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22 results on '"Montecino-Latorre, Diego"'

1. Seasonal shedding of coronavirus by straw-colored fruit bats at urban roosts in Africa

Author

Montecino-Latorre, Diego, Goldstein, Tracey, Kelly, Terra R, Wolking, David J, Kindunda, Adam, Kongo, Godphrey, Bel-Nono, Samuel O, Kazwala, Rudovick R, Suu-Ire, Richard D, Barker, Christopher M, Johnson, Christine Kreuder, and Mazet, Jonna AK

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Life on Land, Animals, Chiroptera, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Ghana, Humans, Seasons, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) is a pteropodid whose conservation is crucial for maintaining functional connectivity of plant populations in tropical Africa. Land conversion has pushed this species to adapt to roosting in urban centers across its range. These colonies often host millions of individuals, creating intensive human-bat contact interfaces that could facilitate the spillover of coronaviruses shed by these bats. A better understanding of coronavirus dynamics in these roosts is needed to identify peak times of exposure risk in order to propose evidence-based management that supports safe human-bat coexistence, as well as the conservation of this chiropteran. We studied the temporal patterns of coronavirus shedding in E. helvum, by testing thousands of longitudinally-collected fecal samples from two spatially distant urban roosts in Ghana and Tanzania. Shedding of coronaviruses peaked during the second part of pup weaning in both roosts. Assuming that coronavirus shedding is directly related to spillover risk, our results indicate that exposure mitigation should target reducing contact between people and E. helvum roosts during the pup "weaning" period. This recommendation can be applied across the many highly-populated urban sites occupied by E. helvum across Africa.

Published
2022

2. Reproduction of East-African bats may guide risk mitigation for coronavirus spillover

Author

Montecino-Latorre, Diego, Goldstein, Tracey, Gilardi, Kirsten, Wolking, David, Van Wormer, Elizabeth, Kazwala, Rudovick, Ssebide, Benard, Nziza, Julius, Sijali, Zikankuba, Cranfield, Michael, and Mazet, Jonna AK

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Bats, Coronavirus, Shedding, Seasonal, Reproductive cycle, Weaning, East-Africa, PREDICT Consortium, Health services and systems
Abstract

BackgroundBats provide important ecosystem services; however, current evidence supports that they host several zoonotic viruses, including species of the Coronaviridae family. If bats in close interaction with humans host and shed coronaviruses with zoonotic potential, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus, spillover may occur. Therefore, strategies aiming to mitigate potential spillover and disease emergence, while supporting the conservation of bats and their important ecological roles are needed. Past research suggests that coronavirus shedding in bats varies seasonally following their reproductive cycle; however, shedding dynamics have been assessed in only a few species, which does not allow for generalization of findings across bat taxa and geographic regions.MethodsTo assess the generalizability of coronavirus shedding seasonality, we sampled hundreds of bats belonging to several species with different life history traits across East Africa at different times of the year. We assessed, via Bayesian modeling, the hypothesis that chiropterans, across species and spatial domains, experience seasonal trends in coronavirus shedding as a function of the reproductive cycle.ResultsWe found that, beyond spatial, taxonomic, and life history differences, coronavirus shedding is more expected when pups are becoming independent from the dam and that juvenile bats are prone to shed these viruses.ConclusionsThese findings could guide policy aimed at the prevention of spillover in limited-resource settings, where longitudinal surveillance is not feasible, by identifying high-risk periods for coronavirus shedding. In these periods, contact with bats should be avoided (for example, by impeding or forbidding people access to caves). Our proposed strategy provides an alternative to culling - an ethically questionable practice that may result in higher pathogen levels - and supports the conservation of bats and the delivery of their key ecosystem services.

