22 results on '"Momeni L"'
Search Results
2. Automatic Dense Annotation of Large-Vocabulary Sign Language Videos
- Author
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Momeni, L, Bull, H, Prajwal, KR, Albanie, S, Varol, G, Zisserman, A, Visual Geometry Group (VGG), University of Oxford, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Architectures et Modèles pour l'Interaction (AMI), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Information, Langue Ecrite et Signée (ILES), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences et Technologies des Langues (STL), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge (LIGM), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, and ANR-21-CE23-0003,CorVis,Traduire la langue des signes avec la vision par ordinateur(2021)
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Sign Language Recognition Automatic Dataset Construction Novel Class Discovery ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,Automatic Dataset Construction ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Novel Class Discovery ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Sign Language Recognition - Abstract
Recently, sign language researchers have turned to sign language interpreted TV broadcasts, comprising (i) a video of continuous signing and (ii) subtitles corresponding to the audio content, as a readily available and large-scale source of training data. One key challenge in the usability of such data is the lack of sign annotations. Previous work exploiting such weakly-aligned data only found sparse correspondences between keywords in the subtitle and individual signs. In this work, we propose a simple, scalable framework to vastly increase the density of automatic annotations. Our contributions are the following: (1) we significantly improve previous annotation methods by making use of synonyms and subtitle-signing alignment; (2) we show the value of pseudo-labelling from a sign recognition model as a way of sign spotting; (3) we propose a novel approach for increasing our annotations of known and unknown classes based on in-domain exemplars; (4) on the BOBSL BSL sign language corpus, we increase the number of confident automatic annotations from 670K to 5M. We make these annotations publicly available to support the sign language research community., Comment: ECCV 2022 Camera Ready
- Published
- 2022
3. Scaling Up Sign Spotting Through Sign Language Dictionaries
- Author
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Varol, G, Momeni, L, Albanie, S, Afouras, T, Zisserman, A, Varol, G [0000-0002-8438-6152], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Sign spotting ,Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,Few-shot learning ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Sign language recognition ,Software - Abstract
The focus of this work is $\textit{sign spotting}$ - given a video of an isolated sign, our task is to identify $\textit{whether}$ and $\textit{where}$ it has been signed in a continuous, co-articulated sign language video. To achieve this sign spotting task, we train a model using multiple types of available supervision by: (1) $\textit{watching}$ existing footage which is sparsely labelled using mouthing cues; (2) $\textit{reading}$ associated subtitles (readily available translations of the signed content) which provide additional $\textit{weak-supervision}$; (3) $\textit{looking up}$ words (for which no co-articulated labelled examples are available) in visual sign language dictionaries to enable novel sign spotting. These three tasks are integrated into a unified learning framework using the principles of Noise Contrastive Estimation and Multiple Instance Learning. We validate the effectiveness of our approach on low-shot sign spotting benchmarks. In addition, we contribute a machine-readable British Sign Language (BSL) dictionary dataset of isolated signs, BSLDict, to facilitate study of this task. The dataset, models and code are available at our project page., Comment: Appears in: 2022 International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV). 25 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2010.04002
- Published
- 2022
4. Aligning Subtitles in Sign Language Videos
- Author
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Bull, H, Afouras, T, Varol, G, Albanie, S, Momeni, L, Zisserman, A, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Visual Geometry Group (VGG), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge (LIGM), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Oxford
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,[INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV] ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] - Abstract
International audience; The goal of this work is to temporally align asynchronous subtitles in sign language videos. In particular, we focus on sign-language interpreted TV broadcast data comprising (i) a video of continuous signing, and (ii) subtitles corresponding to the audio content. Previous work exploiting such weakly-aligned data only considered finding keyword-sign correspondences, whereas we aim to localise a complete subtitle text in continuous signing. We propose a Transformer architecture tailored for this task, which we train on manually annotated alignments covering over 15K subtitles that span 17.7 hours of video. We use BERT subtitle embeddings and CNN video representations learned for sign recognition to encode the two signals, which interact through a series of attention layers. Our model outputs frame-level predictions, i.e., for each video frame, whether it belongs to the queried subtitle or not. Through extensive evaluations, we show substantial improvements over existing alignment baselines that do not make use of subtitle text embeddings for learning. Our automatic alignment model opens up possibilities for advancing machine translation of sign languages via providing continuously synchronized video-text data.
