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Background: Nursing is a one of the oldest and noblest profession. This profession combines physical science, social science, nursing theory and technology. Aim: This study aimed at identifying relationship between nursing students' attitude toward nursing profession and their self-esteem. Research design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at faculty of nursing Al-Azhar University. Subjects: 214 nursing students from all four grades in faculty of nursing were included in the study. Tools of data collection: Data were collected by using two tools, attitude toward nursing profession questionnaire and self-esteem scale. Results: Slightly less than two third of nursing students have positive attitude toward nursing profession, while slightly more than three quarters of nursing students have high self-esteem. Conclusion: There was a highly statistically significant relation between studied students' attitude toward nursing profession and their self-esteem. Recommendations: Training sessions should be organized to improve nursing students' attitude toward nursing profession and improve their self-esteem, also educational courses should be made to induct, train and retain qualified and expert instructors for promoting the education quality.

Background: Assertiveness is a particular mode of communication. It occupies the healthy middle ground between aggressiveness and submissiveness and helps to identify problems and facilitate decision making. Aim of the study: this study aimed to assess assertiveness among nurses in ELFayoum University Hospitals. Design: A descriptive design used in this study. Setting: This study carried out at EL Fayoum University Hospitals. These hospitals namely, Surgical University Hospital and Medical University Hospital. Subjects: Study subjects included staff nurses, head nurse and assistant head nurses who were working in aforementioned two hospitals. Their total number was (200) staff nurse and (42) head nurse and assistants .Data collection tools: two tools were used to collect data. First tool Self-administer questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first part is socio-demographic data Sheet and the second part is an assertiveness assessment scale. Second tool assertive behavior inventory. Results: the highest mean score of assertiveness dimensions was negotiating the system& active orientation while the lowest mean score was work habits. The majority of nurses were assertive. Also, the highest mean score of factors affecting assertive behavior was human relation factors while the lowest assertive factors score nurse's belief factors. Conclusion: there was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between assertiveness and factors affecting assertive behavior. Recommendation: Maintain periodical meeting for nurses from different hospitals by seeking their opinions, and exchanging their experiences. Enhance critical thinking abilities & assertive skills through training programs and workshops.

Background: Transition is the period of learning, adjustment and socialization, when the nurse applies, consolidates and increases their existing knowledge, gaining competence (knowledge, skill, and attitude) that is applicable to the nursing practice of the clinical setting or patient population in which they are expected to perform. Aim: investigating effect of effect of transition training program on novice bachlors' degree nurses' working at Minia University Hospitals. Research design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was carried out at Minia University Hospitals. Subject: A convenient sample the study subjects were include all novice nurses (bachelor's degree) in University Hospitals. They are working in the field of nursing practice less than one year (no=110). Tools: Two tools were used in this study; nurse's transition training program knowledge questionnaire, and The Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey. Results: There were statistical significance differences in knowledge test scores as well as mean scores of transition role among new graduate nurses. Conclusions: There was a positive effect of transition training program on Novice Nurses. Recommendations: Further attention to academic preparation of nursing new graduate nurses to promote their perceptions about role transition.

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a systematic approach to improving the quality of nursing practice.Aim: The current study aims to investigate the effect of educational program regarding evidence based practice on beliefs and implementation among Clinical instructors. Design: A quasi-experimental research was utilized. Setting: The study was carried out at Faculty of Nursing, Minia University. Subjects: convenient sample of all available (78) clinical instructors who were working in a six Departments in Faculty of Nursing at Minia University at the time of conducting the study. Tools: Two tools were used; the Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs (EBPB) Scale, and the EBP implementation (EBPI) scale. Results: showed that total mean scores of clinical instructors' evidence-based practice implementation was increased post program than pre-program and follow up session was increased than pre and post program and total mean scores of clinical instructors' evidence-based practice beliefs was increased post program than pre-program and follow up session was increased than pre and post program with highly statistically significance differences which P – value .0001 respectively. Conclusion: Findings of the research demonstrated that education can affect the clinical instructor’s belief and implementation to use EBP. Recommendations: Repetition of the educational program in other nursing Faculties needs to be done on the use and implementation of EBP.

