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1. Protection of mRNA vaccines against hospitalized COVID-19 in adults over the first year following authorization in the United States

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Zhu, Yuwei, Naioti, Eric A, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Jensen, Kelly, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, ten Lohuis, Caitlin, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Botros, Mena M, Lauring, Adam S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Turbyfill, Caitlin, Olson, Samantha, Murray, Nancy, Adams, Katherine, and Patel, Manish M

Subjects
Clinical Research, Prevention, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Middle Aged, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, mRNA Vaccines, RNA, Messenger, SARS-CoV-2, United States, Aged, duration of protection, waning, vaccine effectiveness, mRNA, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were authorized in the United States in December 2020. Although vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild infection declines markedly after several months, limited understanding exists on the long-term durability of protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization.MethodsCase-control analysis of adults (≥18 years) hospitalized at 21 hospitals in 18 states 11 March-15 December 2021, including COVID-19 case patients and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-negative controls. We included adults who were unvaccinated or vaccinated with 2 doses of a mRNA vaccine before the date of illness onset. VE over time was assessed using logistic regression comparing odds of vaccination in cases versus controls, adjusting for confounders. Models included dichotomous time (

Published
2023

2. Absolute and Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Primary and Booster Series of COVID-19 Vaccines (mRNA and Adenovirus Vector) Against COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States, December 2021–April 2022

Author

Lewis, Nathaniel M, Murray, Nancy, Adams, Katherine, Surie, Diya, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Ali, Harith, Prekker, Matthew E, Frosch, Anne E, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Lauring, Adam S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Bender, William, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Chappell, James D, Halasa, Natasha, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Rhoads, Jillian P, McMorrow, Meredith L, Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Patel, Manish M, Calhoun, Nicole, Murthy, Kempapura, Herrick, Judy, McKillop, Amanda, Hoffman, Eric, Zayed, Martha, Smith, Michael, Steingrub, Jay, Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Souza, Lesley De, Ouellette, Scott, Bolstad, Michael, Coviello, Brianna, Ciottone, Robert, Devilla, Arnaldo, Grafals, Ana, Higgins, Conor, Ottanelli, Carlo, Redman, Kimberly, Scaffidi, Douglas, Weingart, Alexander, Patel, Manish, Tenforde, Mark, Lewis, Nathaniel, Olson, Samantha, Stephenson, Meagan, McMorrow, Meredith, Tremarelli, Maraia, Turbyfill, Caitlin, Mehkri, Omar, Mitchell, Megan, Griffith, Zachary, Brennan, Connery, Ashok, Kiran, Poynter, Bryan, and Busse, Laurence

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunization, Biotechnology, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Good Health and Well Being, absolute vaccine effectiveness, booster vaccine series, COVID-19, primary vaccine series, relative vaccine effectiveness, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are increasingly reporting relative VE (rVE) comparing a primary series plus booster doses with a primary series only. Interpretation of rVE differs from traditional studies measuring absolute VE (aVE) of a vaccine regimen against an unvaccinated referent group. We estimated aVE and rVE against COVID-19 hospitalization in primary-series plus first-booster recipients of COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsBooster-eligible immunocompetent adults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in the United States during December 25, 2021-April 4, 2022 were included. In a test-negative design, logistic regression with case status as the outcome and completion of primary vaccine series or primary series plus 1 booster dose as the predictors, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate aVE and rVE.ResultsA total of 2060 patients were analyzed, including 1104 COVID-19 cases and 956 controls. Relative VE against COVID-19 hospitalization in boosted mRNA vaccine recipients versus primary series only was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55%-74%); aVE was 81% (95% CI, 75%-86%) for boosted versus 46% (95% CI, 30%-58%) for primary. For boosted Janssen vaccine recipients versus primary series, rVE was 49% (95% CI, -9% to 76%); aVE was 62% (95% CI, 33%-79%) for boosted versus 36% (95% CI, -4% to 60%) for primary.ConclusionsVaccine booster doses increased protection against COVID-19 hospitalization compared with a primary series. Comparing rVE measures across studies can lead to flawed interpretations of the added value of a new vaccination regimen, whereas difference in aVE, when available, may be a more useful metric.

Published
2023

3. Randomised immunogenicity trial comparing 2019-2020 recombinant and egg-based influenza vaccines among frequently vaccinated healthcare personnel in Israel

Author

Fowlkes, Ashley L., Peretz, Alon, Greenberg, David, Hirsch, Avital, Martin, Emily T., Levine, Min Z., Edwards, Laura, Radke, Sarah, Lauring, Adam S., Ferdinands, Jill M., Zhang, Chao, Yoo, Young M., Dreiher, Jacob, Newes-Adeyi, Gabriella, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Fry, Alicia M., Monto, Arnold S., Balicer, Ran, Thompson, Mark G., and Katz, Mark A.

