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This article explores the mobile and material dimensions of a writing practice we call pocket writing. Emergent in our 6-year ethnographic fieldwork at a public high school, this practice involved adolescents composing and carrying their self-sponsored writing close to their bodies. We consider the pocket both a physical artifact--the place from which writing emerged at the right moment--and a metaphor describing how youth created small, portable boundaries around their writing to facilitate its invisibility and mobility. Using a transliteracies lens, we worked alongside youth to trace the circulatory pathways such writing took relative to the official institution of school. These high school students made agentive rhetorical choices, sometimes deliberately disconnecting their writing from school as an everyday resistance practice--an effort to keep school in its place. In theorizing pocket writing as a mobile and embodied extension of writing (for) the self, we argue its "pocketed" nature is key to its transformative power.

T. Philip Nichols and Alexander Monea explore the spread of data-driven surveillance (i.e., dataveillance) technologies in schools, which are increasingly used as a strategy for mitigating safety risks. They argue that the sense of security schools derive from these technologies often comes at the cost of students' actual well-being and privacy. Drawing on research with teachers and administrators, they highlight several ethical challenges dataveillance technologies raise as they are incorporated into classrooms. They conclude with suggestions for how educators might de-escalate their dependence on dataveillance without compromising students' safety.

Throughout this article we argue that collectivity and soul inform the work of the expert teachers who we refer to as Jazz Pedagogues. Jazz's complicated history, like teaching, calls for a consideration of the painful, the messy, the beautiful, and the healing. We, a team of university researchers and classroom teachers, examine the ways jazz can serve as one way to understand how Black-centric, anti-racist English teachers draw on their pedagogical prowess to skillfully engage with students with love, care, and a clear focus on justice. Informed by Black Feminist and Black Studies theories, we analyze a jam session/kitchen table talk between Jazz Pedagogues and theorize towards a framework for Jazz Pedagogy.

The COVID-19 pandemic has once again revealed the urgent need to address ongoing injustices at every level of U.S. society. In this article, we combine visual art, research, and storytelling to discuss the need for such systemic change within schools, specifically focusing on the effects of discrimination against students who speak languages other than English. The authors draw on their own lived experiences, research, and artistic expression to make an argument for turning to creative, arts-based practices and diverse linguistic and cultural representation within classrooms and curriculum. The authors' reflections and artistic contributions demonstrate the importance of using the arts to validate, embrace, and learn from the fullness of students' creative, critical, and linguistic repertoire in the fight for justice within and beyond schools.

In this collaboratively written piece, a team of researchers and high school students reflect on their participatory ethnography work in a literacy-focused space within a Philadelphia public high school. The authors collectively explore the critical components of their still-unfolding research: participatory space-building, which entails creating safety in learning and writing-focused spaces and productively managing tensions that emerge, and participatory knowledge building, which involves expanding forms of knowing and expression while centering relationships. They discuss participatory ethnography as the practice of working together toward shared goals in reciprocal, mutual fashion.

Juries are the most diverse institution of government. Due to the random selection of members, ease of access, and procedural rights to challenge the exclusion of protected classes, juries reflect the diversity of America far better than legislatures, courts, the bar, and virtually every other civic institution. This Article aims to do two things. First, document how juries have become more diverse along the lines of income, gender, and race; and how each of these groups had to surmount the powers that be to take their place in American jury boxes. Second, demonstrate how juries allowed marginalized groups in each of these categories to exercise political power sooner and more solidly than other institutions of government. As a result, current declines in the use of jury trials mean less-representative decision-makers will have a larger role in our jurisprudence.

Purpose: Adaptivity has long been recognized as a key aspect of teaching and shown to be particularly important for English Language Arts (ELA) teachers leading discussions about texts. Teachers' abilities to make such adjustments are especially important when facilitating discussions in digital contexts, as was made clear with the shift to virtual teaching caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the structure and process of teacher inquiry supported ELA teachers in enacting and cultivating adaptive repertoires for facilitating discussion in online contexts during the disruptions of the 2020-2021 school year. Design/methodology/approach: As an inquiry team comprising teacher-researchers from secondary and university-based contexts, the authors used practitioner inquiry methods in the context of a multi-year, multi-sited study involving, design-based and teacher-research methodologies. Findings: This paper shows how teachers' engagement in digital teacher inquiry groups supported their willingness to be playful and adapt their practices in response to one another, creating conditions for powerful teacher learning through relational inquiry online. This paper identified three specific relational practices that were critical for cultivating adaptive repertories in teachers' learning with and from each other: cultivating empathy; attuning to silences and actively listening; and decentering authority across multiple platforms and modalities. The authors discuss how teachers carried these practices to and from their digital discussions with their students and with each other, demonstrating how this recursive cycle of inquiry and practice deepened their learning, relationships and adaptive repertoires. Originality/value: The authors discuss the implications of these practices for equity-oriented and dialogic teacher learning that can transform classroom practice, illustrating the power of online teacher inquiry groups for developing ELA teachers' adaptive expertise -- something urgently important for teaching in digitally mediated contexts and through unsettled times.