Background:The clinical learning environment refers to the learning placement that provides opportunities to integrate theory into practice, build clinical decision-making abilities, and develop a professional identity.Aim: to assess the perception of secondary nursing school students regarding their clinical learning environment and clinical supervision in Port Said City.Subjects and Method: A descriptive correlational research designwas used for the current study in three secondary nursing schools at Port- Said city. The study subjects will include 360 femalestudents.Two tools were used for data collection; Clinical learning environment inventory actual and expected form(CLEI), and clinical supervision questionnaire(CSQ).Results:The current study revealed that the majority of nursing students reported that there was low level of actual clinical learning environment (66.47%), andthe majority of nurse students had a high level of expected clinical learning environment (76.4%), also more than half of nurse students had a moderate level of clinical supervision (56.9%).Conclusion:It was evidenced that there was a significant difference between actual and expected clinical environments. Also the results suggested significant relationship between clinical learning environment and clinical supervision. Recommendations:The main recommendations are suggested, considering students’ expectations of clinical teaching environment and decreasingthe gap between the actual and expectedclinical environments is necessary. In addition,continuous studies on clinical teaching environment evaluation and their results, and to assess clinical instructors’ and clinical staff opinions about the clinical teaching environment are recommended.

Background: Critical thinking has now been accepted as the fundamental component of every education system. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between critical thinking dispositions and Problem solving abilities among Nursing students. Design: A descriptive cross sectional correlational research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at faculty of nursing El-fayoum University. Subjects: Included 434 nursing students. Tool of data collection: Data were collected by using two tools : A california critical thinking disposition inventory scale and problem solving questionnaire. Results: Highly mean score of the undergraduate nursing students (45.86) regarding truth seeking and low mean score regarding cognitive maturity (32.72). Highly mean score (49.25) regarding approach avoidance style and low mean score regarding personal control (12.98). Conclusion: There were statistically significant positive correlation between total critical thinking dispositions and total problem solving abilities among faculty nursing students. Recommendations: Faculties should provide student with orientation about importance of critical thinking and problem solving to meet the nursing challenges and future demands.

Background nursing Background: An attractive and supportive work environment is critical to innovation. Work environment have numerous properties that may influence both physical and mental wellbeing. Aim of the study: This study aimed tot assess the relationship between work environment and innovative behavior among staff nurses. Design: a descriptive correlational study design was utilized. Subjects: the study was conducted on 203 subjects of staff nurses. Setting: the study was carried out at Beni-sueif university hospital. Tools: two tools were used to collect data: Self-administered work environment questionnaire and innovative behavior inventory. Results: the study revealed that, there were statistical significant relations between work environment and staff nurses' demographic characteristics regarding age and experience years. There were statistical significant relations between innovative behavior and staff nurses' demographic characteristics regarding age and qualifications. Staff nurses have a high level of agreement upon work environment along with high level of agreement upon innovative behavior. Organizational structure dimension of work environment was the highest dimension, while incentives and rewards dimension of work environment was the lowest. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between work environment and innovative behavior. Recommendations: staff nurses need to: contribute and reinforce leading practices procedures done for innovation development .Integrate informatics and technology into nursing practices. Further research can be conducted to identify strategies that helping nursing staff to develop innovative behavior.