Published
2024
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4. Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Progression to High Disease Severity in the United States

Author

Lewis, Nathaniel M, Self, Wesley H, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Ghamande, Shekhar A, McNeal, Tresa A, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, amuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Busse, Laurence W, Lohuis, Caitlin C ten, Duggal, bhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Lauring, Adam S, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Rhoads, Jillian P, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Adams, Katherine, Patel, Manish M, Tenforde, Mark W, and Collaborators, IVY Network

Subjects
Rare Diseases, Immunization, Clinical Research, Prevention, Vaccine Related, 3.4 Vaccines, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Good Health and Well Being, Ad26COVS1, Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Severity of Illness Index, United States, vaccine effectiveness, viral vector vaccines, IVY Network Collaborators, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

Background . Adults in the United States (US) began receiving the adenovirus vector coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson [Janssen]), in February 2021. We evaluated Ad26.COV2.S vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization and high disease severity during the first 10 months of its use. Methods . In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults (≥18 years) hospitalized 11 March to 15 December 2021, we estimated VE against susceptibility to COVID-19 hospitalization (VEs), comparing odds of prior vaccination with a single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine between hospitalized cases with COVID-19 and controls without COVID-19. Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we estimated VE against disease progression (VEp) to death or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), comparing odds of prior vaccination between patients with and without progression. Results . After excluding patients receiving mRNA vaccines, among 3979 COVID-19 case-patients (5% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S) and 2229 controls (13% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S), VEs of Ad26.COV2.S against COVID-19 hospitalization was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63-75%) overall, including 55% (29-72%) among immunocompromised patients, and 72% (64-77%) among immunocompetent patients, for whom VEs was similar at 14-90 days (73% [59-82%]), 91-180 days (71% [60-80%]), and 181-274 days (70% [54-81%]) postvaccination. Among hospitalized COVID-19 case-patients, VEp was 46% (18-65%) among immunocompetent patients. Conclusions . The Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine reduced the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization by 72% among immunocompetent adults without waning through 6 months postvaccination. After hospitalization for COVID-19, vaccinated immunocompetent patients were less likely to require IMV or die compared to unvaccinated immunocompetent patients.

Published
2022

5. Work Attendance with Acute Respiratory Illness Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, 2018-2022

Author

Ahmed, Faruque, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Zimmerman, Richard K., Bear, Todd, Grijalva, Carlos G., Talbot, H. Keipp, Florea, Ana, Tartof, Sara Y., Gaglani, Manjusha, Smith, Michael, McLean, Huong Q., King, Jennifer P., Martin, Emily T., Monto, Arnold S., Phillips, C. Hallie, Wernli, Karen J., Flannery, Brendan, Chung, Jessie R., and Uzicanin, Amra

Subjects
Epidemics -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- United States, Respiratory tract diseases -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Influenza -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Presenteeism (Labor) -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

COVID-19 cases in the United States, first reported on January 22, 2020, began to increase in March 2020 (1). The pandemic resulted in a substantial number of employed persons being [...]

Published
2023
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6. Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines for Preventing Covid-19 Hospitalizations in the United States

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Patel, Manish M, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Gaglani, Manjusha, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Henning, Daniel J, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Ten Lohuis, Caitlin C, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Gershengorn, Hayley B, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Lauring, Adam S, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Olson, Samantha M, Stephenson, Meagan, Schrag, Stephanie J, Kobayashi, Miwako, Verani, Jennifer R, and Self, Wesley H

Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza, Immunization, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Lung, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Prevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, Humans, Middle Aged, RNA, SARS-CoV-2, United States, mRNA Vaccines, vaccine effectiveness, mRNA vaccines, hospitalized, immunocompromised, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundAs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes.MethodsIn a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults hospitalized March 11-May 5, 2021, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations by comparing odds of prior vaccination with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAmong 1212 participants, including 593 cases and 619 controls, median age was 58 years, 22.8% were Black, 13.9% were Hispanic, and 21.0% had immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B0.1.1.7 (Alpha) was the most common variant (67.9% of viruses with lineage determined). Full vaccination (receipt of 2 vaccine doses ≥14 days before illness onset) had been received by 8.2% of cases and 36.4% of controls. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7-91.3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, and highest in adults aged 18-49 years (97.4%; 95% CI, 79.3-9.7). Among 45 patients with vaccine-breakthrough COVID hospitalizations, 44 (97.8%) were ≥50 years old and 20 (44.4%) had immunosuppression. Vaccine effectiveness was lower among patients with immunosuppression (62.9%; 95% CI,20.8-82.6) than without immunosuppression (91.3%; 95% CI, 85.6-94.8).ConclusionDuring March-May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were highly effective for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations among US adults. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but effectiveness was lower in the immunosuppressed population.