CD73, a cell-surface N-linked glycoprotein that produces extracellular adenosine, is a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. Although anti-CD73 antibodies have entered clinical development, CD73 has both protumor and antitumor functions, depending on the target cell and tumor type. The aim of this study was to characterize CD73 regulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined CD73 expression, localization, and activity using molecular, biochemical, and cellular analyses on primary HCC surgical specimens, coupled with mechanistic studies in HCC cells. We analyzed CD73 glycan signatures and global alterations in transcripts encoding other N-linked glycoproteins by using mass spectrometry glycomics and RNA sequencing (RNAseq), respectively. CD73 was expressed on tumor hepatocytes where it exhibited abnormal N-linked glycosylation, independent of HCC etiology, tumor stage, or fibrosis presence. Aberrant glycosylation of tumor-associated CD73 resulted in a 3-fold decrease in 5'-nucleotidase activity (P

Problem Statement: tests were applied on athletes aged between 11 ± 5 and 15 ± 3. The group of athletes is part of the Romanian Olympic Judo team and ski groups of sports clubs in Gheorgheni (HR), Baia-Sprie (MM), Toplita (HR), Sibiu (SB) and Petrosani (HD). Purpose of Study: through this study, we analyse the correlations between the three psychological processes: emotional distress, attention and anxiety. Methods: the methods we have applied contain the following tests: AM--concentration and attention, AD--distributive attention, AP--perceptive attention, EMAS--emotional distress, PDE--anxiety. These were the initial tests we have used as starting points in our research. The purpose was to increase the sports performance through the application of mental training techniques. Findings and Results: to compare the scores / ranks on cognitive tests applied to the two groups of athletes, we have used nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (U) for unpaired samples. Materiality was a = 0.05 (5%), a = 0.01 (1%) or a = 0.001. To detect the correlation between two quantitative variables, we continued by using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of (?). The analysis of correlation between coefficients was performed using Colton's rule. Polynomial regression was the method used to derive the mathematical equation of dependence of a continuous variable by another variable. Conclusions and Recommendations: the comparative analysis of the cognitive test scores applied on studied groups with statistical significance revealed positive correlations; except for the group ski EMAS, where the test values were negative.

Isabel Sawhill, Adam Thomas, and Emily Monea believe that given the well-documented costs of nonmarital births to the children and parents in fragile families, as well as to society as a whole, policy makers' primary goal should be to reduce births to unmarried parents. The authors say that the nation's swiftly rising nonmarital birth rate has many explanations--a cultural shift toward acceptance of unwed childbearing; a lack of positive alternatives to motherhood among the less advantaged; a sense of fatalism or ambivalence about pregnancy; a lack of marriageable men; limited access to effective contraception; a lack of knowledge about contraception; and the difficulty of using contraception consistently and correctly. Noting that these explanations fall generally into three categories--motivation, knowledge, and access--the authors discuss policies designed to motivate individuals to avoid unintended pregnancies, to improve their knowledge about contraception, and to remove barriers to contraceptive access. Some motivational programs, such as media campaigns, have been effective in changing behavior. Some, but not all, sex education programs designed to reduce teen pregnancy have also been effective at reducing sexual activity or increasing contraceptive use, or both. Programs providing access to subsidized contraception have also been effective and would be even more so if they could increase the use not just of contraceptives, but of long-acting, reversible contraceptive methods such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants. Finally, the authors present simulations of the costs and effects of three policy initiatives--a mass media campaign that encourages men to use condoms, a teen pregnancy prevention program that discourages sexual activity and educates participants about proper contraceptive use, and an expansion in access to Medicaid-subsidized contraception. All three have benefit-cost ratios that are comfortably greater than one, making them excellent social investments that can actually save taxpayer dollars. (Contains 1 figure, 3 tables and 66 endnotes.)