Background: Nurse managers leadership style is especially important to enhance staff nurses commitment which fulfill helping organizational objectives. Aim: the aim of this study was to identify the effect of nurse managers’ leadership styles on staff nurses’ organizational commitment through: assessing different styles of leadership among nurse managers, determining level of organizational commitment among staff nurses and finding out the effect of nurse managers’ leadership styles on staff nurses' organizational commitment.Study setting: this study was carried out at Nasser Institute Hospital. Study design: this descriptive correlational design. Study subjects: the study was carried out on 80 nurse managers, and 174 of their staff nurses in the hospital setting. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used to collect data namely, leadership style questionnaire and organizational commitment questionnaire. Results: the democratic leadership style was the most highly used by (63.8%) of nurse managers and (54.6%) of staff nurses had high total commitment level. Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurse managers’ democratic leadership score is a positive predictor of staff nurses’ commitment, while the autocratic style score is a negative predictor. Furthermore, the study recommends thatfrequent regular meetings between nurse managers and their staff nurses to discuss nurses work problems and recovered their problems for better relationships and enhances support at work with suitable rewards for staff nurses.

Background: Teaching in clinical settings presents nurse educators with challenges that are different from those encountered in the classroom. Aim: This study was aimed at developing and validating standards for clinical teaching skills. Design: A methodological design was utilized.Setting: It was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Ain-Shams University on a group of 72 faculty assistants who participating in clinical teaching, and jury group consisted of 30 nursing faculty members. Tools of Data collection: Data collection tools included an opinionnaire for jury group, an questionnaire sheet for faculty assistants group, and an observation checklist. Results: There were high agreement of faculty assistant upon all proposed standards. 87.5% of them agreed upon the total standards. 80.6% of assistants faculty, had adequate performance of the proposed standards. There was a high agreement upon almost all items of the proposed standards by jury group. The total agreement ranged between 85.7% to 100.0%. Conclusion:applicability as shown by the high performance of the faculty assistants using proposed standard. Recommendations: Apply The proposed standards at the Faculty of Nursing, Ain-shams University and in similar settings. Offer the necessary equipment and resources to apply the suggested standards.

Background: A high Quality of Working Life (QWL) is critical for healthcare organizations to attract and retain qualified, committed and motivated employees. Quality of working life refers to an employee‟s satisfaction with working life. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention among staff nurses. Research design: Descriptive- correlational design was used in carrying out this study. Subjects: 148 nurses were included in the study. Setting: This study conduct at Alagouza Governmental Hospital. Tools: two self-administrated questionnaires namely: Quality of work life and Anticipated turnover scale. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between total home life score and nurses' socio demographic characteristics, while there was a statistically significant correlation between total work design score, total work context score, total work world score, total quality of work life, total intending to leave score and nurses' socio demographic characteristics except with no training course. There was a negative statistically significant difference between nurses' intention to stay and intention to leave and intention to stay by their quality of work life perception. Conclusion: There was a highly positive statistically significant correlation between qualities of work life dimensions. There was a negative statistically significant correlation between quality of life dimensions and intending to leave. Recommendation: The nursing administrators might be able to improve the level of QWL by increasing nurses‟ satisfaction with job security, professional recognition, work conditions, work schedule, workload and nursing staffing.

Background: Shift report has crucial on achieving effective, safe, and high quality communication when theresponsibility for the patient care is transferred from one nurse to another in suitable manner.Aim of Study: The study aimed to develop quality of reporting among nurses after implementation of shiftreport training program.Subjects and Method: The study was conducted at Shoubra General Hospital which affiliated ministry ofhealth hospitals Total bed capacity is (200) bed. Two groups of subjects participated in the study, namelyhead nurses, staff nurses; 50 head nurses and their assistants in the designated setting, the only selectioncriterion for this group was working in the selected units during the time of the study; and 129 staff nursesout from 194 according this equation. Three data collection tools were used to carry out this study namely,knowledge questionnaire sheet, Observational check list, Audit sheet. The study involved assessment,planning, implementation, and evaluation phases at the end of training and three months follow-up.Results: No one of the staff nurses in the study sample had satisfactory total knowledge scores at the preintervention phase and reach 100% at the post-intervention and follow up phases. No one of the head nursesin the study sample had satisfactory total performance scores at the pre-intervention phase and reach 100%at the post- intervention phase, while the follow-up phase showed some declines, down to 70% in totalperformance scores.Conclusion and Recommendations: There was a statistically significant correlation between head nurses’total knowledge, performance, and audit scores with p-value > 0.01, also, there was a statistically significantcorrelation between nurses’ total knowledge, performance, and audit scores with p-value > 0.01. The studyrecommends Periodic assessment of head nurses and their staff for reporting skills. Regular implementationof training programs regarding shift report.