- Published
- 2021
5. Signer diarisation in the wild
- Author
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Albanie, S, Varol, G, Momeni, L, Afouras, T, Brown, A, Zhang, C, Coto, E, Camgoz, NC, Saunders, B, Dutta, A, Fox, N, Bowden, R, Woll, B, and Zisserman, A
- Abstract
In this work, we propose a framework that enables collection of large-scale, diverse sign language datasets that can be used to train automatic sign language recognition models. The first contribution of this work is SDTRACK, a generic method for signer tracking and diarisation in the wild. Our second contribution is to show how SDTRACK can be used to automatically annotate 90 hours of British Sign Language (BSL) content featuring a wide range of signers, and including interviews, monologues and debates. Using SDTRACK, this data is annotated with 35K active signing tracks, with corresponding video-level signer identifiers and subtitles, and 40K automatically localised sign labels.
- Published
- 2021
6. Visual Keyword Spotting with Attention
- Author
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Prajwal, KR, Momeni, L, Afouras, T, and Zisserman, A
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computation and Language (cs.CL) - Abstract
In this paper, we consider the task of spotting spoken keywords in silent video sequences -- also known as visual keyword spotting. To this end, we investigate Transformer-based models that ingest two streams, a visual encoding of the video and a phonetic encoding of the keyword, and output the temporal location of the keyword if present. Our contributions are as follows: (1) We propose a novel architecture, the Transpotter, that uses full cross-modal attention between the visual and phonetic streams; (2) We show through extensive evaluations that our model outperforms the prior state-of-the-art visual keyword spotting and lip reading methods on the challenging LRW, LRS2, LRS3 datasets by a large margin; (3) We demonstrate the ability of our model to spot words under the extreme conditions of isolated mouthings in sign language videos., Comment: Appears in: British Machine Vision Conference 2021 (BMVC 2021)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Seeing wake words: Audio-visual Keyword Spotting
- Author
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Momeni, L, Afouras, T, Stafylakis, T, Albanie, S, and Zisserman, A
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS) ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
The goal of this work is to automatically determine whether and when a word of interest is spoken by a talking face, with or without the audio. We propose a zero-shot method suitable for ‘in the wild’ videos. Our key contributions are: (1) a novel convolutional architecture, KWS-Net, that uses a similarity map intermediate representation to separate the task into (i) sequence matching, and (ii) pattern detection, to decide whether the word is there and when; (2) we demonstrate that if audio is available, visual keyword spotting improves the performance both for a clean and noisy audio signal. Finally, (3) we show that our method generalises to other languages, specifically French and German, and achieves a comparable performance to English with less language specific data, by fine-tuning the network pre-trained on English. The method exceeds the performance of the previous state-of-the-art visual keyword spotting architecture when trained and tested on the same benchmark, and also that of a state-of-the-art lip reading method.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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8. Interaction of TiO2 nanoparticle with trypsin analyzed by kinetic and spectroscopic methods
- Author
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Momeni, L., primary, Shareghi, Behzad, additional, Saboury, A. A., additional, and Evini, M., additional
- Published
- 2016
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9. H, O and N interaction and reactivity on surfaces in laboratory and space
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Lemaire J.-H. Fillion F. Dulieua. Momeni L. Amiaud E.Matar H.Chaabouni E. Congiu V. Pirronello, J.-L., Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2007
10. A Low Latency Routing Algorithm for Irregular Mesh Network-on-Chip.
- Author
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Momeni, L., Rezazadeh, A., and Fathy, M.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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11. Insights into the molecular interaction between sucrose and α-chymotrypsin
- Author
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Farhadian S., Shareghi B., Momeni L., Abou-Zied O., Sirotkin V., Tachiya M., Saboury A., Farhadian S., Shareghi B., Momeni L., Abou-Zied O., Sirotkin V., Tachiya M., and Saboury A.
- Abstract
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. One of the most important purposes of enzyme engineering is to increase the thermal and kinetic stability of enzymes, which is an important factor for using enzymes in industry. The purpose of the present study is to achieve a higher thermal stability of α-chymotrypsin (α-Chy) by modification of the solvent environment. The influence of sucrose was investigated using thermal denaturation analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results point to the effect of sucrose in enhancing the α-Chy stability. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed one binding site that is dominated by static quenching. Molecular docking and MD simulation results indicate that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces play a major role in stabilizing the complex. Tm of this complex was enhanced due to the higher H-bond formation and the lower surface hydrophobicity after sucrose modification. The results show the ability of sucrose in protecting the native structural conformation of α-Chy. Sucrose was preferentially excluded from the surface of α-Chy which is explained by the higher tendency of water toward favorable interactions with the functional groups of α-Chy than with sucrose.
12. Experimental and theoretical investigations on the interaction of glucose molecules with myoglobin in the aqueous solution using theoretical and experimental methods.