Published
2020

3. Overwintering of West Nile virus in a bird community with a communal crow roost.

Author

Montecino-Latorre, Diego and Barker, Christopher M

Subjects
Animals, Crows, West Nile virus, West Nile Fever, Bird Diseases, Seasons, Algorithms, Models, Biological, Biodefense, Rare Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Vector-Borne Diseases, West Nile Virus, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Models, Biological, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract

In temperate climates, transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) is detectable rarely during the coldest months (late fall through early spring), yet the virus has reappeared consistently during the next warm season. Several mechanisms may contribute to WNV persistence through winter, including bird-to-bird transmission among highly viremic species. Here we consider whether, under realistic scenarios supported by field and laboratory evidence, a winter bird community could sustain WNV through the winter in the absence of mosquitoes. With this purpose we constructed a deterministic model for a community of susceptible birds consisting of communally roosting crows, raptors and other birds. We simulated WNV introduction and subsequent transmission dynamics during the winter under realistic initial conditions and model parameterizations, including plausible contact rates for roosting crows. Model results were used to determine whether the bird community could yield realistic outbreaks that would result in WNV infectious individuals at the end of the winter, which would set up the potential for onward horizontal transmission into summer. Our findings strongly suggest that winter crow roosts could allow for WNV persistence through the winter, and our model results provide synthesis to explain inconclusive results from field studies on WNV overwintering in crow roosts.

Published
2018

7. Elevation and vegetation determine Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding by yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Author

Montecino-Latorre, Diego, Li, Xunde, Xiao, Chengling, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Digestive Diseases, C. parvum, Cryptosporidium, Elevation, Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Yellow-bellied marmot, Environmental Science and Management, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Wildlife are increasingly recognized as important biological reservoirs of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium that might contaminate water and cause human exposure to this protozoal parasite. The habitat range of the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) overlaps extensively with the watershed boundaries of municipal water supplies for California communities along the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study to estimate the fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts by yellow-bellied marmots and to quantify the environmental loading rate and determine risk factors for Cryptosporidium fecal shedding in this montane wildlife species. The observed proportion of Cryptosporidium positive fecal samples was 14.7% (33/224, positive number relative to total number samples) and the environmental loading rate was estimated to be 10,693 oocysts animal(-1) day(-1). Fecal shedding was associated with the elevation and vegetation status of their habitat. Based on a portion of the 18s rRNA gene sequence of 2 isolates, the Cryptosporidium found in Marmota flaviventris were 99.88%-100% match to multiple isolates of C. parvum in the GenBank.

Published
2015

9. WildHealthNet: Supporting the development of sustainable wildlife health surveillance networks in Southeast Asia

Author

Pruvot, Mathieu, primary, Denstedt, Emily, additional, Latinne, Alice, additional, Porco, Alice, additional, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, additional, Khammavong, Kongsy, additional, Milavong, Phonesavanh, additional, Phouangsouvanh, Souchinda, additional, Sisavanh, Manoly, additional, Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh, additional, Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich, additional, Thanh, Vo Duy, additional, Chea, Sokha, additional, Sours, Sreyem, additional, Phommachanh, Phouvong, additional, Theppangna, Watthana, additional, Phiphakhavong, Sithong, additional, Vanna, Chhuon, additional, Masphal, Kry, additional, Sothyra, Tum, additional, San, Sorn, additional, Chamnan, Hong, additional, Long, Pham Thanh, additional, Diep, Nguyen Thi, additional, Duoc, Vu Trong, additional, Zimmer, Patrick, additional, Brown, Kevin, additional, Olson, Sarah H., additional, and Fine, Amanda E., additional

Published
2023
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11. Evidence supporting that human-subsidized free-ranging dogs are the main cause of animal losses in small-scale farms in Chile

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Program in Science, Technology and Society, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, San Martín, William, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Program in Science, Technology and Society, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, and San Martín, William

