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15 results on '"Monfils, M.-H."'

4. Neuropsychological Mechanisms of Intrusive Thinking

Author

Visser, R.M., Anderson, M.C., Aron, A., Banich, M.T., Brady, K.T., Huys, Q.J.M., Monfils, M.-H., Schiller, D., Schlagenhauf, F., Schooler, J., Robbins, T.W., Kalivas, P.W., Paulus, M.P., and Klinische Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG)

Abstract

A classic definition of intrusive thinking is “any distinct, identifiable cognitive event that is unwanted, unintended, and recurrent. It interrupts the flow of thought, interferes in task performance, is associated with negative affect, and is difficult to control” (Clark 2005:4). While easy to understand and applicable to many cases, this definition does not seem to encompass the entire spectrum of intrusions. For example, intrusive thoughts may not always be experienced as unpleasant or unwanted, and may in some situations even be adaptive. This chapter revisits the definition of intrusive thinking, by systematically considering all the circumstances in which intrusions might occur, their manifestations across health and disorders, and develops an alternative, more inclusive definition of intrusions as being “interruptive, salient, experienced mental events.” It proposes that clinical intrusive thinking differs from its nonclinical form with regard to frequency, intensity, and maladaptive reappraisal. Further, it discusses the neurocognitive processes underlying intrusive thinking and its control, including memory processes involved in action control, working memory and long-term memory encoding, retrieval, and suppression. As part of this, current methodologies used to study intrusive thinking are evaluated and areas are highlighted where more research and/or technical innovation is needed. It concludes with a discussion of the theoretical, therapeutic, and sociocultural implications of intrusive thinking and its control

Published
2020

14. The roots of empathy: Through the lens of rodent models.

Author

Meyza KZ, Bartal IB, Monfils MH, Panksepp JB, and Knapska E

Subjects
Animals, Brain, Emotions, Empathy
Abstract

Empathy is a phenomenon often considered dependent on higher-order emotional control and an ability to relate to the emotional state of others. It is, by many, attributed only to species having well-developed cortical circuits capable of performing such complex tasks. However, over the years, a wealth of data has been accumulated showing that rodents are capable not only of sharing emotional states of their conspecifics, but also of prosocial behavior driven by such shared experiences. The study of rodent empathic behaviors is only now becoming an independent research field. Relevant animal models allow precise manipulation of neural networks, thereby offering insight into the foundations of empathy in the mammalian brains. Here we review the data on empathic behaviors in rat and mouse models, their neurobiological and neurophysiological correlates, and the factors influencing these behaviors. We discuss how simple rodent models of empathy enhance our understanding of how brain controls empathic behaviors., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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15. The aging hippocampus: a multi-level analysis in the rat.

Author

Driscoll I, Howard SR, Stone JC, Monfils MH, Tomanek B, Brooks WM, and Sutherland RJ

Subjects
Animals, Behavior, Animal physiology, Bromodeoxyuridine pharmacokinetics, Discrimination, Psychological physiology, Doublecortin Domain Proteins, Doublecortin Protein, Female, Hippocampus drug effects, Immunohistochemistry methods, Ki-67 Antigen metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Maze Learning physiology, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Multivariate Analysis, Neuropeptides metabolism, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase metabolism, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Spatial Behavior physiology, Aging physiology, Hippocampus cytology, Hippocampus physiology
Abstract

In the current experiment we conducted a multi-level analysis of age-related characteristics in the hippocampus of young adult (3 months), middle-aged (12 months), and old (24 months) Fisher 344xBrown Norway hybrid (FBNF1) rats. We examined the relationships between aging, hippocampus, and memory using a combination of behavioral, non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and postmortem neuroanatomical measures in the same rats. Aging was associated with functional deficits on hippocampus-dependent memory tasks, accompanied by structural alterations observed both in vivo (magnetic resonance imaging-hippocampal volume) and postmortem (dentate gyrus neuronal density and neurogenesis). Neuronal metabolic integrity, assessed by levels of N-acetylaspartate with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was however, preserved. Further, our results suggest that neurogenesis (doublecortin) seems to be related to both performance deficits on hippocampus-dependent tasks and hippocampal volume reduction. The observed pattern of age-related alterations closely resembles that previously reported in humans and suggests FBNF1 rats to be a useful model of normal human aging.

Published
2006
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