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The roads’ renovation and reconstruction not only requires a lot of economics, but also causes serious environmental problems. Preventive maintenance has significant economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, as an effective preventive maintenance material, rejuvenator has received extensive attention from researchers in the past three decades. However, there is few concerns about single component’s impact on the regeneration effect of aged asphalt. In this study, four kinds of mono-component modifiers including ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethylenediamine and acetone was used to prepare mono-component modified rejuvenators. The regeneration effect of mono-component modified rejuvenators was then characterized and compared by fundamental physical properties and viscoelastic properties to study the effective contributions of different chemical functional groups on regenerative process of aged asphalt. The results show that the change of asphalt properties caused by aging and regeneration differ obviously depending on the type of aged binder and mono-component. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the aging degree and conditions of asphalt material, in the case where it is considered to use rejuvenators to maintain the asphalt pavement, thereby selecting the types of rejuvenator material accordingly.

The work attempts to analyze the performance of homogeneous nucleation by using the non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory and the classical nucleation theory. A nucleation rate graph was constructed under a wide range of operating temperature conditions. The results indicate that the superheat limit temperature (SLT) estimated by the modified homogeneous nucleation sub-model is in good agreement with the experimental results. The nucleation rate increases exponentially with the liquid temperature rise when the liquid temperature exceeds the SLT under atmospheric pressure. The superheated temperature needed to trigger the bubble nucleation decreases with the elevated ambient pressure.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of using gelatin as a partial protein source and protease in broilers diets. The experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement, containing two levels of protease (0 and 200 gs per ton of diet) and four levels of gelatin (0, 2.82, 4.23 and 5.64% of the diet replacing 12.5, 18.75 and 25% of the SBM protein, respectively) with 6 replicates and 15 chicks in each pen. Body weight, feed intake and FCR were measured at day 7, 21 and 35. Ileal digesta viscosity, ileal morphology and ileal coliform and lactobacilli population were measured at day 35. In addition, apparent protein digestibility was determined between 28 and 35 days of age. Results show that the highest inclusion rate of gelatin decreased body weight and feed intake (P

The compositions and formation process of f-CaO in steel slag were identified and simulated to understand its expansion rules and hydration activity. BSE showed that the compositions of f-CaO, which included the calcium iron phase and calcium iron manganese phase, were diverse. The hydration activity sequence was Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 in bi-component CaO/Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 systems 2 Fe 2 O 5 systems 2 Fe 2 O 5 was hard to hydrate, and the volume expansion rates of the bi-component CaO/Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 systems varied with different compositions. Inductively, in steel slag, the hydration activity sequence was solid solution CaO-FeO x in bi-component f-CaO x was difficult to hydrate. The reason why CaO-FeO x was hard to hydrate was that its hydration reaction driving force, which is the absolute value of standard molar reaction Gibbs functions, decreased.

The concept of mono-component is widely used in non-stationary signal processing and time-frequency analysis. A special class of mono-components, called ź-mono-components, were proposed in our recent publication. It was illustrated that this model coincides with the intuition of human beings on the physical mono-components very well provided that the parameter ź is sufficiently small. It is then very meaningful to construct desired ź-mono-components and design algorithms to decompose and represent non-stationary signals adaptively. This paper studies the constructions of ź-mono-components and makes mathematical analysis on an adaptive signal decomposition algorithm based on ź-mono-components.

Exogenous protease has formed part of several commercial enzyme admixtures for the past 15–20 years but has become available as a mono-component enzyme only in the last 5–10 years (Cowieson and Adeola, 2005; Fru-Nji et al., 2011). As part of an enzyme admixture (often also containing various carbohydrases and/or phytase) it is difficult to separate the contributions of the component parts and the efficacy of each has implicit rather than explicit value. However, the effectiveness of mono-component enzymes can be readily assessed under different production and nutritional circumstances and their complementarity with alternative enzymes is readily rendered transparent. The motivation for the use of exogenous protease in non-ruminant nutrition is typically the reduction of feed cost at constant animal performance. This objective is usually achieved via displacement of expensive protein/amino acid sources in the diet through the assignment of a nutrient matrix on the enzyme in least cost formulation. Recently attention has moved from this classical approach to protease application to so-called ‘extra-proteinaceous’ effects including environmental benefits, litter management, enteric resilience, uniformity and microbial stability. Whilst these ‘secondary’ effects may not be the principal motivator for the use of proteases in animal production they are increasingly visible and require explanation. Furthermore, these responses, if understood, allow positive translation to production metrics such as reduced FCR and improved weight gain. It is the purpose of this review to briefly summarise the current state of the art in mono-component exogenous protease use in non-ruminants and to suggest mechanisms whereby the ‘extra-proteinaceous’ effects may be explained. Finally, key diet/animal factors that may promote beneficial effects of exogenous protease on live performance will be discussed.