Abstract

We surveyed professionals from the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture working with small-scale farmers to characterize the attacks of free-ranging dogs across Chile. Nationwide, in a single year, free-ranging dogs attacked 25% of the ca. 8500 farms included in the survey, killing or injuring about 10 000 small ruminants. These dogs were ranked as the main cause of animal losses for small-scale farmers, representing a threat to the livelihoods of this vulnerable group. Further, free-ranging dogs attacking small ruminants were considered as human-subsidized, since they would be recruited by irresponsible ownership and abandonment from urban centers. This is the first national assessment reporting that human-subsidized dogs are a main threat to livestock rearing. Policies to control populations of these animals should target their anthropogenic origin as well as cultural shifts in dog ownership and animal welfare. While these policies may be effective mid- to long-term approaches, short-term actions may also be needed.

Published
2022

12. Wildhealthnet: Supporting the Development of Sustainable Wildlife Health Surveillance Networks in Southeast Asia

Author

Pruvot, Mathieu, primary, Denstedt, Emily, additional, Latinne, Alice, additional, Porco, Alice, additional, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, additional, Khammavong, Kongsy, additional, Milavong, Phonesavanh, additional, Phougsouvanh, Souchinda, additional, Sisavanh, Manoly, additional, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Nga, additional, Pham Thi Bich, Ngoc, additional, Vo Duy, Thanh, additional, Chea, Sokha, additional, Sours, Sreyem, additional, Phommachanh, Phouvong, additional, Theppangna, Watthana, additional, Phiphakhavong, Sithong, additional, Chhuon, Vanna, additional, Kry, Masphal, additional, Tum, Sothyra, additional, Sorn, San, additional, Hong, Chamnan, additional, Pham Thanh, Long, additional, Nguyen Thi, Diep, additional, Vu Trong, Duoc, additional, Zimmer, Patrick, additional, Brown, Kevin, additional, Olson, Sarah H., additional, and Fine, Amanda E., additional

Published
2022
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13. Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

