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Suicide ranks among the 10 leading causes of death, with rates increasing among middle-aged adults. Anger is associated with suicide risk, but few studies have investigated this association in a primarily middle-aged sample. The present study investigated the association between state or trait anger and suicidal ideation among a national sample of 1255 middle-aged adults. Participants (M = 54.5, SD = 11.7; range = 34-84) were from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Biomarker sub-project (2004-2009). In a multivariate model including age, sex, depression symptoms, angry temperament, and externalized anger, only angry temperament significantly predicted suicidal ideation independent of depression symptoms (OR = 1.13, p = .04). The associations between anger subscales and suicidal ideation were not moderated by gender or depression symptoms and were not mediated by interpersonal difficulties. Among middle-aged adults, angry temperament is associated with risk of suicidal ideation, irrespective of gender or depression symptoms. Assessing and addressing angry temperament in treatment may help decrease suicide risk., Author(s): Ruifeng Cui [sup.1] , Montgomery T. Owsiany [sup.1] , Nicholas Turiano [sup.1] , Amy Fiske [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.268154.c, 0000 0001 2156 6140, Department of Psychology, West [...]

Objectives: This review aims to evaluate and synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings on perceived control and value placed on control within the context of suicidal ideation or nonfatal suicidal behaviors in older adults. Method: A comprehensive literature search was completed in June 2022, October 2022, and November 2023. Included studies focused on perceived control or value placed on control and on suicidal ideation or nonfatal suicidal behavior. Studies were published in English and included older adults (≥ 60 years) in separate analyses. Studies focusing on self-efficacy were excluded. Results: Twelve studies with 10 unique samples of 1487 total participants from eight countries were assessed. Quantitative studies indicated that perceived control and value placed on control are significant correlates of suicidal ideation and nonfatal suicidal behaviors, while qualitative studies highlighted that individuals who survive suicide attempts often specify decreased perceived control as a reason for their attempts. Conclusion: Results of this review indicate that perceived control and value placed on control are relevant variables when studying suicidal ideation and nonfatal suicidal behavior. This conclusion should be considered preliminary. Future research should examine heterogeneous samples, adopt gold standard assessments, and assess covariates in the associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder as men. Yet suicide rates are four times higher in men than women, increasing to six times when comparing older men to older women. Investigators have begun researching if depression presents differently in individuals who adhere to masculine norms, leading to the conceptualization of masculine depression. Despite validity evidence for the Male Depression Risk Scale-22 (MDRS-22) in mixed-age samples, few studies have investigated the possibility of age-related differences in masculine depression. The present study aimed to test for age invariance of the MDRS-22. Method: Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was tested via a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with groups of younger (18–64 years) and older (65+ years) males (N = 469). Results: Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was not established, ΔX2 = 451.47, Δdf = 16, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that masculine depression may present differently between younger and older men. To fully understand the construct of masculine depression, it is important to investigate how symptoms may present in individuals of all ages. Overall, the study highlights the importance of investigating how masculine depression may present differently in older men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of the viscoelastic properties of polymer solids, melts, and solutions is broadly practiced. The so-called 'frequency sweep' appears in thousands of publications, with data covering up to five decades of frequency to reveal, for example, the relative molecular size of a polymer. To perform these experiments, the frequency range is typically 'swept' from high to low frequency or vice versa. Unfortunately, this confounds frequency with run time. This is more than annoying; time effects can result in serious mistakes in the interpretation of the data. Fortunately, the confounding can be eliminated by simply running the frequencies in random order, which converts the time trend to random error. Described here is how this can be done and shows via modeling that the result can not only show that time effects are present but can be analyzed to show the time rate of change of the sample. This analysis is demonstrated using two real examples: loss of solvent from poly(dimethyl siloxane) gum and gelation of porcine gelatin. This method compares well with the multiwave technique, but does not require any special software or adjustments of amplitude with frequency or harmonic spacing of the frequencies. KEYWORDS melt rheology, porcine gelatin, random-frequency sweeps, 1 | INTRODUCTION Since their introduction, rotational rheometers have been successfully adapted for dynamic and steady measurements of shear stresses as a function of frequency ([omega]) and shear rate ([??]), [...]