A mono-component is a real-variable and complex-valued analytic signal with nonnegative frequency components. The amplitude of an analytic signal is determined by its phase in a canonical amplitude-phase modulation. This paper investigates the amplitude spaces of analytic signals in terms of the Blaschke products with zeros in [Formula: see text]. It is proved that these amplitude spaces are invariant under the Hilbert transform and form a multiresolution analysis in the Hilbert space of signals with finite energy.

Three experiments were conducted to quantify the efficacy of exogenous protease in poultry diets containing soybeans with varying trypsin inhibitor (TI) concentrations. Test diets contained 4 g/kg of TiO2 as a digestibility marker and protease (CIBENZA® DP100 at 300 U/g diet, Novus International). A randomized complete block design was analyzed using ANOVA with LSD multiple pair-wise comparison used to compare treatment means. For Exp 2 and 3, a common starter diet was fed to broiler chickens until d 16 of life and then switched to test diets. Exp 1 was a 2×6 factorial arrangement of 2 protease levels (0 and 300 U/g) and 6 dietary TI levels (0.72, 1.16, 1.61, 2.06, 2.50, and 2.95 mg/g) with 6 replicates/treatment; 8 chicks/pen. In Exp 2 (12 replicates/treatment; 8 chicks/pen), apparent ileal AA digestibility (AIAAD) was evaluated in diets containing 250 g/kg full fat extruded soybeans (FFES)+SBM (negative control; 5.8 mg/g TI) with or without protease or SBM (positive control; 3.1 mg/g TI). Test diets were fed from d 16–21 of age, AIAAD and relative pancreas weight was measured on d 21. In Exp. 3, broilers were allocated to a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 9 replicates/treatment and 8 chicks/pen. The dietary factors were SBM inclusion (420 or 960 g/kg; SBM TI = 3.85 mg/g), or protease inclusion (0 or 300 U/g). Test diets were fed from d 22–30, ileal digesta was collected on d 30. With increasing TI, pancreas weight increased (P

A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of mono-component proteases on performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD, %) in monogastrics. A total of 67 experimental trials were included in the meta-analysis from published and internal reports, contributing 467 lines of data. Poultry and swine data accounted for 81 and 19% of the dataset, respectively. Forty-four different proteases were included in the meta-analysis, accounting for commercial and non-commercial products. Mixed Model analysis was used to assess protease effect and the influence of inherent characteristics of the control on protease response. The mean performance response to protease was a reduction in feed conversion ratio (FCR) for poultry (1%, P0.05) and swine (4%, P0.05). The mean relative effect of protease on AIAAD over the control was 1.6 ± 0.3%, ranging from 1.2% for Arg, Phe and Trp to 2.6% for Cys. For the majority of amino acids, inherent AIAAD of control diets influenced (P0.05) the magnitude of the protease response such that, as inherent digestibility increased, the effect of protease on amino acid digestibility decreased. The dataset was subsequently divided into 2 subgroups: diets with and without other enzymes, namely non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPase) and phytase. Addition of protease in diets containing no other enzymes significantly (P0.05) increased AIAAD for the majority of amino acids and tended (P0.10) to improve Met, Trp, Pro, Gly, and Tyr. However, when other enzymes were included in the experiment, the beneficial effect of protease on AIAAD was lost (P0.05). These findings suggest that when other enzymes are already included in the diet, addition of protease requires further justification for use in monogastric diets.

1. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of a mono-component thermostable endo-1,4-β-xylanase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus on the nutritive value of wheat-based broiler diets. In a 5-week growth trial, the efficacy of xylanase supplementation at 0, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 4000 FXU/kg diet was evaluated. A short-term balance trial was carried out according to a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, involving 4 wheat cultivars and endo-xylanase at 0 or 200 FXU/kg. 2. In the growth trial, enzyme supplementation from 0 to 400 FXU/kg reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion linearly. Digesta viscosity was significantly reduced by all enzyme inclusion levels by 49·6-56·9%, in a quadratic manner. 3. In the balance trial, xylanase supplementation resulted in a significant improvement of protein, lipid and dry matter apparent digestibility coefficients of diets, accompanied by improved dietary AME(N) values. There was a significant wheat × enzyme interaction on AME(N) and lipid digestibility. There was a significant effect of wheat cultivar on dry matter digestibility.