Published
2022

7. Effectiveness of a Third Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Adults — United States, August–December 2021

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Patel, Manish M, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Botros, Mena, Lauring, Adam S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Naioti, Eric A, Adams, Katherine, Lewis, Nathaniel M, Surie, Diya, McMorrow, Meredith L, Self, Wesley H, Calhoun, Nicole, Murthy, Kempapura, Herrick, Judy, McKillop, Amanda, Hoffman, Eric, Zayed, Martha, Smith, Michael, Kindle, Ryan, Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, De Souza, Lesley, Ouellette, Scott, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Mehkri, Omar, Ashok, Kiran, Gole, Susan, King, Alexander, Poynter, Bryan, ten Lohuis, Caitlin, Stanley, Nicholas, Hendrickson, Audrey, Caspers, Sean, Tordsen, Walker, Kaus, Olivia, Scharber, Tyler, Jorgensen, Jeffrey, Bowers, Robert, King, Jennifer, Aston, Valerie, Rothman, Richard E, Ali, Harith, Nair, Rahul, Karow, Sarah, Robart, Emily, Maldonado, Paulo Nunes, Khan, Maryiam, So, Preston, Krol, Olivia, Martinez, Jesus, Zouyed, Zachary, Acosta, Michael, and Bazyarboroujeni, Reihaneh

Subjects
Immunization, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273, Adult, Aged, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Immunization, Secondary, Immunocompetence, Immunocompromised Host, Male, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, United States, Vaccine Efficacy, IVY Network, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna]) provide protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and are highly effective against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among eligible persons who receive 2 doses (1,2). However, vaccine effectiveness (VE) among persons with immunocompromising conditions* is lower than that among immunocompetent persons (2), and VE declines after several months among all persons (3). On August 12, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for a third mRNA vaccine dose as part of a primary series ≥28 days after dose 2 for persons aged ≥12 years with immunocompromising conditions, and, on November 19, 2021, as a booster dose for all adults aged ≥18 years at least 6 months after dose 2, changed to ≥5 months after dose 2 on January 3, 2022 (4,5,6). Among 2,952 adults (including 1,385 COVID-19 case-patients and 1,567 COVID-19-negative controls) hospitalized at 21 U.S. hospitals during August 19-December 15, 2021, effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was compared between adults eligible for but who had not received a third vaccine dose (1,251) and vaccine-eligible adults who received a third dose ≥7 days before illness onset (312). Among 1,875 adults without immunocompromising conditions (including 1,065 [57%] unvaccinated, 679 [36%] 2-dose recipients, and 131 [7%] 3-dose [booster] recipients), VE against COVID-19 hospitalization was higher among those who received a booster dose (97%; 95% CI = 95%-99%) compared with that among 2-dose recipients (82%; 95% CI = 77%-86%) (p

Published
2022

8. Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study

Author

Lauring, Adam S, Tenforde, Mark W, Chappell, James D, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Ten Lohuis, Caitlin C, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Halasa, Natasha, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Adams, Katherine, Schrag, Stephanie J, Olson, Samantha M, Kobayashi, Miwako, Verani, Jennifer R, Patel, Manish M, and Self, Wesley H

Subjects
Genetics, Immunization, Clinical Research, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Comparative Effectiveness Research, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Case-Control Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