- Author
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Eslami-Farsani R, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, and Momeni L
- Subjects
- Binding Sites, Molecular Docking Simulation, Protein Binding, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Thermodynamics, Water, Glucose, Myoglobin
- Abstract
Osmolytes are generally well-known for the stabilization of proteins. The stabilizing impact of glucose on the dynamics and structure of myoglobin was probed through molecular simulation' docking and spectroscopic procedures. Using thermal stability examinations, the thermodynamic folding properties, point of melting temp. ( T
m ), thermodynamic enthalpy change (Δ H °) and thermodynamic entropy change (Δ S °) were determined to find out the depiction of myoglobin folding. Glucose operated as an enhancer relative to myoglobin stabilization. The quenching static model was demonstrated by fluorescence spectroscopy. There was one binding site. According to the spectroscopy analysis, glucose was capable of protecting the native structural conformation of protein as well as preventing from protein unfolding. The fluorescence spectroscopy together with simulation through molecular docking method revealed that definitely hydrogen bonding plus van der Waals forces had major contributions to the stabilization of the myoglobin-glucose complex. Hence, the direct interactions contributed slightly to the stabilization impact whereas indirect interactions resulted from the hydration arise from a molecular mechanism primarily inducing the glucose stabilizing impacts. An elevation occurred in the Tm of the myoglobin-glucose complex because of the greater H-bond creation and limited surface hydrophobic activity. Our findings indicate that glucose was capable of protecting the native conformation of myoglobin, clearly describing that glucose stabilization is preferred to be omitted from myoglobin surface. This is because water is more inclined to provide desirable interacting with myoglobin functional groups as compared to glucose. Also, MD results confirmed that the structural changes of myoglobin is the effect of complex formation with glucose.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.- Published
- 2021
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13. The effect of putrescine on stability and structural properties of bovine serum albumin.
- Author
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Ziaee E, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, Momeni L, and Heibati-Goojani F
- Subjects
- Binding Sites, Molecular Docking Simulation, Protein Binding, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Thermodynamics, Putrescine, Serum Albumin, Bovine metabolism
- Abstract
Serum albumins are the abounding proteins in plasma. Their most important characteristic is that they act as carriers for a type of compound, for example, different drugs. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) is a single-chain polypeptide with 583 amino acids. Polyamines such as putrescine can interact with negatively charged molecules. The effect of putrescine on the structure of bovine serum albumin has been surveyed utilizing the method of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Thermal stability, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking at temperature 298 K and 308 K at pH 7.4 using Tris-HCl as a buffer. The complex formation between putrescine and bovine serum albumin was discovered as alter in the absorbance at 280 nm. The amount of absorption increases with the addition of putrescine. The adding of putrescine alters the bovine serum albumin and decrements the hydrophobicity of the micro-environment of the Trp residues in the inner hydrophobic zone. The static kind of quenching process was chiefly contained within the quenching of intrinsic emission of the protein. The fluorescence quenching details ( K
sv ) for complex bovine serum albumin-putrescine revealed one binding site for putrescine. The negative amount of Gibbs free energy change ( ΔG° ) suggested the binding operation was spontaneous.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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14. Insight into the binding of glycerol with myoglobin: Spectroscopic and MD simulation approach.
- Author
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Eslami-Farsani R, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, and Momeni L
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Animals, Horses, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Models, Theoretical, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Structure, Protein Binding, Structure-Activity Relationship, Thermodynamics, Glycerol chemistry, Molecular Docking Simulation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Myoglobin chemistry, Spectrum Analysis
- Abstract
Stability of proteins plays a significant role not only in their biological function but also in medical science and protein engineering. Since proteins are only stable in special conditions, maintaining their stability and function in biological and biotechnological applications may pose serious challenges. Osmolytes provide a general method of shielding proteins from the unfolding and aggregation caused by extreme stress on the environment. In such studies, the researchers used spectroscopic and simulation approaches to study the alterations of the myoglobin structure and stability in glycerol presence. Experimental results showed a stability improvement of the complex myoglobin-glycerol. After the addition of glycerol resulting in the initiation of hydrogen bonds and higher levels of hydrophobicity, the increase of the T
m was observed. The static mode quenching observed in this study. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bindings had a decisive and significant role concerning the stability of protein which was consistent with the modeling results. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the glycerol presence could enhance myoglobin stability. The consistency between the theoretical studies and experimental findings demonstrates that the method proposed in this study could provide a useful method for protein-ligand complex investigations., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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15. Noncovalent interactions of bovine trypsin with curcumin and effect on stability, structure, and function.
