42 results on '"Mondo, E"'
Search Results
2. Management of two healthcare-associated infections outbreaks of Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae in a Veterinary University Hospital, and implementation of a surveillance system
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Scarpellini R, Troia R, Giunti M, Mondo E, Giacometti F, Savini F, Tumietto F, Dondi F, Magagnoli I, Pisoni L, Cola V, Balboni A, Battilani M, Piva S, and Scarpellini R, Troia R, Giunti M, Mondo E, Giacometti F, Savini F, Tumietto F, Dondi F, Magagnoli I, Pisoni L, Cola V, Balboni A, Battilani M, Piva S
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Healthcare-associated infections, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Veterinary University Hospital, surveillance system - Published
- 2021
3. Effectiveness of alkaline electrolyzed water in reducing bacterial load on surfaces intended to come into contact with food
- Author
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Tomasello F., Pollesel M., Mondo E., Savini F., Scarpellini R., Giacometti F., Lorito L., Tassinari M., Cuomo S., Piva S., Serraino A., TASSINARI, MARCO, Tomasello F., Pollesel M., Mondo E., Savini F., Scarpellini R., Giacometti F., Lorito L., Tassinari M., Cuomo S., Piva S., and Serraino A.
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Alkaline electrolyzed water ,Salmonella ,biology ,Chemistry ,Disinfectant ,Foodborne pathogen ,TP368-456 ,Contamination ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Food processing and manufacture ,Article ,Surfaces ,Foodborne pathogens ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Food ,Listeria ,medicine ,Statistical analysis ,Food science ,Bacterial inactivation ,After treatment ,Food Science - Abstract
Alkaline electrolyzed water (REW) is known for its cleaning action. The aim of this work was to assess REW effectiveness in reducing microbial load on surfaces intended for contact with food. Stainlesssteel surfaces were experimentally contaminated, bacterial inactivation was tested before and after treatment with REW. Treatment with REW was operated spraying it on the contaminated plates until drying. Tests were conducted for Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The treatment revealed different degrees of sanitizing activity of REW on different bacterial species, with higher efficacy on E. coli and Salmonella spp. than S. aureus, Listeria spp.. Statistical analysis revealed a significant microbial load reduction (p
- Published
- 2021
4. Natural Horse Boarding Vs Traditional Stable: A Comparison of Hormonal, Hematological and Immunological Parameters
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Placci, M., primary, Marliani, G., additional, Sabioni, S., additional, Gabai, G., additional, Mondo, E., additional, Borghetti, P., additional, De Angelis, E., additional, and Accorsi, Pier Attilio, additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. C5 Convertase Blockade in Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial
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Ruggenenti, Piero, primary, Daina, Erica, additional, Gennarini, Alessia, additional, Carrara, Camillo, additional, Gamba, Sara, additional, Noris, Marina, additional, Rubis, Nadia, additional, Peraro, Francesco, additional, Gaspari, Flavio, additional, Pasini, Andrea, additional, Rigotti, Angelo, additional, Lerchner, Renelda M., additional, Santoro, Domenico, additional, Pisani, Antonio, additional, Pasi, Alessandra, additional, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, additional, Remuzzi, G., additional, Ruggenenti, P., additional, Mondo, E., additional, Rota, S., additional, Carrara, C., additional, Portalupi, V., additional, Pasini, A., additional, Monitini, G., additional, Monti, E., additional, Rigotti, A., additional, De Giovanni, F., additional, Giacon, B., additional, Lerchner, R.M., additional, Passler, W., additional, Santoro, D., additional, Visconti, L., additional, Pisani, A., additional, Riccio, E., additional, Pasi, A., additional, Dugo, M., additional, Tuono, C., additional, Emma, F., additional, Vivarelli, M., additional, Murer, L., additional, Benetti, E., additional, Coppo, R., additional, Amore, A., additional, Gambaro, G., additional, Passalacqua, S., additional, Ruggiero, B., additional, Daina, E., additional, Bresin, E., additional, Gamba, S., additional, Prandini, S., additional, Lecchi, V., additional, Cugini, D., additional, Gherardi, G., additional, Rubis, N., additional, Diadei, O., additional, Villa, A., additional, Villa, D., additional, Boccardo, P., additional, Peracchi, S., additional, Martinetti, D., additional, Perna, A., additional, Peraro, F., additional, Giuliano, G.A., additional, Gaspari, F., additional, Carrara, F., additional, Ferrari, S., additional, Stucchi, N., additional, Cannata, A., additional, Noris, M., additional, Bettoni, S., additional, Alberti, M., additional, Cuccarolo, P., additional, Rizzo, P., additional, Marchetti, G.F., additional, and Sonzogni, A., additional
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- 2019
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6. Gut microbiome structure and adrenocortical activity in dogs with aggressive and phobic behavioral disorders
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Mondo, E, primary, Barone, M, additional, Soverini, M, additional, D’Amico, F, additional, Cocchi, M, additional, Petrulli, C, additional, Mattioli, M, additional, Marliani, G, additional, Candela, M, additional, and Accorsi, PE, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Effects of Manidipine and Delapril in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Ruggenenti, P, Lauria, G, Iliev, IP, Fassi, A, Ilieva, AP, Rota, S, Chiurchiu, C, Barlovic, DP, Sghirlanzoni, A, Lombardi, R, Penza, P, CAVALETTI, GUIDO ANGELO, Piatti, ML, Frigeni, B, Filipponi, M, Rubis, N, Noris, G, Motterlini, N, Ene Iordache, B, Gaspari, F, Perna, A, Zaletel, J, Bossi, A, Dodesini, AR, TREVISAN, ROBERTO, Remuzzi, G, DEMAND Study Investigators, Parvanova, IA, Petrov, II, Yakymchuk, S, Arnoldi, F, Prandini, S, Kocijancic, A, Pongrac, D, Prezelj, J, Gala, T, Kersnik, M, Trevisan, G, Lepore, G, Mondo, E, Inversi, F, Mangili, R, Bruno, S, Brusegan, V, Lecchi, V, Belviso, A, Genovese, S, Pareyson, D, Camozzi, F, Cavaletti, G, Marzorati, L, MARMIROLI, PAOLA LORENA, Mattavelli, L, Tadini, S, Gherardi, G, Calini, W, Diadei, O, Rossoni, D, Villa, D, Carminati, S, Agus, E, Remuzzi, A, Giuliano, GA, Ganeva, M, Cannata, AN, Carrara, F, Cella, C, Centemeri, E, Ferrari, S, Petrò, C, Savoldelli, E, Stucchi, N, Boccardo, P, Perico, N, Peracchi, S, Gelmi, S, Mecca, G, Imbimbo, B, Alberici, M, Gardini, F, Lauria, G., Ruggenenti, P, Lauria, G, Iliev, I, Fassi, A, Ilieva, A, Rota, S, Chiurchiu, C, Barlovic, D, Sghirlanzoni, A, Lombardi, R, Penza, P, Cavaletti, G, Piatti, M, Frigeni, B, Filipponi, M, Rubis, N, Noris, G, Motterlini, N, Ene Iordache, B, Gaspari, F, Perna, A, Zaletel, J, Bossi, A, Dodesini, A, Trevisan, R, Remuzzi, G, DEMAND Study, I, Parvanova, I, Petrov, I, Yakymchuk, S, Arnoldi, F, Prandini, S, Kocijancic, A, Pongrac, D, Prezelj, J, Gala, T, Kersnik, M, Trevisan, G, Lepore, G, Mondo, E, Inversi, F, Mangili, R, Bruno, S, Brusegan, V, Lecchi, V, Belviso, A, Genovese, S, Pareyson, D, Camozzi, F, Marzorati, L, Marmiroli, P, Mattavelli, L, Tadini, S, Gherardi, G, Calini, W, Diadei, O, Rossoni, D, Villa, D, Carminati, S, Agus, E, Remuzzi, A, Giuliano, G, Ganeva, M, Cannata, A, Carrara, F, Cella, C, Centemeri, E, Ferrari, S, Petrò, C, Savoldelli, E, Stucchi, N, Boccardo, P, Perico, N, Peracchi, S, Gelmi, S, Mecca, G, Imbimbo, B, Alberici, M, and Gardini, F
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Dihydropyridines ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diabetic neuropathy ,Urology ,Renal function ,Delapril ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Kidney Function Tests ,Placebo ,Risk Assessment ,Severity of Illness Index ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Piperazines ,Body Mass Index ,Manidipine ,Double-Blind Method ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Nitrobenzenes ,Aged ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,diabetes ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,Calcium Channel Blockers ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Survival Rate ,Treatment Outcome ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Hypertension ,Indans ,Albuminuria ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
To assess whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers ameliorate diabetic complications, we compared glomerular filtration rate (GFR; primary outcome), cardiovascular events, retinopathy, and neuropathy in 380 hypertensive type 2 diabetics with albuminuria 2 (IQR: 0.16–0.50 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ) on combined therapy, 0.36 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 (IQR: 0.18–0.53 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ) on delapril, and 0.30 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 (IQR: 0.12–0.50 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ) on placebo ( P =0.87 and P =0.53 versus combined therapy or delapril, respectively). Similar findings were observed when baseline GFR values were not considered for slope analyses. Albuminuria was stable in the 3 treatment groups. The hazard ratio (95% CI) for major cardiovascular events between combined therapy and placebo was 0.17 (0.04–0.78; P =0.023). Among 192 subjects without retinopathy at inclusion, the hazard ratio for developing retinopathy between combined therapy and placebo was 0.27 (0.07–0.99; P =0.048). Among 200 subjects with centralized neurological evaluation, the odds ratios for peripheral neuropathy at 3 years between combined therapy or delapril and placebo were 0.45 (0.24–0.87; P =0.017) and 0.52 (0.27–0.99; P =0.048), respectively. Glucose disposal rate decreased from 5.8±2.4 to 5.3±1.9 mg/kg per min on placebo ( P =0.03) but did not change on combined or delapril therapy. Treatment was well tolerated. In hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients, combined manidipine and delapril therapy failed to slow GFR decline but safely ameliorated cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy and stabilized insulin sensitivity.