SUMMARY Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of adding an exogenous protease to corn-, soybean meal-, and meat and bone meal-based broiler diets. In the first experiment, 1,764 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were placed in 63 floor pens, with 28 birds per pen. There were 7 treatments, with 9 replicates each, fed in the starter (d 1 to 21) and grower (d 22 to 40) phases. The dietary treatments were a positive control, formulated with 3,050 and 3,150 kcal of ME/ kg and 22.5 and 20% CP in the starter and grower phases, respectively, and a negative control, formulated with a 4.4% reduction in ME and CP as compared with the positive control diets. A mono-component protease (75,000 protease/g) was added to the negative control diets at 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 ppm of feed. Broilers fed the positive control diet grew better and had a better feed-to-gain ratio (FE) than did those fed the negative control diets, regardless of enzyme supplementation. Protease supplementation had no effect on BW; however, FE was improved in a quadratic manner as protease was increased. In experiment 2, a factorial arrangement of 2 protein (7% difference in CP), 2 energy (3% difference in ME), and 2 protease (0 and 200 ppm) concentrations was used, resulting in 8 treatments replicated 11 times (22 male Cobb 500 broilers per replicate). No 3-way interactions were observed for live performance measures. Broilers fed the high-protein and high-energy diets performed better (P ≤ 0.01) than those fed the low-protein and low-energy diets. Protease supplementation improved FE as well as digestibilities of fat and CP (P ≤ 0.01), regardless of dietary protein or energy concentration. The protease used in these studies improved FE and dietary determined AME values as well as dietary CP and fat digestibility values.

This paper reviews some recent progress on adaptive signal decomposition into mono-components that are defined to be the signals of non-negative analytic phase derivatives.

The effect of surface composition of a development roll (mixture of the acrylic resin and the polyurethane) on the toner charge was investigated. The specific toner charge increased with the content of acrylic resin. The mass of toner layer coated on the development roll also increased with the content of acrylic resin because of the increased adhesion force between the toner and the development roll. The current was passed at the blade, the development roll and the supplying roll during the charging. The direction of current at the blade suggested that the blade worked for the charging to toner particles. On the other hand, the development roll worked for the discharging when the content of acrylic resin was less than 40%, while it worked for charging at the content higher than 40%. The charge distribution of toner particles was wider with increasing the acrylic resin because of the charging effect at the development roll.

Beside its multiple use in oil producing and feed industry, flax seed is used also in pharmaceutical industry as additional medicinal component, whether as mono component or in tea mixtures. Results of a two-year cultivation of several flax genotypes are analyzed. The highest yield of seed in both study years was achieved in genotype "Z" and the lowest in standard cultivar "Mira". In regard to germination energy and total germination, the best value was determined for genotype "B" and the lowest for standard cultivar "Mira". The greatest swelling of flax seeds was established for genotype "B", and the least in the case of genotype "Z". Climatic conditions in the year of cultivation had effects on yield and quality of flax seed. During 2001. the year with high rainfall, higher yields were produced in all tested genotypes, and better germination energy, total germination and mass of 100 seeds established. In seed obtained in 2002, when average temperatures were higher, number of swollen seeds was higher U ovim istraživanjima korišćeno je seme biljne vrste lana (Linum usitatisimun L.) koje se gaji i umnožava u Institutu za proučavanje lekovitog bilja "Dr Josif Pančić", Beograd. Testirana su dva genotipa označena kao "B" i "Z" i sorta "Mira" koja je služila kao kontrola. Najveći prinos semena u obe godine istraživanja ostvario je genotip "Z" a najmanji standardna sorta "Mira". U pogledu energije klijanja i ukupnog klijanja najbolju vrednost je ispoljio genotip "B", a najlošiju standardna sorta "Mira". Najveći broj bubrenja semena lana ostvario je genotip "B", a najmanji genotip "Z". Klimatski uslovi u godini gajenja imali su uticaj na prinos i kvalitet semena lana. U toku 2001 godine, koja je imala znatno više vodenog taloga, ostvareni su veći prinosi kod svih testiranih genotipova, kao i bolja energija klijanja, ukupna klijavost i masa 100 semena. Samo je broj bubrenja bio bolji kod semena dobijenog u 2002. godini u kojoj su prosečne temperature bile više.

Summary. MonoFIX-VF, a monocomponent factor IX concentrate, has replaced the use of Prothrombinex-HT as the treatment of choice for patients with factor IX deficiency in Australia. The haemostatic effect of MonoFIX-VF, administered by continuous infusion, was assessed in four subjects being treated for 10 bleeding episodes including five surgical procedures. MonoFIX-VF was found to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with haemophilia B.

Powder characteristics of toner play an important role in the image quality and the durability of toner in the electrophotographic non-magnetic mono-component development process. The influence of particle additives on the ghost images is investigated by using large and amall size additives. The fluidity of toner without the small size additive is so low that short supply of the toner to the supply roller causes ghost images. The toner without the large size additive has slightly lower durability but excellent fluidity. The slightly lower fluidity of the toner with both large and amall additives reduces the toner mass-to-area ratio on the development roller by the printing history right before, while the toner does not bring about ghost images. It is concluded that the use of two kinds of particle additives, large and small sizes, and the optimization of the amount of additives prevent the ghost images.

