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The aim of this study is to suggest a technique to improve the retention of the prosthesis in grossly resorbed ridge and minimize the trauma of thin, atrophic knife edge ridge with severe undercuts. Significant numbers of patients seek treatment for edentulism throughout the world. In the current scenario, implant retained/supported prostheses have been considered a standard of care for rehabilitation of completely edentulous patients, but still this treatment modality is out of reach of many patients due to economic factor. In such patients, conventional removable complete dentures are considered for functional rehabilitation. However, in some of the patients with grossly resorbed ridges and knife edge ridges or ridges with severe undercuts, these prostheses have compromised retention and also continuously causes trauma to knife edge ridges and mucosa covering the undercuts during insertion and removal of the prosthesis thereby reducing the compliance of the patient. By incorporating, a layer of resilient permanent silicone soft liner on the tissue surface of a new or old denture is a novel way to reduce the trauma of thin and severe undercut ridges and also improve the retention of the prosthesis. This study described the successful functional rehabilitation of three completely edentulous patients with grossly resorbed, thin knife edge, and severe undercut mandibular ridges with permanent silicone soft liner. Permanent silicone soft liner act as a shock absorber, helps in equal dissipation of occlusal stresses, maintains an intimate contact with the underlying tissues and compressed during function thereby increasing retention and minimizing trauma by preventing a direct contact of hard denture base with compromised tissues.

Aim The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of denture cleansers on resiliency of soft liner. Materials and methods Two soft liners (Molloplast-B and Refit) and two denture cleansers (Clinsodent and Fittydent) were taken. Cylindrical aluminum dies were constructed of 12 mm length and 8 mm diameter at the ratio of 1.5:1. The samples are tested with Hounsfield tensometer. Observation and results Effect of both the denture cleansers on the lining materials was shown in the form of Graphs 1 and 2. The elastic recovery of Molloplast B in dry, Fittydent and Clinsodent is comparatively more than refit, but in control group the elastic recovery of both the material is almost equal. Conclusion Heat processed soft liners recover faster/better in a shorter time interval when compared to self-processed liners which takes longer time for the recovery. This time period is very important as the cushioning effect of the soft liner require an elastic recovery between the masticatory strokes. Clinical implications Greater the softness and better the elastic recovery of the denture soft liner, more effective would be its performance clinically. Silicon based material, such as Molloplast-B, rebounds quickly and would seem preferable to a material that is acrylic based. It is possible that, if the response is too slow or the elastic recovery is less, there may only be a partial recovery of the lining between the masticatory strokes. Progressive thinning of the lining materials might then occur resulting in a reduced cushioning effect.

Soft denture lining materials were immersed into solutions of denture cleansers for 8 h at room temperature, and immersed into distilled water for the remainder of the 24-h period at 37 degrees C. Surface roughness of the soft denture lining materials was measured by contact type surface roughness instrument. For the colour stability test, soft denture lining materials were immersed in the denture cleansers as described above for 180 days. Finally, the colour changes of each material were quantitatively measured by a photometrical instrument to obtain the colour differences between newly processed specimen and immersed specimens (P < 0.01). An autopolymerizing silicone material, Evatouch, exhibited severe changes in surface roughness by all denture cleanser, and the generic material GC Denture Relining showed the minimal changes. Severe colour changes were also observed with some liner and cleanser combinations (P < 0.01). Except for Evatouth, the four silicone soft liners were more stable in surface roughness and in colour change than the two acrylic soft liners. One autopolymerizing silicone (GC denture relining) and one heat curing silicone (Molloplast B) demonstrated the best stability.

