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Land consolidation plays an important role in promoting changes in agricultural land use and ensuring national food security. Moreover, it allows the land structure in rural areas to be built anew. By changing the spatial structure of the countryside, it is also possible to implement water and drainage measures as well as ecological and landscape measures aimed at improving farming conditions. At the same time, they have an impact on the climate. This study analysed the potential for the implementation of pro-climate solutions that can be applied when implementing a land consolidation project in terms of reducing wind speed, increasing humidity, and affecting carbon dioxide reduction. The analyses used an indicator of the potential for implementing pro-climate solutions based on an overall synthetic index taking into account 11 attributes. The results show that the micro-location potential in the context of the possibility of applying pro-climate solutions is not homogenous. It is affected, e.g., by the soil quality, the state of farming culture of the land in agricultural use, the resource and advancement of natural landscape components, and the local needs of agricultural producers to introduce environmental solutions that will simultaneously have a positive impact on farming conditions. According to research, peri-tree land can cluster, meaning that its character represents a spatial continuity. During the land consolidation process, this continuity should be preserved, especially in areas with inferior soil quality.

The aim of this paper is to show that natural watercourses surveying gives the best results using integrated measurement methods (classical surveying and LiDAR). The paper contains comparison of th...

The study aims to present and analyze the rate of changes that occur in the area of Wołosate bog dome as a result of human pressure, which has been especially intense the period between 1967–2016. Additionally, the work presents current stratigraphic cross-section of the peat deposit, and illustrates and interprets the course of the peat accumulation process, that depends on hydrological conditions. The described study had been conducted on the area of “Wołosate” raised bog (nature reserve) in Western Bieszczady Mountains. From the analysis of data obtained from precise satellite surveys, it can be concluded that over 49 years, the average thickness of peat in the characteristic levelling-stratigraphic cross-section decreased by 27.2%. The most significant changes (34.3%) took place up until 1988, as during that period, the stream valley of Wołosatka river had been drained. The results of the discussed study indicate one more circumstance. In later period (1988–2016), following the restoration measures, a 35 cm acrotelm layer of Sphagnum peat (Eusphagneti) with a living layer of peat moss which happened to form itself on the western side of the peatland (along a section of approx. 50 m).

Wielofunkcyjność obszarów wiejskich w różnych dziedzinach gospodarki wymusza konieczność uwzględniania tego faktu w pracach scalania i wymiany gruntów. Zmiana struktury własności i użytkowania gruntów korzystnie wpływa nie tylko na rozwój rolnictwa, lecz także na rozwój funkcji pozarolniczych obszaru objętego scaleniem. Podstawą prawidłowego wykonania scalenia i wymiany gruntów jest przeprowadzenie szacunku gruntów wolnego od błędów i wad. Wobec coraz lepiej rozwijającego się rynku nieruchomości, również w zakresie gruntów rolnych, zasadne jest wykorzystanie cen transakcyjnych do szacunku gruntów na potrzeby ich scalenia i wymiany. Rozwiązanie to ułatwi wzajemne rozliczenia między uczestnikami scalenia, pozwoli na obrót gruntami w procesie scalenia, a także wpłynie na dokładność określania wartości gruntów posiadanych przez uczestników scalenia, szczególnie w aspekcie rozwoju funkcji pozarolniczych. Obowiązujące obecnie przepisy prawne dopuszczają wycenę w oparciu o ceny transakcyjne w sytuacji nieokreślenia zasad szacunku przez uczestników scalenia. Przepisy te nakładają jednak istotne ograniczenie, którym jest wykorzystanie cen uzyskiwanych w sprzedaży państwowych nieruchomości rolnych. Tak oszacowana wartość nie spełnia znamion wartości rynkowej. Podjęte w pracy badania, przeprowadzone na obszarze o charakterze rolniczym, potwierdzają tezę, że poziom cen transakcyjnych nieruchomości rolnych zależy od cech charakterystycznych dla lokalnego rynku nieruchomości. Chcąc uniknąć błędów wadliwego oszacowania nieruchomości z powodu niewłaściwego wskazania liczby i rodzaju cech decydujących o poziomie cen, należy przeprowadzić ich weryfikację.

One of the main tasks of real estate management is making decisions concerning the location of investments. Taking into consideration the fact that any investment affects, directly or indirectly, the economic development of a commune, it has a significant impact on the local real estate market. Investments that have a negative impact on the environment can contribute to a reduction in the activity of the local real estate market. Upon performing tasks related to the economic development of a region and to an increase in the inhabitants’ quality of life, the activity of the local real estate market increases. The paper presents the role of spatial information systems as a source of data used in decision-making processes related to local investment site selection. Currently, there are spatial information systems functioning as a platform for multi-level information systems on real estate and GIS, on local, regional, national and international markets. In this way, the resources of spatial information are available to all institutions, natural and legal persons. As a result, the acquisition of a series of data can take place at any time and at no cost.

