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1. Appendectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: a multicenter ambispective cohort study by the Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and new technologies (the CRAC study)

Author: Sartori, A, Podda, M, Botteri, E, Passera, R, Agresta, F, Arezzo, A, Guerrieri, M, Ortenzi, M, Cavallo, F, Zese, M, Prando, D, Restini, E, Cianci, P, Millo, P, Brachet Contul, R, Serrao, A, Abatini, F, Altomare, D, Picciariello, A, Chetta, G, Lattanzio, F, Tonini, V, Gori, A, Jovine, E, Mastrangelo, L, Sartarelli, L, Frena, A, Malpaga, A, Bertelli, F, Pignata, G, Andreuccetti, J, Sanna, S, Lares, B, Sechi, R, Cillara, N, Pisanu, A, Delogu, D, Ciaccio, G, Farulla, M, Casati, M, Laface, L, De Luca, M, Russello, D, Latteri, S, Longoni, M, Masci, E, Vigna, S, Campanile, F, Foti, N, Lepiane, P, Balla, A, Cantore, F, Raveglia, V, Borghi, F, Giraudo, G, Verzelli, A, Budassi, A, Patriti, A, Foghetti, D, Montin, U, Amadio, L, Anania, G, Bombardini, C, Fabbri, N, Feo, C, Cianchi, F, Manetti, A, Lucchese, M, Soricelli, E, Ceccarelli, G, Patiti, M, Frascio, M, Stabilini, C, Filauro, M, Barberis, A, Troian, M, Nagliati, C, Campagnacci, R, Maurizi, A, Berti, S, Gennai, A, Marvaso, A, D'Antonio, D, Mazzola, L, Selvaggi, F, Carini, S, Costanzo, F, Boccia, L, Pascariello, A, Perrotta, N, Celiento, M, Opocher, E, Giovenzana, M, Stella, M, Ferrara, F, Boni, L, Abate, E, Da Lio, C, Valli, V, Gelmini, R, Serra, F, Piccoli, M, Gozzo, D, Gattolin, A, Sasia, D, Balani, A, Petronio, B, Calo, P, Canu, G, Contarini, E, Piatto, G, Vettoretto, N, Caprioli, M, Braga, M, Chiappetta, M, Maida, P, Tammaro, P, De Palma, G, Milone, M, Bottino, V, Canfora, A, Bagaglini, G, Agrusa, A, Barone, M, Mirabella, A, Marino, M, Gulotta, G, Romano, G, Sorrentino, M, Ferfoglia, S, Papagni, V, Eramo, S, Boselli, C, Basti, M, Caracino, V, Moretto, G, Inama, M, Capelli, P, Conti, L, Muratore, A, Cuoghi, M, Zerbinati, A, Corso, S, Vasino, M, Montuori, M, Fidanza, F, Lucchetta, A, Giuliani, A, Dinatale, G, Zanzi, F, Guariniello, A, Bonilauri, S, Frazzetta, G, Garino, M, Marafante, C, Gioffre, A, Del Monte, S, Sganga, G, Fransvea, P, Grande, M, Siragusa, L, Sica, G, Paola, M, Passantino, D, Catani, M, Ricci, F, Lauro, E, Facci, E, Parini, D, Armellino, M, Argenio, G, Porcu, A, Perra, T, Bordoni, P, Fleres, F, Parisi, A, Rossi, S, Saracco, R, Bono, D, Viora, T, Orlando, F, Ferrero, A, Fontana, A, De Paolis, P, Visconti, D, Quaglino, F, Festa, F, Palagi, S, Lo Secco, G, Morino, M, Allaix, M, Salzano, A, Tirone, G, Motter, M, Zanus, G, Passuello, N, Massani, M, Tutino, R, Manzini, N, Terranova, S, Merenda, R, Nordio, S, Zonta, S, Lovisetto, F, Guglielmi, A, Campagnaro, T, Amedeo, E, Scollica, M, Amodio, P, Giannotti, D, Olmi, S, Oldani, A, Sartori A., Podda M., Botteri E., Passera R., Agresta F., Arezzo A., Guerrieri M., Ortenzi M., Cavallo F., Zese M., Prando D., Restini E., Cianci P., Millo P., Brachet Contul R., Serrao A., Abatini F., Altomare D. F., Picciariello A., Chetta G., Lattanzio F., Tonini V., Gori A., Jovine E., Mastrangelo L., Sartarelli L., Frena A., Malpaga A., Bertelli F., Pignata G., Andreuccetti J., Sanna S., Lares B., Sechi R., Cillara N., Pisanu A., Delogu D., Ciaccio G., Farulla M., Casati M., Laface L., De Luca M., Russello D., Latteri S., Longoni M., Masci E., Vigna S., Campanile F. C., Foti N., Lepiane P., Balla A., Cantore F., Raveglia V., Borghi F., Giraudo G., Verzelli A., Budassi A., Patriti A., Foghetti D., Montin U., Amadio L., Anania G., Bombardini C., Fabbri N., Feo C., Cianchi F., Manetti A., Lucchese M., Soricelli E., Ceccarelli G., Patiti M., Frascio M., Stabilini C., Filauro M., Barberis A., Troian M., Nagliati C., Campagnacci R., Maurizi A., Berti S., Gennai A., Marvaso A., D'Antonio D., Feo C. V., Mazzola L., Selvaggi F., Carini S., Costanzo F., Boccia L., Pascariello A., Perrotta N., Celiento M., Opocher E., Giovenzana M., Stella M., Ferrara F., Boni L., Abate E., Da Lio C., Valli V., Gelmini R., Serra F., Piccoli M., Gozzo D., Gattolin A., Sasia D., Balani A., Petronio B., Calo P. G., Canu G. L., Contarini E., Piatto G., Vettoretto N., Caprioli M., Braga M., Chiappetta M. F., Maida P., Tammaro P., De Palma G., Milone M., Bottino V., Canfora A., Bagaglini G., Agrusa A., Barone M., Mirabella A., Marino M. V., Gulotta G., Romano G., Sorrentino M., Ferfoglia S., Papagni V., Eramo S., Boselli C., Basti M., Caracino V., Moretto G., Inama M., Capelli P., Conti L., Muratore A., Cuoghi M. M., Zerbinati A., Corso S., Vasino M. C., Montuori M., Fidanza F., Lucchetta A., Giuliani A., Dinatale G., Zanzi F., Guariniello A., Bonilauri S., Frazzetta G., Garino M., Marafante C., Gioffre A., Del Monte S. R., Sganga G., Fransvea P., Grande M., Siragusa L., Sica G., Paola M., Passantino D. G., Catani M., Ricci F., Lauro E., Facci E., Parini D., Armellino M. F., Argenio G., Porcu A., Perra T., Bordoni P., Fleres F., Parisi A., Rossi S., Saracco R., Bono D., Viora T., Orlando F., Ferrero A., Fontana A. P., De Paolis P., Visconti D., Quaglino F., Festa F., Palagi S., Lo Secco G., Morino M., Allaix M. E., Salzano A., Tirone G., Motter M., Zanus G., Passuello N., Massani M., Tutino R., Manzini N., Terranova S., Merenda R., Nordio S., Zonta S., Lovisetto F., Guglielmi A., Campagnaro T., Amedeo E., Scollica M., Amodio P., Giannotti D., Olmi S., Oldani A., Sartori, A, Podda, M, Botteri, E, Passera, R, Agresta, F, Arezzo, A, Guerrieri, M, Ortenzi, M, Cavallo, F, Zese, M, Prando, D, Restini, E, Cianci, P, Millo, P, Brachet Contul, R, Serrao, A, Abatini, F, Altomare, D, Picciariello, A, Chetta, G, Lattanzio, F, Tonini, V, Gori, A, Jovine, E, Mastrangelo, L, Sartarelli, L, Frena, A, Malpaga, A, Bertelli, F, Pignata, G, Andreuccetti, J, Sanna, S, Lares, B, Sechi, R, Cillara, N, Pisanu, A, Delogu, D, Ciaccio, G, Farulla, M, Casati, M, Laface, L, De Luca, M, Russello, D, Latteri, S, Longoni, M, Masci, E, Vigna, S, Campanile, F, Foti, N, Lepiane, P, Balla, A, Cantore, F, Raveglia, V, Borghi, F, Giraudo, G, Verzelli, A, Budassi, A, Patriti, A, Foghetti, D, Montin, U, Amadio, L, Anania, G, Bombardini, C, Fabbri, N, Feo, C, Cianchi, F, Manetti, A, Lucchese, M, Soricelli, E, Ceccarelli, G, Patiti, M, Frascio, M, Stabilini, C, Filauro, M, Barberis, A, Troian, M, Nagliati, C, Campagnacci, R, Maurizi, A, Berti, S, Gennai, A, Marvaso, A, D'Antonio, D, Mazzola, L, Selvaggi, F, Carini, S, Costanzo, F, Boccia, L, Pascariello, A, Perrotta, N, Celiento, M, Opocher, E, Giovenzana, M, Stella, M, Ferrara, F, Boni, L, Abate, E, Da Lio, C, Valli, V, Gelmini, R, Serra, F, Piccoli, M, Gozzo, D, Gattolin, A, Sasia, D, Balani, A, Petronio, B, Calo, P, Canu, G, Contarini, E, Piatto, G, Vettoretto, N, Caprioli, M, Braga, M, Chiappetta, M, Maida, P, Tammaro, P, De Palma, G, Milone, M, Bottino, V, Canfora, A, Bagaglini, G, Agrusa, A, Barone, M, Mirabella, A, Marino, M, Gulotta, G, Romano, G, Sorrentino, M, Ferfoglia, S, Papagni, V, Eramo, S, Boselli, C, Basti, M, Caracino, V, Moretto, G, Inama, M, Capelli, P, Conti, L, Muratore, A, Cuoghi, M, Zerbinati, A, Corso, S, Vasino, M, Montuori, M, Fidanza, F, Lucchetta, A, Giuliani, A, Dinatale, G, Zanzi, F, Guariniello, A, Bonilauri, S, Frazzetta, G, Garino, M, Marafante, C, Gioffre, A, Del Monte, S, Sganga, G, Fransvea, P, Grande, M, Siragusa, L, Sica, G, Paola, M, Passantino, D, Catani, M, Ricci, F, Lauro, E, Facci, E, Parini, D, Armellino, M, Argenio, G, Porcu, A, Perra, T, Bordoni, P, Fleres, F, Parisi, A, Rossi, S, Saracco, R, Bono, D, Viora, T, Orlando, F, Ferrero, A, Fontana, A, De Paolis, P, Visconti, D, Quaglino, F, Festa, F, Palagi, S, Lo Secco, G, Morino, M, Allaix, M, Salzano, A, Tirone, G, Motter, M, Zanus, G, Passuello, N, Massani, M, Tutino, R, Manzini, N, Terranova, S, Merenda, R, Nordio, S, Zonta, S, Lovisetto, F, Guglielmi, A, Campagnaro, T, Amedeo, E, Scollica, M, Amodio, P, Giannotti, D, Olmi, S, Oldani, A, Sartori A., Podda M., Botteri E., Passera R., Agresta F., Arezzo A., Guerrieri M., Ortenzi M., Cavallo F., Zese M., Prando D., Restini E., Cianci P., Millo P., Brachet Contul R., Serrao A., Abatini F., Altomare D. F., Picciariello A., Chetta G., Lattanzio F., Tonini V., Gori A., Jovine E., Mastrangelo L., Sartarelli L., Frena A., Malpaga A., Bertelli F., Pignata G., Andreuccetti J., Sanna S., Lares B., Sechi R., Cillara N., Pisanu A., Delogu D., Ciaccio G., Farulla M., Casati M., Laface L., De Luca M., Russello D., Latteri S., Longoni M., Masci E., Vigna S., Campanile F. C., Foti N., Lepiane P., Balla A., Cantore F., Raveglia V., Borghi F., Giraudo G., Verzelli A., Budassi A., Patriti A., Foghetti D., Montin U., Amadio L., Anania G., Bombardini C., Fabbri N., Feo C., Cianchi F., Manetti A., Lucchese M., Soricelli E., Ceccarelli G., Patiti M., Frascio M., Stabilini C., Filauro M., Barberis A., Troian M., Nagliati C., Campagnacci R., Maurizi A., Berti S., Gennai A., Marvaso A., D'Antonio D., Feo C. V., Mazzola L., Selvaggi F., Carini S., Costanzo F., Boccia L., Pascariello A., Perrotta N., Celiento M., Opocher E., Giovenzana M., Stella M., Ferrara F., Boni L., Abate E., Da Lio C., Valli V., Gelmini R., Serra F., Piccoli M., Gozzo D., Gattolin A., Sasia D., Balani A., Petronio B., Calo P. G., Canu G. L., Contarini E., Piatto G., Vettoretto N., Caprioli M., Braga M., Chiappetta M. F., Maida P., Tammaro P., De Palma G., Milone M., Bottino V., Canfora A., Bagaglini G., Agrusa A., Barone M., Mirabella A., Marino M. V., Gulotta G., Romano G., Sorrentino M., Ferfoglia S., Papagni V., Eramo S., Boselli C., Basti M., Caracino V., Moretto G., Inama M., Capelli P., Conti L., Muratore A., Cuoghi M. M., Zerbinati A., Corso S., Vasino M. C., Montuori M., Fidanza F., Lucchetta A., Giuliani A., Dinatale G., Zanzi F., Guariniello A., Bonilauri S., Frazzetta G., Garino M., Marafante C., Gioffre A., Del Monte S. R., Sganga G., Fransvea P., Grande M., Siragusa L., Sica G., Paola M., Passantino D. G., Catani M., Ricci F., Lauro E., Facci E., Parini D., Armellino M. F., Argenio G., Porcu A., Perra T., Bordoni P., Fleres F., Parisi A., Rossi S., Saracco R., Bono D., Viora T., Orlando F., Ferrero A., Fontana A. P., De Paolis P., Visconti D., Quaglino F., Festa F., Palagi S., Lo Secco G., Morino M., Allaix M. E., Salzano A., Tirone G., Motter M., Zanus G., Passuello N., Massani M., Tutino R., Manzini N., Terranova S., Merenda R., Nordio S., Zonta S., Lovisetto F., Guglielmi A., Campagnaro T., Amedeo E., Scollica M., Amodio P., Giannotti D., Olmi S., and Oldani A.
Abstract: Major surgical societies advised using non-operative management of appendicitis and suggested against laparoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis is that a significant reduction in the number of emergent appendectomies was observed during the pandemic, restricted to complex cases. The study aimed to analyse emergent surgical appendectomies during pandemic on a national basis and compare it to the same period of the previous year. This is a multicentre, retrospective, observational study investigating the outcomes of patients undergoing emergent appendectomy in March–April 2019 vs March–April 2020. The primary outcome was the number of appendectomies performed, classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) score. Secondary outcomes were the type of surgical technique employed (laparoscopic vs open) and the complication rates. One thousand five hundred forty one patients with acute appendicitis underwent surgery during the two study periods. 1337 (86.8%) patients met the inclusion criteria: 546 (40.8%) patients underwent surgery for acute appendicitis in 2020 and 791 (59.2%) in 2019. According to AAST, patients with complicated appendicitis operated in 2019 were 30.3% vs 39.9% in 2020 (p = 0.001). We observed an increase in the number of post-operative complications in 2020 (15.9%) compared to 2019 (9.6%) (p < 0.001). The following determinants increased the likelihood of complication occurrence: undergoing surgery during 2020 (+ 67%), the increase of a unit in the AAST score (+ 26%), surgery performed > 24 h after admission (+ 58%), open surgery (+ 112%) and conversion to open surgery (+ 166%). In Italian hospitals, in March and April 2020, the number of appendectomies has drastically dropped. During the first pandemic wave, patients undergoing surgery were more frequently affected by more severe appendicitis than the previous year's timeframe and experienced a higher number of complications. Trial registrat
Published: 2021

2. Appendectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: a multicenter ambispective cohort study by the Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and new technologies (the CRAC study)

Author: Sartori A., Podda M., Botteri E., Passera R., Agresta F., Arezzo A., Guerrieri M., Ortenzi M., Cavallo F., Zese M., Prando D., Restini E., Cianci P., Millo P., Brachet Contul R., Serrao A., Abatini F., Altomare D. F., Picciariello A., Chetta G., Lattanzio F., Tonini V., Gori A., Jovine E., Mastrangelo L., Sartarelli L., Frena A., Malpaga A., Bertelli F., Pignata G., Andreuccetti J., Sanna S., Lares B., Sechi R., Cillara N., Pisanu A., Delogu D., Ciaccio G., Farulla M., Casati M., Laface L., De Luca M., Russello D., Latteri S., Longoni M., Masci E., Vigna S., Campanile F. C., Foti N., Lepiane P., Balla A., Cantore F., Raveglia V., Borghi F., Giraudo G., Verzelli A., Budassi A., Patriti A., Foghetti D., Montin U., Amadio L., Anania G., Bombardini C., Fabbri N., Feo C., Cianchi F., Manetti A., Lucchese M., Soricelli E., Ceccarelli G., Patiti M., Frascio M., Stabilini C., Filauro M., Barberis A., Troian M., Nagliati C., Campagnacci R., Maurizi A., Berti S., Gennai A., Marvaso A., D'Antonio D., Feo C. V., Mazzola L., Selvaggi F., Carini S., Costanzo F., Boccia L., Pascariello A., Perrotta N., Celiento M., Opocher E., Giovenzana M., Stella M., Ferrara F., Boni L., Abate E., Da Lio C., Valli V., Gelmini R., Serra F., Piccoli M., Gozzo D., Gattolin A., Sasia D., Balani A., Petronio B., Calo P. G., Canu G. L., Contarini E., Piatto G., Vettoretto N., Caprioli M., Braga M., Chiappetta M. F., Maida P., Tammaro P., De Palma G., Milone M., Bottino V., Canfora A., Bagaglini G., Agrusa A., Barone M., Mirabella A., Marino M. V., Gulotta G., Romano G., Sorrentino M., Ferfoglia S., Papagni V., Eramo S., Boselli C., Basti M., Caracino V., Moretto G., Inama M., Capelli P., Conti L., Muratore A., Cuoghi M. M., Zerbinati A., Corso S., Vasino M. C., Montuori M., Fidanza F., Lucchetta A., Giuliani A., Dinatale G., Zanzi F., Guariniello A., Bonilauri S., Frazzetta G., Garino M., Marafante C., Gioffre A., Del Monte S. R., Sganga G., Fransvea P., Grande M., Siragusa L., Sica G., Paola M., Passantino D. G., Catani M., Ricci F., Lauro E., Facci E., Parini D., Armellino M. F., Argenio G., Porcu A., Perra T., Bordoni P., Fleres F., Parisi A., Rossi S., Saracco R., Bono D., Viora T., Orlando F., Ferrero A., Fontana A. P., De Paolis P., Visconti D., Quaglino F., Festa F., Palagi S., Lo Secco G., Morino M., Allaix M. E., Salzano A., Tirone G., Motter M., Zanus G., Passuello N., Massani M., Tutino R., Manzini N., Terranova S., Merenda R., Nordio S., Zonta S., Lovisetto F., Guglielmi A., Campagnaro T., Amedeo E., Scollica M., Amodio P., Giannotti D., Olmi S., Oldani A., Sartori, A., Podda, M., Botteri, E., Passera, R., Agresta, F., Arezzo, A., Guerrieri, M., Ortenzi, M., Cavallo, F., Zese, M., Prando, D., Restini, E., Cianci, P., Millo, P., Brachet Contul, R., Serrao, A., Abatini, F., Altomare, D. F., Picciariello, A., Chetta, G., Lattanzio, F., Tonini, V., Gori, A., Jovine, E., Mastrangelo, L., Sartarelli, L., Frena, A., Malpaga, A., Bertelli, F., Pignata, G., Andreuccetti, J., Sanna, S., Lares, B., Sechi, R., Cillara, N., Pisanu, A., Delogu, D., Ciaccio, G., Farulla, M., Casati, M., Laface, L., De Luca, M., Russello, D., Latteri, S., Longoni, M., Masci, E., Vigna, S., Campanile, F. C., Foti, N., Lepiane, P., Balla, A., Cantore, F., Raveglia, V., Borghi, F., Giraudo, G., Verzelli, A., Budassi, A., Patriti, A., Foghetti, D., Montin, U., Amadio, L., Anania, G., Bombardini, C., Fabbri, N., Feo, C., Cianchi, F., Manetti, A., Lucchese, M., Soricelli, E., Ceccarelli, G., Patiti, M., Frascio, M., Stabilini, C., Filauro, M., Barberis, A., Troian, M., Nagliati, C., Campagnacci, R., Maurizi, A., Berti, S., Gennai, A., Marvaso, A., D'Antonio, D., Feo, C. V., Mazzola, L., Selvaggi, F., Carini, S., Costanzo, F., Boccia, L., Pascariello, A., Perrotta, N., Celiento, M., Opocher, E., Giovenzana, M., Stella, M., Ferrara, F., Boni, L., Abate, E., Da Lio, C., Valli, V., Gelmini, R., Serra, F., Piccoli, M., Gozzo, D., Gattolin, A., Sasia, D., Balani, A., Petronio, B., Calo, P. G., Canu, G. L., Contarini, E., Piatto, G., Vettoretto, N., Caprioli, M., Braga, M., Chiappetta, M. F., Maida, P., Tammaro, P., De Palma, G., Milone, M., Bottino, V., Canfora, A., Bagaglini, G., Agrusa, A., Barone, M., Mirabella, A., Marino, M. V., Gulotta, G., Romano, G., Sorrentino, M., Ferfoglia, S., Papagni, V., Eramo, S., Boselli, C., Basti, M., Caracino, V., Moretto, G., Inama, M., Capelli, P., Conti, L., Muratore, A., Cuoghi, M. M., Zerbinati, A., Corso, S., Vasino, M. C., Montuori, M., Fidanza, F., Lucchetta, A., Giuliani, A., Dinatale, G., Zanzi, F., Guariniello, A., Bonilauri, S., Frazzetta, G., Garino, M., Marafante, C., Gioffre, A., Del Monte, S. R., Sganga, G., Fransvea, P., Grande, M., Siragusa, L., Sica, G., Paola, M., Passantino, D. G., Catani, M., Ricci, F., Lauro, E., Facci, E., Parini, D., Armellino, M. F., Argenio, G., Porcu, A., Perra, T., Bordoni, P., Fleres, F., Parisi, A., Rossi, S., Saracco, R., Bono, D., Viora, T., Orlando, F., Ferrero, A., Fontana, A. P., De Paolis, P., Visconti, D., Quaglino, F., Festa, F., Palagi, S., Lo Secco, G., Morino, M., Allaix, M. E., Salzano, A., Tirone, G., Motter, M., Zanus, G., Passuello, N., Massani, M., Tutino, R., Manzini, N., Terranova, S., Merenda, R., Nordio, S., Zonta, S., Lovisetto, F., Guglielmi, A., Campagnaro, T., Amedeo, E., Scollica, M., Amodio, P., Giannotti, D., Olmi, S., Oldani, A., Sartori A., Podda M., Botteri E., Passera R., Agresta F., Arezzo A., Guerrieri M., Ortenzi M., Cavallo F., Zese M., Prando D., Restini E., Cianci P., Millo P., Brachet Contul R., Serrao A., Abatini F., Altomare D.F., Picciariello A., Chetta G., Lattanzio F., Tonini V., Gori A., Jovine E., Mastrangelo L., Sartarelli L., Frena A., Malpaga A., Bertelli F., Pignata G., Andreuccetti J., Sanna S., Lares B., Sechi R., Cillara N., Pisanu A., Delogu D., Ciaccio G., Farulla M., Casati M., Laface L., De Luca M., Russello D., Latteri S., Longoni M., Masci E., Vigna S., Campanile F.C., Foti N., Lepiane P., Balla A., Cantore F., Raveglia V., Borghi F., Giraudo G., Verzelli A., Budassi A., Patriti A., Foghetti D., Montin U., Amadio L., Anania G., Bombardini C., Fabbri N., Feo C., Cianchi F., Manetti A., Lucchese M., Soricelli E., Ceccarelli G., Patiti M., Frascio M., Stabilini C., Filauro M., Barberis A., Troian M., Nagliati C., Campagnacci R., Maurizi A., Berti S., Gennai A., Marvaso A., D'Antonio D., Feo C.V., Mazzola L., Selvaggi F., Carini S., Costanzo F., Boccia L., Pascariello A., Perrotta N., Celiento M., Opocher E., Giovenzana M., Stella M., Ferrara F., Boni L., Abate E., Da Lio C., Valli V., Gelmini R., Serra F., Piccoli M., Gozzo D., Gattolin A., Sasia D., Balani A., Petronio B., Calo P.G., Canu G.L., Contarini E., Piatto G., Vettoretto N., Caprioli M., Braga M., Chiappetta M.F., Maida P., Tammaro P., De Palma G., Milone M., Bottino V., Canfora A., Bagaglini G., Agrusa A., Barone M., Mirabella A., Marino M.V., Gulotta G., Romano G., Sorrentino M., Ferfoglia S., Papagni V., Eramo S., Boselli C., Basti M., Caracino V., Moretto G., Inama M., Capelli P., Conti L., Muratore A., Cuoghi M.M., Zerbinati A., Corso S., Vasino M.C., Montuori M., Fidanza F., Lucchetta A., Giuliani A., Dinatale G., Zanzi F., Guariniello A., Bonilauri S., Frazzetta G., Garino M., Marafante C., Gioffre A., Del Monte S.R., Sganga G., Fransvea P., Grande M., Siragusa L., Sica G., Paola M., Passantino D.G., Catani M., Ricci F., Lauro E., Facci E., Parini D., Armellino M.F., Argenio G., Porcu A., Perra T., Bordoni P., Fleres F., Parisi A., Rossi S., Saracco R., Bono D., Viora T., Orlando F., Ferrero A., Fontana A.P., De Paolis P., Visconti D., Quaglino F., Festa F., Palagi S., Lo Secco G., Morino M., Allaix M.E., Salzano A., Tirone G., Motter M., Zanus G., Passuello N., Massani M., Tutino R., Manzini