Lipophilic efficiency (LipE) and lipophilic metabolic efficiency (LipMetE) are valuable tools that can be utilized as part of a multiparameter optimization process to advance a hit to a clinical quality compound. This review covers recent, effective use cases of LipE and LipMetE that have been published in the literature over the past 5 years. These use cases resulted in the delivery of high-quality molecules that were brought forward to in vivo work and/or to clinical studies. The authors discuss best-practices for using LipE and LipMetE analysis, combined with lipophilicity-focused compound design strategies, to increase the speed and effectiveness of the hit to clinical quality compound optimization process. It has become well established that increasing LipE and LipMetE within a series of analogs facilitates the improvement of broad selectivity, clearance, solubility, and permeability and, through this optimization, also facilitates the achievement of desired pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and tolerability. Within this article, we discuss lipophilic efficiency-focused optimization as a tool to yield high-quality potential clinical candidates. It is suggested that LipE/LipMetE-focused optimization can facilitate and accelerate the drug-discovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant fraction of the experimental works on the rheology of polymer melts include an attempt to find the zero-shear-rate viscosity [[eta].sub.0]. This is done for good reasons, because [[eta].sub.0] is a limiting property that depends only on thermodynamic variables and, importantly, the molecular and supermolecular structure of the melt. As with all limiting properties, [[eta].sub.0] is impossible to measure directly. Fortunately with many melts, it can be estimated from viscosity measurements at very low shear rates or frequencies, but still remains one of those properties that becomes in the limit very prone to error. The common approach is to use a set of frequency- or shear-rate-dependent data and extrapolate to find [[eta].sub.0]. As with any extrapolation, the major question is the function used for the extrapolation. This question is addressed in some detail in this article. The question of which function to use was discarded in favor of using a large sample of 20 equations of many functional forms. This sample of randomly chosen equations was used to generate a set of [[eta].sub.0] values, and the statistics of this distribution were examined, in the usual fashion, by description with an analytical probability density function that gives a high probability of being a likely generator of the data. In addition, a weighted average was proposed, where the weighting factor takes into account the quality of the fit. For testing these ideas, the room temperature melts of poly(vinyl isobutyl ether), poly(isobutylene), and poly(dimethyl siloxane) were used. The [[eta].sub.0] of the latter was reachable; for the other resins, a falling ball technique was attempted. KEYWORDS empirical viscosity descriptions, generalized Newtonian fluids, zero-shear-rate viscosity, 1 | INTRODUCTION While gathering viscosity data for viscoelastic polymer melts, many investigators stop taking data at shear rates (or frequencies) somewhat or even well above the point where the [...]

Twenty-nine percent of adults in the U.S. care for children, and 12% to 24.3% of those adults are multigenerational caregivers who also provide unpaid care for one or more adults. These adults are considered members of the "sandwich generation," which is a term for multigenerational caregivers who provide care, financial support, and emotional support for both their children and parents. The present study characterized the sandwich generation and examined how sandwich generation caregivers differed from caregivers of children, caregivers of parents, and non-caregivers regarding burnout and depression. We found that sandwich generation caregivers and caregivers of parents reported significantly higher levels of informal caregiving burnout than caregivers of children. Compared to non-caregivers, all caregivers reported significantly higher levels of personal burnout. Burnout is higher in sandwich generation caregivers and those who care for parents than burnout among those who care only for children. Future studies should investigate additional variables that affect burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterize rates and correlates of PTSD and of trauma re-engagement without PTSD in medically ill older Veterans, as well as supportive strategies, with the goal of advancing trauma-informed care. We interviewed medically ill older Veterans (N = 88, M age 75.13, SD = 6.14) with primary care screening measures for PTSD and trauma re-engagement, and open-ended questions to assess supportive strategies. One-fifth (20.5%) presented with probable PTSD, associated with greater trauma exposures (r=.57, p<.001), whereas two-fifths (43.2%) reported re-engagement with military memories without PTSD, associated with having a spouse/partner (t = 2.27, p=.028). Of those who experienced trauma, half reported thinking more about the trauma recently and becoming more emotional on certain days. In response to the question 'What gives you strength as you think about the future with your illness' Veterans described support of family, healthcare, worldview, personal control, acceptance, and health behaviors. Memories of trauma are common with medical illness. Age-friendly trauma-informed care could consider factors that patients describe as sources of strength with illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good strategy for working with external media is essential to the success of student affairs professionals. Examples of practices that lead to effective engagement with the various media are examined. (Author)

Of the torsional drag-flow experiments, the hands-down winner for simplicity and ease of use is that using parallel-plate fixtures. This geometry is highly flexible, allowing custom modification of plate size and material, and is easily adaptable for optical use and the application of electric fields. However, its nonuniform flow is a major encumbrance for measuring nonlinear response. In 1987, Cross and Kaye offered a simple and clever solution for this problem, which essentially states that one assumes the sample is Newtonian, but the shear rate assigned to the observed “Newtonian” viscosity is 3/4ths of the rim shear rate. This shift factor arises from the use of Gaussian integration over radius of the nonlinear stress profile. Recent re-examination of the Cross-Kaye rule indicates that there may be a more accurate rule of thumb with the shift factor being 0.8 instead of 0.75 (4/5 instead of 3/4). However, for complex materials, the real question is how much useful information is covered up by this approach vs. the traditional differentiation of the integral to account for the stress profile. We have attempted to answer this question using a selection of nonlinear measurements on an AB block copolymer solution that is rheologically complex.

A creeping squeeze flow apparatus [1 - 2] was modified with a Fizeau interferometer optical motion transducer and equipped with a high-temperature, high-vacuum enclosure. Long-term squeeze flow experiments were done on a broad-MW, 1 melt-flow index commercial HDPE at 190˚C, with runs covering about a week. Over this period, no thermal degradation of the polymer was observed, and the geometry of the apparatus was stable. Low-shear-rate viscosities were measured within the maximum shear rates from 1.7 × 10−5 to 7.6 × 10−5 1/s (stress ~ 1.7 to 8 Pa), resulting in an two-decade expansion in the experimental window for this difficult-to-characterize HDPE resin with long relaxation times.