- Published
- 2011
8. Natural Horse Boarding Vs Traditional Stable: A Comparison of Hormonal, Hematological and Immunological Parameters.
- Author
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Placci, M., Marliani, G., Sabioni, S., Gabai, G., Mondo, E., Borghetti, P., De Angelis, E., and Accorsi, Pier Attilio
- Subjects
ANIMAL welfare ,HORSE breeding ,LYMPHOCYTE subsets ,FLOW cytometry ,HORSES - Abstract
In the equestrian world, two different types of management can be distinguished: traditional management and natural boarding. The aim of this research was to compare hormonal, hematological and immunological parameters of 47 horses kept in these two different managements. Blood and horsehair of the horses were sampled to determine DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) and cortisol concentration through RIA. Moreover, blood count was conducted, and flow cytometry was employed to phenotype lymphocyte subpopulations. Results showed that, in horsehair, DHEA concentration was significantly higher in natural horses, whereas cortisol concentration and cortisol/DEHA ratio significantly lower. These hormonal parameters are used to assess the stress condition and the welfare of animals. The most favorable endocrine framework found in horses kept in natural boarding suggests that this management conveys most with ethological and physiological needs of the species. The research underlines the need of a modification of horses' husbandry systems. For the first time, this study validates the assay of DHEA in horsehair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Did you know that your animals have consciousness?
- Author
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Accorsi, P.A., primary, Mondo, E., additional, and Cocchi, M., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effects of Manidipine and Delapril in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Delapril and Manidipine for Nephroprotection in Diabetes (DEMAND) Randomized Clinical Trial
- Author
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Ruggenenti, P, Lauria, G, Iliev, I, Fassi, A, Ilieva, A, Rota, S, Chiurchiu, C, Barlovic, D, Sghirlanzoni, A, Lombardi, R, Penza, P, Cavaletti, G, Piatti, M, Frigeni, B, Filipponi, M, Rubis, N, Noris, G, Motterlini, N, Ene Iordache, B, Gaspari, F, Perna, A, Zaletel, J, Bossi, A, Dodesini, A, Trevisan, R, Remuzzi, G, DEMAND Study, I, Parvanova, I, Petrov, I, Yakymchuk, S, Arnoldi, F, Prandini, S, Kocijancic, A, Pongrac, D, Prezelj, J, Gala, T, Kersnik, M, Trevisan, G, Lepore, G, Mondo, E, Inversi, F, Mangili, R, Bruno, S, Brusegan, V, Lecchi, V, Belviso, A, Genovese, S, Pareyson, D, Camozzi, F, Marzorati, L, Marmiroli, P, Mattavelli, L, Tadini, S, Gherardi, G, Calini, W, Diadei, O, Rossoni, D, Villa, D, Carminati, S, Agus, E, Remuzzi, A, Giuliano, G, Ganeva, M, Cannata, A, Carrara, F, Cella, C, Centemeri, E, Ferrari, S, Petrò, C, Savoldelli, E, Stucchi, N, Boccardo, P, Perico, N, Peracchi, S, Gelmi, S, Mecca, G, Imbimbo, B, Alberici, M, Gardini, F, Iliev, IP, Ilieva, AP, Barlovic, DP, CAVALETTI, GUIDO ANGELO, Piatti, ML, Dodesini, AR, TREVISAN, ROBERTO, DEMAND Study Investigators, Parvanova, IA, Petrov, II, MARMIROLI, PAOLA LORENA, Giuliano, GA, Cannata, AN, Lauria, G., Ruggenenti, P, Lauria, G, Iliev, I, Fassi, A, Ilieva, A, Rota, S, Chiurchiu, C, Barlovic, D, Sghirlanzoni, A, Lombardi, R, Penza, P, Cavaletti, G, Piatti, M, Frigeni, B, Filipponi, M, Rubis, N, Noris, G, Motterlini, N, Ene Iordache, B, Gaspari, F, Perna, A, Zaletel, J, Bossi, A, Dodesini, A, Trevisan, R, Remuzzi, G, DEMAND Study, I, Parvanova, I, Petrov, I, Yakymchuk, S, Arnoldi, F, Prandini, S, Kocijancic, A, Pongrac, D, Prezelj, J, Gala, T, Kersnik, M, Trevisan, G, Lepore, G, Mondo, E, Inversi, F, Mangili, R, Bruno, S, Brusegan, V, Lecchi, V, Belviso, A, Genovese, S, Pareyson, D, Camozzi, F, Marzorati, L, Marmiroli, P, Mattavelli, L, Tadini, S, Gherardi, G, Calini, W, Diadei, O, Rossoni, D, Villa, D, Carminati, S, Agus, E, Remuzzi, A, Giuliano, G, Ganeva, M, Cannata, A, Carrara, F, Cella, C, Centemeri, E, Ferrari, S, Petrò, C, Savoldelli, E, Stucchi, N, Boccardo, P, Perico, N, Peracchi, S, Gelmi, S, Mecca, G, Imbimbo, B, Alberici, M, Gardini, F, Iliev, IP, Ilieva, AP, Barlovic, DP, CAVALETTI, GUIDO ANGELO, Piatti, ML, Dodesini, AR, TREVISAN, ROBERTO, DEMAND Study Investigators, Parvanova, IA, Petrov, II, MARMIROLI, PAOLA LORENA, Giuliano, GA, Cannata, AN, and Lauria, G.
- Abstract
To assess whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers ameliorate diabetic complications, we compared glomerular filtration rate (GFR; primary outcome), cardiovascular events, retinopathy, and neuropathy in 380 hypertensive type 2 diabetics with albuminuria <200 mg/min included in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (DEMAND [Delapril and Manidipine for Nephroprotection in Diabetes]) and randomized to 3-year treatment with manidipine/delapril combination (10/30 mg/d; n=126), delapril (30 mg/d; n=127), or placebo (n=127). GFR was centrally measured by iohexol plasma clearance. Median monthly GFR decline (interquartile range [IQR]) was 0.32 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (IQR: 0.16-0.50 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) on combined therapy, 0.36 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (IQR: 0.18-0.53 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) on delapril, and 0.30 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (IQR: 0.12-0.50 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) on placebo (P=0.87 and P=0.53 versus combined therapy or delapril, respectively). Similar findings were observed when baseline GFR values were not considered for slope analyses. Albuminuria was stable in the 3 treatment groups. The hazard ratio (95% CI) for major cardiovascular events between combined therapy and placebo was 0.17 (0.04-0.78; P=0.023). Among 192 subjects without retinopathy at inclusion, the hazard ratio for developing retinopathy between combined therapy and placebo was 0.27 (0.07-0.99; P=0.048). Among 200 subjects with centralized neurological evaluation, the odds ratios for peripheral neuropathy at 3 years between combined therapy or delapril and placebo were 0.45 (0.24-0.87; P=0.017) and 0.52 (0.27-0.99; P=0.048), respectively. Glucose disposal rate decreased from 5.8±2.4 to 5.3±1.9 mg/kg per min on placebo (P=0.03) but did not change on combined or delapril therapy. Treatment was well tolerated. In hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients, combined manidipine and delapril therapy failed to slow GFR decline bu
- Published
- 2011
11. Finding the Striatum in Sheep: Use of a Multi-Modal Guided Approach for Convection Enhanced Delivery
- Author
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van der Bom, I.M.J., primary, Moser, R.P., additional, Gao, G., additional, Mondo, E., additional, O'Connell, D., additional, Gounis, M.J., additional, McGowan, S., additional, Chaurette, J., additional, Bishop, N., additional, Sena-Esteves, M.S., additional, Mueller, C., additional, and Aronin, N., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Epidemiologic case investigation on the zoonotic transmission of Staphylococcus aureus infection from goat to veterinarians
- Author
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Silvia Piva, Mariana Roccaro, Simone Ambretti, Lucia De Castelli, Monica Cricca, Barbara Brunetti, Angelo Peli, Irene Ferrero, Alessandra Scagliarini, Andrea Serraino, Angelo Romano, Federica Giacometti, Elisabetta Mondo, Giuseppe Merialdi, Jole Mariella, Piva S., Mariella J., Cricca M., Giacometti F., Brunetti B., Mondo E., De Castelli L., Romano A., Ferrero I., Ambretti S., Roccaro M., Merialdi G., Scagliarini A., Serraino A., and Peli A.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Bacterial Zoonoses ,subtyping ,Epidemiology ,Short Communication ,030106 microbiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,Short Communications ,professional zoonosi ,Abortion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Abomasum ,professional zoonosis ,Veterinarians ,Microbiology ,Enterotoxins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fatal Outcome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Occupational Exposure ,medicine ,Animals ,Metritis ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Fetus ,Goat Diseases ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Goats ,goat ,Zoonosis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,Abortion, Veterinary ,Staphylococcal Infections ,medicine.disease ,Dystocia ,abortion ,Infectious Diseases ,Staphylococcus aureu ,Herd ,Female ,business - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection led to a case of goat abortion, and four veterinarians contracted S.aureus infection from the goat during and after the abortion. Three veterinarians assisted a doe during the dystocic delivery of a dead foetus. Seventy-two hours after the dystocia, which ended with the goat's death, the veterinarians who assisted during the kidding and the veterinarian who performed the necropsy showed the presence of multiple, isolated, painful pustules 1–5mm in diameter located along their forearms and knees. S.aureus was isolated from the pustules of the veterinarians, the placenta and uterus of the goat, the organs (brain, thymus gland, abomasum, liver and spleen) of the foetus, the scrotum and eye swabs of the buck, and mammary pustules of another goat from the same herd. Histological analysis revealed purulent metritis and inflammation of the placental cotyledons. Additional investigations eliminated the chances of other infections. S.aureus isolates recovered from the veterinarians, goats, foetus and buck were sensitive to the tested anti-microbials and did not encode staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (sea, ser, sep, see, seg and sei). The isolates were closely related, as indicated by the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and comparative whole-genome sequencing analysis. The results of this study clearly support the hypothesis that an episode of professional zoonosis was caused by S.aureus infection during the abortion and also highlight the need for bacterial subtyping in epidemiological surveys.