- Author
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Rajabi M, Farhadian S, Shareghi B, Asgharzadeh S, and Momeni L
- Subjects
- Animals, Binding Sites, Buffers, Cattle, Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Molecular Docking Simulation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Protein Binding, Protein Denaturation, Protein Stability, Protein Structure, Secondary, Solutions, Thermodynamics, Curcumin chemistry, Trypsin chemistry, Water chemistry
- Abstract
The structural studies of trypsin with curcumin in Tris-hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) buffer solution (pH 8.0) was explored by UV-vis spectroscopic and fluorescence quenching method, kinetic reaction, circular dichroism (CD), Thermal denaturation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation. The curcumin could decrease trypsin absorbance. It was showed that curcumin could quench the fluorescence of trypsin by static quenching mechanism. This is in agreement with UV-vis results and CD studies in which the α-helix becomes more, and β-sheet becomes less than trypsin without ligand. The binding constant, the number of binding sites and thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) at two temperatures were calculated. The hydrogen bond and Van der Waals interaction were found as the main forces, which is in congruence with docking results. The outcome of the kinetic reaction indicates an uncompetitive inhibition by curcumin on trypsin. Molecular Dynamic simulation and Thermal denaturation results demonstrate that curcumin makes trypsin unstable and more flexible., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Evaluation of maltose on conformation and activity parameters of trypsin.
- Author
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Rajabi M, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, and Momeni L
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Circular Dichroism, Kinetics, Molecular Docking Simulation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Protein Conformation, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Temperature, Maltose pharmacology, Trypsin chemistry, Trypsin metabolism
- Abstract
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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17. A molecular simulation and spectroscopic approach to the binding affinity between trypsin and 2-propanol and protein conformation.
- Author
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Momeni L, Shareghi B, Farhadian S, Vaziri S, Saboury AA, and Raisi F
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Hydrogen Bonding, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Spectrum Analysis, Thermodynamics, 2-Propanol metabolism, Molecular Docking Simulation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Trypsin chemistry, Trypsin metabolism
- Abstract
Increasing the stability and activity of enzymes is one of the most popular ideas in biochemistry studies. The current study focused on the interactions between 2-propanol as an osmolyte and trypsin to increase the enzyme thermal stability by the modification of the solvent environment. To determine the binding mechanism of 2-propanol with trypsin, fluorescence emission quenching was observed as a static mode of quenching upon the binding of 2-propanol to trypsin. With the formation of hydrogen bonds and lower hydrophobicity levels after the addition of 2-propanol, Tm of complexes were increased. Also, the α-helix content of trypsin was increased as obtained by far-UV CD. CD results analysis showed that there was no significant perturbation in the structure of trypsin upon an increase in the concentration of 2-propanol. Molecular docking results also indicated that 2-propanol could bind to trypsin and hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond contributions played the major role in this binding. Consequently, the results of the molecular dynamics simulation showed that the stability of trypsin-2 propanol was obtained to be about 2.5 nm in the equilibrium state, indicating the stability and rigidity of the trypsin-2 propanol complex. Upon 2-propanol conjugation, the residual activity of the enzyme was increased. 2-propanol, therefore, acted as a stabilizer and activator for trypsin., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Insights into the molecular interaction between sucrose and α-chymotrypsin.
- Author
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Farhadian S, Shareghi B, Momeni L, Abou-Zied OK, Sirotkin VA, Tachiya M, and Saboury AA
- Subjects
- Enzyme Stability, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Protein Denaturation, Chymotrypsin chemistry, Molecular Docking Simulation, Sucrose chemistry
- Abstract
One of the most important purposes of enzyme engineering is to increase the thermal and kinetic stability of enzymes, which is an important factor for using enzymes in industry. The purpose of the present study is to achieve a higher thermal stability of α-chymotrypsin (α-Chy) by modification of the solvent environment. The influence of sucrose was investigated using thermal denaturation analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results point to the effect of sucrose in enhancing the α-Chy stability. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed one binding site that is dominated by static quenching. Molecular docking and MD simulation results indicate that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces play a major role in stabilizing the complex. T
m of this complex was enhanced due to the higher H-bond formation and the lower surface hydrophobicity after sucrose modification. The results show the ability of sucrose in protecting the native structural conformation of α-Chy. Sucrose was preferentially excluded from the surface of α-Chy which is explained by the higher tendency of water toward favorable interactions with the functional groups of α-Chy than with sucrose., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The functional and structural stabilization of trypsin by sucrose.