N., Terranova S., Merenda R., Nordio S., Zonta S., Lovisetto F., Guglielmi A., Campagnaro T., Amedeo E., Scollica M., Amodio P., Giannotti D., Olmi S., Oldani A., Sartori, Alberto, Podda, Mauro, Botteri, Emanuele, Passera, Roberto, Agresta, Ferdinando, Arezzo, Alberto, M Guerrieri, M Ortenzi, F Cavallo, M Zese, D Prando, E Restini, P Cianci, P Millo, R Brachet Contul, A Serrao, F Abatini, D F Altomare, A Picciariello, G Chetta, F Lattanzio, V Tonini, A Gori, E Jovine, L Mastrangelo, L Sartarelli, A Frena, A Malpaga, F Bertelli, G Pignata, J Andreuccetti, S Sanna, B Lares, R Sechi, N Cillara, A Pisanu, D Delogu, G Ciaccio, M Farulla, M Casati, L Laface, M De Luca, D Russello, S Latteri, M Longoni, E Masci, S Vigna, F C Campanile, N Foti, P Lepiane, A Balla, F Cantore, V Raveglia, F Borghi, G Giraudo, A Verzelli, A Budassi, A Patriti, D Foghetti, U Montin, L Amadio, G Anania, C Bombardini, Niccolò Fabbri, Carlo Feo, F Cianchi, A Manetti, M Lucchese, E Soricelli, G Ceccarelli, M Patiti, M Frascio, C Stabilini, M Filauro, A Barberis, M Troian, C Nagliati, R Campagnacci, A Maurizi, S Berti, A Gennai, A Marvaso, D D'Antonio, C V Feo, N Fabbri, L Mazzola, F Selvaggi, S Carini, F Costanzo, L Boccia, A Pascariello, N Perrotta, M Celiento, E Opocher, M Giovenzana, M Stella, F Ferrara, L Boni, E Abate, C Da Lio, V Valli, R Gelmini, F Serra, M Piccoli, D Gozzo, A Gattolin, D Sasia, A Balani, B Petronio, P G Calò, G L Canu, E Contarini, G Piatto, N Vettoretto, M Caprioli, M Braga, M F Chiappetta, P Maida, P Tammaro, G De Palma, M Milone, V Bottino, A Canfora, F Selvaggi, G Bagaglini, A Agrusa, M Barone, A Mirabella, M V Marino, G Gulotta, G Romano, M Sorrentino, S Ferfoglia, V Papagni, S Eramo, C Boselli, M Basti, V Caracino, G Moretto, M Inama, P Capelli, L Conti, A Muratore, M M Cuoghi, A Zerbinati, S Corso, M C Vasino, M Montuori, F Fidanza, A Lucchetta, A Giuliani, G Dinatale, F Zanzi, A Guariniello, S Bonilauri, G Frazzetta, M Garino, C Marafante, A Gioffrè, S R Del Monte, G Sganga, P Fransvea, M Grande, L Siragusa, G Sica, M Paola, D G Passantino, Marco Catani, F Ricci, E Lauro, E Facci, D Parini, M F Armellino, G Argenio, A Porcu, T Perra, P Bordoni, F Fleres, A Parisi, S Rossi, R Saracco, D Bono, T Viora, F Orlando, A Ferrero, A P Fontana, P De Paolis, D Visconti, F Quaglino, F Festa, S Palagi, G Lo Secco, M Morino, M E Allaix, A Salzano, G Tirone, M Motter, G Zanus, N Passuello, M Massani, R Tutino, N Manzini, S Terranova, R Merenda, S Nordio, S Zonta, F Lovisetto, A Guglielmi, T Campagnaro, E Amedeo, M Scollica, P Amodio, D Giannotti, S Olmi, A Oldani, Sartori, A, Podda, M, Botteri, E, Passera, R, Agresta, F, Arezzo, A, Guerrieri, M, Ortenzi, M, Cavallo, F, Zese, M, Prando, D, Restini, E, Cianci, P, Millo, P, Brachet Contul, R, Serrao, A, Abatini, F, Altomare, D, Picciariello, A, Chetta, G, Lattanzio, F, Tonini, V, Gori, A, Jovine, E, Mastrangelo, L, Sartarelli, L, Frena, A, Malpaga, A, Bertelli, F, Pignata, G, Andreuccetti, J, Sanna, S, Lares, B, Sechi, R, Cillara, N, Pisanu, A, Delogu, D, Ciaccio, G, Farulla, M, Casati, M, Laface, L, De Luca, M, Russello, D, Latteri, S, Longoni, M, Masci, E, Vigna, S, Campanile, F, Foti, N, Lepiane, P, Balla, A, Cantore, F, Raveglia, V, Borghi, F, Giraudo, G, Verzelli, A, Budassi, A, Patriti, A, Foghetti, D, Montin, U, Amadio, L, Anania, G, Bombardini, C, Fabbri, N, Feo, C, Cianchi, F, Manetti, A, Lucchese, M, Soricelli, E, Ceccarelli, G, Patiti, M, Frascio, M, Stabilini, C, Filauro, M, Barberis, A, Troian, M, Nagliati, C, Campagnacci, R, Maurizi, A, Berti, S, Gennai, A, Marvaso, A, D'Antonio, D, Mazzola, L, Selvaggi, F, Carini, S, Costanzo, F, Boccia, L, Pascariello, A, Perrotta, N, Celiento, M, Opocher, E, Giovenzana, M, Stella, M, Ferrara, F, Boni, L, Abate, E, Da Lio, C, Valli, V, Gelmini, R, Serra, F, Piccoli, M, Gozzo, D, Gattolin, A, Sasia, D, Balani, A, Petronio, B, Calo, P, Canu, G, Contarini, E, Piatto, G, Vettoretto, N, Caprioli, M, Braga, M, Chiappetta, M, Maida, P, Tammaro, P, De Palma, G, Milone, M, Bottino, V, Canfora, A, Bagaglini, G, Agrusa, A, Barone, M, Mirabella, A, Marino, M, Gulotta, G, Romano, G, Sorrentino, M, Ferfoglia, S, Papagni, V, Eramo, S, Boselli, C, Basti, M, Caracino, V, Moretto, G, Inama, M, Capelli, P, Conti, L, Muratore, A, Cuoghi, M, Zerbinati, A, Corso, S, Vasino, M, Montuori, M, Fidanza, F, Lucchetta, A, Giuliani, A, Dinatale, G, Zanzi, F, Guariniello, A, Bonilauri, S, Frazzetta, G, Garino, M, Marafante, C, Gioffre, A, Del Monte, S, Sganga, G, Fransvea, P, Grande, M, Siragusa, L, Sica, G, Paola, M, Passantino, D, Catani, M, Ricci, F, Lauro, E, Facci, E, Parini, D, Armellino, M, Argenio, G, Porcu, A, Perra, T, Bordoni, P, Fleres, F, Parisi, A, Rossi, S, Saracco, R, Bono, D, Viora, T, Orlando, F, Ferrero, A, Fontana, A, De Paolis, P, Visconti, D, Quaglino, F, Festa, F, Palagi, S, Lo Secco, G, Morino, M, Allaix, M, Salzano, A, Tirone, G, Motter, M, Zanus, G, Passuello, N, Massani, M, Tutino, R, Manzini, N, Terranova, S, Merenda, R, Nordio, S, Zonta, S, Lovisetto, F, Guglielmi, A, Campagnaro, T, Amedeo, E, Scollica, M, Amodio, P, Giannotti, D, Olmi, S, and Oldani, A
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19 Pandemic, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Endoscopic surgery, NO, Appendectomy, Appendicitis, Machine learning, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studie, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Appendiciti, Laparoscopy, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, COVID-19 Pandemic, Appendicitis, Appendicectomy, Machine learning, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Length of Stay, medicine.disease, Settore MED/18, Surgery, Italy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, appendicitis, COVID-19 pandemic, machine learning, appendectomy, cohort studies, humans, length of stay, pandemics, postoperative complications, retrospective studies, laparoscopy, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Observational study, Original Article, Postoperative Complication, Appendicectomy, Cohort Studie, business, Complication, Cohort study, Human
Abstract: Major surgical societies advised using non-operative management of appendicitis and suggested against laparoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis is that a significant reduction in the number of emergent appendectomies was observed during the pandemic, restricted to complex cases. The study aimed to analyse emergent surgical appendectomies during pandemic on a national basis and compare it to the same period of the previous year. This is a multicentre, retrospective, observational study investigating the outcomes of patients undergoing emergent appendectomy in March–April 2019 vs March–April 2020. The primary outcome was the number of appendectomies performed, classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) score. Secondary outcomes were the type of surgical technique employed (laparoscopic vs open) and the complication rates. One thousand five hundred forty one patients with acute appendicitis underwent surgery during the two study periods. 1337 (86.8%) patients met the inclusion criteria: 546 (40.8%) patients underwent surgery for acute appendicitis in 2020 and 791 (59.2%) in 2019. According to AAST, patients with complicated appendicitis operated in 2019 were 30.3% vs 39.9% in 2020 (p = 0.001). We observed an increase in the number of post-operative complications in 2020 (15.9%) compared to 2019 (9.6%) (p 24 h after admission (+ 58%), open surgery (+ 112%) and conversion to open surgery (+ 166%). In Italian hospitals, in March and April 2020, the number of appendectomies has drastically dropped. During the first pandemic wave, patients undergoing surgery were more frequently affected by more severe appendicitis than the previous year's timeframe and experienced a higher number of complications. Trial registration number and date: Research Registry ID 5789, May 7th, 2020
Published: 2021