- Published
- 2021
13. Bovine Paratuberculosis: Results of a Control Plan in 64 Dairy Farms in a 4-Year Period
- Author
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Raffaele Scarpellini, Federica Giacometti, Federica Savini, Norma Arrigoni, Chiara Anna Garbarino, Giuseppe Carnevale, Elisabetta Mondo, Silvia Piva, Scarpellini R., Giacometti F., Savini F., Arrigoni N., Garbarino C.A., Carnevale G., Mondo E., and Piva S.
- Subjects
History ,Control plan ,Food Animals ,Polymers and Plastics ,Epidemiology ,Biosecurity ,Dairy farm ,MAP ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
Paratuberculosis is considered one of the most economically devastating infectious diseases of domestic livestock, and the most effective control strategy is a combination of 'test-and-cull' and on-farm biosecurity measures. In Italy, a Voluntary National Control Plan (VNCP) and guidelines have been introduced to reduce the impact of the disease, and farmers can voluntarily enroll in the control plan. The main aims of this study were: i) the description of the trend over a 4-year period on total, within-herd (WH) and between herd (BH) apparent seroprevalences observed in 64 dairy herds members of a mutual company located in Italy after the introduction of a proposed "Customized Control Plan" (CCP); ii) the evaluation of its effectiveness in terms of percentage of participating farms that decided to join the VNCP. Analyses on serum samples were performed with Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method and revealed a general decrease in both total, WH and BH apparent seroprevalence. Total average apparent seroprevalence decreased from 2.39% in 2017 to 1% in 2020. Negative herds raised from 51.9% in 2017 to 71.1% in 2020, while farms with WH apparent seroprevalence >5% decreased from 17.3% in 2017 to 4.4% in 2020. BH apparent seroprevalence decreased from 51.2% in 2017 to 29.2% in 2020. Among the 52 out of 64 herds that accepted to continue the proposed CCP after the first year, 41 (78.8%) joined in 2020 the VNCP, that assessed the health ranking of the herds. The results provide evidence that a control plan based on a farm-specific strategy and a subsidized testing process can effectively reduce the impact of paratuberculosis in dairy herds, especially in convincing farmers to continue in paratuberculosis control by joining the VNCP, including them in a National context and increasing their awareness of the disease.
- Published
- 2022
14. C5 Convertase Blockade in Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial
- Author
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Piero Ruggenenti, Erica Daina, Alessia Gennarini, Camillo Carrara, Sara Gamba, Marina Noris, Nadia Rubis, Francesco Peraro, Flavio Gaspari, Andrea Pasini, Angelo Rigotti, Renelda M. Lerchner, Domenico Santoro, Antonio Pisani, Alessandra Pasi, Giuseppe Remuzzi, G. Remuzzi, P. Ruggenenti, E. Mondo, S. Rota, C. Carrara, V. Portalupi, A. Pasini, G. Monitini, E. Monti, A. Rigotti, F. De Giovanni, B. Giacon, R.M. Lerchner, W. Passler, D. Santoro, L. Visconti, A. Pisani, E. Riccio, A. Pasi, M. Dugo, C. Tuono, F. Emma, M. Vivarelli, L. Murer, E. Benetti, R. Coppo, A. Amore, G. Gambaro, S. Passalacqua, B. Ruggiero, E. Daina, E. Bresin, S. Gamba, S. Prandini, V. Lecchi, D. Cugini, G. Gherardi, N. Rubis, O. Diadei, A. Villa, D. Villa, P. Boccardo, S. Peracchi, D. Martinetti, A. Perna, F. Peraro, G.A. Giuliano, F. Gaspari, F. Carrara, S. Ferrari, N. Stucchi, A. Cannata, M. Noris, S. Bettoni, M. Alberti, P. Cuccarolo, P. Rizzo, G.F. Marchetti, A. Sonzogni, Ruggenenti, P., Daina, E., Gennarini, A., Carrara, C., Gamba, S., Noris, M., Rubis, N., Peraro, F., Gaspari, F., Pasini, A., Rigotti, A., Lerchner, R. M., Santoro, D., Pisani, A., Pasi, A., Remuzzi, G., Mondo, E., Rota, S., Portalupi, V., Monitini, G., Monti, E., De Giovanni, F., Giacon, B., Passler, W., Visconti, L., Riccio, E., Dugo, M., Tuono, C., Emma, F., Vivarelli, M., Murer, L., Benetti, E., Coppo, R., Amore, A., Gambaro, G., Passalacqua, S., Ruggiero, B., Bresin, E., Prandini, S., Lecchi, V., Cugini, D., Gherardi, G., Diadei, O., Villa, A., Villa, D., Boccardo, P., Peracchi, S., Martinetti, D., Perna, A., Giuliano, G. A., Carrara, F., Ferrari, S., Stucchi, N., Cannata, A., Bettoni, S., Alberti, M., Cuccarolo, P., Rizzo, P., Marchetti, G. F., and Sonzogni, A.
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,C3 glomerulopathy ,C3GN (C3 glomerulonephritis) ,C5 blockade ,IC-MPGN (immune complex–mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis) ,clinical trial ,eculizumab ,nephrotic syndrome ,proteinuria ,sC5b-9 (serum complement membrane attack complex) ,urinary protein excretion ,Adolescent ,Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ,C3 Glomerulonephritis ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Renal function ,Complement C3-C5 Convertases ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Gastroenterology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interquartile range ,Internal medicine ,Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hypoalbuminemia ,Child ,Complement Activation ,Proteinuria ,business.industry ,Eculizumab ,medicine.disease ,Complement Inactivating Agents ,Nephrology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Nephrotic syndrome ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Primary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a rare glomerulopathy characterized by complement dysregulation. MPGN progresses rapidly to kidney failure when it is associated with nephrotic syndrome. We assessed the effects of C5 convertase blockade in patients with MPGN and terminal complement activation. Study Design: Prospective off-on-off-on open-label clinical trial. Setting & Participants: Consenting patients with immune complex–mediated MPGN (n = 6) or C3 glomerulonephritis (n = 4) with sC5b-9 (serum complement membrane attack complex) plasma levels > 1,000 ng/mL and 24-hour proteinuria with protein excretion > 3.5 g identified from the Italian Registry of MPGN and followed up at the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS (Bergamo, Italy) between March 4, 2014, and January 7, 2015. Intervention: Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab administered during 2 sequential 48-week treatment periods separated by one 12-week washout period. Outcomes: Primary outcome was change in 24-hour proteinuria (median of 3 consecutive measurements) at 24 and 48 weeks. Results: Median proteinuria decreased from protein excretion of 6.03 (interquartile range [IQR], 4.8-12.4) g/d at baseline to 3.74 (IQR, 3.2-4.4) g/d at 24 weeks (P = 0.01) and to 5.06 (IQR, 3.1-5.8) g/d (P = 0.006) at 48 weeks of treatment, recovered toward baseline during the washout period, and did not significantly decrease thereafter. Hypoalbuminemia, dyslipidemia, and glomerular sieving function improved during the first treatment period. 3 patients achieved partial remission of nephrotic syndrome and all had undetectable C3 nephritic factors before treatment. Mean measured glomerular filtration rate was 69.7 ± 35.2 versus 87.4 ± 55.1 and 75.8 ± 42.7 versus 76.6 ± 44.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the start versus the end of the first and second treatment periods, respectively, among all 10 study participants. Unlike C3, sC5b-9 plasma levels normalized during both treatment periods and recovered toward baseline during the washout in all patients. Limitations: Single-arm design, small sample size. Conclusions: Eculizumab blunted terminal complement activation in all patients with immune complex–mediated MPGN or C3 glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, but persistently reduced proteinuria in just a subgroup. Trial Registration: Registered in the EU Clinical Trials Register with study no. 2013-003826-10.
- Published
- 2019
15. First isolation of Klebsiella variicola from a horse pleural effusion
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Riccardo Rinnovati, Silvia Piva, Andrea Serraino, Federica Savini, Federica Giacometti, Alessandro Spadari, Elisabetta Mondo, Mondo E., Rinnovati R., Spadari A., Giacometti F., Serraino A., Savini F., and Piva S.