Background: Emotional intelligence is comprised of individual, emotional, and social abilities. Itincludes the competency of an individual to manage their relationships with others, and regulate emotionsand efficiently solved their problem. Aim: this study aims to assess the effect of emotional intelligencetraining program on nursing students problem solving skills. Design: A pretest- posttest one group quasiexperimentalstudy design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the Technical Nursing Instituteat El-Fayoum University. Subjects: included all the available nursing students at second year was 200nursing students. Tools of data collection: Data were collected by using two tools emotional intelligencequestionnaire and problem solving skills questionnaire. Results: 48.5% of the nursing students had highemotional intelligence before the intervention. This increased to 86.5% at the post intervention phase and theimprovement continued through the follow up phases reachingto89.5%. Half of nursing students in the studysample were high problem solving skills before the intervention. This rose to 87.5% at the post interventionphase and reached 90.5% at the follow-up phase. Conclusion: There were highly statistically significantcorrelations between emotional intelligence and problem solving skills. Recommendations: The TechnicalInstitute of Nursing should adopt the emotional intelligence, educational approach in all its different gradesand Enhance nursing problem solving skills through providing them with supportive and positive trainingenvironment.

Background: The perception of nursing by the public plays an important role in determining the choice of nursing as a profession by young people. The aim of this study: to investigate the relationship between perception of junior nurse students and nurse interns regarding public image of nursing Subject and methods: the study was carried out at two different settings, namely faculty of nursing Ain Shams University and Ain Shams University Hospitals. The subjects of this study included two groups, 84 nursing students from first academic year and 94 from nurse interns. Using A descriptive, comparative design. Data were collected by using self -administered sheet which is based on Perceptions of Professional Nursing questionnaire. Results: The junior nurse students group has statistically higher mean score compared to Nurse interns regarding public image subscale and total perception scale. There was a highly statistically significant difference between junior nurse students & nurse interns agreement upon the public image subscale (P < 0.01). additionally that ;there was a statistically significant difference between junior nurse students & nurse interns agreement upon all studied subscales ,(P < 0.05).Conclusion: The junior nurse students group has statistically higher mean score compared to Nurse interns regarding public image subscale and total perception scale. there was a highly statistically significant intermediate strength positive correlation between value subscale and practice subscale perceived by junior nurse students. Recommendations the study findings, it was recommended that Conducting conference to appropriate orientation for junior undergraduates' nurse students& nurse interns about the nursing profession, history of nursing, ensure the media portray positive image of nursing to recruit more staff to join nursing. Encour age future studies in order provide a complete picture of nursing image and factors influencing it.

Introduction: Evidence Based practice has emerged as an innovation for quality improvement in health care .Having positive beliefs toward EBP and sees its value in healthcare have vital impact on its implementation among nurses and help to overcome their perceived barriers. Aim: To determine nurses’ beliefs, identifying perceived barriers to the implementation of evidence based practice, Finding out the relation between nurses'' beliefs and barriers toward EBP. Design: A descriptive design was utilized. Setting: this study conducted at Ain shams specialized hospital. Tools: of data collection: Two tools were used namely evidence based practice beliefs questionnaire, barriers to research utilization questionnaire. Results: The majority of nurses had appositive beliefs toward applying EBP hospital, especially beliefs regarding value of EBP. There was a statistically significant relation between age, qualification, and experience in clinical work of nurses and perceived barriers of nurses toward EBP with most common barriers were related to organizational barriers. Conclusion: there was negative correlation between EBP Beliefs Scale and EBP barriers Scale. Recommendations: Well prepared evidence based programs, equipped facilities with new informatics infrastructure, Facilitate access to libraries, computers and Internet, establishing research disseminating center, ingrained EBP from nursing curricula, incorporated as a component of the research process, are main steps for implementing EBP.