ObjectivesTo characterize the clinical severity of covid-19 associated with the alpha, delta, and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants among adults admitted to hospital and to compare the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines to prevent hospital admissions related to each variant.DesignCase-control study.Setting21 hospitals across the United States.Participants11 690 adults (≥18 years) admitted to hospital: 5728 with covid-19 (cases) and 5962 without covid-19 (controls). Patients were classified into SARS-CoV-2 variant groups based on viral whole genome sequencing, and, if sequencing did not reveal a lineage, by the predominant circulating variant at the time of hospital admission: alpha (11 March to 3 July 2021), delta (4 July to 25 December 2021), and omicron (26 December 2021 to 14 January 2022).Main outcome measuresVaccine effectiveness calculated using a test negative design for mRNA vaccines to prevent covid-19 related hospital admissions by each variant (alpha, delta, omicron). Among patients admitted to hospital with covid-19, disease severity on the World Health Organization's clinical progression scale was compared among variants using proportional odds regression.ResultsEffectiveness of the mRNA vaccines to prevent covid-19 associated hospital admissions was 85% (95% confidence interval 82% to 88%) for two vaccine doses against the alpha variant, 85% (83% to 87%) for two doses against the delta variant, 94% (92% to 95%) for three doses against the delta variant, 65% (51% to 75%) for two doses against the omicron variant; and 86% (77% to 91%) for three doses against the omicron variant. In-hospital mortality was 7.6% (81/1060) for alpha, 12.2% (461/3788) for delta, and 7.1% (40/565) for omicron. Among unvaccinated patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital, severity on the WHO clinical progression scale was higher for the delta versus alpha variant (adjusted proportional odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.46), and lower for the omicron versus delta variant (0.61, 0.49 to 0.77). Compared with unvaccinated patients, severity was lower for vaccinated patients for each variant, including alpha (adjusted proportional odds ratio 0.33, 0.23 to 0.49), delta (0.44, 0.37 to 0.51), and omicron (0.61, 0.44 to 0.85).ConclusionsmRNA vaccines were found to be highly effective in preventing covid-19 associated hospital admissions related to the alpha, delta, and omicron variants, but three vaccine doses were required to achieve protection against omicron similar to the protection that two doses provided against the delta and alpha variants. Among adults admitted to hospital with covid-19, the omicron variant was associated with less severe disease than the delta variant but still resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality. Vaccinated patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 had significantly lower disease severity than unvaccinated patients for all the variants.

Published
2022

9. Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death — United States, March 2021–January 2022

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Frosch, Anne E, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Botros, Mena, Lauring, Adam S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Adams, Katherine, Surie, Diya, McMorrow, Meredith L, Patel, Manish M, and Network, IVY

Subjects
Clinical Research, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Immunization, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Good Health and Well Being, 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Respiration, Artificial, United States, Vaccine Efficacy, IVY Network, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna]) are effective at preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization (1-3). However, how well mRNA vaccines protect against the most severe outcomes of these hospitalizations, including invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death is uncertain. Using a case-control design, mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated IMV and in-hospital death was evaluated among adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized at 21 U.S. medical centers during March 11, 2021-January 24, 2022. During this period, the most commonly circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, were B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Previous vaccination (2 or 3 versus 0 vaccine doses before illness onset) in prospectively enrolled COVID-19 case-patients who received IMV or died within 28 days of hospitalization was compared with that among hospitalized control patients without COVID-19. Among 1,440 COVID-19 case-patients who received IMV or died, 307 (21%) had received 2 or 3 vaccine doses before illness onset. Among 6,104 control-patients, 4,020 (66%) had received 2 or 3 vaccine doses. Among the 1,440 case-patients who received IMV or died, those who were vaccinated were older (median age = 69 years), more likely to be immunocompromised* (40%), and had more chronic medical conditions compared with unvaccinated case-patients (median age = 55 years; immunocompromised = 10%; p

Published
2022

11. Relationship between Telework Experience and Presenteeism during COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, March-November 2020

Author

Shafer, Livvy, Ahmed, Faruque, Kim, Sara, Wernli, Karen J., Jackson, Michael L., Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Bear, Todd, Zimmerman, Richard K., Martin, Emily T., Monto, Arnold S., Gaglani, Manjusha, Reis, Michael, Chung, Jessie R., Flannery, Brendan, and Uzicanin, Amra

Subjects
Epidemics -- Surveys -- United States, Telecommuting -- Surveys -- Health aspects, Presenteeism (Labor) -- Surveys -- Health aspects, Telecommuting, Health
Abstract

In response to the then-evolving COVID-19 pandemic, a public health emergency was declared in the United States on January 31, 2020, and several closure and containment policies were subsequently put [...]

Published
2023
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12. Sustained Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults — United States, March–July 2021

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Naioti, Eric A, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Olson, Samantha M, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Gaglani, Manjusha, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Henning, Daniel J, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, ten Lohuis, Caitlin C, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Lauring, Adam S, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Stephenson, Meagan, Schrag, Stephanie J, Kobayashi, Miwako, Verani, Jennifer R, Patel, Manish M, Calhoun, Nicole, Murthy, Kempapura, Herrick, Judy, McKillop, Amanda, Hoffman, Eric, Zayed, Martha, Smith, Michael, Settele, Natalie, Ettlinger, Jason, Priest, Elisa, Thomas, Jennifer, Arroliga, Alejandro, Beeram, Madhava, Kindle, Ryan, Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, De Souza, Lesley, Ouellette, Scott, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Tyler, Patrick, Mehkri, Omar, Ashok, Kiran, Gole, Susan, King, Alexander, Poynter, Bryan, Stanley, Nicholas, Hendrickson, Audrey, Maruggi, Ellen, Scharber, Tyler, Jorgensen, Jeffrey, Bowers, Robert, King, Jennifer, Aston, Valerie, Armbruster, Brent, Rothman, Richard E, Nair, Rahul, Chen, Jen-Ting Tina, Karow, Sarah, Robart, Emily, Maldonado, Paulo Nunes, Khan, Maryiam, and So, Preston