- Subjects
Male ,Pulmonary Atelectasis ,Pleural effusion ,Cefazolin ,Case Report ,Oxytetracycline ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Horse ,Klebsiella variicola ,Microbiology ,Klebsiella ,Anti-Bacterial Agent ,Enrofloxacin ,Animals ,Medicine ,Horses ,Amikacin ,Respiratory disease ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,Horse Disease ,General Veterinary ,Respiratory distress ,Animal ,Microbial Sensitivity Test ,business.industry ,Enterobacteriaceae Infections ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Enterobacteriaceae Infection ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Pleural Effusion ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Horse Diseases ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Respiratory diseases are the second most common cause of illnesses in horses, their etiology can be viral, bacterial, immune-mediated, or mechanical (Racklyeft and Love DN, Aust Vet J 78:549–59, 2000; Austin et al., J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:325–328, 1995; Arroyo et al., J Vet Intern Med 31:894–900, 2017). Klebsiella variicola is a Gram-negative bacterium that was initially identified as an endophyte in soil and plants such as bananas, rice, sugar cane and maize but recent studies have identified this microorganism as an emerging pathogen in humans (Rodríguez-Medina et al., Emerg Microbes Infect 8:973–988, 2019; Fontana et al., J Clin Microbiol 57:e00825–18, 2019; Rosenblueth et al., Syst Appl Microbiol 27:27–35, 2004). This paper describes, for the first time to our knowledge, the isolation of K. variicola from pleural effusion in a male adult horse. Case presentation 17-years Italian Saddle Horse with respiratory distress and fever was admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna. At home, the patient had undergone antibiotic therapy without clinical improvement. Vital signs on admission revealed an increased respiratory rate, tachycardia, pyrexia and weight loss. The animal was submitted for collateral examination including thoracic radiology and ultrasound and thoracoscopy that showed bilateral pleural effusion associated with multifocal pulmonary atelectasis. During the thoracoscopic examination, that confirmed the presence of a seropurulent pleural effusion, a sample of pleural fluid was collected and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) that allowed the identification of K. variicola. The isolate was sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;the horse was treated with Oxytetracycline and amikacin. Despite a general health improvement of the subject, the pleural effusion did not resolve after treatment. Conclusions This paper describes, for the first time, the isolation of K. variicola in a horse with respiratory disease. The misidentification between K. variicola and K. pneumoniae has caused unawareness about significant aspects of this bacterial species. In fact, even though in animals the role of this bacterium is not clear, in humans it has been recognized as an emerging pathogen. The use of new methods for bacterial identification will probably lead to the isolation of a greater number of strains which will have to be studied to acquire knowledge that will be useful to clarify the clinical importance and relevance of K. variicola also in animals.
- Published
- 2021
16. Effect of production process and high-pressure processing on viability of Salmonella spp. in traditional Italian dry-cured coppa
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Roberta Taddei, Federica Giacometti, Lia Bardasi, Paolo Bonilauri, Mattia Ramini, Maria Cristina Fonatana, Patrizia Bassi, Sara Castagnini, Francesco Ceredi, Maria Francesca Pelliconi, Andrea Serraino, Federico Tomasello, Silvia Piva, Elisabetta Mondo, Giuseppe Merialdi, Taddei R., Giacometti F., Bardasi L., Bonilauri P., Ramini M., Fontana M.C., Bassi P., Castagnini S., Ceredi F., Pelliconi M.F., Serraino A., Tomasello F., Piva S., Mondo E., and Merialdi G.
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lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,dry cured meat products ,Dry cured meat product ,HPP ,Salmonella spp ,Article - Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the combined effect of the manufacturing process followed by HPP treatment on the inactivation of Salmonella spp. in artificially contaminated coppa samples, in order to verify the ability of the combined processes to achieve the objective of a 5-log reduction of Salmonella spp. needed for exportation to the U.S. Fresh anatomical cuts intended for coppa production were supplied by four different delicatessen factories located in Northern Italy. Raw meat underwent experimental contamination with Salmonella spp. using a mixture of 3 strains. Surface contamination of the fresh anatomical cuts was carried out by immersion into inoculum containing Salmonella spp. The conditions of the HPP treatment were: pressure 593 MPa, time 290 seconds, water treatment temperature 14°C. Surface and deep samples were performed post contamination (T0), end of the cold phase (T1), end of process (Tend), and after HPP treatment (postHPP) and Salmonella spp. Enumerated. The results of this study show a significant reduction of Salmonella spp. all through the production process (P
- Published
- 2020
17. Effect of production process and high-pressure processing on viability of Listeria innocua in traditional Italian dry-cured coppa
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Taddei, Roberta, Giacometti, Federica, Bardasi, Lia, Bonilauri, Paolo, Ramini, Mattia, Fontana, Maria Cristina, Bassi, Patrizia, Castagnini, Sara, Ceredi, Francesco, Pelliconi, Maria Francesca, Serraino, Andrea, Tomasello, Federico, Piva, Silvia, Mondo, Elisabetta, Merialdi, Giuseppe, Taddei R., Giacometti F., Bardasi L., Bonilauri P., Ramini M., Fontana M.C., Bassi P., Castagnini S., Ceredi F., Pelliconi M.F., Serraino A., Tomasell F., Piva S., Mondo E., and Merialdi G.
- Subjects
lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,Dry-cured meat product ,Listeria spp ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,dry-cured meat products ,HPP ,Article - Abstract
In this study the effect of the application of High Pressure Treatment (HPP) combined with four different manufacturing processes on the inactivation of Listeria innocua, used as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes, in artificially contaminated coppa samples was evaluated in order to verify the most suitable strategy to meet the Listeria inactivation requirements needed for the exportation of dry-cured meat in the U.S. Fresh anatomical cuts intended for coppa production were supplied by four different delicatessen factories located in Northern Italy. Raw meat underwent experimental contamination with Listeria innocua using a mixture of 5 strains. Surface contamination of the fresh anatomical cuts was carried out by immersion into inoculum containing Listeria spp. The conditions of the HPP treatment were: pressure 593 MPa, time 290 seconds, water treatment temperature 14°C. Listeria innocua was enumerated on surface and deep samples post contamination, resting, ripening and HPP treatment. The results of this study show how the reduction of the microbial load on coppa during the production process did not vary among three companies (P>0.05) ranging from 3.73 to 4.30 log CFU/g, while it was significantly different (P
- Published
- 2020
18. Verdi without words : grand opera for orchestra.
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Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901, composer., Cincinnati Pops Orchestra, performer., Kunzel, Erich, conductor., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Aïda. Selections; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Aïda. Celeste Aïda; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Otello. Selections; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Trovatore. Vedi! le fosche notturne spoglie; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Trovatore. Di quella pira; arranged., Container of (work): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Traviata. Preludio., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Traviata. Selections; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Traviata. Libiamo ne lieti calici; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Traviata. Un dì felice, eterea; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Traviata. Sempre libera; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Traviata. Di Provenza il mar; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Rigoletto. Questa o quella per me pari sono; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Rigoletto. Caro nome; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Rigoletto. Donna è mobile; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Rigoletto. Quartetto; arranged., Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Falstaff. Tutto nel mondo è burla; arranged., and Container of (expression): Verdi, Giuseppe, 1813-1901. Nabucco. Va, pensiero sull' ali dorate; arranged.
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- 1995
19. Gut microbiome structure and adrenocortical activity in dogs with aggressive and phobic behavioral disorders
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Matteo Soverini, Marco Candela, Monica Barone, Elisabetta Mondo, Massimo Cocchi, Giovanna Marliani, Pier Attilio Accorsi, Federica D’Amico, Michela Mattioli, Carmen Adele Petrulli, Mondo E., Barone M., Soverini M., D'Amico F., Cocchi M., Petrulli C., Mattioli M., Marliani G., Candela M., and Accorsi P. A.
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0301 basic medicine ,Biological science ,Behavioral phenotypes ,Veterinary medicine ,Poison control ,Disease ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Article ,law.invention ,Behavior disorder ,03 medical and health sciences ,Probiotic ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Microbiome ,Phobic dog ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,biology.organism_classification ,Hormone ,Hormones ,Gut microbiome ,Behavioral disorders ,Biological sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Bacterial 16S rRNA ,Behavioral disorder ,Aggressive dogs ,lcsh:H1-99 ,Aggressive dog ,Phobic dogs ,Animal behavior ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,lcsh:Q1-390 ,Megamonas - Abstract
Accompanying human beings since the Paleolithic period, dogs has been recently regarded as a reliable model for the study of the gut microbiome connections with health and disease. In order to provide some glimpses on the connections between the gut microbiome layout and host behavior, we profiled the phylogenetic composition and structure of the canine gut microbiome of dogs with aggressive (n = 11), phobic (n = 13) and normal behavior (n = 18). Hormones’ determination was made through Radio Immuno-Assay (RIA), and next generation sequencing of the V3–V4 gene region of the bacterial 16S rRNA was employed to determine gut microbiome composition. Our results did not evidence any significant differences of hormonal levels between the three groups. According to our findings, aggressive behavioral disorder was found to be characterized by a peculiar gut microbiome structure, with high biodiversity and enrichment in generally subdominant bacterial genera (i.e. Catenibacterium and Megamonas). On the other hand, phobic dogs were enriched in Lactobacillus, a bacterial genus with known probiotic and psychobiotic properties. Although further studies are needed to validate our findings, our work supports the intriguing opportunity that different behavioral phenotypes in dogs may be associated with peculiar gut microbiome layouts, suggesting possible connections between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system and indicating the possible adoption of probiotic interventions aimed at restoring a balanced host-symbiont interplay for mitigating behavioral disorders., Biological sciences; Microbiology; Endocrinology; Veterinary medicine; Animal behavior; Microbiome, Behavioral disorders, Aggressive dogs, Phobic dogs, Hormones
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- 2020
20. Did you know that your animals have consciousness?
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Elisabetta Mondo, Pier Attilio Accorsi, Massimo Cocchi, Accorsi, P.A., Mondo, E., and Cocchi, M.
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Psychoanalysis ,Consciousness ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Alaskan malamute ,Animal consciousness ,Mood disorder ,German ,self-organizing map ,03 medical and health sciences ,membrane viscosity ,0302 clinical medicine ,animal consciousne ,medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Animals ,Humans ,media_common ,platelet ,Neuroscience (all) ,Mood Disorders ,General Neuroscience ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,language.human_language ,030227 psychiatry ,Mood disorders ,language ,fatty acid ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Consciousness is the greatest enigma in human history. For centuries scientists and researchers have tried to describe it without coming to conclusions. In the last years with the neurosciences development, consciousness has become the common goal of numerous studies. But consciousness has always been studied only in humans, but after "Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness" in 2012, even non-human animalsthey feel possessed of the consciousness. According to "theory Orch-OR" of Hameroff and Penrose we have conducted a study on Alaskan malamute and German shepherd to analysed a triplet of platelet fatty acids (linoleic acid; palmitic acid; arachidonic acid). Through these analysis and the relative mapping of subjects within a SOM it was possible to make an assessment of the possible onset of mood disorders in the dogs. A critical analysis of the results obtained shows that animals have molecular analogies with humans compared to mood disorders. The German shepherd and Alaskan malamute, indeed, have, in the case of major depression, a bio-chemical profile, the most similar to man.