Background: The International Patient Safety Goals (IPSGs) are used to improve the quality of care. Nurse interns’ proper understanding of patient safety is essential ingraining this concept. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a self-learning package related to patient safety goals on nurse interns' performance and awareness of patient safety culture. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at Ain-Shams University Hospitals using a quasi-experimental design with pre-post assessment on 110 nurse interns. The data collection tools were Patient safety knowledge questionnaire, Patient safety culture awareness questionnaire, and an observation checklist for nurse interns' safety performance. A Self-Learning Package was prepared and distributed to nurse interns. Its impact was evaluated after one and three months. Results: The nurse interns’ median age was 23.0 years, with a majority of females (67.3%). Before the intervention, 40.0% had satisfactory knowledge, which rose to 100.0% at the post intervention phase, and declined to 94.5% at the follow-up phase (p

Background: Employee participation in decision- making now considered a key element in the successful implementation of new management strategies and plays an important role in determining the degree of empowerment and job commitment of the employee as well as their motivation. Aim: the Study aimed to identify the effect of using a Developed Guidelines of staff nurses participation in decision-making and empowerment on their organizational Commitment. Research design: a quesi- experimental research design was used in this study. Setting: This study was carried out at Minia University Hospitals, and Minia general hospital. Sample: 100 staff nurses, working in critical areas, tools: data was collected by using three tools namely I. Decisional involvement scale (DIS) (II), Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire- (CWEQ), and III. Organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ). Results: high level of shared decisions, empowerment and low organizational commitment, highly statistical significant positive association between decision-making, empowerment and organizational commitment. Moreover a Highly statistical significant positive association between empowerment and age, experience and between age and commitment, negative statistical significant in dependent predictors of staff nurses scores of the empowerment and University hospital score. Ministry of health hospital( general hospital) has high level of empowerment and commitment while the decision is made by administration only in contrast university hospitals has lower level of empowerment and commitment with administration only decision. Conclusion: high level of shared decisions, lower empowerment and organizational commitment, negative effect using a Developed Guideline of participation in decision-making and empowerment on organizational commitment, Recommendation: Create a unit level DM structures such as shared governance model, unit committees as a strategy for promoting decisional involvement and structural empowerment; create a motivating work environment, keeping open lines of communication.

Assertiveness is the expression of one's feelings, beliefs, opinions, needs in a direct, honest and appropriate manner. Assertive not describe individual only also describe behavior, so that assertive behavior is a behavior which directly expresses individual’s true, basic feelings, needs, desires, opinions and personal rights in a positive, productive way without denying the rights of others . The aim of the study: Identifying the factors affecting assertive behaviour among head nurses at Minia University Hospitals. Research design: Descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: This study was carried out at Minia University Hospitals. Sample: Convenient sample of all available head nurses in Minia University Hospitals with total number (n= 50).Tool: Self–administrated questionnaire sheet which was consisted of two parts: Part (1): Demographic data &Part (II): Factors affecting Assertive Behaviour Questionnaire. Results: Two thirds of head nurses have high assertive behaviour regarding to communication domain but they have low assertiveness in other domains. There were statistical significance difference between communication, rights and responsibilities, and assertiveness as a total and female gender. Conclusions: This study concluded that all head nurses had low assertiveness level. There were no statistical significance differences between head nurses’ assertiveness and their socio-demographic Recommendation: Study other factors affecting assertive behaviour such as personality, experience, attitude and beliefs. Further researches to investigate the socio cultural circumstances that may hinder or enhance the individual to be assertive.