The military treats criminal defendants better than any other jurisdiction in the country. Some of these protections are straightforward improvements over civilian systems, some are inadvertent benefits for the defense. This article catalogs the benefits. They come in three main classes spread throughout the process. First, there are more substantive and logistical roadblocks for the prosecution to surmount to achieve and sustain a conviction, whether misdemeanor or felony, trial or appeal. Second, defendants are treated better on a personal level, which means more dignity in the courtroom and having their worldly needs taken care of during the entire process. And third, defense attorneys are treated better. Military defenders are paid more, have fewer cases, and have fewer obligations than their typical civilian counterparts. This article concludes by arguing the military system should incorporate aspects of the civilian justice system, but also celebrate its superior elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unfortunately, obesity is becoming more common among children, and some children are affected very early in life. Therefore, there is an urgent need for actions at global, regional, and local levels, to improve diet and increase physical activity in general population. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-month volleyball-training program on body composition and fitness parameters in overweight and obese children. Materials and methods. A total of 28 overweight and obese girls (8 - 11 years old) were divided into two groups, the intervention and control group. The intervention group (14 girls, 9.4 ± 1 years old) was available to attend 3 volleyball training sessions per week. The control group (14 girls, 9.1 ± 0.9 years old) was not available to attend 3 training sessions per week. For both study groups, we applied initial and final testing, which consisted of anthropometric measurements and assessment of body composition and fitness, physical activity, and eating habits. Results. At the end of the study, we observed an improvement in body composition in the intervention group, with a significant decrease in fat percent (5.3%, p < 0.001) and a significant increase in skeletal muscle percent (3.07%, p < 0.001). In contrast, in the control group, body mean fat percent increased (2.43%, p = 0.005), leading to a significant increase in body mass index (p = 0.005). In addition, significant differences were observed in the physical performance parameters in the intervention group for all physical tests applied (p < 0.001). In the control group, the results obtained for the initial and final testing were very similar; the only difference was observed in the plate tapping test; i.e., we recorded an improvement of 2.45 s (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Our study shows that by participating in 3 volleyball workouts per week, for 6 months, significant results can be obtained in preventing weight gain and improving body composition and fitness in overweight and obese children without substantial dietary interventions. While at the beginning of the study, the intervention group was classified as obese, according to BMI percentiles, at the end of the study, the subjects in this group were ranked below the middle percentile of the overweight category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is no secret that the law treats poor people worse than rich ones. This is true in criminal law and everywhere else. But some laws do not simply result in disparate impact upon the poor--the way they are written explicitly targets or disadvantages the poor. This Article examines the spectrum of expressly biased laws in four major categories. First, laws that criminalize poverty: bans on poor housing or no housing, traffic laws that require nothing more than paying for things, and cash bail that imprisons people without access to credit. Second, courts impose an enormous number of unwaivable fees at every step of the criminal justice system, and failure to pay results in incarceration--a modern day debtor prison. Third, many criminal procedure rules place the needy on unequal footing. Only indigent defendants are required to suffer reduced expectations of privacy, disclose certain information, face judicial scrutiny, endure low caps on what their attorneys can be paid, or go into hearing without an attorney. And fourth, after conviction, these defendants face unique hurdles to recover for wrongful imprisonment or expensive expungement processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice—the penal code for the armed force—makes it a crime for an officer to do anything that is “unbecoming an officer and a gentleman.” This Article argues that Congress should modernize the statute to acknowledge the contributions of servicewomen to the officers’ corps and the unequal treatment they had to endure in order to serve their country by making the offense gender neutral. Given that Congress is poised to overhaul the military justice system, there is no reason why this relic should not be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including translingualism's decentering and decentralizing potentials; and examines the ways in which academic writing invites first-year college students to compartmentalize their identities as evangelicals.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including irreducibility, refugee communities and incommensurability of racialized experiences.

The paper reviews the methodological framework for assessing occupational risks and employs the analytical approach in order to estimate workplace accidents and health risks. Occupational risks are determined in a classic manner through taking into account the probability of occurrence of an unwanted event in the industrial environment, multiplied by the maximum predictable consequence of the event. The method applied within our case study aims at quantifying workplace risks within a Romanian company specialized in producing paints, varnishes, removers and accessories, at identifying the risk factors affecting the production system and at computing the actual level of risks on the basis of the severity and frequency of maximum expected loss. The results of the determinations make possible the drawing out of a mix of preventive organizational measures in order to mitigate the accident risks or to narrow down work circumstances that are likely to generate casualties and/or work-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]