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- 2017
21. Role of gut microbiota in dog and cat’s health and diseases
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Pier Attilio Accorsi, Giovanna Marliani, Elisabetta Mondo, Alberto Leone, Massimo Cocchi, Mondo E., Marliani G., Accorsi P.A., Cocchi M., and Di Leone A.
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Zoology ,Review Article ,Disease ,Biology ,Gut flora ,Cat Diseases ,Microbial ecosystem ,Dogs ,at, Dog, Gut, Microbiota ,Microbial ecology ,Dog ,Animals ,Gut ,Dog Diseases ,Gastrointestinal tract ,Intestinal microorganisms ,General Veterinary ,Animal health ,Microbiota ,Cat ,biology.organism_classification ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,QL1-991 ,Cats ,Digestive tract - Abstract
Mammalian gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a large number of microorganisms, known as gut microbiota, that play a key role in the physiological and pathological states. In particular, the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats harbors a complex and highly biodiverse microbial ecosystem. Recent studies see it involved in a wide range of life processes, including energy needs, metabolism, immunological activity, and neuro-behavioral development. This review focuses on the role of the microbiota on the health of pets and will discuss changes that occur in the disease.Keywords: Cat, Dog, Gut, Microbiota.
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- 2019
22. Wild birds as potential bioindicators of environmental antimicrobial resistance: A preliminary investigation.
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Erika E, Scarpellini R, Celli G, Marliani G, Zaghini A, Mondo E, Rossi G, and Piva S
- Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an issue of global concern that includes human, animal, and environmental health. To tackle this phenomenon, a One Health approach is required through the involvement of all these interconnected elements. The environment poses challenges for investigation, but wildlife animals, not directly exposed to antibiotic treatments and interacting with their habitats, can serve as indicators of AMR contamination. Specifically, wild birds could play a significant role in dissemination of AMR, as they can acquire AMR bacteria from wildlife reservoirs and disperse them through environments. This study aims to assess the prevalence of AMR in commensal bacteria isolated from wild birds and their role as bioindicators of environmental AMR. A total of 73 birds belonging to various species were sampled in the Emilia-Romagna region with buccal, cloacal and feather samplings. The samples were cultured on selective media, colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF technology and antimicrobial susceptibility to different drugs was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The birds' data were statistically evaluated in relation to AMR percentages. In total, 117 bacterial strains were isolated, belonging to 23 genera and 46 different bacterial species. The highest non-susceptibility percentages were observed for tetracycline (12.2 %) and enrofloxacin (8.6 %) considering all bacterial isolates, as well as for oxacillin (46.8 %), clindamycin (29.3 %) and rifampicin (20.8 %), among Gram-positive isolates. In the statistical analysis, a higher AMR percentage was correlated with Gram-positive isolates from birds belonging to rural/urban habitat (p = 0.01). Among Gram-positives, a higher oxacillin non-susceptibility percentage was found to be associated with isolates from birds sampled in province of Bologna (p = 0.007), a higher enrofloxacin non-susceptibility percentage revealed an association with rural/urban habitat (p = 0.02), while a higher non-susceptibility percentage towards rifampicin resulted associated with isolates from migratory birds (p = 0.031). In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests a potential role of wild birds as bioindicators for monitoring AMR contamination in the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We hereby declare no financial/personal interest or belief that could affect the objectivity of this research., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2024
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23. Using honey bee colonies to monitor phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin.
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Resci I, Zavatta L, Piva S, Mondo E, Guerra I, Nanetti A, Bortolotti L, and Cilia G
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- Animals, Bees microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Negative Bacteria genetics, Italy, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Colistin pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Phenotype, Genotype
- Abstract
Colistin is a polymyxin antimicrobic mainly used to treat infection caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Mechanisms of colistin resistance are linked to the mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, which are transferable within mobile plasmids. Currently, there is limited research on the environmental dissemination of these genes. The behavioural and morphological characteristics of Apis mellifera L. make honey bees effective environmental bioindicators for assessing the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the colistin phenotypic and genotypic resistance in environmental Gram-negative bacteria isolated from foraging honey bees, across a network of 33 colonies distributed across the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. Phenotypic resistances were determined through a microdilution assay using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with dilutions ranging from 0.5 μg/ml to 256 μg/ml. Strains with MIC values gather than 2 μg/ml were classified as resistant. Also, the identification of the nine mcr genes was carried out using two separate multiplex PCR assays. The study found that 68.5% of isolates were resistant and the genus with the higher resistance rates observed in Enterobacter spp. (84.5%). At least one mcr gene was found in 137 strains (53.3%). The most detected gene was mcr5 (35.3%), which was the most frequently detected gene in the seven provinces, while the least observed was mcr4 (4.8%), detected only in two provinces. These results suggested the feasibility of detecting specific colistin resistance genes in environmentally spread bacteria and understanding their distribution at the environmental level, despite their restricted clinical use. In a One-Health approach, this capability enables valuable environmental monitoring, considering the significant role of colistin in the context of public health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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24. Active surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in companion animals: A pilot study in a Spanish Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
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Scarpellini R, Vélez De Mendizábal LL, Quevedo-Caraballo S, Blanco JL, García ME, Pérez-Sancho M, Portero Fuentes M, Penelo S, Esposito E, Mondo E, and Piva S
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- Humans, Animals, Cats, Dogs, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Hospitals, Animal, Pilot Projects, Watchful Waiting, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Hospitals, Teaching, Carbapenems, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Cat Diseases microbiology, Dog Diseases microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections veterinary
- Abstract
The role of small animal veterinary hospitals in the onset and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AMROs) is still not clear, and the implementation of an internal surveillance systems is a cost-effective tool to better understand their impact. The aim of this study was to describe a pilot program of active surveillance in a Spanish Veterinary Teaching Hospital, developed to estimate the detection frequency of AMROs in the commensal flora of patients and in the environment. Surveillance was focused on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS), third generation cephalosporins resistant gram-negative bacteria (3GCR-GNB), and carbapenems-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). Oral and perirectal swabs were collected in the same dogs and cats hospitalized > 48 h, at their admission and before their discharge. Out of 50 patients sampled, 24% (12/50) were carriers at admission of at least one of the three investigated AMROs. Twenty-eight percent of patients (14/50) acquired at least one AMRO during the hospital stay. MRS detection frequency at admission was 12% (6/50), while acquisition was 6% (3/50). 3GCR-GNB detection frequency was 14% at admission (7/50) and acquisition 22% (11/50), while CR-GNB detection frequency was 2% at admission (1/50) and acquisition 2% (1/50). Environmental surveillance (98 samples) showed a total detection frequency of 22.4% for MRS (22/98), 2% for 3GCR-GNB and CR-GNB (2/98). Clinical staff' shoe soles showed high detection frequency for MRS (50%). 3GCR Escherichia coli was the most isolated species in patients (n = 17). The results show how active surveillance can be used as a tool to assess the impact of AMROs in veterinary hospitals to subsequently build up tailored control plans based on specific issues., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All the authors disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) the work. They all declare that there's no financial/personal interest or belief that could affect their objectivity., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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25. Predictive statistical models for monitoring antimicrobial resistance spread in the environment using Apis mellifera (L. 1758) colonies.
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Resci I, Zavatta L, Piva S, Mondo E, Albertazzi S, Nanetti A, Bortolotti L, and Cilia G
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- Humans, Bees, Animals, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Bacteria, Environment, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Environmental Biomarkers
- Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most relevant problems for human and animal health. According to One Health Approach, it is important to regulate the use of antimicrobials and monitor the spread of AMR in the environment as well. Apis mellifera (L. 1758) colonies were used as bioindicators thanks to their physical and behavioural characteristics. During their foraging flights, bees can intercept small particles, including atmospheric particulate matter, etc., and also microorganisms. To date, the antimicrobial surveillance network is limited to the sanitary level but lacks into environmental context. This study aimed to evaluate the use of A. mellifera colonies distributed throughout the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) as indicators of environmental antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This was performed by creating a statistical predictive model that establishes correlations between environmental characteristics and the likelihood of isolating specific bacterial genera and antimicrobial-resistant strains. A total of 608 strains were isolated and tested for susceptibility to 19 different antimicrobials. Aztreonam-resistant strains were significantly related to environments with sanitary structures, agricultural areas and wetlands, while urban areas present a higher probability of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant strains isolation. Concerning genera, environments with sanitary structures and wetlands are significantly related to the genera Proteus spp., while the Escherichia spp. strains can be probably isolated in industrial environments. The obtained models showed maximum values of Models Accuracy and robustness (R
2 ) of 55 % and 24 %, respectively. The results indicate the efficacy of utilizing A. mellifera colonies as valuable bioindicators for estimating the prevalence of AMR in environmentally disseminated bacteria. This survey can be considered a good basis for the development of further studies focused on monitoring both sanitary and animal pathology, creating a specific network in the environments of interest., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Laura Bortolotti reports financial support was provided by Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry (MASAF). If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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26. Case report: First isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from the blood of a cat.