Background, Workload in nursing is important for several reasons, workload levels have been shown to influence outcomes such as mortality and morbidity for hospital patients and workload levels have been shown to influence the job retention and job satisfaction of nurses. The study aimed to identify nurses perception toward nursing workloads and its effect on nurses errors in Benha University Hospital. Descriptive design was utilized to meet the aim of this study. The study setting this study was conducted at Benha University Hospital. The study sample was composed of 253 nurses and 34 head nurse. Three tools were used for data collection of this study; Nurses Workload perception Questionnaire, Nurses Errors Questionnaire and Workload Management Questionnaire. The results showed that, 49.4% of staff nurses had low perception related to nursing workload, 53.4% of staff nurses had moderate perception related to causes and types of error. In addition all of studied head nurses used promoting performance level method to manage staff nurses workloads. The study concluded that nearly half of staff nurses had low perception related to nursing workload and there was significant positive correlation between nursing workload and nurses errors. The study Recommended that continuous education program for nurses to update their knowledge and skills in order to give quality of nursing care for avoiding the errors related to under staffing.

Contents: Soft skills are socio-emotional skills, essential for personal development and workplace success. While civility is defined as having respect for others, and it is necessary to bring attention to the importance of soft skills and civility and discuss its impact on teaching, learning, and patient outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of soft skills training strategies on nurse interns' civil behavior. Methods: The study was conducted at Ain-Shams University Hospitals, where nurse interns have their training, namely; Ain-Shams University Hospital, El-Demerdash hospital, Pediatrics Hospital, and Cardiovascular Hospital using quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study included all available nurse interns having their training in the settings mentioned above during the data collection period (the academic year 2017-2018). The study sample was 90 nurse interns, 35 males, and 55 females. The data were collected by using two tools, namely soft skills elements questionnaire and workplace civility index. Results: The study revealed a highly statistically significant improvement in nurse interns' total knowledge in the post and follow up phases p

Good healthcare waste management in a hospital depends on a dedicated waste management team, good administration, careful planning, sound organization, underpinning legislation, adequate financing, and full participation by trained staff. Hence, waste management protocols must be convenient and sensible.To assess the knowledge and practice related to waste management among doctors, nurses, and housekeepers in the surgical departments at Al-Mansoura University Hospital, and to design and validate a waste management protocol for the health team in these settings.This cross-sectional study was carried out in the eight surgical departments at Al-Mansoura University Hospital. All health care personnel and their assistants were included: 38 doctors, 106 nurses, and 56 housekeepers. Two groups of jury were included for experts' opinions validation of the developed protocol, one from academia (30 members) and the other from service providers (30 members). Data were collected using a self-administered knowledge questionnaire for nurses and doctors, and an interview questionnaire for housekeepers. Observation checklists were used for assessment of performance. The researchers developed the first draft of the waste management protocol according to the results of the analysis of the data collected in the assessment phase. Then, the protocol was presented to the jury group for validation, and then was implemented.Only 27.4% of the nurses, 32.1% of the housekeepers, and 36.8% of the doctors had satisfactory knowledge. Concerning practice, 18.9% of the nurses, 7.1% of the housekeepers, and none of the doctors had adequate practice. Nurses' knowledge score had a statistically significant weak positive correlation with the attendance of training courses (r=0.23, p0.05). Validation of the developed protocol was done, and the percent of agreement ranged between 60.0% and 96.7% for the service group, and 60.0% and 90.0% for the academia group.The majority of the doctors, nurses, and housekeepers have unsatisfactory knowledge and inadequate practice related to health care waste management. The knowledge among nurses is positively affected by attendance of training programs. Based on the findings, a protocol for healthcare waste management was developed and validated. It is recommended to implement the developed waste management protocol for the surgical departments in the designed hospital, with establishment of waste management audits.