3. False Positive Tardus-Parvus Waveforms After Liver Transplantation: A Case of Wide Discrepancy Between Donor and Recipient Hepatic Arteries Mimicking Anastomotic Stenosis

Author: Urbani, L., Morelli, L., Campatelli, A., Montin, U., Catalano, G., Biancofiore, G., Bindi, L., Bargellini, I., Cioni, R., Vignali, C., Di Candio, G., Mosca, F., and Filipponi, F.
Published: 2008
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4. Transcranial Doppler Sonography is Useful for the Decision-Making at the Point of Care in Patients with Acute Hepatic Failure: A Single Centre’s Experience

Author: Bindi, M. L., Biancofiore, G., Esposito, M., Meacci, L., Bisà, M., Mozzo, R., Urbani, L., Catalano, G., Montin, U., and Filipponi, F.
Published: 2008
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5. Use of Everolimus in Liver Transplantation: Recommendations from a Working Group

Author: De Simone P, Fagiuoli S, Cescon M, De Carlis L, Tisone G, Volpes R, Cillo U, Avolio AW, Burra P, Calise F, Di Benedetto F, Ettorre GM, Galeota Lanza A, Lupo L, Montin U, Reggiani P, Rendina M, Torre G, Bozzoli M, Ippoliti G, Sacchini D, Venturini F, De Simone, P, Fagiuoli, S, Cescon, M, De Carlis, L, Tisone, G, Volpes, R, Cillo, U, and De Simone P, Fagiuoli S, Cescon M, De Carlis L, Tisone G, Volpes R, Cillo U, Avolio AW, Burra P, Calise F, Di Benedetto F, Ettorre GM, Galeota Lanza A, Lupo L, Montin U, Reggiani P, Rendina M, Torre G, Bozzoli M, Ippoliti G, Sacchini D, Venturini F
Subjects: Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Time Factors, Time Factor, Delphi Technique, medicine.medical_treatment, Protein Kinase Inhibitor, Consensu, 030230 surgery, Liver transplantation, Nephrotoxicity, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunosuppressive Agent, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Everolimus, Cooperative Behavior, Adverse effect, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Transplantation, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinase, business.industry, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Graft Survival, Immunosuppression, Evidence-based medicine, Surgery, Liver Transplantation, Settore MED/18, Calcineurin, Immunosuppressive Agents, Interdisciplinary Communication, Signal Transduction, Treatment Outcome, Everolimu, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, medicine.drug, Human
Abstract: Immunosuppression after liver transplantation (LT) is presently based on use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), although they are associated with an increased incidence of renal dysfunction, cardiovascular complications, and de novo and recurrent malignancies. Over the past decade, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors have received considerable attention as immunosuppressants because they are associated with a more favorable renal profile versus CNI, as well as antiproliferative activity in clinical studies. Comprehensive guidelines on use of everolimus (EVR) in LT are still lacking. In Italy, a project, named Everolimus: the road to long-term functioning, was initiated to collect the experience on EVR after LT with the aim of providing guidance for transplant clinicians. Herein, recommendations by this national consensus group, based on Delphi methodology, are presented. Consensus was reached on 20 of the 23 statements proposed, and their level of evidence, grade of recommendation, and percent of agreement are reported. Statements are grouped into 4 areas: (A) renal function; (B) time of EVR introduction, CNI reduction and elimination, and risk for graft rejection; (C) antiproliferative effects of EVR; and (D) management of EVR-related adverse events. The high level of consensus shows that there is good agreement on the routine use of EVR in predefined clinical scenarios, especially in light of posttransplant nephrotoxicity and other adverse events associated with long-term administration of CNIs.
Published: 2017

6. Prevention of hepatitis C recurrence by bridging sofosbuvir/ribavirin from pre- to post-liver transplant: A real-life strategy

Author: Donato, M. F., Morelli, C., Romagnoli, R., Invernizzi, F., Mazzarelli, C., Iemmolo, R. M., Montalbano, M., Lenci, I., Bhoori, S., Pieri, G., Berardi, S., Caraceni, P., Martini, S., Angeli, P., Belli, L. S., Bernabucci, V., Malinverno, F., Monico, S., Ottobrelli, A., Romano, A., Strona, S., Tame, M. R., Visco-Comandini, U., Cavenago, M., De Carlis, L., Di Benedetto, F., Dondossola, D., Ettorre, G. M., Mazzaferro, V., Montin, U., Pinna, A. D., Rossi, G., Salizzoni, M., Tisone, G., Donato, Maria Francesca, Morelli, Cristina, Romagnoli, Renato, Invernizzi, Federica, Mazzarelli, Chiara, Iemmolo, Rosa Maria, Montalbano, Marzia, Lenci, Ilaria, Bhoori, Sherrie, Pieri, Giulia, Berardi, Sonia, Caraceni, Paolo, Martini, Silvia, Donato, M, Morelli, C, Romagnoli, R, Invernizzi, F, Mazzarelli, C, Iemmolo, R, Montalbano, M, Lenci, I, Bhoori, S, Pieri, G, Berardi, S, Caraceni, P, Martini, S, Angeli, P, Belli, L, Bernabucci, V, Malinverno, F, Monico, S, Ottobrelli, A, Romano, A, Strona, S, Tamè, M, Visco-Comandini, U, Cavenago, M, De Carlis, L, Di Benedetto, F, Dondossola, D, Ettorre, G, Mazzaferro, V, Montin, U, Pinna, A, Rossi, G, Salizzoni, M, and Tisone, G
Subjects: Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Sofosbuvir, Sustained Virologic Response, Hepatocellular carcinoma, medicine.medical_treatment, Hepacivirus, Liver transplantation, medicine.disease_cause, hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplant, sofosbuvir therapy, virological response, Adult, Aged, Antiviral Agents, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hepatitis C, Humans, Italy, Liver Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Postoperative Period, Preoperative Period, Recurrence, Retrospective Studies, Ribavirin, Liver Transplantation, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Sofosbuvir therapy, Retrospective Studie, Liver transplant, Virological response, Liver Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Combination, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Viral hepatitis, Human, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Liver Cirrhosi, Hepatitis C virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepatology, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Antiviral Agent, Hepaciviru, business.industry, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, medicine.disease, Settore MED/18, Surgery, Regimen, chemistry, business
Abstract: Background and aims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection following liver transplant (LT) is associated with reduced graft and patients survival. Before transplant, Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin (SOF/R) treatment prevents recurrent HCV in 96% of those patients achieving viral suppression for at least 4 weeks before transplant. We evaluated whether a bridging SOF-regimen from pre to post-transplant is safe and effective to prevent HCV recurrence in those patients with less than 4 week HCV-RNA undetectability at the time of transplant. Material and Methods From July 2014 SOF/R was given in 233 waitlisted HCV cirrhotics with/without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within an Italian Compassionate Program. One-hundred were transplanted and 31 patients (31%) treated by SOF/R bridging therapy were studied Results LT indication in bridge subgroup was HCC in 22 and decompensated cirrhosis in 9. HCV-genotype was 1/4 in 18 patients. SOF 400 mg/day and R (median dosage 800 mg/day) were given for a median of 35 days before LT. At transplant time, 19 patients were still HCV-RNA positive (median HCV-RNA 58 IU/ml). One recipient had a virological breakthrough at week 4 post-transplant; one died, on treatment, 1-month post-transplant for sepsis and 29/31 achieved a 12-week sustained virological response (94%). Acute cellular rejection occurred in 4 recipients. On September 2016, 30 recipients (97%) are alive with a median follow-up of 18 months (range 13-25). Conclusions In patients with suboptimal virological response at LT a bridging SOF/R regimen helps avoiding post-transplant graft reinfection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017

7. Liver transplantation for the management of hepatoblastoma

Author: Cillo, U, Ciarleglio, F.A, Bassanello, M, Brolese, A, Vitale, A, Boccagni, P, Zanus, G, Zancan, L, D'Antiga, L, Dall'igna, P, Montin, U, Gringeri, E, Carraro, A, Cappuzzo, G, Violi, P, Baldessin, M, Bridda, A, D'Amico, D.F, and Perilongo, G
Published: 2003
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8. Oil Red O Is a Useful Tool to Assess Donor Liver Steatosis on Frozen Sections During Transplantation

Author: Riva, G., primary, Villanova, M., additional, Cima, L., additional, Ghimenton, C., additional, Bronzoni, C., additional, Colombari, R., additional, Crestani, M., additional, Sina, S., additional, Brunelli, M., additional, D'Errico, A., additional, Montin, U., additional, Novelli, L., additional, and Eccher, A., additional
Published: 2018
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9. GH/GHBP changes in the perioperative course of liver transplantation: pathophysiologic and clinical implications

Author: Cillo, U, Bassanello, M, Lancerin, F, Senzolo, M, Burra, P, Montin, U, Boccagni, P, Brolese, A, Zanus, G, Graziotto, A, Russo, F, Gringeri, E, D’Amico, D, and De Palo, E.F
Published: 2001
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10. Does tranjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in refractory ascites and variceal re-bleeding guarantee same successful results?

Author: Zingaretti, C.C., primary, Bortolasi, L., additional, Puppini, G., additional, Violi, P., additional, Carraro, A., additional, Puntel, G., additional, Montin, U., additional, and Tedeschi, U., additional
Published: 2018
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11. A novel technique of cavo-caval anastomosis in orthotopic liver transplantation with graft mismatch size

Author: Bortolasi, L., primary, Violi, P., additional, Carraro, A., additional, Montin, U., additional, and Tedeschi, U., additional
Published: 2018
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12. Prevention of hepatitis C recurrence by bridging sofosbuvir/ribavirin from pre- to post-liver transplant: A real-life strategy