Author

Saylors, Karen, Wolking, David J., Hagan, Emily, Martinez, Stephanie, Francisco, Leilani, Euren, Jason, Olson, Sarah H., Miller, Maureen, Fine, Amanda E., Thanh, Nga Nguyen Thi, Tran Minh, Phuc, Kalengkongan, Jusuf D., Kusumaningrum, Tina, Latinne, Alice, Pamungkas, Joko, Safari, Dodi, Saputro, Suryo, Bamba, Djeneba, Coulibaly, Kalpy Julien, Dosso, Mireille, Laudisoit, Anne, N'guettia Jean, Kouassi Manzan, Dutta, Shusmita, Islam, Ariful, Shano, Shahanaj, Mwanzalila, Mwokozi I., Trupin, Ian P., Gbakima, Aiah, Bangura, James, Yondah, Sylvester T., Karmacharya, Dibesh, Shrestha, Rima D., Kamta, Marcelle Annie Matsida, Mouiche, Mohamed Moctar Mouliom, Ndolo, Hilarion Moukala, Niama, Fabien Roch, Onikrotin, Dionne, Daszak, Peter, Johnson, Christine K., Mazet, Jonna A. K., Abaneh, Ola, Ababneh, Mustafa, Rafia, Jum, Sukor, Abd, Abdullah, Mohd Lufti, Abedin, Josefina, Abu-Basha, Ehab, Ali, Mohamed, Beal Akoundze, Junior, Akpaki, Joel, Al Hanandeh, Sief Addeen, Al Omari, Bilal, Al Shakil, Abdullah, Al-Zghoul, Mohammed, Albart, Stephenie Ann, Alshammari, Abdullah, Amarneh, Basil H., Ampofo, William, Andrew, Victoria, Ahn, Dao Le, Ankhanbaatar, Ulaankhuu, Anthony, Simon, Antonjaya, Ungke, Araya, Kidan, Arku, Jallah, Arshat, Norsharina, Asigbee, Theodore, Aung, Ohnmar, Awuni, Joseph, Ayukebong, James, Azian, Mohammed, Aziz, Nor Adilah, Ba, Aminata, Bassan, Ganzorig, Bagato, Ola, Bamba, Aboubacar, Bamba, Djenba, Barkhasbaatar, Ariunbaatar, Barrera, June, Basaraba, Cale, Bel-nono, Samuel, Belaganahalli, Manjunatha, Belay, Desalgen, Belkharia, Jaber, Binol, Ridzki M. F., Bird, Brian, Bista, Manisha, Biswas, Pitu, Blake, Matthew, Boatemaa, Linda, Bonason, Margret, Brandful, James, Brown, Joseph, Brownstein, John, Camara, Mamadi, Camara, Salif, Chai, Daniel, Chakraborty, Debapriyo, Chale, Hannah, Chaudhary, Ashok, Chea, Sokha, Chmura, Aleksei, Goossens, Benoit, Chow, Andrew, Churchill, Carolina, Commey, Abraham, Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel, Coulibaly, Julien Kalpy, Cranfield, Michael, Damanik, Wirda, Damdinjav, Batchullum, Danial, Norhidayah, Dasak, Peter, David, Runie, Dawson, Patrick, Dembele, Arjouma, Deme, Awa, Desmond, James, Dewantari, Arghianditya Kresno, Dhanota, Jaseet, Dhole, Tapan, Diep, Nguyen Thi, Dionkounda, Artistide, Diop, Gaye Laye, Dodd, Kimberly, Dogby, Otilia, Dorjnyam, Tumendemberel, Dosso, Mireielle, Doumbouya, Kalil, Doumbouya, Mohamed Idriss, Doyle, Megan, Dramou, Simone, Drazenovich, Tracy, Duc Ahn, Dang, Duc Luu, Bach, Duendkae, Prateep, Duoc, Vu Trong, Duong, Tran Nhu, Duong, Veasna, Dursman, Huda, Dussart, Phillipe, Ee, Tan Jun, Ekiri, Abel, El Rifay, Amira S., El Shesheny, Rabel, El Taween, Ahmed N., Emmanuel, Zena Babu, Epstein, Jonathan