- Author
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Momeni L, Mahmodian S, Shareghi B, Saboury AA, and Farhadian S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Entropy, Enzyme Stability drug effects, Molecular Docking Simulation, Protein Conformation, Sucrose metabolism, Sucrose pharmacology, Trypsin chemistry, Trypsin metabolism
- Abstract
Docking and spectroscopic techniques were performed to probe the stabilizing effect of sucrose on the dynamics, structure and activity of trypsin. The thermodynamic folding properties, melting temperature (T
m ), enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) were measured by thermal stability studies to understand the picture of trypsin folding. Sucrose acted as an enhancer for trypsin stability. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the static model of the quenching. The number of binding sites was 1. The Absorption, Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectral analysis illustrated that sucrose could protect the native structural conformation of enzyme and prevent the enzyme unfolding. Fluorescence spectroscopy and the molecular docking technique simulation displayed that the hydrogen bonding and Vander Waals forces played a main role in stabilizing the trypsin-sucrose complex, and the number of direct H-bonds between sucrose and trypsin was low; thus, the direct interactions had little contribution in the stabilizing effect and the indirect interactions caused by the preferential hydration were resulting from a molecular mechanism principally causing the stabilizing effects of sucrose.Upon sucrose conjugation, the kcat /Km value of the enzyme was increased. Tm of the trypsin-sucrose complex was increased due to the higher H-bond formation and the lower surface hydrophobicity after sucrose modification. Sucrose acted as enhancers for trypsin stability and activity. The result shows the ability of sucrose to protect the native structural conformation of trypsin. These results explicitly describe that stabilizing sucrose is preferentially excluded from the surface of trypsin, since water has a higher tendency toward favorable interactions with functional groups of trypsin than with sucrose., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
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20. Spectroscopic analysis of the interaction between NiO nanoparticles and bovine trypsin.
- Author
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Momeni L, Shareghi B, and Saboury AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Nanoparticles chemistry, Nickel chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Trypsin chemistry
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A spectroscopic and thermal stability study on the interaction between putrescine and bovine trypsin.
- Author
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Momeni L, Shareghi B, Saboury AA, Farhadian S, and Reisi F
- Subjects
- Animals, Catalytic Domain, Cattle, Entropy, Enzyme Stability, Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Kinetics, Molecular Docking Simulation, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Putrescine chemistry, Trypsin chemistry
- Abstract
The interaction of putrescine with bovine trypsin was investigated using steady state thermal stability, intrinsic fluorescence, UV-vis spectroscopy, far and near- UV circular dichroism and kinetic techniques, as well as molecular docking. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants for the trypsin- putrescine complex were calculated revealing that putrescine interacted with trypsin via the static fluorescence quenching. The enthalpy and entropy change values and the molecular docking technique revealed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces play a major role in the binding process. Upon putrescine conjugation, the V
max value and the kcat /Km values of the enzyme was increased. The results of UV absorbance, circular dichroism and fluorescence techniques demonstrated that the micro environmental changes in trypsin were induced by the binding of putrescine, leading to changes in its secondary structure. The thermal stability of trypsin- putrescine complex was enhanced more significantly, as compared to that of the native trypsin. The increased thermal stability of trypsin- putrescine complex might be due to the lower surface hydrophobicity and the higher hydrogen bond formation after putrescine modification, as reflected in the increase of UV absorbance and the quenching of fluorescence spectra. It was concluded that the binding of putrescine changed trypsin structure and function., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
22. Comparative Studies on the Interaction of Spermidine with Bovine Trypsin by Multispectroscopic and Docking Methods.
- Author
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Momeni L, Shareghi B, Saboury AA, and Farhadian S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Circular Dichroism, Kinetics, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Thermodynamics, Molecular Docking Simulation, Spermidine chemistry, Trypsin chemistry
- Abstract
The effect of spermidine on the kinetics, conformation, and dynamics of native trypsin was studied by steady-state thermal stability, intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and kinetic techniques, as well as molecular docking, at the temperatures of 298 and 308 K. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants (Ksv) for the trypsin-spermidine complex were obtained at two temperatures, revealing that spermidine quenched the intensity of trypsin through the static mode of the quenching mechanism. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free-energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes, showed that the binding process was spontaneous. These values and the molecular docking technique revealed that the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces played a major role in stabilizing the complex. CD, absorption, and fluorescence results also indicated that spermidine binding had a partial effect on trypsin structure. Spermidine could also influence the activity of trypsin. Upon spermidine binding, the Vmax value of the enzyme was increased and the kcat/Km values were enhanced slightly. The Tm of the trypsin-spermidine complex was enhanced probably due to the higher H-bond formation and lower surface hydrophobicity after spermidine modification, as confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectra. UV absorption and CD studies also indicated that the binding of spermidine to trypsin had induced microenvironmental changes around the enzyme, leading to changes in its secondary structure.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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