabolites in serum, saliva and urine samples. Acetonitrile is used for the deproteinization of serum and saliva samples while solid-phase extraction is utilized for urine sample pretreatment. Samples of 2 microliters are injected onto a 3-microns ODS-Hypersil column (250 mm x 2 mm I.D.) with a column temperature of 40 degrees C. The drugs and metabolites are eluted with a mobile phase containing potassium phosphate buffer-acetonitrile-methanol (110:50:30, v/v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.2 ml/min. Signals are monitored by a photodiode-array detector at a sample wavelength of 200 nm with a bandwidth of 10 nm. These four commonly used antiepileptic drugs and their six metabolites are well separated from one another within 15 min. Within-day coefficients of variation (C.V.) are within 5% in most cases and between-day C.V. are from 2.32 to 4.75%. The recovery rates range from 95.12 to 104.42%. This method has the necessary sensitivity and linearity for routine therapeutic monitoring of both total and free drug levels and may be employed for pharmacokinetics studies of drug interactions and metabolism as well.

Published
1993
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16. Determination of free valproic acid: evaluation of the Centrifree system and comparison between high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay.

Author

Liu H, Montoya JL, Forman LJ, Eggers CM, Barham CF, and Delgado M

Subjects
Anticonvulsants blood, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Ultrafiltration, Valproic Acid blood
Abstract

Valproic Acid (VPA) is an important drug for the treatment of several types of seizures because it has a wide spectrum of activity. Since VPA has an unusual nonlinear binding characteristic and a wide interindividual variation, monitoring of its free concentration can be helpful in patient management. The determination of unbound VPA is more difficult because an extra sample preparation step is needed and the concentration of free VPA is low. Free drug monitoring can assume a more important role if there is a refinement in the technology. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with isocratic elution has been established for the analysis of the 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin (BrMMC) derivative of free VPA. This method has a better sensitivity, linearity, and precision than enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Ultrafiltration with the Centrifree system was evaluated for the sample preparation. The influence of centrifuge times, relative centrifugal forces, and the starting sample amounts on the final results of the ultrafiltration were investigated. There was a satisfactory correlation between the free VPA levels determined by the HPLC method and the concentrations obtained by EIA. The total and free VPA were determined on 100 samples from 36 patients. The total VPA levels were in a range of 25 to 208 micrograms/ml, free VPA concentrations ranged from 1.92 to 55.75 micrograms/ml with the free fractions from 7 to 37%.

Published
1992

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