H., Evans, Tierra Smiley, Fahmawi, Alaa, Fahn, Simeon, Feferholtz, Yasha, Ferdous, Jinnat, Fine, Amanda, Flora, Meerjady, Fransisco, Leilani, Fui Fui, Lem, Gabourie, Taylor, Gani, Millawati, Garbo, Michael, Gardner, Nicole, Gbamele, Marie, Ge, Xingyi, Gee, Lee Heng, Genovese, Brooke, Gibson, Alexandra, Gilardi, Kirsten, Gilbert, Martin, Gillis, Amethyst, Ginsos, Andrew, Godji Gnabro, Privat, Goldstein, Tracey, Gomaa, Moktar, Gomis, Jules, Gonzalez, Kevin, Grange, Zoe, Greig, Denise, Grodus, Michael, Gueu, Kpon Kakeuma Romeo, Gutierrez, Leticia, Haba, Dan Marcelin, Hamid, Suraya, Harris, Daniel K., Hashim, Abdul Kadir Abu, Hassan, Moushumi, Hassan, Quazar Nizamuddin, He, Qun, Hemachudha, Thiravat, Henry, Helen, Herbert, Ronald, Hijazeen, Zaidoun, Hilarion, Moukala Ndolo, Hill, Rebecca, Hoa, Nguyen Thi, Horwood, Paul, Hossain, Md. Enayet, Hossain, Saddam, Htun, Moh Moh, Hu, Ben, Hughes, Tom, Hul, Vibol, Van, Vo, Hussein, Fatima, Indola, Ghislain Dzeret, Iskandriati, Diah, Islam, Md. Tarikul, Islam, Shariful, Isnaim Ismail, Mohd, Ismail, Zuhair Bani, Iyanya, Jacques, Jaimin, Joel Judson, Jambai, Amara, Japning, Jeffrine Rovie Ryan, Japrin, Alexter, Jean Louis, Frantz, Joe, Titus, Johnson, Erica, Joly, Damien, Joshi, Jyotsna, Kalengkongan, Jusuf, Kalivogui, Douokoro, Kamara-Chieyoe, Nenneh, Kamau, Joseph, Kambale Syaluha, Eddy, Kandeil, Ahmed, Kane, Yogouba, Karesh, William, Kargo, Kandeh, Kasenda, Novie, Kayali, Ghazi, Kayed, Ahmed S., Kazwala, Rudovick, Ke, Changwen, Keates, Lucy, Kebede, Nigatu, Khamphaphongphane, Bouaphanh, Kheong, Chong Chee, Kilonzo, Christopher, Koffa, Ma-Sue, Kollie, Amos G., Kondiano, Marcel Sidik, Koropo, Michel, Kouamé Kouakou, Valere, Kouassi Koffi, Eugene, Kourouma, Mariam, Koutate, Abdoulaye Ousmane, Kowel, Citra Liv, Krou, Hermann Assemien, Kumakamba, Charles, Kutkat, Omnia, Lamah, François, Lan, Nguyen Thi, Lane, Jennifer, Lange, Christian, Larmouth, Emmanuel, Le Doux, Joseph Diffo, Leasure, Elizabeth, Leasure, Katherine, LeBreton, Mat, Lee, Jimmy, Lee, Helen, Lee, Mei Ho, Leno, Amara, Li, Hongying, Liang, Eliza, Liang, Neal, Lim, Dorothy, Lipkin, W. Ian, Liu, Jun, Lo, Modou Moustafa, Lojivis, Leonoris, Long, Nguyen Van, Lucas, Ashley, Lukusa, Jean Paul, Lungay, Victor, Lushima, Shongo, Lutwama, Julius, Ma, Wenjun, Machalaba, Catherine, Maganga, Grace, Magesa, Walter Simon, Mahmoud, Sara H., Makuwa, Maria, Makweta, Asha, Mamun, Abdullah Al, Manandhar, Prajwol, Maneeorn, Patarapol, Mann, Harjeet, Maomy, Bhele, Maptue, Victorine, Mathew, Alice, Mavoungou, Yanne Vanessa, Maw, Min Thein, Mazet, Jonna, Mbala, Placide, Mbuba, Emmanuel, Mbunwe, Eric, McIver, David, Mendelsohn, Emma, Miegakanda, Valchy Bel-Bebi, Minh, Phan