Mono-component polymer composites are made of materials with the two components of the different high order structures. The mono-component polyester composites consisted of the craze and non-craze regions, which were processed the unique crazing technique. A Characteristic morphology of this crazed composites indicates that a transparent film from a normal viewpoint and an opaque film from a tilted angle viewpoint (view field selectivity) were observed. Mono-component polyester composites are ecomaterials for the separating-free of components and the suitability of a regenerated PET.

SummaryA meta-analysis of the effect of a mono-component bacterial protease (RONOZYME® ProAct) on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in poultry and swine diets was conducted to examine functional patterns, mean effects and variability of response. A total of 25 independently-conducted experiments were included comprising a total of 804 datapoints. The mean response to protease was +3.74% (SE 1.1%, P 0.05). However, the inherent digestibility of amino acids in the control diet as a single explanatory term explained around 47% of the variance (P

The authors focus on the effects of contaminants on the uniformity of the toner layers resulting from the direct observation of the toner flow and metering phenomena. The authors have improved earlier observation methods to observe directly and analyze the toner transportation and toner behavior in the layer thickness control area. Using the improved method, they have experimented with the various kinds of toner transportations and layer thickness control systems. They concentrated on disruption of toner layers by contaminant infiltration and found that static toner and friction force against the toner on the developing sleeve are most important in preventing a contaminant from entering the metering area. Based on these results, they found a highly stable layer-forming method, called the contact blade method. which minimizes the effects of infiltration by contaminants. >

The sorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by Pithophora markedly decreased as the concentration of the secondary metal ion, Cu(II) or Pb(II), increased in the binary metal solution. However, the test alga showed a greater affinity to sorb Cu(II) than Pb(II) from the binary metal solution. Mono-component Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson and Sips isotherms successfully predicted the sorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from both single and binary metal solutions. None of the tested binary sorption isotherms could realistically predict Cu(II) and Pb(II) sorption capacity and affinity of the test alga for the binary metal solutions of varying composition, which mono-component isotherms could very well accomplish. Hence, mono-component isotherm modeling at different concentrations of the secondary metal ion seems to be a better option than binary isotherms for metal sorption from binary metal solution.

In this paper, we will give a survey on adaptive Fourier decompositions (AFDs) in one- and multi-dimensions. Theoretical formulations of three different types of AFDs in one-dimension, viz., Core AFD, Cyclic AFD in conjunction with best rational approximation and Unwending AFD are provided.

We have developed a synthetic strategy to selectively incorporate the imidazole ring into the 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) skeleton at the different position. The resulting conformationally rigid BINOL-based diimidazolyl ligands bearing both hydrogen-bond-acceptors and -donators can self-assemble into homochiral channel-like mono-component organic frameworks via intermolecular O-H···N hydrogen bonds between the phenolic hydroxyl group and the N2 or N4 atom of the imidazole ring.

Recently, we developed a condensing potential model to predict the ability for materials to form single crystals, and it showed that the ability of mono-component materials (Ni, Al, Cu, Ar, Mg) increases monotonically with the increasing condensing potentials. The present work applied the condensing potential model to binary-component materials. Via molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the influence of 6 wt% Al doping on the crystallization ability of Ni crystal and found that the doping heavily decreased the crystallization ability. Then a condensing potential model for binary-component materials was developed and was shown as a promising tool to predict the crystallization ability of binary-component materials.

Analytic signals of finite energy in signal analysis are identical with non-tangential boundary limits of functions in the related Hardy spaces. With this identification this paper studies a subclass of the analytic signals that, with the amplitude-phase representation s ( t ) = ρ ( t ) e i ϕ ( t ) , ρ ( t ) ⩾ 0 , satisfy the relation ρ ′ ( t ) ⩾ 0 a.e., signals in this subclass are called mono-components, and, in that case, the phase derivative ϕ ′ ( t ) is called the analytic instantaneous frequency of s . This paper proves that when s ( t ) = A ( t ) e i P ( t ) , where A ( t ) is real-valued, band-limited with minimal bandwidth B and P ( t ) is real-valued, as the restriction on the real line of some entire function, then s is an analytic signal if and only if P ( t ) is a linear function, and with P ( t ) = a 0 + a 1 t there holds a 1 ⩽ B . In the case s is a mono-component. This generalizes the corresponding result obtained by Xia and Cohen in 1999 in which P ( t ) is assumed to be a real-valued polynomial.

Lettre a l'editeur: l'insuline, per se, n'est pas antigenique mais c'est la pro-insuline contenue dans les preparations d'insuline non monocomposee qui pre-sensibilise les lymphocytes de ces patients diabetiques