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunization, Clinical Research, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Prevention, 3.4 Vaccines, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, United States, Vaccination, Vaccines, Synthetic, Young Adult, IVY Network Investigators, IVY Network, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

Real-world evaluations have demonstrated high effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations (1-4) measured shortly after vaccination; longer follow-up is needed to assess durability of protection. In an evaluation at 21 hospitals in 18 states, the duration of mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations was assessed among adults aged ≥18 years. Among 3,089 hospitalized adults (including 1,194 COVID-19 case-patients and 1,895 non-COVID-19 control-patients), the median age was 59 years, 48.7% were female, and 21.1% had an immunocompromising condition. Overall, 141 (11.8%) case-patients and 988 (52.1%) controls were fully vaccinated (defined as receipt of the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines ≥14 days before illness onset), with a median interval of 65 days (range = 14-166 days) after receipt of second dose. VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization during the full surveillance period was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82%-88%) overall and 90% (95% CI = 87%-92%) among adults without immunocompromising conditions. VE against COVID-19- associated hospitalization was 86% (95% CI = 82%-90%) 2-12 weeks and 84% (95% CI = 77%-90%) 13-24 weeks from receipt of the second vaccine dose, with no significant change between these periods (p = 0.854). Whole genome sequencing of 454 case-patient specimens found that 242 (53.3%) belonged to the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) lineage and 74 (16.3%) to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) lineage. Effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was sustained over a 24-week period, including among groups at higher risk for severe COVID-19; ongoing monitoring is needed as new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge. To reduce their risk for hospitalization, all eligible persons should be offered COVID-19 vaccination.

Published
2021

13. Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, January–March 2021

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Olson, Samantha M, Self, Wesley H, Talbot, H Keipp, Lindsell, Christopher J, Steingrub, Jay S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Prekker, Matthew E, Brown, Samuel M, Peltan, Ithan D, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Khan, Akram, Exline, Matthew C, Files, D Clark, Gibbs, Kevin W, Stubblefield, William B, Casey, Jonathan D, Rice, Todd W, Grijalva, Carlos G, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gaglani, Manjusha, Murthy, Kempapura, Calhoun, Nicole, Monto, Arnold S, Martin, Emily T, Malani, Anurag, Zimmerman, Richard K, Silveira, Fernanda P, Middleton, Donald B, Zhu, Yuwei, Wyatt, Dayna, Stephenson, Meagan, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Hart, Kimberly W, Kobayashi, Miwako, Verani, Jennifer R, Patel, Manish M, Amosu, Omowunmi, Armbruster, Brent, Aston, Valerie, Bernardo, Marianne, Bowers, Robert, De Souza, Leslie, Friedel, Jennifer, Gardner, Kevin, Goff, Jennifer, Gordon, Alexandra June, Hendrickson, Audrey, Hicks, Madeline, Howell, Michelle, Johnson, Jakea, Jorgensen, Jeffrey, Karow, Sarah, Kozikowski, Lori, Krol, Olivia, Landreth, Leigha, LaRose, Mary, Lopez, Brenda, York, New, Luong, Andrea, McClellan, Bob, Maruggi, Ellen, Miller, Karen, Nair, Rahul, Parks, Lisa, Peers, Jennifer, Perez, Cynthia, Rivera, Adreanne, Roque, Jonasel, Santana, Andres, Scharber, Tyler, Silverman, Emma, Tozier, Michael, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Zouyed, Zachary, Arroliga, Alejandro, Bagiatis, Alicia, Balasubramani, GK, Cheng, Caroline K, Eng, Heather, Ghamande, Shekhar, Herrick, Judy, Hoffman, Eric, Hughes, Kailey, Lamerato, Lois E, Lauring, Adam S, McKillop, Amanda, McNeal, Tresa, McSpadden, EJ, Midturi, John, Mutnal, Manohar, and Nowalk, Mary Patricia

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Immunization, Vaccine Related, 3.4 Vaccines, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Risk Assessment, Treatment Outcome, United States, Vaccination Coverage, Vaccines, Synthetic, IVY Network, HAIVEN Investigators, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