Quang, Mkali, Happy, Moatasim, Yassmin, Mombouli, Jean Vivien, Monagin, Corina, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, Mossoun Mossoun, Arsene, Mostafa, Ahmed, Mouiche, Moctar, Mpassi, Romain Bagamboula, Msigwa, Alphonce, Mudakikwa, Antoine, Mugok, Laura Benedict, Mulembakani, Prime, Murray, Suzan, Musa, Fakhrul Hatta, Musabimana, Pacifique, Mutura, Samson, Mwamlima, Tunu, Mwanzanilla, Mwokozi, Myaing, Tin Tin, Myat, Theingi Win, Myo Chit, Aung, N’faly, Magassouba, N’Guettia, Manzan Jean, N’télo, Anatole, Nakimera, Sylivia, Nam, Vu Sinh, Napit, Rajindra, Nathan, Senthilvel K. S. S., Navarrete-Macias, Isamara, Ndebe, Kortu M., Ndiaye, Amadou, Ndiaye, Daouda, Negash, Yohannes, Nga, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Ngay, Ipos, Ngoc, Pham Thi Bich, Niama, Fabien, Nina, Rock Aimé, Niyonzima, Schadrack, Nkom, Felix, Nkoua, Cynthia, Noordin, Noorliza, Noviana, Rachmitasari, Nwobegahay, Julius, Nziza, Julius, O’Rourke, Daniel, O’Rourke, Tammie, Obodai, Evangeline, Okello Okwir, Ricky, Olival, Kevin, Olson, Sarah, Olva, Onkirotin Dionne, Ontiveros, Victoria, Opook, Fernandes, Panchadcharam, Chandrawathani, Pandit, Pranav, Parra, Henri-Joseph, Phuc, Tran Minh, Phuong, Nguyen Thanh, Poultolnor, Jackson Y., Pradhan, Saman, Preston, Eunah Cho, Pruvot, Mathieu, Purevtseren, Dulam, Puri, Dhiraj, Quang, Le Tin Vinh, Rachmitasari, Novie, Rahman, Kaisar, Rahman, Mizanur, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, Rahman, Mustafizur, Ramirez, Diana, Randhawa, Nistara, Raut, Samita, Rosario, Joseph, Ross, Albert, Ross, Noam, Rostal, Melinda, Roualdes, Pamela, Rubin, Eddy, Rumi, Aftab Uddin, Rundi, Christina, Sackie, Melkor, Sajali, Zikankuba, Samuels, Sandra G, Sango, Mathias, Saptu, Ammar Rafidah, Saraka, Daniel N’guessan, Sartee, Alvis A., Sayandouno, Sia Alida, Seck, Mame Cheikh, Sedor, Victoria, Sharma, Ajay Narayan, Sharminie, Velsri, Shehata, Mahmoud M., Sheikh, Gafur, Shi, Zhengli, Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin, Shrestha, Bishwo, Shrestha, Rima, Sidibey, Mohammed, Silithammavong, Soubanh, Simon, Daniel, Sion, Emilly, Sipangkui, Symphorosa, Sitam, Frankie Thomas, Smith, Brett, Smith, Bridgette, Smith, Woutrina, Sodnom, Batsikhan, Ssebide, Benard, Suleiman, Maria, Sullivan, Ava, Sungif, Nur Amirah, Suu-Ire, Richard, Sy, Mouhamed, Takuo, Jean Michel, Talafha, Hani, Tamoufe, Ubald, Tetteh, Emmanuel, Than Toe, Aung, Thanda, Lanash, Thanh Long, Ngo, Thein, Wai Zin, Theppangna, Watthana, Thinh, Nguyen Duc, Thuy, Hoang Bich, Thuy, Nguyen Thu, Togami, Eri, Tolno, Moise Bendoua, Tolovou, Kevin, Topani, Rahmat, Tremeau-Bravard, Alexandre, Trupin, Ian, Tumushime, Jean Claude, Tun, Kyaw Yan