The paper proposes a methodology for calculating the weights of factors determining the choice of location of municipal waste incineration plant (MWIP). Objective and accurate determination of the weights offers the optimal choice of location. To achieve the planned purpose, the method of the analytical hierarchical process was applied. The study included seven potential locations for the municipal waste incineration plant, located within the area of the city of Krakow. The objective of the analysis, which is the subject of this publication, is determination of weights of factors decisive for the choice of MWIP location. These weights were calculated using the method of the analytical hierarchical process. The choice of the method is dictated by the fact that in the studied case we deal with multivariate analysis, and its components are described both in quantitative and qualitative ways.

Scalenie gruntów jest podstawowym zabiegiem urządzeniowo-rolnym umożliwiającym kompleksowe zmiany przestrzeni rolniczej. Wykonuje się je na mocy Ustawy z dnia 26 marca 1982 r. o scalaniu i wymianie gruntów (tekst jednolity Dz.U. z 2014 r., poz. 700). Scalenie gruntów wraz z procedurami poscaleniowymi stanowi szansę poprawy warunków życia i pracy mieszkańców wsi. Jednym z celów scalenia jest wykonanie zadań wpływających na regulację stosunków wodnych na obszarze objętym scaleniem. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie możliwości poprawy lokalnych stosunków wodnych poprzez przyjęcie odpowiednich koncepcji w projekcie prac urządzeniowo-rolnych, jakim są założenia do projektu scalenia gruntów. Studium przypadku obejmuje 9 wsi, w których jednoznacznie wykazano wady lokalnych stosunków wodnych oraz możliwości ich poprawy poprzez wykonanie scalenia gruntów wraz z inwestycjami w ramach zagospodarowania poscaleniowego.

The article has analytical and conceptual character. It contains a detailed analysis of the scope of cadastral information on waters based on actual data from the regional databases, which are established in four logistically major cities in Poland: Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw and Szczecin. The authors examine the contents of water cadastre databases in Poland and possibilities of using them in building the 3D cadastre. The concept of using water cadastre as a subsystem of the 3D cadastre presented in the work was carried out using graphical methods of the object-oriented analysis. The authors present a Real Estate Cadastre (REC) model based on synchronisation of the Land Register databases with the water cadastre databases carried out in District Water Management Boards. Modernisation and thematic expansion of Land Register databases, which act in Poland as cadastre, consistent with the presented REC model is a chance to improve the real estate market in Poland.

Land fragmentation is a phenomenon which constitutes one of the biggest obstacles to profitable agricultural production. Measurable estimation of this phenomenon is possible by a number of known indicators, based on the surface area of parcels in the given area, their location in space and belonging to individual farms. This method of calculation of the indicators is inaccurate due to the phenomenon of neighbourhood of plots which belong to the same owners. For the purposes of calculating the ratios of actual fragmentation of land, these parcels should be treated as one complex. The article presents a proposal for the adjustment of existing methods of determination of the fragmentation of land indicators, taking into account these phenomena. The object of the research covered area of the voivodeship of Malopolska located in the southern part of Poland. Developed by the authors, method of calculation of land fragmentation indicators, based on complexes of land belonging to the same owners (complexes of plo...

Modernization of the land and buildings cadastre is a set of actions aimed at improving the quality of data collected there. Application in the process of modernization of the sources of information from the land surveying, gives fully satisfactory results. On the other hand the use of photogrammetric measurements is the solution more economical in terms of financial and time. However, there is a danger of obtaining the results which do not meet the standards of accuracy of the border points position. The paper presents an example of the results of the influence of the process of modernizing the land and buildings cadastre for the areas where the source material are cadastral maps in the scale 1: 2000, created on the basis of photomaps or cadastral maps in the scale 1: 2880. An assessment of the suitability of these materials in the process of modernization and their impact on the current form of the land and building cadastre as a public register was made.