Adults aged ≥65 years are at increased risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19 and were identified as a priority group to receive the first COVID-19 vaccines approved for use under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in the United States (1-3). In an evaluation at 24 hospitals in 14 states,* the effectiveness of partial or full vaccination† with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was assessed among adults aged ≥65 years. Among 417 hospitalized adults aged ≥65 years (including 187 case-patients and 230 controls), the median age was 73 years, 48% were female, 73% were non-Hispanic White, 17% were non-Hispanic Black, 6% were Hispanic, and 4% lived in a long-term care facility. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years was estimated to be 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49%-99%) for full vaccination and 64% (95% CI = 28%-82%) for partial vaccination. These findings are consistent with efficacy determined from clinical trials in the subgroup of adults aged ≥65 years (4,5). This multisite U.S. evaluation under real-world conditions suggests that vaccination provided protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years. Vaccination is a critical tool for reducing severe COVID-19 in groups at high risk.

Published
2021

14. Comparative Effectiveness of Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalizations Among Adults Without Immunocompromising Conditions — United States, March–August 2021

Author

Self, Wesley H, Tenforde, Mark W, Rhoads, Jillian P, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Olson, Samantha M, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Henning, Daniel J, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, ten Lohuis, Caitlin C, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Lauring, Adam S, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Mills, Lisa, Lester, Sandra N, Stumpf, Megan M, Naioti, Eric A, Kobayashi, Miwako, Verani, Jennifer R, Thornburg, Natalie J, Patel, Manish M, Calhoun, Nicole, Murthy, Kempapura, Herrick, Judy, McKillop, Amanda, Hoffman, Eric, Zayed, Martha, Smith, Michael, Seattle, Natalie, Ettlinger, Jason, Priest, Elisa, Thomas, Jennifer, Arroliga, Alejandro, Beeram, Madhava, Kindle, Ryan, Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, De Souza, Lesley, Ouellette, Scott, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Mehkri, Omar, Ashok, Kiran, Gole, Susan, King, Alexander, Poynter, Bryan, Stanley, Nicholas, Hendrickson, Audrey, Maruggi, Ellen, Scharber, Tyler, Jorgensen, Jeffrey, Bowers, Robert, King, Jennifer, Aston, Valerie, Armbruster, Brent, Rothman, Richard E, Nair, Rahul, Chen, Jen-Ting Tina, Karow, Sarah, Robart, Emily, Maldonado, Paulo Nunes, and Khan, Maryiam

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Vaccines, Synthetic, Young Adult, IVY Network, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

Three COVID-19 vaccines are authorized or approved for use among adults in the United States (1,2). Two 2-dose mRNA vaccines, mRNA-1273 from Moderna and BNT162b2 from Pfizer-BioNTech, received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2020 for persons aged ≥18 years and aged ≥16 years, respectively. A 1-dose viral vector vaccine (Ad26.COV2 from Janssen [Johnson & Johnson]) received EUA in February 2021 for persons aged ≥18 years (3). The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine received FDA approval for persons aged ≥16 years on August 23, 2021 (4). Current guidelines from FDA and CDC recommend vaccination of eligible persons with one of these three products, without preference for any specific vaccine (4,5). To assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these three products in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization, CDC and collaborators conducted a case-control analysis among 3,689 adults aged ≥18 years who were hospitalized at 21 U.S. hospitals across 18 states during March 11-August 15, 2021. An additional analysis compared serum antibody levels (anti-spike immunoglobulin G [IgG] and anti-receptor binding domain [RBD] IgG) to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, among 100 healthy volunteers enrolled at three hospitals 2-6 weeks after full vaccination with the Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, or Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. Patients with immunocompromising conditions were excluded. VE against COVID-19 hospitalizations was higher for the Moderna vaccine (93%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 91%-95%) than for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (88%; 95% CI = 85%-91%) (p = 0.011); VE for both mRNA vaccines was higher than that for the Janssen vaccine (71%; 95% CI = 56%-81%) (all p

Published
2021

15. Influenza

Author

Uyeki, Timothy M, Hui, David S, Zambon, Maria, Wentworth, David E, and Monto, Arnold S

Published
2022
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16. Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults and Children With Medically Attended Acute Respiratory Illness Over Three Seasons.