Author: Donato, M, Morelli, C, Romagnoli, R, Invernizzi, F, Mazzarelli, C, Iemmolo, R, Montalbano, M, Lenci, I, Bhoori, S, Pieri, G, Berardi, S, Caraceni, P, Martini, S, Angeli, P, Belli, L, Bernabucci, V, Malinverno, F, Monico, S, Ottobrelli, A, Romano, A, Strona, S, Tamè, M, Visco-Comandini, U, Cavenago, M, De Carlis, L, Di Benedetto, F, Dondossola, D, Ettorre, G, Mazzaferro, V, Montin, U, Pinna, A, Rossi, G, Salizzoni, M, Tisone, G, Donato, Maria Francesca, Morelli, Cristina, Romagnoli, Renato, Invernizzi, Federica, Mazzarelli, Chiara, Iemmolo, Rosa Maria, Montalbano, Marzia, Lenci, Ilaria, Bhoori, Sherrie, Pieri, Giulia, Berardi, Sonia, Caraceni, Paolo, Martini, Silvia, Angeli, Paolo, Belli, Luca Saverio, Bernabucci, Veronica, Malinverno, Federica, Monico, Sara, Ottobrelli, Antonio, Romano, Antonietta, Strona, Silvia, Tamè, Maria Rosa, Visco-Comandini, Ubaldo, Cavenago, Margherita, De Carlis, Luciano, Di Benedetto, Fabrizio, Dondossola, Daniele, Ettorre, Giuseppe Maria, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, Montin, Umberto, Pinna, Antonio Daniele, Rossi, Giorgio, Salizzoni, Mauro, Tisone, Giuseppe, Donato, M, Morelli, C, Romagnoli, R, Invernizzi, F, Mazzarelli, C, Iemmolo, R, Montalbano, M, Lenci, I, Bhoori, S, Pieri, G, Berardi, S, Caraceni, P, Martini, S, Angeli, P, Belli, L, Bernabucci, V, Malinverno, F, Monico, S, Ottobrelli, A, Romano, A, Strona, S, Tamè, M, Visco-Comandini, U, Cavenago, M, De Carlis, L, Di Benedetto, F, Dondossola, D, Ettorre, G, Mazzaferro, V, Montin, U, Pinna, A, Rossi, G, Salizzoni, M, Tisone, G, Donato, Maria Francesca, Morelli, Cristina, Romagnoli, Renato, Invernizzi, Federica, Mazzarelli, Chiara, Iemmolo, Rosa Maria, Montalbano, Marzia, Lenci, Ilaria, Bhoori, Sherrie, Pieri, Giulia, Berardi, Sonia, Caraceni, Paolo, Martini, Silvia, Angeli, Paolo, Belli, Luca Saverio, Bernabucci, Veronica, Malinverno, Federica, Monico, Sara, Ottobrelli, Antonio, Romano, Antonietta, Strona, Silvia, Tamè, Maria Rosa, Visco-Comandini, Ubaldo, Cavenago, Margherita, De Carlis, Luciano, Di Benedetto, Fabrizio, Dondossola, Daniele, Ettorre, Giuseppe Maria, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, Montin, Umberto, Pinna, Antonio Daniele, Rossi, Giorgio, Salizzoni, Mauro, and Tisone, Giuseppe
Abstract: Background & Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) re-infection following liver transplant (LT) is associated with reduced graft and patient survival. Before transplant, Sofosbuvir/ Ribavirin (SOF/R) treatment prevents recurrent HCV in 96% of those patients achieving viral suppression for at least 4 weeks before transplant. We evaluated whether a bridging SOF-regimen from pre- to post-transplant is safe and effective to prevent HCV recurrence in those patients with less than 4 weeks of HCV-RNA undetectability at the time of transplant. Methods: From July 2014 SOF/R was given in 233 waitlisted HCV cirrhotics with/ without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within an Italian Compassionate Program. One hundred patients were transplanted and 31 patients (31%) treated with SOF/R bridging therapy were studied. Results: Liver transplant indication in bridge subgroup was HCC in 22 and decompensated cirrhosis in 9. HCV-genotype was 1/4 in 18 patients. SOF 400 mg/day and R (median dosage 800 mg/day) were given for a median of 35 days before LT. At transplant time, 19 patients were still HCV-RNA positive (median HCV-RNA 58 IU/mL). One recipient had a virological breakthrough at week 4 post-transplant; one died, on treatment, 1-month post-transplant for sepsis and 29/31 achieved a 12-week sustained virological response (94%). Acute cellular rejection occurred in three recipients. On September 2016, 30 recipients (97%) were alive with a median follow-up of 18 months (range 13-25). Conclusions: In patients with suboptimal virological response at LT, a bridging SOF/R regimen helps avoiding post-transplant graft reinfection.
Published: 2017

13. Safety and Efficacy of Citrate Anticoagulation for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience

Author: Pertica, N., primary, Cicciarella, L., additional, Carraro, A., additional, Montin, U., additional, Violi, P., additional, Lupo, A., additional, and Zaza, G., additional
Published: 2017
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14. Fast Chromotrope Aniline Blue Special Stain Is a Useful Tool to Assess Fibrosis on Liver Biopsy During Transplantation

Author: Cima, L., primary, Riva, G., additional, D'Errico, A., additional, Casartelli-Liviero, M., additional, Capelli, P., additional, Tomezzoli, A., additional, Montin, U., additional, Carraro, A., additional, Scarpa, A., additional, Ghimenton, C., additional, Colombari, R., additional, Brunelli, M., additional, and Eccher, A., additional
Published: 2017
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15. A single-staggered dose of calcineurin inhibitor may be associated with neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity immediately after liver transplantation

Author: Mazzoni, A, Bindi, L, Biancofiore, GIANDOMENICO LUIGI, Bisà, M, Meacci, L, Esposito, M, Mozzo, R, Colombatto, P, Bianco, I, Grazzini, T, Coletti, L, DE SIMONE, P, Catalano, G, Montin, U, Tincani, G, Balzano, E, Petruccelli, S, Carrai, P, Tascini, C, Menichetti, F, Scatena, F, and Filipponi, Franco
Published: 2009

16. L'APPROCCIO MULTIMODALE ED IL SUO IMPATTO SULLA SOPRAVVIVENZA DEI PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA EPATOCARCINOMA

Author: Bassanello, M., Cillo, U, Vitale, A., Damico, F., Ciarleglio, F., Boccagni, P., Brolese, A., Zanus, Giacomo, Montin, U., Gringeri, Enrico, Carraro, A., and Damico, D. F.
Published: 2003

17. RUOLO DEL TRAPIANTO DI FEGATO NELL'EPATOBLASTOMA

Author: Ciarleglio, F., Brolese, Alberto, Bassanello, M., Zancan, L., Perilongo, G., Zanus, Giacomo, Boccagni, P., Montin, U., Gringeri, Enrico, Vitale, A., Damico, F., Carraro, A., Cappuzzo, G. L., Damico, D. F., and Cillo
Published: 2003

18. CONTROVERSIE NELLA CLASSIFICAZIONE PROGNOSTICA DELL'EPATOCARCINOMA: QUALE E' IL MIGLIOR SISTEMA PROGNOSTICO DISPONIBILE?

Author: Cillo, U, Bassanello, M., Vitale, A., Brolese, A., Zanus, Giacomo, Boccagni, P., Montin, U., Gringeri, Enrico, Damico, F., Ciarleglio, F., Carraro, A., Cappuzzo, G. L., and Damico, D. F.
Published: 2003

19. FENESTRAZIONE LAPAROSCOPICA: GOLD STANDARD NEL TRATTAMENTO DELLE CISTI EPATICHE NON PARASSITARIE

Author: Fiamingo, P, Tedeschi, U, Veroux, M, Brolese, Alberto, Cillo, U, Madia, C, Zanus, Giacomo, Montin, U, Mollica, E, DA ROLD, A, and Damico, Df
Published: 2002

20. CISTI VERA SOLITARIA DEL PANCREAS NEGLI ADULTI: UNA DIFFICILE DIAGNOSI DIFFERENZIALE

Author: Fiamingo, P, Veroux, M, Madia, C, Gringeri, E, Cillo, U, Zanus, Giacomo, Brolese, Alberto, Mollica, E, Montin, U, and Damico, Df
Published: 2002

21. RICHIESTA TRASFUSIONALE ED OUTCOME POST-OPERATORIO NEL TRAPIANTO DI FEGATO

Author: Montin, U, Brolese, Alberto, Cillo, U, Zanus, Giacomo, Fiamingo, P, Boccagni, P, Bassanello, M, Vitale, A, D'Amico, F, Ciarleglio, Fa, and D'Amico, Df
Published: 2002

22. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION AND ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS INFECTION: A FAVORABLE OUTCOME CASE

Author: Zanus, Giacomo, Cillo, U, Gringeri, E, Montin, U, Brolese, A, Bassanello, M, Damico, F, Vitale, A, Ciarleglio, Fa, Mollica, E, Fiamingo, P, Sgarabotto, D, Burra, P, and Damico, Df
Published: 2002

23. THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR HEPATIC TRAUMA: FROM NON OPERATIVE TREATMENT TO LIVER TRANSPLANTA

Author: Fiamingo, P, Veroux, M, Brolese, Alberto, Cillo, U, Zanus, Giacomo, Bassanello, M, Montin, U, Damico, F, Vitale, A, Madia, C, Gringeri, E, and Damico, D. F.
Published: 2001

24. RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION SYSTEM: A NEW TOOL CHANGING THE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES OF SMALL NODULARITIES OF THE LIVER

Author: Zanus, Giacomo, Cillo, U., Gringeri, E., Veroux, M., Brolese, Alberto, Boccagni, P., Bassanello, M., Madia, C., Parimbelli, P., Montin, U., Beninca, G. L., Tedeschi, U., and D'Amico, D.
Published: 2000

25. L'Utilizzo parziale del fegato nei trapianti 2000; 6:36-45

Author: Zanus, G., Cillo, Umberto, Brolese, A., Veroux, M., Madia, C., Bassanello, M., Montin, U., and D. F. D, Amico
Published: 2000

26. A NEW EXPERIMENTAL PIG MODEL FOR THE COMPARISATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFICACYOF CELSIOR AND BELZER SOLUTION AGAINST ISCHEMIC INJURY IN ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (OLTX)

Author: Cillo, GRINGERI U., Urbani, L., Calabrese, F., Parimbelli, P., Montin, U., Brolese, Alberto, Zanus, Giacomo, Fiammingo, P., and D'Amico, D.
Published: 2000

27. Liver transplantation. A summary of our surgical practice

Author: D Amico, D., Bassi, N., Tedeschi, U., Cillo, U., Ambrosino, G., Boccagni, P., ALBERTO BROLESE, Zanus, G., Dalla Torre, M., Bonariol, L., Urbani, L., Costantin, G., Sersen, N., Bassanello, M., Parimbelli, P., Montin, U., Benincau, S., Gringeri, L., and Zerbo, F.
Subjects: Adult, Graft Rejection, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Age Factors, Infant, Middle Aged, Tissue Donors, Liver Transplantation, Sex Factors, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Child, Aged
Abstract: At the turn of the new century, liver transplant procedures can finally be considered an efficient treatment option. Technology has helped transplant intervention become a preferred treatment for patients with progressive and irreversible liver failure. New immuno-suppressive drugs have been introduced which reduce the patient's immunological reaction to the implanted organ, entail minimal side effects and improve practical applications of liver transplantation. As a result of these technological advanced and proper disease management, liver transplant procedures are no longer thought of as an elite therapy, reserved for selected patients with end stage liver disease. In our opinion, it is now a sound and valid surgical option with strictly defined characteristics, indications and well-understood limits. Throughout the past decade, we have studied and applied this type of intervention and have come to terms with its rapid expansion at both the theoretical and practical levels. The most significant obstacle remaining today is the discrepancy between the ever increasing demand and limited supply of organs. The future of liver transplant lies in overcoming this obstacle. Liver transplant practice began at our Institute on 23 November 1990 with the first surgical intervention to replace an organ. In the past 10 years, we have exceeded 200 liver transplant procedures.
Published: 1999

28. Cost Analysis of Tumor Downsizing for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Transplant Candidates

Author: De Simone, P., primary, Vignali, C., additional, Petruccelli, S., additional, Carrai, P., additional, Coletti, L., additional, Montin, U., additional, Catalano, G., additional, Urbani, L., additional, and Filipponi, F., additional
Published: 2006
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29. Multimodal therapy before liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Author: VITALE, A, primary, BROLESE, A, additional, ZANUS, G, additional, BASSANELLO, M, additional, MONTIN, U, additional, GRINGERI, E, additional, DAMICO, F, additional, CIARLEGLIO, F, additional, CARRARO, A, additional, and CAPPUZZO, G, additional
Published: 2005
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30. LC3B and ph-S6K are both expressed in epithelioid and classic renal angiomyolipoma: A rationale tissue-based evidence for combining use of autophagic and mTOR targeted drugs

Author: Fiorini, C., Brunelli, M., Cima, L., Eccher, A., Boschiero, L., Carraro, A., Gianluigi Zaza, Artibani, W., Porcaro, A. B., Cacciamani, G., Tedeschi, U., Montin, U., Violi, P., Ghimenton, C., Burato, G., Iacovelli, R., Pedron, S., Chilosi, M., and Martignoni, G.
Subjects: autophagy, Renal angiomyolipoma, mTOR, ph-S6K, Renal angiomyolipoma, tuberous sclerosis complex, autophagy, ph-S6K, mTOR, LC3B, tuberous sclerosis complex, LC3B

31. Successful transplantation of an eighty-one-year-old liver with proper hepatic artery aneurysm

Author: Urbani, L., Paolo De Simone, Catalano, G., Coletti, L., Montin, U., Bindi, L., Biancofiore, G., Bargellini, I., Petruzzi, P., Vignali, C., and Filipponi, F.

