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Objectives: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, outpatient visits were adapted for the virtual setting, forcing laryngologists to presume certain diagnoses without the aid of laryngoscopy, solely based on history and the limited physical exam available via video visit. This study aims to examine the accuracy of presumptive diagnoses made via telemedicine, compared to subsequent in-person follow up, where endoscopic examination could confirm or refute suspected diagnoses., Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 38 patients evaluated for voice-related issues at NYU Langone Health and the University of California-San Francisco. Presumptive diagnoses at the initial telemedicine encounter were noted, along with diagnostic cues used for clinical reasoning and recommended treatment plans. These presumptive diagnoses were compared to diagnoses and plans established following laryngoscopy at follow-up in-person visits., Results: After laryngoscopy at the first in-person visit, 38% of presumptive diagnoses changed, as did 37% of treatment plans. The accuracy varied among conditions. Muscle tension dysphonia and Reinke's edema were accurately diagnosed without laryngoscopy, but other conditions, including vocal fold paralysis and subglottic stenosis, were not initially suspected, relying on laryngoscopy for diagnosis., Conclusions: While some laryngologic conditions may be reasonably identified without in-person examination, laryngoscopy remains central to definitive diagnosis and treatment. Telemedicine can increase access to care, but it may provide more utility as a screening tool, triaging which patients should present more urgently for in-person laryngoscopy., Level of Evidence: 4., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Tracheotomy is a common procedure for otolaryngologists. The risk of complications is difficult to predict. This study aims to identify measurable preoperative indicators associated with adverse events following tracheotomy., Methods: The charts of adults undergoing tracheotomy for respiratory failure at one of four university-affiliated hospitals between 1/2012 and 8/2018 were reviewed. Complications were analyzed in the context of demographics, physiologic parameters, and comorbidities., Results: Among 507 tracheotomies performed, the most common complications included infection, bleeding, and cardiac arrest. Mortality was 39 % in patients with pulmonary hypertension, 42 % in those with ejection fraction ≤ 40 and 32 % in those with abnormal right ventricular function, double the rates in patients without each of these findings., Conclusion: Many critically ill tracheotomy patients experience significant rates of adverse events. Risk factors for mortality include ejection fraction ≤ 40, pulmonary hypertension, and abnormal ventricular function. These should be considered for use in preoperative counseling., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)