Author

Begley, Katherine M, Leis, Aleda M, Petrie, Joshua G, Truscon, Rachel, Johnson, Emileigh, Lamerato, Lois E, Wei, Melissa, Monto, Arnold S, and Martin, Emily T

Subjects
VIRAL disease prevention, PUBLIC health surveillance, IMMUNIZATION, ACUTE diseases, SEASONS, RESEARCH funding, VACCINE effectiveness, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, RESPIRATORY diseases, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DISEASE prevalence, LONGITUDINAL method, SURVEYS, DISEASES, MEDICAL research, ELECTRONIC health records, MEDICAL records, ACQUISITION of data, CHILDREN, ADULTS
Abstract

Background Data on the true prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among medically attended acute respiratory illnesses (MAARI) has been limited by the lack of regular clinical testing of mild to moderate illnesses. Here we present a prospective evaluation of the epidemiology of RSV-associated MAARI across age groups and multimorbidity status over 3 seasons, which is informative in light of the recommendations for shared decision making for vaccination in older adults. Methods Ambulatory patients ≥6 months of age meeting a common MAARI case definition were prospectively enrolled in the Michigan Ford Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (MFIVE) study, a subsite of the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network. All participants were tested by nasal-throat swab for RSV and influenza, including subtype, independently from clinician-directed testing. Participant illness characteristics and calculated multimorbidity-weighted index (MWI) were collected by in-person survey and electronic medical record review. Results Over 3 surveillance seasons (fall 2017 to spring 2020), 9.9% (n = 441) of 4442 participants had RSV detected. RSV-associated MAARI was more prevalent than influenza for participants 6 months to 4 years of age. Adults with RSV-MAARI had higher median MWI scores overall compared to influenza-MAARI and controls with neither virus (1.62, 0.40, and 0.64, respectively). Conclusions RSV is a significant, underrecognized cause of MAARI in both children and adults presenting for ambulatory care. Multimorbidity is an important contributor to RSV-associated MAARI in outpatient adults, providing information to support shared clinical decision making for vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Interim Estimates of 2019–20 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2020

Author

Dawood, Fatimah S., Chung, Jessie R., Kim, Sara S., Zimmerman, Richard K., Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L., Jackson, Lisa A., Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Gaglani, Manjusha, Dunnigan, Kayan, Foust, Angie, Sessions, Wendy, DaSilva, Juliana, Le, Shoshona, Stark, Thomas, Kondor, Rebecca J., Barnes, John R., Wentworth, David E., Brammer, Lynnette, Fry, Alicia M., Patel, Manish M., and Flannery, Brendan

Published
2020

20. Incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza and RSV and associated presenteeism and absenteeism among healthcare personnel, Israel, influenza seasons 2016 to 2019.

Author

Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Hirsch, Avital, Yoo, Young M., Peretz, Alon, Greenberg, David, Avni, Yonat Shemer, Glatman-Freedman, Aharona, Mandelboim, Michal, MacNeil, Adam, Martin, Emily T., Newes-Adeyi, Gabriella, Thompson, Mark, Monto, Arnold S., Balicer, Ran D., Levine, Min Z., and Katz, Mark A.

Published
2024
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21. Post-recovery health domain scores among outpatients by SARS-CoV-2 testing status during the pre-Delta period

Author

King, Jennifer P., primary, Chung, Jessie R., additional, Donahue, James G., additional, Martin, Emily T., additional, Leis, Aleda M., additional, Monto, Arnold S., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, Dunnigan, Kayan, additional, Raiyani, Chandni, additional, Saydah, Sharon, additional, Flannery, Brendan, additional, and Belongia, Edward A., additional

Published
2024
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23. Effectiveness of Bivalent mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years

Author

Feldstein, Leora R., primary, Britton, Amadea, additional, Grant, Lauren, additional, Wiegand, Ryan, additional, Ruffin, Jasmine, additional, Babu, Tara M., additional, Briggs Hagen, Melissa, additional, Burgess, Jefferey L., additional, Caban-Martinez, Alberto J., additional, Chu, Helen Y., additional, Ellingson, Katherine D., additional, Englund, Janet A., additional, Hegmann, Kurt T., additional, Jeddy, Zuha, additional, Lauring, Adam S., additional, Lutrick, Karen, additional, Martin, Emily T., additional, Mathenge, Clare, additional, Meece, Jennifer, additional, Midgley, Claire M., additional, Monto, Arnold S., additional, Newes-Adeyi, Gabriella, additional, Odame-Bamfo, Leah, additional, Olsho, Lauren E. W., additional, Phillips, Andrew L., additional, Rai, Ramona P., additional, Saydah, Sharon, additional, Smith, Ning, additional, Steinhardt, Laura, additional, Tyner, Harmony, additional, Vandermeer, Meredith, additional, Vaughan, Molly, additional, Yoon, Sarang K., additional, Gaglani, Manjusha, additional, and Naleway, Allison L., additional