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Scarpellini R, Giunti M, Bulgarelli C, Mondo E, Esposito E, Assirelli G, and Piva S
- Abstract
A 14-year-old female domestic short-haired cat with a diagnosed diabetes mellitus and acromegaly was presented for lethargy and dysorexia. On clinical presentation, the patient showed hyperglycemia, hyperthermia, dull mentation, and dehydration. With the suspicion of an inflammatory or infectious complication of diabetes, she was hospitalized with constant rate infusion of insulin, and empirical ampicillin sulbactam was started. Blood culture revealed positivity for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the septic picture was confirmed by blood analysis, with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and an increased serum amyloid A concentration. The isolated Y. pseudotuberculosis strain showed susceptibility to every antimicrobial tested. During the second day of hospitalization, the onset of hypoglycemia and hypotension was treated with norepinephrine and glucose in fluid therapy. The cat recovered well and was discharged with insulin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. This is the first case of septicemia associated with Y. pseudotuberculosis in a cat, suspected of developing the infection after contact with natural reservoirs such as rodents or birds. This route of transmission should be highlighted especially in relation to the zoonotic potential of the bacteria., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Scarpellini, Giunti, Bulgarelli, Mondo, Esposito, Assirelli and Piva.)
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- 2024
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27. Bovine paratuberculosis: results of a control plan in 64 dairy farms in a 4-year period.
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Scarpellini R, Giacometti F, Savini F, Arrigoni N, Garbarino CA, Carnevale G, Mondo E, and Piva S
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- Animals, Cattle, Farms, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Antibodies, Bacterial, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Dairying methods, Paratuberculosis epidemiology, Paratuberculosis prevention & control, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Cattle Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Paratuberculosis is considered one of the most economically devastating infectious diseases of domestic livestock, and the most effective control strategy is a combination of 'test-and-cull' and on-farm biosecurity measures. In Italy, a Voluntary National Control Plan (VNCP) and guidelines have been introduced to reduce the impact of the disease, and farmers can voluntarily enroll in the control plan. The main aims of this study were: i) the description of the trend over a 4-year period on total, within-herd (WH) and between herd (BH) apparent seroprevalences observed in 64 dairy herds members of a mutual company located in Italy after the introduction of a proposed "Customized Control Plan" (CCP); ii) the evaluation of its effectiveness in terms of percentage of participating farms that decided to join the VNCP. Analyses on serum samples were performed with Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method and revealed a general decrease in both total, WH and BH apparent seroprevalence. Total average apparent seroprevalence decreased from 2.39% in 2017 to 1% in 2020. Negative herds raised from 51.9% in 2017 to 71.1% in 2020, while farms with WH apparent seroprevalence > 5% decreased from 17.3% in 2017 to 4.4% in 2020. BH apparent seroprevalence decreased from 51.2% in 2017 to 29.2% in 2020. Among the 52 out of 64 herds that accepted to continue the proposed CCP after the first year, 41 (78.8%) joined in 2020 the VNCP, that assessed the health ranking of the herds. The results provide evidence that a control plan based on a farm-specific strategy and a subsidized testing process can effectively reduce the impact of paratuberculosis in dairy herds, especially in convincing farmers to continue in paratuberculosis control by joining the VNCP, including them in a National context and increasing their awareness of the disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All the authors disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) the work. They all declare that there's no financial/personal interest or belief that could affect their objectivity., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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28. The Inflammatory Conspiracy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Crossroads of Clues and Insights through Mast Cells, Platelets, Inflammation, Gut Microbiota, Mood Disorders and Stem Cells.
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Cocchi M, Mondo E, Romeo M, and Traina G
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- Blood Platelets pathology, Humans, Inflammation, Mast Cells, Mood Disorders, Stem Cells pathology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Multiple Sclerosis pathology
- Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. This pathology, still largely of unknown etiology, carries within it a complex series of etiopathogenetic components of which it is difficult to trace the origin. An inflammatory state is likely to be the basis of the pathology. Crucial elements of the inflammatory process are the interactions between platelets and mast cells as well as the bacterial component of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, the involvement of mast cells in autoimmune demyelinating diseases has been shown. The present work tries to hang up on that Ariadne's thread which, in the molecular complexity of the interactions between mast cells, platelets, microbiota and inflammation, characterizes Multiple Sclerosis and attempts to bring the pathology back to the causal determinism of psychopathological phenomenology. Therefore, we consider the possibility that the original error of Multiple Sclerosis can be investigated in the genetic origin of the depressive pathology.
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- 2022
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29. Effectiveness of alkaline electrolyzed water in reducing bacterial load on surfaces intended to come into contact with food.
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Tomasello F, Pollesel M, Mondo E, Savini F, Scarpellini R, Giacometti F, Lorito L, Tassinari M, Cuomo S, Piva S, and Serraino A
- Abstract
Alkaline electrolyzed water (REW) is known for its cleaning action. The aim of this work was to assess REW effectiveness in reducing microbial load on surfaces intended for contact with food. Stainlesssteel surfaces were experimentally contaminated, bacterial inactivation was tested before and after treatment with REW. Treatment with REW was operated spraying it on the contaminated plates until drying. Tests were conducted for Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . The treatment revealed different degrees of sanitizing activity of REW on different bacterial species, with higher efficacy on E . coli and Salmonella spp. than S. aureus , Listeria spp.. Statistical analysis revealed a significant microbial load reduction (p<0.01) after treatment with REW, suggesting that it has a good disinfectant activity which, along with its easy and safe use, makes it a good alternative to many other more widely used disinfectants., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©Copyright: the Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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30. Epidemiologic case investigation on the zoonotic transmission of Staphylococcus aureus infection from goat to veterinarians.
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Piva S, Mariella J, Cricca M, Giacometti F, Brunetti B, Mondo E, De Castelli L, Romano A, Ferrero I, Ambretti S, Roccaro M, Merialdi G, Scagliarini A, Serraino A, and Peli A
- Subjects
- Abortion, Veterinary microbiology, Animals, Bacterial Zoonoses transmission, Dystocia veterinary, Enterotoxins genetics, Fatal Outcome, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Goats, Pregnancy, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections transmission, Bacterial Zoonoses microbiology, Goat Diseases microbiology, Occupational Exposure, Staphylococcal Infections veterinary, Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Veterinarians
- Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection led to a case of goat abortion, and four veterinarians contracted S. aureus infection from the goat during and after the abortion. Three veterinarians assisted a doe during the dystocic delivery of a dead foetus. Seventy-two hours after the dystocia, which ended with the goat's death, the veterinarians who assisted during the kidding and the veterinarian who performed the necropsy showed the presence of multiple, isolated, painful pustules 1-5 mm in diameter located along their forearms and knees. S. aureus was isolated from the pustules of the veterinarians, the placenta and uterus of the goat, the organs (brain, thymus gland, abomasum, liver and spleen) of the foetus, the scrotum and eye swabs of the buck, and mammary pustules of another goat from the same herd. Histological analysis revealed purulent metritis and inflammation of the placental cotyledons. Additional investigations eliminated the chances of other infections. S. aureus isolates recovered from the veterinarians, goats, foetus and buck were sensitive to the tested anti-microbials and did not encode staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (sea, ser, sep, see, seg and sei). The isolates were closely related, as indicated by the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and comparative whole-genome sequencing analysis. The results of this study clearly support the hypothesis that an episode of professional zoonosis was caused by S. aureus infection during the abortion and also highlight the need for bacterial subtyping in epidemiological surveys., (© 2021 Crown copyright. Zoonoses and Public Health published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2021
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31. First isolation of Klebsiella variicola from a horse pleural effusion.
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Mondo E, Rinnovati R, Spadari A, Giacometti F, Serraino A, Savini F, and Piva S
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- Amikacin therapeutic use, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Enterobacteriaceae Infections drug therapy, Enterobacteriaceae Infections veterinary, Horse Diseases drug therapy, Horses, Klebsiella drug effects, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests veterinary, Oxytetracycline therapeutic use, Pleural Effusion microbiology, Pulmonary Atelectasis veterinary, Horse Diseases microbiology, Klebsiella isolation & purification, Pleural Effusion veterinary
- Abstract
Background: Respiratory diseases are the second most common cause of illnesses in horses, their etiology can be viral, bacterial, immune-mediated, or mechanical (Racklyeft and Love DN, Aust Vet J 78:549-59, 2000; Austin et al., J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:325-328, 1995; Arroyo et al., J Vet Intern Med 31:894-900, 2017). Klebsiella variicola is a Gram-negative bacterium that was initially identified as an endophyte in soil and plants such as bananas, rice, sugar cane and maize but recent studies have identified this microorganism as an emerging pathogen in humans (Rodríguez-Medina et al., Emerg Microbes Infect 8:973-988, 2019; Fontana et al., J Clin Microbiol 57:e00825-18, 2019; Rosenblueth et al., Syst Appl Microbiol 27:27-35, 2004). This paper describes, for the first time to our knowledge, the isolation of K. variicola from pleural effusion in a male adult horse., Case Presentation: 17-years Italian Saddle Horse with respiratory distress and fever was admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna. At home, the patient had undergone antibiotic therapy without clinical improvement. Vital signs on admission revealed an increased respiratory rate, tachycardia, pyrexia and weight loss. The animal was submitted for collateral examination including thoracic radiology and ultrasound and thoracoscopy that showed bilateral pleural effusion associated with multifocal pulmonary atelectasis. During the thoracoscopic examination, that confirmed the presence of a seropurulent pleural effusion, a sample of pleural fluid was collected and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) that allowed the identification of K. variicola. The isolate was sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;the horse was treated with Oxytetracycline and amikacin. Despite a general health improvement of the subject, the pleural effusion did not resolve after treatment., Conclusions: This paper describes, for the first time, the isolation of K. variicola in a horse with respiratory disease. The misidentification between K. variicola and K. pneumoniae has caused unawareness about significant aspects of this bacterial species. In fact, even though in animals the role of this bacterium is not clear, in humans it has been recognized as an emerging pathogen. The use of new methods for bacterial identification will probably lead to the isolation of a greater number of strains which will have to be studied to acquire knowledge that will be useful to clarify the clinical importance and relevance of K. variicola also in animals.
- Published
- 2021
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32. Mosaic fungal individuals have the potential to evolve within a single generation.