This article presents the results of analysis of the influence of selected economic, legal and environmental factors on the level of transaction prices of unbuilt land properties, in two randomly selected districts of the southern Poland. The results of the research allowed extraction of a group of factors influencing the spatial distribution of the average prices of the surveyed properties. They gave also the answer to the question about the extent to which the unit prices are confirmed by the state of properties management in the region. An analysis of the existing state in the selected region based on the analysis of the local market was performed. Furthermore, the conformity of local plans for the studied areas was examined, as well as an analysis of spatio-temporal distribution of transaction prices of real estate was performed. The research has shown that the level of transaction prices on the local real estate markets is related to the real estate management of the surveyed areas. The state of the economy is affected by many factors, most important of which seems to be the location in relation to urban areas and the condition of the access roads. The undertaken tests correspond with the directions of the world research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.219

The development of the communication systems determines the economic level of the country. In Poland, despite the successive investments in this area, it is still not enough beneficial solutions to the road network and international calls. The problem of the acquisition of property for public roads on both the valuation principles and the way of obtaining land for these purposes is constantly modified. These changes are intended to simplify the procedures, which have a significant impact on shortening of the investment process. The current provisions of law give the possibility of the start of road investment before a property owner receives compensation for land taken for this purpose. This situation requires an inventory of component parts of the property for the purposes of their valuation. The paper presents the methodology of inventory the real estate components for the needs of their valuation using modern measurement techniques GNSS and GIS. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.240

Topological correctness of objects is a problem that needs solving in every project related to the development and updating of spatial databases. This problem can be solved using contemporary GIS software. However, the GIS systems, while working on large volumes of data, tend to be inefficient in editing separated elementary areas (parcels, non-eligible areas) which are presented in the form of objects. An alternative to GIS systems can be the development of a CAD software based technology. The article presents the technology of detection and automatic elimination of topological errors related to a lack of consistency in the official Land Parcel Identification System databases. The developed methodology operates on virtual objects in a CAD software environment. It can be freely used on outdated databases, which contain very large numbers of objects. This technology was used on a test object, made available by a Government Agency. The developed methodology allowed for an automatic correction of errors that...

The construction and development of the road network determines the economic level of the region and the country. The aim of the publication is to show the relationship between extension of the road network and the development of the warehouse and industrial areas located in the city and the Krakow region. The methodology of research works consisted in the use of data contained in local spatial information systems for the analysis of land development. The research was carried out at the Rybitwy area. It is an area located in the south - eastern part of Krakow. This area is considered to be the logistic center of Krakow and has been analyzed in the aspect of the impact of the construction of the eastern bypass of the city, on the development of facilities with a warehouse and industrial function. The eastern bypass of Krakow is located along the S7 expressway connecting southern Poland (Zakopane) with its northern end (Gdansk). The conducted research proved that over the period of the investment (2010-2018), more than 19,000 m2 of warehouse and production space were built in the area of Rybitwy. The increase in interest in the analyzed area is also confirmed by a significant increase in the degree of lease in this area. Before the construction of the bypass, the vacancy rate was equal 30% of the area intended for rent, while on the date of analysis (2018) already only 10%. This shows the development of the studied area and its attractiveness for entrepreneurs. In addition, the development of the road infrastructure in the form of the eastern bypass of the city of Krakow (along the S7 route) has contributed to the creation of a special economic zone in the area of the Wieliczka commune. This commune is adjacent to Krakow. The Wieliczka Economic Activity Zone, due to its location in the vicinity of the Krakow agglomeration and direct access to the S7 expressway, encourages entrepreneurs to locate their businesses in this area. At the date of the analysis over 30, 000 m2 of warehouse and production space were built there. Therefore, the development of the road infrastructure is an important factor determining the location of industrial or warehouse facilities, which contributes to the economic development of the region, as well as to the increase of the competitiveness of the Polish economy.

Topological correctness of objects is an issue demanding solution in all undertakings related to the creation spatial databases. This article presents the technology for detection and elimination of topological errors in official databases (real estate cadastres, Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS)). The method for working on virtual objects in computer aided design (CAD) environment has been developed. This method can be successfully used for spatial databases, where large numbers of objects are elaborated. The suggested algorithm for verifying the topological correctness of surface objects was implemented in the years 2010–11, with the update of LPIS system databases, carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture in Poland. This technology received positive assessment in the course of the works undertaken.

This paper presents a transition method from a 2D cadastre to a 3D+time system, using the available software, based on the official spatial data registers. For over two decades in Poland the official registers of terrain related objects have been undergoing modernisation. This modernisation focuses on the safety and protection of the rights to properties, increasing the efficiency of databases and the quality of data, as well as increasing the efficiency of planning and land management. The advanced technologies, such as CAD, GIS or DBMS, make it possible to build a digital terrain model (DTM) followed by a visualisation of surface objects, such as parcel boundaries or building outlines, in 3D. Modern relational databases and CAD tools also allow reconstruction of real estate state from any moment in history, registered in the database.

The first part of this dossier offers some keys to understand the future of professional information.We live in fascinating times, with changes that present not simply the passage from one millenium to another but an unprecedented revolution. As with all profound modifications we cannot yet grasp all the ramifications.