32. Severe liver trauma: The transplant surgeon's perspective. A case report

Author: Catalano, G., Simone, P., Montin, U., Coletti, L., Tincani, G., Urbani, L., GIANDOMENICO LUIGI BIANCOFIORE, and Filipponi, F.

33. Thermal homeostasis and liver transplantation

Author: D Amico, D. F., Vitale, A., Cillo, U., Boccagni, P., Brolese, A., Zanus, G., Bassanello, M., Montin, U., Gringeri, E., D Amico, F., Francesco Antonio Ciarleglio, Cappuzzo, G., and Carraro, A.
Subjects: Hypothermia, Induced, Induced, Humans, Hypothermia, Body Temperature Regulation, Liver Transplantation
Abstract: Thermal homeostasis represents the major issue during liver transplantation (OLT) since severe hypothermia may have a deleterious effect on both liver recipient organism and postoperative graft functioning. Because of the known negative influence of hypothermia on intraoperative cardiovascular activity and coagulation system, numerous methods have been suggested to reduce intraoperative heat loss and promote active warming (continuous temperature monitoring, external heat sources, improvement in surgical technique and technologies). A good intraoperative OLT course has an obvious influence on post OLT graft function recovery, but thermal homeostasis has also an essential direct effect on the graft as a constitutive component of conventional cold preservation methods. Hypothermia, however, contributes directly to the graft ischemia-reperfusion injury particularly in marginal and partial organs by several angiogenic mechanisms. For these reasons, on the light of the development of new strategies to increase the donor pool, clinical research is focusing on new preservation methods such as extracorporeal circuits with normothermic oxygenated perfusion.

34. Chronic rejection after 8-years liver-transplant mimicking an acute biliary tree obstruction: An unusual, insidious presentation

Author: Urbani, L., Morelli, L., Catalano, G., Montin, U., Biancofiore, G., Mazzoni, A., DANIELA CAMPANI, Boraschi, P., Balzano, E., Campatelli, A., Mosca, F., and Filipponi, F.

35. Management of Thyroid Nodules in Deceased Donors With Comparison Between Fine Needle Aspiration and Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Setting of Transplantation

Author: Dorry L. Segev, Ugo Boggi, Matteo Brunelli, Antonia D'Errico, Liron Pantanowitz, Ilaria Girolami, Aldo Scarpa, Esther Diana Rossi, Amedeo Carraro, Albino Eccher, Guido Martignoni, Gianluigi Zaza, Umberto Montin, Eccher A., Girolami I., D'Errico A., Zaza G., Carraro A., Montin U., Boggi U., Scarpa A., Brunelli M., Martignoni G., Segev D., Rossi E.D., and Pantanowitz L.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Thyroid nodules, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Sensitivity and Specificity, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Frozen Sections, Humans, FNA, deceased donor, frozen section, papillary thyroid carcinoma, thyroid nodule, transplantation, Child, Referral and Consultation, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Transplantation, Frozen section procedure, Deceased donor, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Tissue Donors, Surgery, Fine-needle aspiration, Italy, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business
Abstract: Introduction: Newly discovered thyroid nodules in deceased donors are investigated to rule out cancer that can be transmitted, but there are no established protocols. The aim of the study was to compare fine needle aspiration versus intraoperative frozen section in the donor management with limited time. Methods: Data were extracted only from the records of Italian second opinion consultation service in the years 2016 to 2017 and included donor details, pathology diagnoses, complications, transmission risk profile, and impact on transplantation. Results: Among 31 deceased donors with thyroid nodules, we documented 4 with a clinical history of cancer and 27 with a newly discovered nodule. The latter was evaluated by thyroidectomy with frozen section in 22 and fine needle aspiration in 5. Among all donors, 7 had papillary thyroid carcinoma with negligible transmission risk, whereas 8 with unacceptable risk. Two donors presented major bleeding after thyroidectomy, with organ discard in 1 case. Transplantation was delayed in 4 cases that were evaluated with frozen section. Discussion: There was no uniform approach for the investigation of thyroid nodules. Our results showed that fine needle aspiration was more accurate and useful than frozen section. Fine needle aspiration had minor economic impact and a far less rate of bleeding/hemodynamic complications, potentially delaying and compromising organ recovery. Our results suggested considering fine needle aspiration as a first step in the evaluation of thyroid nodules in donors.
Published: 2019

36. Oil Red O Is a Useful Tool to Assess Donor Liver Steatosis on Frozen Sections During Transplantation

Author: Giulio Riva, Luca Novelli, Manuela Villanova, Alessandro D'Errico, Umberto Montin, Albino Eccher, M Crestani, Claudio Ghimenton, Luca Cima, Romano Colombari, Sokol Sina, Matteo Brunelli, C Bronzoni, Riva, G., Villanova, M., Cima, L., Ghimenton, C., Bronzoni, C., Colombari, R., Crestani, M., Sina, S., Brunelli, M., D'Errico, A., Montin, U., Novelli, L., and Eccher, A.
Subjects: Male, Biopsy, medicine.medical_treatment, H&E stain, Transplants, Transplant, Liver transplantation, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Frozen Sections, Transplantation, Homologou, RISK, OUTCOMES, medicine.diagnostic_test, Fatty liver, MACROVESICULAR STEATOSIS, Frozen Section, Tissue Donors, Italy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Liver biopsy, GRAFTS, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tissue Donor, Azo Compound, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Oil Red O, HEPATIC STEATOSIS, Transplantation, FATTY LIVER, Staining and Labeling, business.industry, medicine.disease, Liver Transplantation, Fatty Liver, chemistry, Surgery, Steatosis, business, Azo Compounds
Abstract: Oil Red O is a useful tool to assess donor liver steatosis on frozen sections during transplantation. Steatosis is a frequent finding in liver evaluation during transplantation, accounting for 9% to 26% of biopsied donor liver. The degree of macrovesicular steatosis is classified as mild, moderate, and severe; the latter is considered an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation because it is associated with poor allograft outcome. Because of the scarcity of organs, there is a debate whether livers with less severe macrovesicular steatosis are still suitable for transplant. Consequently, tools or methods that allow a more accurate intraoperative assessment of steatosis on frozen sections are mandatory. The aim of this study is to improve intraoperative evaluation of steatosis during transplantation using Oil Red O stain on liver biopsies. Methods Twenty consecutive liver biopsies of donors were collected during transplantation procedures from September 2017 to February 2018 at the Institute of Pathology of the University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Italy. Each liver biopsy was cut at a different thickness (3, 5, and 8 μm) and stained with both Oil Red O and conventional hematoxylin and eosin for intraoperative consultation. The degree (percentage of hepatocytes involved) of fatty changes was recorded. The results obtained during the intraoperative consultation were finally compared with the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded permanent section. Results Assessment of steatosis on hematoxylin and eosin frozen sections was reported as mild in 17 cases (85%), moderate in 2 cases (10%) and severe in 1 case (5%). Oil Red O frozen sections reported the following results: mild steatosis in 16 cases (80%), moderate in 2 cases (10%), and severe in 2 cases (10%). The percentage of liver steatosis obtained with Oil Red O was consistent in all cases with that of the permanent sections. The staining procedure for Oil Red O required approximately 18 minutes. Conclusions Oil Red O special stain is a fast and inexpensive tool to improve the assessment of steatosis on frozen biopsies during liver transplantation.
Published: 2018

37. Donor-Transmitted Cancers in Transplanted Livers: Analysis of Clinical Outcomes

Author: Ilaria Girolami, Deborah Malvi, Matteo Brunelli, Letizia Lombardini, Amedeo Carraro, Claudia Mescoli, Albino Eccher, Umberto Montin, Stefano Marletta, Desley Neil, Massimo Cardillo, Luca Novelli, Ugo Boggi, Antonietta D'Errico, Eccher A., Girolami I., Marletta S., Brunelli M., Carraro A., Montin U., Boggi U., Mescoli C., Novelli L., Malvi D., Lombardini L., Cardillo M., Neil D., and D'Errico A.
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, liver grafts, medicine.medical_treatment, cancer transmission, Transplants, 030230 surgery, Neuroendocrine tumors, Liver transplantation, Malignancy, donor organ, liver recipients, systematic review, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Registries, Liver transplantation, cancer transmissio, Transplantation, Hepatology, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Melanoma, Graft Survival, Cancer, medicine.disease, Tissue Donors, Liver Transplantation, Lymphoma, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, business
Abstract: The risk of transmission of malignancy from donor to recipient is low. However, this occurrence has dramatic consequences. Many reports of donor-derived cancers in liver transplant recipients have been published, but they have not been systematically summarized into a lucid and unified analysis. The present study is an attempt to provide clarity to this unusual but clinically important problem. We systematically reviewed all patient reports, patient series, and registries published on cancer transmission events through the end of December 2019. We identified a total of 67 publications with 92 transmission events. The most frequently transmitted cancers were lymphomas (30; 32.6%), melanomas (8; 8.7%), and neuroendocrine tumors (8; 8.7%). Most of the melanomas were metastasizing, whereas most of the lymphomas were localized to the graft. The median time to cancer diagnosis after transplantation was 7months, with 78.1% of diagnoses established in the first year. Melanoma carried the worst prognosis, with no recipients alive at 1year after cancer diagnosis. Lymphoma recipients had a better outcome, with more than 75% surviving at 2years. A metastatic cancer carries a worse prognosis for recipients, and recipients with localized cancer can benefit from the chance to undergo transplantation again. The findings confirm the need to pay attention to donors with a history of melanoma but also suggest the need for a more careful evaluation of groups of donors, such as those dying from cerebral hemorrhage. Finally, recipients of organs from donors with cancer should be carefully followed to detect potential transmission.
Published: 2021

38. How safe are organs from deceased donors with neoplasia? The results of the Italian Transplantation Network

Author: Desley Neil, Antonia D'Errico, Alessandro Nanni Costa, Umberto Montin, Amedeo Carraro, Aldo Scarpa, Giovanni Valotto, Ilaria Girolami, Francesca Puoti, Gianluigi Zaza, Luca Cima, Albino Eccher, Luca Novelli, Letizia Lombardini, Matteo Brunelli, Giovanni Gambaro, Eccher A., Lombardini L., Girolami I., Puoti F., Zaza G., Gambaro G., Carraro A., Valotto G., Cima L., Novelli L., Neil D., Montin U., Scarpa A., Brunelli M., Nanni Costa A., and D'Errico A.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, 030232 urology & nephrology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Malignancy, Donor Selection, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Donor evaluation, Donor with malignancy, Neoplastic transmission, Risk assessment, Transplantation, Young adult, Child, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Donor selection, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Organ Transplantation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Tissue Donors, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Nephrology, Donation, Child, Preschool, Female, Patient Safety, business
Abstract: Guidelines for donor selection have changed to expand the donor pool, considering potential donors affected by a neoplasm. Aim of this retrospective study is to look at the use of organs from donors with a current or history of neoplasm within the Italian Transplant Network. Data, collected and validated by Italian National Health Institute for the time interval 2006–2015, have been reviewed retrospectively by mean of multivariable pivot tables. Donors with neoplasia represented about 5% of all donors, resulting in about 4% of all transplants. Donors presented a benign neoplasm in 29.08% of cases, a malignancy with variable risk of transmission in 69.75% while in 1.34% the nature of neoplasm could not be assessed. Considering all procedures, rate of transmission of a malignancy was 0.03% (10 cases) of all 29858 transplants of the time interval. Notably, cases of transmission were not from donors of this pool, but from donors that, according to our protocols, had no elements of suspect at time of donation. As recipient safety is always the priority and as guidelines have set exclusion criteria for donors with some specific types of malignancy, these results show that use of this type of donors is safe and improve organ pool. Furthermore represent basis for improvement and standardization of donor assessment protocols suggesting that efforts in data collection systems, to produce complete and homogeneous data, are mandatory.
Published: 2019