Published
2024
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24. Interim Estimates of 2018–19 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2019

Author

Doyle, Joshua D., Chung, Jessie R., Kim, Sara S., Gaglani, Manjusha, Raiyani, Chandni, Zimmerman, Richard K., Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L., Jackson, Lisa A., Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Foust, Angie, Sessions, Wendy, Berman, LaShondra, Garten, Rebecca J., Barnes, John R., Wentworth, David E., Fry, Alicia M., Patel, Manish M., and Flannery, Brendan

Published
2019

26. Effectiveness of Monovalent mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19--Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death Among Immunocompetent Adults During the Omicron Variant Period--IVY Network, 19 U.S. States, February 1, 2022-January 31, 2023

Author

DeCuir, Jennifer, Surie, Diya, Zhu, Yuwei, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A., Douin, David J., Talbot, H. Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D., Mohr, Nicholas M., McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W., Files, D. Clark, Hager, David N., Phan, Minh, Prekker, Matthew E., Gong, Michelle N., Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J., Steingrub, Jay S., Peltan, Ithan D., Brown, Samuel M., Martin, Emily T., Monto, Arnold S., Khan, Akram, Bender, William S., Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G., Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y., Mallow, Christopher, Kwon, Jennie H., Exline, Matthew C., Lauring, Adam S., Shapiro, Nathan I., Columbus, Cristie, Gottlieb, Robert, Vaughn, Ivana A., Ramesh, Mayur, Lamerato, Lois E., Safdar, Basmah, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D., Grijalva, Carlos G., Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N., Rhoads, Jillian P., Hart, Kimberly W., Swan, Sydney A., Lewis, Nathaniel, McMorrow, Meredith L., and Self, Wesley H.

Subjects
United States. National Institutes of Health -- Analysis, Vaccination -- Analysis, Messenger RNA -- Analysis, Adults -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

As of April 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 1.1 million deaths in the United States, with approximately 75% of deaths occurring among adults aged [greater than or equal [...]

Published
2023

27. Influence of Birth Cohort on Effectiveness of 2015–2016 Influenza Vaccine Against Medically Attended Illness Due to 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in the United States

Author

Flannery, Brendan, Smith, Catherine, Garten, Rebecca J., Levine, Min Z., Chung, Jessie R., Jackson, Michael L., Jackson, Lisa A., Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Gaglani, Manjusha, Murthy, Kempapura, Zimmerman, Richard, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Griffin, Marie R., Talbot, H. Keipp, Treanor, John J., Wentworth, David E., and Fry, Alicia M.

Published
2018

29. Influenza Antiviral Prescribing for Outpatients With an Acute Respiratory Illness and at High Risk for Influenza-Associated Complications During 5 Influenza Seasons—United States, 2011–2016

Author

Stewart, Rebekah J., Flannery, Brendan, Chung, Jessie R., Gaglani, Manjusha, Reis, Michael, Zimmerman, Richard K., Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Lisa, Jackson, Michael L., Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Fry, Alicia M., and Havers, Fiona P.

Published
2018

35. Research findings from nonpharmaceutical intervention studies for pandemic influenza and current gaps in the research

Author

Aiello, Allison E, Coulborn, Rebecca M, Aragon, Tomas J, Baker, Michael G, Burrus, Barri B, Cowling, Benjamin J, Duncan, Alasdair, Enanoria, Wayne, Fabian, M. Patricia, Ferng, Yu-hui, Larson, Elaine L, Leung, Gabriel M, Markel, Howard, Milton, Donald K, Monto, Arnold S, Morse, Stephen S, Navarro, J. Alexander, Park, Sarah Y, Priest, Patricia, Stebbins, Samuel, Stern, Alexandra M, Uddin, Monica, Wetterhall, Scott F, and Vukotich, Charles J

Published
2010

47. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Strain Selection: Guidance From Influenza

Author

Monto, Arnold S, Lauring, Adam S, and Martin, Emily T

Subjects
COVID-19 Vaccines, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, Human, Humans, COVID-19, Immunology and Allergy, Perspectives
Abstract

When first approved, many hoped that the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would provide long-term protection after a primary series. Waning of immunity and continued appearance of new variants has made booster inoculations necessary. The process is becoming increasingly similar to that used for annual updating of the influenza vaccine. The similarity has become even more apparent with selection of BA.4/BA.5 as the Omicron strain of the updated bivalent (Original + Omicron) COVID-19 vaccines. It is hoped that, if COVID-19 develops winter seasonality, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will require only annual review to determine if updates are necessary. Recommendations on whom should receive the booster would be based on conditions at that time.

Published
2022
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