Naing, Turay, Joseph, Uddin, Helal, Uhart, Marcela, Ureda, Nicole, Valitutto, Marc, Verasahib, Khebir, Vodzak, Megan, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, Wahad, Mohammad Yuery Wazlan Abdul, Watson, Brooke, Wells, Heather, White, Allison, Willoughby, Anna, Wiyatno, Ageng, Wolking, David, Yang, Xinglou, Yao, Lim Ming, Yombouno, Sayon, Young, Cristin, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zeid, Zahidah Izzati, Zghoul, Ghadeer, Zhang, Libiao, Zhang, Yunzhi, Zhu, Guangjian, Zimmerman, Dawn, Zoumarou, Daba, Aguirre, Alonso, Aguirre, Luis, Akongo, Mark-Joel, Alandia Robles, Erika, Ambu, Laurentius, Ayala Aguilar, Glenda, Barcena, Luis, Barradas, Rosario, Basir, Misliah Mohamad, Bogich, Tiffany, Bounga, Gerard, Buchy, Philippe, Bunn, David, Byaruba, Denis, Cameron, Ken, Carroll, Dennis, Cavero, Nancy, Cespedes, Manuel, Che, Xiaoyu, Chiu, Charles, Chor, Kimashalen, Clements, Andrew, Dary Acevedo, Luz, de Almeida Campos, Angelica, De La Puente, Micaela, de Lamballerie, Xavier, de Paula, Catia, Delwart, Eric, Diffo Le Doux, Joseph, Doyle-Capitman, Catherine, Durigon, Edison, Fair, Joseph, Ferrer-Paris, José R., Formenty, Pierre, Galarza, Isabel, Garcia, Joel, Grard, Gilda, Greatorex, Zoe, Harris, Laurie, Hitchens, Peta, Ho, Mei, Hosseini, Parviez, In, Samath, Iñíguez, Volga, Jain, Komal, Jamaluddin, Abd. Aziz, Johnson, Christine, Jones, Kate, Joyner, Priscilla, Kaba, Serge, Kambale, Eddy, Kataregga, Abdulhameed, Kelly, Terra, Khammavong, Kongsy, Kilpatrick, A. Marm, Laimun, Samsir, Lee, Mei-Ho, LeRoy, Eric, Levinson, Jordan, Levy, Marc, Limachi, Rolando, Loh, Elizabeth, Lowenstine, Linda J., Luis Mollericona, José, Maganga, Ruth, Malakalinga, Joseph, Manhas, Melissa, Marra, Pete, Mbabazi, Rachael, Medellín, Rodrigo, Mendoza, Patricia, Miller, Sireeda, Miranda, Flavia, Mitchell, Megan, Mohamed, Ramlan, Mollard, Debbie, Morse, Stephen, Mouellet, Wivine, Moya, Isabel, Murillo, Yovanna, Murray, Kris, Muyembe Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, Nassar, Fernando, Nathan, Sen, Nsengimana, Olivier, Ogg Keatts, Lucy, Ojeda-Flore, Rafael, Okwir Okello, Ricky, Ondzie, Alain, Paweska, Janusz, Pereira, Alisa, Pereira, Victoria, Perez, Alberto, Perez, Jocelyn, Phon, Simorn, Reed, Patricia, Rejmanek, Dan, Rico, Oscar, Rivera, Rosario, Romero, Monica, Roy, Celina, Saepuloh, Uus, Schneider, Brad, Schwind, Jessica, Singhalath, Sinpakhome, Smith, Kristine, Suárez, Fabiola, Suzan, Gerardo, Thanh Nga, Nguyen Thi, Thomas, Kate, Ticona, Herminio, VanWormer, Elizabeth, Villar, Sandra, Weisman, Wendy, Westfall, Michael, Whittier, Chris, Wicker, Leanne, Wolfe, Nathan, Yang, Angela, Zariquiey, Carlos, Zhang, Shu-Yi, Zorine Nkouants, Baudelaire, Zainuddin, Zainal, Chrisman, Cara, Pabst, August, Shek, Amalhin, and Trostle, Murray