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Tyrrell MG, Peabody DC, Peabody RB, James-Pederson M, Hirst RG, Allan-Perkins E, Bickford H, Shafrir A, Doiron RJ, Churchill AC, Ramirez-Tapia JC, Seidel B, Torres L, Fallavollita K, Hernon T, Wiswell L, Wilson S, Mondo E, Salisbury K, Peabody C, Cabral P, Presti L, McKenna-Hoffman K, Flannery M, Daly K, Haghighat D, and Lukason D
- Subjects
- Cell Nucleus genetics, Cytoplasm genetics, Diploidy, Armillaria genetics, Biological Evolution, Hyphae genetics, Spores, Fungal genetics
- Abstract
Although cells of mushroom-producing fungi typically contain paired haploid nuclei (n + n), most Armillaria gallica vegetative cells are uninucleate. As vegetative nuclei are produced by fusions of paired haploid nuclei, they are thought to be diploid (2n). Here we report finding haploid vegetative nuclei in A. gallica at multiple sites in southeastern Massachusetts, USA. Sequencing multiple clones of a single-copy gene isolated from single hyphal filaments revealed nuclear heterogeneity both among and within hyphae. Cytoplasmic bridges connected hyphae in field-collected and cultured samples, and we propose nuclear migration through bridges maintains this nuclear heterogeneity. Growth studies demonstrate among- and within-hypha phenotypic variation for growth in response to gallic acid, a plant-produced antifungal compound. The existence of both genetic and phenotypic variation within vegetative hyphae suggests that fungal individuals have the potential to evolve within a single generation in response to environmental variation over time and space.
- Published
- 2020
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33. Effect of production process and high-pressure processing on viability of Salmonella spp. in traditional Italian dry-cured coppa .
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Taddei R, Giacometti F, Bardasi L, Bonilauri P, Ramini M, Fontana MC, Bassi P, Castagnini S, Ceredi F, Pelliconi MF, Serraino A, Tomasello F, Piva S, Mondo E, and Merialdi G
- Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the combined effect of the manufacturing process followed by HPP treatment on the inactivation of Salmonella spp. in artificially contaminated coppa samples, in order to verify the ability of the combined processes to achieve the objective of a 5-log reduction of Salmonella spp. needed for exportation to the U.S. Fresh anatomical cuts intended for coppa production were supplied by four different delicatessen factories located in Northern Italy. Raw meat underwent experimental contamination with Salmonella spp. using a mixture of 3 strains. Surface contamination of the fresh anatomical cuts was carried out by immersion into inoculum containing Salmonella spp . The conditions of the HPP treatment were: pressure 593 MPa, time 290 seconds, water treatment temperature 14°C. Surface and deep samples were performed post contamination (T0), end of the cold phase (T1), end of process (Tend), and after HPP treatment (postHPP) and Salmonella spp. Enumerated. The results of this study show a significant reduction of Salmonella spp. all through the production process (P<0.01) for all companies, followed by an additional reduction of bacterial counts due to HPP treatment (P<0.01), both in superficial and deep contaminations (P<0.01). The superficial overall reduction resulted of 1.58 to 5.04 log CFU/g during the production process. HPP treatment resulted in a significant (P<0.01) superficial and deep decrease in Salmonella spp. enumeration varying from 0.61 to 4.01 log and from 1.49 to 4.13 log. According to the data presented in this study, only the combined approach of coppa manufacturing process followed by HPP treatment always led to a 5-log reduction of Salmonella spp. required by USDA/FSIS guidelines., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©Copyright: the Author(s).)
- Published
- 2020
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34. A Developmental Analysis of Juxtavascular Microglia Dynamics and Interactions with the Vasculature.
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Mondo E, Becker SC, Kautzman AG, Schifferer M, Baer CE, Chen J, Huang EJ, Simons M, and Schafer DP
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- Animals, CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 genetics, CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 metabolism, Capillaries growth & development, Capillaries ultrastructure, Cerebral Cortex ultrastructure, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microglia ultrastructure, Somatosensory Cortex metabolism, Cerebral Cortex blood supply, Cerebral Cortex growth & development, Microglia physiology
- Abstract
Microglia, a resident CNS macrophage, are dynamic cells, constantly extending and retracting their processes as they contact and functionally regulate neurons and other glial cells. There is far less known about microglia-vascular interactions, particularly under healthy steady-state conditions. Here, we use the male and female mouse cerebral cortex to show that a higher percentage of microglia associate with the vasculature during the first week of postnatal development compared with older ages and that the timing of these associations is dependent on the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1). Similar developmental microglia-vascular associations were detected in the human brain. Using live imaging in mice, we found that juxtavascular microglia migrated when microglia are actively colonizing the cortex and became stationary by adulthood to occupy the same vascular space for nearly 2 months. Further, juxtavascular microglia at all ages associate with vascular areas void of astrocyte endfeet, and the developmental shift in microglial migratory behavior along vessels corresponded to when astrocyte endfeet more fully ensheath vessels. Together, our data provide a comprehensive assessment of microglia-vascular interactions. They support a mechanism by which microglia use the vasculature to migrate within the developing brain parenchyma. This migration becomes restricted on the arrival of astrocyte endfeet such that juxtavascular microglia become highly stationary and stable in the mature cortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report the first extensive analysis of juxtavascular microglia in the healthy, developing, and adult brain. Live imaging revealed that juxtavascular microglia within the cortex are highly motile and migrate along vessels as they are colonizing cortical regions. Using confocal, expansion, super-resolution, and electron microscopy, we determined that microglia associate with the vasculature at all ages in areas lacking full astrocyte endfoot coverage and motility of juxtavascular microglia ceases as astrocyte endfeet more fully ensheath the vasculature. Our data lay the fundamental groundwork to investigate microglia-astrocyte cross talk and juxtavascular microglial function in the healthy and diseased brain. They further provide a potential mechanism by which vascular interactions facilitate microglial colonization of the brain to later regulate neural circuit development., (Copyright © 2020 the authors.)
- Published
- 2020
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35. Effect of production process and high-pressure processing on viability of Listeria innocua in traditional Italian dry-cured coppa .
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Taddei R, Giacometti F, Bardasi L, Bonilauri P, Ramini M, Fontana MC, Bassi P, Castagnini S, Ceredi F, Pelliconi MF, Serraino A, Tomasello F, Piva S, Mondo E, and Merialdi G
- Abstract
In this study the effect of the application of High Pressure Treatment (HPP) combined with four different manufacturing processes on the inactivation of Listeria innocua, used as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes, in artificially contaminated coppa samples was evaluated in order to verify the most suitable strategy to meet the Listeria inactivation requirements needed for the exportation of dry-cured meat in the U.S. Fresh anatomical cuts intended for coppa production were supplied by four different delicatessen factories located in Northern Italy. Raw meat underwent experimental contamination with Listeria innocua using a mixture of 5 strains. Surface contamination of the fresh anatomical cuts was carried out by immersion into inoculum containing Listeria spp . The conditions of the HPP treatment were: pressure 593 MPa, time 290 seconds, water treatment temperature 14°C. Listeria innocua was enumerated on surface and deep samples post contamination, resting, ripening and HPP treatment. The results of this study show how the reduction of the microbial load on coppa during the production process did not vary among three companies (P>0.05) ranging from 3.73 to 4.30 log CFU/g, while it was significantly different (P<0.01) for the fourth company (0.92 log CFU/g). HPP treatment resulted in a significant (P<0.01) deep decrease of L. innocua count with values ranging between 1.63-3.54 log CFU/g with no significant differences between companies. Regarding superficial contamination, HPP treatment resulted significant (P<0.01) only in Coppa produced by two companies. The results highlight that there were processes less effective to inhibit the pathogen; in particular for company D an increase of L. innocua count was shown during processing and HPP alone cannot be able to in reaching the Listeria inactivation requirements needed for exportation of dry-cured meat in the U.S. According to the data reported in this paper, HPP treatment increases the ability of the manufacturing process of coppa in reducing Listeria count with the objective of a lethality treatment., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest., (©Copyright: the Author(s).)
- Published
- 2020
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36. Role of gut microbiota in dog and cat's health and diseases.
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Mondo E, Marliani G, Accorsi PA, Cocchi M, and Di Leone A
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Dogs, Cat Diseases microbiology, Dog Diseases microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Abstract
Mammalian gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a large number of microorganisms, known as gut microbiota, that play a key role in the physiological and pathological states. In particular, the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats harbors a complex and highly biodiverse microbial ecosystem. Recent studies see it involved in a wide range of life processes, including energy needs, metabolism, immunological activity, and neuro-behavioral development. This review focuses on the role of the microbiota on the health of pets and will discuss changes that occur in the disease.
- Published
- 2019
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37. Sensory lesioning induces microglial synapse elimination via ADAM10 and fractalkine signaling.
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Gunner G, Cheadle L, Johnson KM, Ayata P, Badimon A, Mondo E, Nagy MA, Liu L, Bemiller SM, Kim KW, Lira SA, Lamb BT, Tapper AR, Ransohoff RM, Greenberg ME, Schaefer A, and Schafer DP
- Subjects
- ADAM10 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, ADAM10 Protein genetics, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases antagonists & inhibitors, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases genetics, Animals, CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 deficiency, CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 genetics, Cell Count, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Membrane Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Membrane Proteins genetics, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger genetics, Sensorimotor Cortex metabolism, Sensorimotor Cortex pathology, Signal Transduction physiology, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome, Vibrissae physiology, ADAM10 Protein physiology, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases physiology, CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 physiology, Chemokine CX3CL1 physiology, Membrane Proteins physiology, Microglia physiology, Sensorimotor Cortex physiopathology, Touch physiology, Vibrissae injuries
- Abstract
Microglia rapidly respond to changes in neural activity and inflammation to regulate synaptic connectivity. The extracellular signals, particularly neuron-derived molecules, that drive these microglial functions at synapses remain a key open question. Here we show that whisker lesioning, known to dampen cortical activity, induces microglia-mediated synapse elimination. This synapse elimination is dependent on signaling by CX3CR1, the receptor for microglial fractalkine (also known as CXCL1), but not complement receptor 3. Furthermore, mice deficient in CX3CL1 have profound defects in synapse elimination. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Cx3cl1 is derived from cortical neurons, and ADAM10, a metalloprotease that cleaves CX3CL1 into a secreted form, is upregulated specifically in layer IV neurons and in microglia following whisker lesioning. Finally, inhibition of ADAM10 phenocopies Cx3cr1
-/- and Cx3cl1-/- synapse elimination defects. Together, these results identify neuron-to-microglia signaling necessary for cortical synaptic remodeling and reveal that context-dependent immune mechanisms are utilized to remodel synapses in the mammalian brain.- Published
- 2019
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38. Artificial miRNAs Reduce Human Mutant Huntingtin Throughout the Striatum in a Transgenic Sheep Model of Huntington's Disease.