39. Fast Chromotrope Aniline Blue Special Stain Is a Useful Tool to Assess Fibrosis on Liver Biopsy During Transplantation

Author: Claudio Ghimenton, Giulio Riva, P. Capelli, Anna Tomezzoli, Luca Cima, Albino Eccher, Marilena Casartelli-Liviero, Umberto Montin, Aldo Scarpa, Amedeo Carraro, Romano Colombari, Antonietta D'Errico, Matteo Brunelli, and Cima L, Riva G, D'Errico A, Casartelli-Liviero M, Capelli P, Tomezzoli A, Montin U, Carraro A, Scarpa A, Ghimenton C, Colombari R, Brunelli M, Eccher A.
Subjects: Liver Cirrhosis, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, medicine.medical_treatment, H&E stain, Liver transplantation, Stain, rapid chromotrope aniline blue stain (CAB), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biopsy, medicine, Frozen Sections, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Coloring Agents, liver fibrosis, Transplantation, Aniline Compounds, medicine.diagnostic_test, Staining and Labeling, business.industry, medicine.disease, liver fibrosis, rapid chromotrope aniline blue stain (CAB), Tissue Donors, Staining, Liver Transplantation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Liver biopsy, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, business, frozen sections, fibrosis, liver biopsies
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of potential liver allograft donors with frozen sections has clinical relevant consequences for the transplant recipient. Several clinical risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of transplantation failure and it is critical for the pathologist to become familiar with the histologic criteria for donor liver suitability. In this setting an accurate and reliable assessment of fibrosis is crucial. We sought to report the value of the rapid chromotrope aniline blue stain (CAB) in a transplantation clinical work-flow for scoring liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive intraoperative donor liver biopsy specimens were evaluated by a pathologist at the Transplant Pathology Board Room, AOUI Verona, during 24-hour on-call service. The stage of fibrosis was evaluated according to Ishak score ranging from 0 to 6 (absent to cirrhosis) using hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) plus rapid CAB special stain. After a 3-week washout period, only the slides stained with H&E were re-assessed for fibrosis stage by the same pathologist blinded to donor patient data. RESULTS: Combination H&E-CAB staging fibrosis score was higher in 20%, lower in 10%, and the same in 70% of biopsy specimens as determined using only H&E stain alone. Rapid CAB stain takes 20 minutes longer than H&E stain alone. CONCLUSIONS: CAB staining may be performed on frozen tissue from liver biopsy during a transplantation process without a significant delay in diagnosis. Combination H&E-CAB staining improves sensibility of interpretation of fibrosis.
Published: 2017

40. Rapid screening for malignancy in organ donors: 15-year experience with the Verona 'Alert' protocol and review of the literature

Author: Laura Zampicinini, P Violi, Antonietta D'Errico, Umberto Montin, Matteo Brunelli, Francesca Vanzo, Giuseppe Ferrari, Marilena Casartelli-Liviero, Desley Neil, Giuseppe Feltrin, Viviana Rodini, Elisabetta Tomaselli, Luigino Boschiero, Andrea Ciangherotti, Umberto Tedeschi, Chiara Bovo, Francesca Fior, Aldo Scarpa, Luca Cima, Albino Eccher, Momo Rostand, Amedeo Carraro, Francesco Nacchia, and Eccher A, Cima L, Ciangherotti A, Montin U, Violi P, Carraro A, Tedeschi U, Nacchia F, Fior F, Rostand M, Boschiero L, D'Errico A, Scarpa A, Casartelli-Liviero M, Ferrari G, Rodini V, Tomaselli E, Zampicinini L, Vanzo F, Bovo C, Feltrin G, Neil D, Brunelli M.
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030232 urology & nephrology, donors, frozen section, histopathological examination, malignancies, transplantation, tumor transmission, 030230 surgery, Malignancy, Risk Assessment, Donor Selection, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, Prostate, Internal medicine, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, organ donors, quality of donors, neoplastic transmission, Child, Alert system, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary assessment, business.industry, Incidence, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Italy, Donation, Radiological weapon, Child, Preschool, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Histopathology, Female, business
Abstract: Background: Prevention of transmission of malignancy from donors to recipients is an aim of donor assessment. We report the most stringent interpretation of the Italian National Guidelines. Methods: A two- step ALERT process was used: ALERT1 consisting of clinical, radiological, and laboratory tests; ALERT2, consisting of intraoperative assessment in suspicious lesions. Results: Four hundred of 506 potential deceased donors entered the ALERT system. Forty- one of 400 (10%) donors were excluded due to unacceptable risk of transmission. Of the remaining 359 193 required histopathology, which excluded malignancy or determined acceptable risk in 161/193 (83%). Thirty- five malignancies were identified: 19 (54%) at ALERT1, four (11%) at ALERT2, nine (26%) picked up at ALERT1 and confirmed by ALERT2. Three (9%) were missed by ALERT and diagnosed at postmortem examination. Prostate (n=12%, 34%) and renal cell (n=7%, 20%) were the most frequent carcinomas. The majority (92%) of prostate adenocarcinomas were of low risk and donation proceeded compared to 43% of renal carcinomas. Four renal carcinomas, two breast carcinomas, and a single case of nine different malignancies excluded donation. Positive ALERT donors had statistically more malignant reports than negative ALERT donors (P=
Published: 2017

41. WSI validation studies in breast and gynecological pathology.

Author: Mastrosimini MG, Eccher A, Nottegar A, Montin U, Scarpa A, Pantanowitz L, and Girolami I
Subjects: Humans, Female, Microscopy methods, Breast, Observer Variation, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Breast Neoplasms
Abstract: Background: In the last two decades, there has been marked development in virtual slide technology as well as its application in various subspecialties of pathology. In particular, there have been several studies examining the utility of whole slide imaging (WSI) in breast and gynecological pathology. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse published evidence regarding validation studies of WSI applied specifically to the female genital tract and breast pathology., Methods: A systematic search was carried out in Pubmed and Embase databases and studies dealing with the validation of a WSI system for breast and gynaecological pathology. The topics evaluated concerned expertise of engaged pathologists, varied specimens, scanners, washout period, experience viewing WSI, and diagnostic concordance of WSI to traditional light microscopic diagnoses., Results: Of 1467 publications retrieved, 23 studies were included. Most of these studies concerned breast pathology. Validation guidelines recommended by the College of American Pathologists pertaining to a dataset of at least 60 cases, washout period, and recording intra-observer variability were followed by most studies. Major challenges encountered with WSI included difficulty identifying high-grade nuclear atypia and mitotic count for borderline ovarian tumors, interpretation of squamous intraepithelial lesions in liquid-based cervical cytology, and grading breast cancer., Discussion: Published data demonstrates the value of utilizing WSI in breast and gynecological pathology. Key issues reported with WSI systems were problems related to focus, resolution and the contrast and brightness of immunohistochemical staining patterns. Grading breast cancer and mitotic count remained challenging in WSI as in conventional microscopy., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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42. Donor-Transmitted Cancers in Transplanted Livers: Analysis of Clinical Outcomes.

Author: Eccher A, Girolami I, Marletta S, Brunelli M, Carraro A, Montin U, Boggi U, Mescoli C, Novelli L, Malvi D, Lombardini L, Cardillo M, Neil D, and D'Errico A
Subjects: Graft Survival, Humans, Registries, Tissue Donors, Liver Transplantation adverse effects, Neoplasms, Transplants
Abstract: The risk of transmission of malignancy from donor to recipient is low. However, this occurrence has dramatic consequences. Many reports of donor-derived cancers in liver transplant recipients have been published, but they have not been systematically summarized into a lucid and unified analysis. The present study is an attempt to provide clarity to this unusual but clinically important problem. We systematically reviewed all patient reports, patient series, and registries published on cancer transmission events through the end of December 2019. We identified a total of 67 publications with 92 transmission events. The most frequently transmitted cancers were lymphomas (30; 32.6%), melanomas (8; 8.7%), and neuroendocrine tumors (8; 8.7%). Most of the melanomas were metastasizing, whereas most of the lymphomas were localized to the graft. The median time to cancer diagnosis after transplantation was 7 months, with 78.1% of diagnoses established in the first year. Melanoma carried the worst prognosis, with no recipients alive at 1 year after cancer diagnosis. Lymphoma recipients had a better outcome, with more than 75% surviving at 2 years. A metastatic cancer carries a worse prognosis for recipients, and recipients with localized cancer can benefit from the chance to undergo transplantation again. The findings confirm the need to pay attention to donors with a history of melanoma but also suggest the need for a more careful evaluation of groups of donors, such as those dying from cerebral hemorrhage. Finally, recipients of organs from donors with cancer should be carefully followed to detect potential transmission., (Copyright © 2020 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.)
Published: 2021
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43. Management of Thyroid Nodules in Deceased Donors With Comparison Between Fine Needle Aspiration and Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Setting of Transplantation.

Author: Eccher A, Girolami I, D'Errico A, Zaza G, Carraro A, Montin U, Boggi U, Scarpa A, Brunelli M, Martignoni G, Segev D, Rossi ED, and Pantanowitz L
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Frozen Sections, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Referral and Consultation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Young Adult, Thyroid Nodule pathology, Tissue Donors
Abstract: Introduction: Newly discovered thyroid nodules in deceased donors are investigated to rule out cancer that can be transmitted, but there are no established protocols. The aim of the study was to compare fine needle aspiration versus intraoperative frozen section in the donor management with limited time., Methods: Data were extracted only from the records of Italian second opinion consultation service in the years 2016 to 2017 and included donor details, pathology diagnoses, complications, transmission risk profile, and impact on transplantation., Results: Among 31 deceased donors with thyroid nodules, we documented 4 with a clinical history of cancer and 27 with a newly discovered nodule. The latter was evaluated by thyroidectomy with frozen section in 22 and fine needle aspiration in 5. Among all donors, 7 had papillary thyroid carcinoma with negligible transmission risk, whereas 8 with unacceptable risk. Two donors presented major bleeding after thyroidectomy, with organ discard in 1 case. Transplantation was delayed in 4 cases that were evaluated with frozen section., Discussion: There was no uniform approach for the investigation of thyroid nodules. Our results showed that fine needle aspiration was more accurate and useful than frozen section. Fine needle aspiration had minor economic impact and a far less rate of bleeding/hemodynamic complications, potentially delaying and compromising organ recovery. Our results suggested considering fine needle aspiration as a first step in the evaluation of thyroid nodules in donors.
Published: 2019
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44. Complications and Outcomes of Endoscopic Treatment in a Cohort of Patients With Biliary Stenosis After Orthotopic Liver Transplant: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Author: Bortolasi L, Violi P, Carraro A, Montin U, Cerofolini A, Munari A, Eccher A, Gramignoli R, Bovo C, and Tedeschi U
Subjects: Cholestasis diagnostic imaging, Cholestasis etiology, Drainage instrumentation, End Stage Liver Disease diagnosis, Endoscopy, Digestive System instrumentation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plastics, Prosthesis Design, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Self Expandable Metallic Stents, Stents, Treatment Outcome, Cholestasis therapy, Drainage adverse effects, End Stage Liver Disease surgery, Endoscopy, Digestive System adverse effects, Liver Transplantation adverse effects
Abstract: Objectives: Liver transplant represents the criterion standard therapy for end-stage liver disease. Biliary complications after liver transplant have shown an increased trend and are characterized by anastomotic and nonanastomotic stenoses., Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study included 217 patients who underwent liver transplant between January 2004 and December 2014; 18 patients had anastomotic (8.3%) and 29 (13.4%) had non-anastomotic stenoses. Patients with and without biliary stenosis were compared with regard to their preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters and donor characteristics. Patients with biliary stenosis were divided into 3 cohorts according to the type of endoscopic treatment performed (single plastic, multiple plastic, and fully covered self-ex-pandable metal stents). We compared the patients with different types of endoscopic biliary drainages for length and type of stenosis, presence of stones, time of onset and treatment, number of procedures, complications, and success rate., Results: Preoperative Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores, complication and reoperation rates, and donor age were significantly higher in the stenosis group. We found no statistical differences other than length of stenosis between patients with multiple stents and self-expanding metal stents., Conclusions: Preoperative recipient conditions and postoperative morbidities may represent risk factors for development of biliary strictures. Consequently, the optimal endoscopic treatment should be tailored to the type and the onset of stenosis and the patient's condition.
Published: 2019
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45. Liver Metastases From Renal Oncocytoma With Vascular Extension.