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Behavioral risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Behavioural sciences, Disease, Community integration, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Research, 2.3 Psychological, Behavioral and Social Science, Agency (sociology), medicine, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, GE1-350, Aetiology, One health, Social science research, business.industry, Prevention, Research, Public health, PREDICT Consortium, Public relations, Focus group, Environmental sciences, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, One Health, Multi-disciplinary surveillance, social and economic factors, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Infection, Psychology, International development, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42522-021-00036-9.

Published
2021

15. Will the yellow fever mosquito colonise Europe? Assessing the re-introduction of Aedes aegypti using a process-based population dynamical model

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Da Re, Daniele, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, Vanwambeke, Sophie, Marcantonio, Matteo, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Da Re, Daniele, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, Vanwambeke, Sophie, and Marcantonio, Matteo

Abstract

Aedes aegypti are feared invasive mosquitoes as they transmit pathogens which cause debilitating diseases in humans. Although mainland Europe has not yet witnessed re-establishment and dispersal of Ae. aegypti populations, several urban areas along coastlines represent suitable habitats for the species. In addition, European coastal areas are characterised by high exotic species propagule pressure, due to dense international ship traffic. To assess the likelihood of establishment in order to guide surveillance and control planning, we applied a process-based population dynamical model to simulate both the life cycle and dispersal of Ae. aegypti at the local scale after its introduction through ship traffic. We selected five European ports along a latitudinal gradient by considering both environmental conditions and the economical importance of ports: Algeciras and Barcelona in Spain; Venice and Genoa in Italy and Rotterdam in the Netherlands. The model was informed using parameters relevant for Ae. aegypti biology, fine-scale temperature time-series, urban structures and road networks. According to model results, the introduction of small quantities of Ae. aegypti eggs (10−1000) has the potential to cause species establishment, high local densities and slow initial dispersal in the two southernmost study areas, Algeciras and Barcelona, whereas Genoa is at the edge of suitability. Barcelona had the highest simulated mosquito densities (584 females/ha), whereas Algeciras densities were never more than 32 females/ha, but were higher during the colder seasons. The median spatial spread of the species varied between a few hundred meters to 2 km/year and was affected by the structure of the road network, topography and urban sprawl along the coast in the surrounding of the port of introduction. The study areas of Genoa, Venice and Rotterdam were found not suitable for establishment of this mosquito species, however, climate change could create conditions for Ae. aegypti i

Published
2021

16. Evidence supporting that human-subsidized free-ranging dogs are the main cause of animal losses in small-scale farms in Chile

Author

Montecino-Latorre, Diego, San Martín, William, Montecino-Latorre, Diego, and San Martín, William

Abstract

We surveyed professionals from the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture working with small-scale farmers to characterize the attacks of free-ranging dogs across Chile. Nationwide, in a single year, free-ranging dogs attacked 25% of the ca. 8500 farms included in the survey, killing or injuring about 10 000 small ruminants. These dogs were ranked as the main cause of animal losses for small-scale farmers, representing a threat to the livelihoods of this vulnerable group. Further, free-ranging dogs attacking small ruminants were considered as human-subsidized, since they would be recruited by irresponsible ownership and abandonment from urban centers. This is the first national assessment reporting that human-subsidized dogs are a main threat to livestock rearing. Policies to control populations of these animals should target their anthropogenic origin as well as cultural shifts in dog ownership and animal welfare. While these policies may be effective mid- to long-term approaches, short-term actions may also be needed.

Published
2021

18. Sarcoptic mange; an emerging threat to Chilean wild mammals?

Author

Montecino-Latorre, Diego, Napolitano, Constanza, Briceño, Cristóbal, and Uhart, Marcela M.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Probable Case, Biodiversity, Wildlife, Mange, Sarcoptic scabiei, Disease, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, parasitic diseases, medicine, Chile, Socioeconomics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Surveillance, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Alopecia, medicine.disease, Protected areas, Geography, lcsh:Ecology, Spatial extent, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Sarcoptic mange has been anecdotally reported in Chilean wildlife during the last decade. Although this disease can have devastating outcomes for biodiversity, there is no comprehensive assessment of this potential threat in Chile. Because the current capacity to monitor sarcoptic mange and other wildlife diseases is limited in this country, we used abnormal alopecia to search for suspect cases across several sources of information to identify, to the extent available data allow, the location and temporal trends of wild mammals with this characteristic across Chile. We surveyed park rangers, examined rehabilitation center databases, and collated citizen and media reports. The information gathered suggests that observations of alopecic wild mammals, mainly foxes (Lycalopex sp.), their presence in the country, and the number of species fulfilling our case definition have increased over the last 15 years. Moreover, abnormally alopecic mammals are currently located broadly in Chile. We also confirmed the utility of abnormal alopecia to define a suspect sarcoptic mange case in the most commonly affected group, Lycalopex foxes. Our findings are highly concerning from a conservation perspective. We thus emphasize the need for an urgent surveillance and management plan for sarcoptic mange and other diseases that may be threatening Chilean biodiversity.

Published
2020

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