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Pfister EL, DiNardo N, Mondo E, Borel F, Conroy F, Fraser C, Gernoux G, Han X, Hu D, Johnson E, Kennington L, Liu P, Reid SJ, Sapp E, Vodicka P, Kuchel T, Morton AJ, Howland D, Moser R, Sena-Esteves M, Gao G, Mueller C, DiFiglia M, and Aronin N
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Dependovirus genetics, Disease Models, Animal, Electrolytes metabolism, Genetic Vectors metabolism, Genome, Viral, Humans, Immunoassay, Injections, Kidney physiopathology, Liver physiopathology, MicroRNAs genetics, Microglia metabolism, Neurons metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Sheep, Huntingtin Protein metabolism, Huntington Disease genetics, Huntington Disease pathology, MicroRNAs metabolism, Mutant Proteins metabolism, Neostriatum metabolism
- Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by a genetic expansion of the CAG repeat region in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Studies in HD mouse models have shown that artificial miRNAs can reduce mutant HTT, but evidence for their effectiveness and safety in larger animals is lacking. HD transgenic sheep express the full-length human HTT with 73 CAG repeats. AAV9 was used to deliver unilaterally to HD sheep striatum an artificial miRNA targeting exon 48 of the human HTT mRNA under control of two alternative promoters: U6 or CβA. The treatment reduced human mutant (m) HTT mRNA and protein 50-80% in the striatum at 1 and 6 months post injection. Silencing was detectable in both the caudate and putamen. Levels of endogenous sheep HTT protein were not affected. There was no significant loss of neurons labeled by DARPP32 or NeuN at 6 months after treatment, and Iba1-positive microglia were detected at control levels. It is concluded that safe and effective silencing of human mHTT protein can be achieved and sustained in a large-animal brain by direct delivery of an AAV carrying an artificial miRNA.
- Published
- 2018
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39. Selective Neuronal Uptake and Distribution of AAVrh8, AAV9, and AAVrh10 in Sheep After Intra-Striatal Administration.
- Author
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Mondo E, Moser R, Gao G, Mueller C, Sena-Esteves M, Sapp E, Pfister E, O'Connell D, Takle K, Erger KE, Liu W, Conlon TJ, DiFiglia M, Gounis MJ, and Aronin N
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Dependovirus metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Genetic Therapy, Genetic Vectors blood, Genetic Vectors urine, Genome, Viral, Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics, Humans, Internal Capsule, Male, Neostriatum virology, Serogroup, Sheep, Sheep, Domestic, Wool virology, Caudate Nucleus virology, Dependovirus genetics, Huntingtin Protein genetics, Neurons virology, Putamen virology, Virus Internalization
- Abstract
Background: Transgenic sheep are currently the only large animal model of Huntington's disease expressing full-length mutant human huntingtin. These transgenic sheep provide an opportunity to test adeno associated virus (AAV) therapies directly targeting the huntingtin gene. A recent study demonstrated that self-complementary (sc) AAV with artificial miRNA against human huntingtin reduced mutant human huntingtin in caudate and putamen after a single injection near the internal capsule., Objective: To identify an AAV serotype among AAVrh8, AAV9 and AAVrh10 with the highest neuronal uptake and distribution, with no obvious cell loss in the neostriatum of the sheep., Methods: We tested AAVrh8, AAV9 and AAVrh10 by stereotactic direct unilateral injection into the neostriatum of sheep, near the internal capsule. Four weeks after administration, we examined the viral spread and neuronal uptake of each serotype of AAV containing GFP. We compared single stranded (ss) and scAAVs. Further, we measured the distribution of AAVrh8 and AAV9 to a variety of tissues outside the brain., Results: Sc AAV9 had the best combination of neuronal uptake and distribution throughout the neostriatum. scAAVrh10 demonstrated good spread, but was not taken up by neurons. scAAVrh8 demonstrated good spread, but had less neuronal uptake than AAV9. Six hours after convection-enhanced administration to the neostriatum, both AAVrh8 and AAV9 viral genomes were detected in blood, saliva, urine, feces and wool. By four weeks, viral genomes were detected in wool only. Administration of AAVrh8, AAV9 and AAVrh10 was not associated with loss of neostriatal, medium spiny neuron number as measured by DARPP32 immunohistochemistry., Conclusions: Altogether, we found scAAV9 had the best neuronal uptake and spread, showed no loss of neurons at one-month post-injection, and was not measurable in body fluids one month after injection. This information will guide future clinical experiments requiring brain injection of AAV for therapeutics for gene or miRNA deliveries in sheep transgenic for the human huntingtin gene.
- Published
- 2018
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40. Targeted Therapy Based on Tumor Genomic Analyses in Metastatic Urachal Carcinoma.
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Loh KP, Mondo E, Hansen EA, Sievert L, Fung C, Sahasrabudhe DM, and Guancial E
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Genomics methods, Humans, Middle Aged, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Carcinoma drug therapy, Carcinoma genetics, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms drug therapy, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms genetics
- Published
- 2016
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41. Complement gene variants determine the risk of immunoglobulin-associated MPGN and C3 glomerulopathy and predict long-term renal outcome.
- Author
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Iatropoulos P, Noris M, Mele C, Piras R, Valoti E, Bresin E, Curreri M, Mondo E, Zito A, Gamba S, Bettoni S, Murer L, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Vivarelli M, Emma F, Daina E, and Remuzzi G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Complement C3 Nephritic Factor genetics, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative pathology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Immunoglobulins, Kidney Failure, Chronic etiology, Male, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Complement Pathway, Alternative genetics, Genetic Variation, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative classification, Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative genetics, Thrombomodulin genetics
- Abstract
Background: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is an uncommon cause of chronic nephropathy recently reclassified into immunoglobulin-associated MPGN (Ig-MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). In this study we aimed: (1) to evaluate the complement genetic and biochemical profile in patients with Ig-MPGN/C3G; (2) to investigate whether genetic variants and different patterns of complement activation (i.e., fluid versus solid phase) correlate with disease manifestations and outcomes., Methods: In 140 patients with idiopathic Ig-MPGN or C3G we performed complement biochemical and genetic screening and correlated genetic, biochemical and histology data with clinical features., Results: Mutations in genes encoding alternative pathway complement proteins were found in both Ig-MPGN and C3G, and mutations in the two components of the C3 convertase are the most prevalent. We also report a mutation in THBD encoding thrombomodulin in a C3G patient. The presence of mutations alone does not significantly increase the risk of Ig-MPGN or C3G, but it does so when combined with common susceptibility variants (CD46 c.-366A in Ig-MPGN; CFH V62 and THBD A473 in C3G). Finally, patients without complement gene mutations or C3NeFs--autoantibodies that stabilize the alternative pathway C3 convertase--have a higher risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease than patients with identified mutations and/or C3NeFs, suggesting the existence of different pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to renal disease., Conclusions: We provide new insights into the pathogenesis of Ig-MPGN/C3G that underscore the complex nature of these diseases and suggest that the current C3G classification may miss many cases associated with abnormalities of the complement alternative pathway., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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42. Safety of Striatal Infusion of siRNA in a Transgenic Huntington's Disease Mouse Model.
- Author
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Johnson E, Chase K, McGowan S, Mondo E, Pfister E, Mick E, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Sapp E, DiFiglia M, and Aronin N
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytokines metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Huntington Disease drug therapy, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, RNA, Small Interfering therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Brain pathology, Huntington Disease immunology, Immunity, Innate immunology, RNA, Small Interfering immunology
- Abstract
Background: The immune system In Huntington's disease (HD) is activated and may overreact to some therapies. RNA interference using siRNA lowers mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein but could increase immune responses., Objective: To examine the innate immune response following siRNA infusion into the striatum of wild-type (WT) and HD transgenic (YAC128) mice., Methods: siRNAs (2'-O-methyl phosphorothioated) were infused unilaterally into striatum of four month-old WT and YAC128 mice for 28 days. Microglia number and morphology (resting (normal), activated, dystrophic), cytokine levels, and DARPP32-positive neurons were measured in striatum immediately or 14 days post-infusion. Controls included contralateral untreated striatum, and PBS and sham treated striata., Results: The striata of untreated YAC128 mice had significantly fewer resting microglia and more dystrophic microglia than WT mice, but no difference from WT in the proportion of activated microglia or total number of microglia. siRNA infusion increased the total number of microglia in YAC128 mice compared to PBS treated and untreated striata and increased the proportion of activated microglia in WT and YAC128 mice compared to untreated striata and sham treated groups. Cytokine levels were low and siRNA infusion resulted in only modest changes in those levels. siRNA infusion did not change the number of DARPP32-positive neurons., Conclusion: Findings suggest that siRNA infusion may be a safe method for lowering mHTT levels in the striatum in young animals, since treatment does not produce a robust cytokine response or cause neurotoxicity. The potential long-term effects of a sustained increase in total and activated microglia after siRNA infusion in HD mice need to be explored.
- Published
- 2015
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