Author: Cacciamani G, Cima L, Ficial M, Novella G, Siracusano S, Tedeschi U, Balzarro M, Montin U, Cerruto MA, De Marco V, Porcaro AB, Hes O, DʼErrico A, Martignoni G, Ghimenton C, Zaza G, Artibani W, Brunelli M, and Eccher A
Abstract: The 2016 World Health Organization Renal Tumor Classification defines renal oncocytoma (RO) as a benign epithelial tumor; however, malignant histopathologic features have been documented. Rare cases with metastases have been reported. We describe the case of a 62-year-old woman who was referred to the Urology Clinic for a routine work-up. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography showed a 7-cm mass in the middle and lower portions of the left kidney and 2 suspected liver metastases. The patient underwent surgery. Microscopically both renal and liver lesions presented solid, solid-nested, and microcystic architecture, composed predominantly of large eosinophilic cells without any worrisome pattern except the vascular extension. The cells were positive for S100A1, CD117, and PAX-8 and negative for CAIX, CK7, and AMACR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed a disomic profile for the chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 17. No mutation of coding sequence of the SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, VHL, and BHD genes and no loss of heterozygosity at 3p were found. The final diagnosis was "RO" according to the 2016 World Health Organization Renal Tumor Classification with "liver metastases." This report provides a wide clinical-pathologic, immunophenotypical and molecular documentation of a RO with liver metastases.
Published: 2019
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46. How safe are organs from deceased donors with neoplasia? The results of the Italian Transplantation Network.

Author: Eccher A, Lombardini L, Girolami I, Puoti F, Zaza G, Gambaro G, Carraro A, Valotto G, Cima L, Novelli L, Neil D, Montin U, Scarpa A, Brunelli M, Nanni Costa A, and D'Errico A
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms pathology, Patient Safety, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Donor Selection, Neoplasms complications, Organ Transplantation adverse effects, Tissue Donors supply & distribution
Abstract: Guidelines for donor selection have changed to expand the donor pool, considering potential donors affected by a neoplasm. Aim of this retrospective study is to look at the use of organs from donors with a current or history of neoplasm within the Italian Transplant Network. Data, collected and validated by Italian National Health Institute for the time interval 2006-2015, have been reviewed retrospectively by mean of multivariable pivot tables. Donors with neoplasia represented about 5% of all donors, resulting in about 4% of all transplants. Donors presented a benign neoplasm in 29.08% of cases, a malignancy with variable risk of transmission in 69.75% while in 1.34% the nature of neoplasm could not be assessed. Considering all procedures, rate of transmission of a malignancy was 0.03% (10 cases) of all 29858 transplants of the time interval. Notably, cases of transmission were not from donors of this pool, but from donors that, according to our protocols, had no elements of suspect at time of donation. As recipient safety is always the priority and as guidelines have set exclusion criteria for donors with some specific types of malignancy, these results show that use of this type of donors is safe and improve organ pool. Furthermore represent basis for improvement and standardization of donor assessment protocols suggesting that efforts in data collection systems, to produce complete and homogeneous data, are mandatory.
Published: 2019
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47. Primary hepatic pregnancy: report of a case treated with laparoscopic approach and review of the literature.

Author: Garzon S, Raffaelli R, Montin U, and Ghezzi F
Subjects: Adult, Female, Hemoperitoneum complications, Hemoperitoneum diagnostic imaging, Hemoperitoneum surgery, Humans, Laparoscopy instrumentation, Pregnancy, Treatment Outcome, Laparoscopy methods, Liver diagnostic imaging, Liver surgery, Pregnancy, Ectopic diagnostic imaging, Pregnancy, Ectopic surgery
Abstract: Objective: To report a case of primary hepatic pregnancy complicated by acute hemoperitoneum that was treated with a laparoscopic approach., Design: Case report and review of the literature., Setting: Obstetrics and gynecology unit of a university hospital., Patient(s): A 37-year-old pregnant woman who presented with vaginal bleeding., Intervention(s): Diagnosis by abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography., Main Outcome Measure(s): Patient recovery after minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery and monitoring., Result(s): A hepatic ectopic pregnancy complicated by hemoperitoneum was diagnosed. The hepatic pregnancy was surgically removed via laparoscopy through a retroperitoneal approach, and the patient's human chorionic gonadotropin level was subsequently monitored. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and the serum human chorionic gonadotropin level dropped to zero., Conclusion(s): Only 39 cases of hepatic pregnancy have been reported in the literature, making it an exceptional category among abdominal pregnancies. Hepatic localization should be ruled out in cases of unknown pregnancy location. Abdominal ultrasound has a key role detecting hepatic localization and excluding other abdominal implantation sites. Laparoscopic surgery represents a feasible approach for the treatment of first trimester hepatic pregnancies., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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48. Multidrug-resistant Combined Infections in a Liver Transplanted Patient: Case Report.

Author: Carraro A, Montin U, Violi P, Soldani F, Mazzi R, Merighi M, Kanani F, Concia E, and Tedeschi U
Subjects: Aged, Drainage, Drug Therapy, Combination, Enterobacter aerogenes isolation & purification, Enterobacteriaceae Infections diagnosis, Enterobacteriaceae Infections microbiology, Female, Humans, Klebsiella Infections diagnosis, Klebsiella Infections microbiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation & purification, Liver Abscess diagnosis, Liver Abscess microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Coinfection, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Enterobacter aerogenes drug effects, Enterobacteriaceae Infections drug therapy, Klebsiella Infections drug therapy, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Liver Abscess drug therapy, Liver Transplantation adverse effects
Abstract: We report a case of successfully treated multiple liver abscesses in a liver-transplanted patient, sustained by combined multidrug-resistant infections. Two months after a liver transplant, a computed tomography scan revealed the presence of multiple abscesses in the liver graft. Blood cultures and abscessual liver fluid were both positive for acquired colistin- and carbapenem- resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and an extended-spectrum of beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacter aerogenes. The treatment strategy consisted of different prolonged antimicrobial combinations and draining of the abscesses with complete recovery of the liver lesions.
Published: 2018
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49. Rapid screening for malignancy in organ donors: 15-year experience with the Verona "Alert" protocol and review of the literature.

Author: Eccher A, Cima L, Ciangherotti A, Montin U, Violi P, Carraro A, Tedeschi U, Nacchia F, Fior F, Rostand M, Boschiero L, D'Errico A, Scarpa A, Casartelli-Liviero M, Ferrari G, Rodini V, Tomaselli E, Zampicinini L, Vanzo F, Bovo C, Feltrin G, Neil D, and Brunelli M
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Protocols, Donor Selection standards, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Italy epidemiology, Male, Mass Screening standards, Middle Aged, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms pathology, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Donor Selection methods, Mass Screening methods, Neoplasms diagnosis
Abstract: Background: Prevention of transmission of malignancy from donors to recipients is an aim of donor assessment. We report the most stringent interpretation of the Italian National Guidelines., Methods: A two-step ALERT process was used: ALERT1 consisting of clinical, radiological, and laboratory tests; ALERT2, consisting of intraoperative assessment in suspicious lesions., Results: Four hundred of 506 potential deceased donors entered the ALERT system. Forty-one of 400 (10%) donors were excluded due to unacceptable risk of transmission. Of the remaining 359 193 required histopathology, which excluded malignancy or determined acceptable risk in 161/193 (83%). Thirty-five malignancies were identified: 19 (54%) at ALERT1, four (11%) at ALERT2, nine (26%) picked up at ALERT1 and confirmed by ALERT2. Three (9%) were missed by ALERT and diagnosed at postmortem examination. Prostate (n=12%, 34%) and renal cell (n=7%, 20%) were the most frequent carcinomas. The majority (92%) of prostate adenocarcinomas were of low risk and donation proceeded compared to 43% of renal carcinomas. Four renal carcinomas, two breast carcinomas, and a single case of nine different malignancies excluded donation. Positive ALERT donors had statistically more malignant reports than negative ALERT donors (P=<.05)., Conclusion: Histopathology is an essential component of the multidisciplinary assessment of donors., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2017
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50. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the liver field: the double face of Everolimus in vitro.

Author: Masola V, Carraro A, Zaza G, Bellin G, Montin U, Violi P, Lupo A, and Tedeschi U
Subjects: Actins genetics, Actins metabolism, Animals, Everolimus administration & dosage, Fibronectins genetics, Fibronectins metabolism, Hep G2 Cells, Hepatic Stellate Cells physiology, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Phenotype, Phosphorylation drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Up-Regulation drug effects, Vimentin genetics, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition drug effects, Everolimus pharmacology, Gene Expression drug effects, Hepatic Stellate Cells drug effects, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology
Abstract: Background: Everolimus (EVE), a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has been proposed as liver transplant immunosuppressive drug, gaining wide interest also for the treatment of cancer. Although an appropriate tolerance, it may induce several adverse effects, such as fibro-interstitial pneumonitis due to the acquisition of activated myofibroblasts. The exact molecular mechanism associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be crucial also in the liver context. This work examines the role and the molecular mediators of EMT in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and human liver cancer cells (HepG2) and the potential role of EVE to maintain the epithelial phenotype rather than to act as a potential initiators of EMT., Methods: Real time-PCR and western blot have been used to assess the capability of EVE at low-therapeutic (10 nM) and high (100 nM) dose to induce an in vitro EMT in HSC and HepG2., Results: Biomolecular experiments demonstrated that low concentration of EVE (10 nM) did not modify the gene expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Vimentin (VIM), Fibronectin (FN) in both HSC and HepG2 cells, whereas EVE at 100 nM induced a significant over-expression of all the three above-mentioned genes and an increment of α-SMA and FN protein levels. Additionally, 100 nM of EVE induced a significant phosphorylation of AKT and an up-regulation of TGF-β expression in HSC and HepG2 cells., Discussion: Our data, although obtained in an in vitro model, revealed, for the first time, that high concentration of EVE may induce EMT in liver cells confirming previous published evidences obtained in renal cells. Additionally, they suggested that mTOR-I should be administered at the lowest dose able to maximize their important and specific therapeutic properties minimizing or avoiding fibrosis-related adverse effects., Conclusions: In summary, if confirmed by additional studies, our results could be useful for researchers to standardize new therapeutic immunosuppressive and anticancer drugs protocols.
Published: 2015
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