The bond strength of two heat-cured and four cold-cured soft lining materials was compared using a peeling test method before and after thermocycling. Tested soft lining materials were Molloplast B, Mollosil, Ufigel P, Ufigel C, Permaquick and Permaflex. Six specimens, 6.5 x 2 x 0.3 cm, for each group were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Control groups were stored in a humidor for 24 h, whereas the others were thermocycled in a water bath between the 5 and 55 degrees C for 5000 cycles. Peel strength of samples were measured using an Instron Universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 5 mm min-1. The types of failure were observed using an electron microscope. The highest peel bond strength values were calculated for Permaflex and Permaquick before and after thermocycling, respectively. Molloplast B, Mollosil, Ufigel P and Permaquick demonstrated an increase in peel strength after thermocycling, with Permaquick lining material having statistically significant increase. However, decrease in peel strength was observed for Ufigel C and Permaflex after thermocycling. Failure mode within the control groups was cohesive for Molloplast B, Permaquick and Permaflex, whereas adhesive for Ufigel P and Ufigel C. Mollosil demonstrated a mixed mode of failure for both thermocycled and control groups.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare color, texture, and Shore A hardness of a resilient silicone denture liner with as-polymerized, roughened, or pumiced surfaces after treatment with perborate-, persulfate-, or hypochlorite-containing denture cleansers at 25 degrees or 55 degrees. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-eight specimens that each exhibited an as-polymerized, a roughened, and a pumiced area were exposed to 5 different commercially available perborate-, persulfate-, or hypochlorite-containing denture cleansers at 25 degrees or 55 degrees continuously for 4 (1/2) months. The solutions were replaced twice a day. Control specimens were soaked in water with no cleanser. Before and after the 4 (1/2) -month cleaning regimen, the color, hardness, and texture of resilient liner surfaces were evaluated using a color densitometer, a Shore A durometer (Shore Instrument & Mfg Co, Freeport, NY), and a surface profilometer, respectively. Differences among groups after the cleanser treatment were determined using a repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05) and a Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference post hoc test. RESULTS Roughened specimen surfaces after 25 degrees or 55 degrees cleanser treatment exhibited significant color loss with some perborate-containing cleansers compared with the control. Roughened specimens treated at 55 degrees with perborate-containing cleansers also exhibited significantly greater color loss than those treated with the persulfate-containing cleanser. With roughened surfaces, significantly greater hardness was found with some perborate-containing cleanser compared with a hypochlorite-containing cleanser after treatment at 25 degrees. No differences were observed in surface texture based upon cleanser treatment. CONCLUSION After silicone resilient denture liner treatment with certain perborate-containing denture cleansers, a greater amount of components could leach from the liner leading to a loss of color if the liner surface is rough.

The aim of this study was to measure the colour stability and viscoelastic properties of three commercially available soft lining materials in vitro, by exposing them to 3% erythrosine, tartrazine and sunset yellow solutions. The colour changes were determined using a computer controlled spectrophotometer. The colour change of three soft lining materials--Molloplast B, Flexor and Coe Super Soft--were determined after 1, 3 and 6 months storage in three different food colorant solutions. The colour changes of Molloplast B was not noticeable. Only the initial colour value of Flexor was significantly different from the other time interval colour measurements. On the other hand, the colour difference of Coe Super Soft was found to be significantly different at all comparative time interval measurements (P

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simulated ageing on the physical properties of some soft denture liners. The hardness, tensile strength and percentage elongation values were determined before and after ageing treatment. At the end of the experimental ageing process softening was observed only in Simpa and Ufigel L materials. It was established that ageing had insignificant effect on the hardness of other materials. It can be presumed that there will not be significant time-related changes in the hardness of these materials. Molloplast B preserved its highest value after the ageing process, whilst that of Simpa decreased to become comparable with Ufigel P.

The use of penetrometry for the assessment of materials employed for soft earmoulds is investigated. Selected test conditions are used for the characterisation of 10 materials of five types (cold-cured methacrylate, heat-cured methacrylate, heat-cured silicone, polyvinyl chloride co-polymer and polyethylene co-polymer) used in clinical practice. The results are compared with the outcome of subjective assessments surveyed for four representative materials. The effect of ageing is assessed for a heat-cured silicone (Molloplast B) and a heat-cured methacrylate (Coe Super-Soft).

WOS: 000257977000016, PubMed ID: 18717174, Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performance of four denture soft liners up to 12 months. Materials and methods: Thirty-three edentulous patients who experienced difficulties when using hard denture bases because of changes in denture-supporting tissues were accepted for the study and randomly received Molloplast B, GC Reline Soft, Silagum Comfort, or Mollosil Plus relines. Performance of the materials was evaluated using nine criteria at 3, 6, and 12 months: physical integrity, surface detail, adhesion, color, odor, plaque accumulation, resilience, hygiene, and mucosal condition. A four-point categorized scale (1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good, 4=excellent) was used. Unscheduled maintenance events and the presence of fungal colonization were also recorded. Results: The percentage of patients available at 3, 6, and 12 months were 91%, 91%, and 66%. Main reasons for dropouts and discontinuation were fractured dentures and patient dissatisfaction. At 6 months, 96% of the performance scores were good or excellent and the largest changes were observed for physical integrity, surface detail, color, and fungal colonization. Fungal colonization was the most commonly observed problem and was the only reason of failure at 12 months. Conclusions: The clinical performance of all soft liners was slightly impaired over the 12-month observation. Except for cases showing extensive fungal colonization, the observed changes in clinical performance did not necessitate remaking of the dentures. Mollosil Plus showed a performance comparable to that of Molloplast B, and the other materials had slightly lower performance especially in terms of fungal colonization.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the color stability of three acrylic based hard liners (Ufi gel hard, Dura-Liner II, Tokuso Rebase) and two silicone based soft liners (Ufi gel permanent, Molloplast B) by using the colorimeter.Methods: Sixty disc-shaped samples, with uniform size of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm in thickness were fabricated for each material. Thirty samples were made as control group in distilled water and the remaining thirty samples were weathered in accelerated aging chamber. Color measurements were made before and after distilled water and aging. Data were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results: Data showed that there are significant differences among materials in both after distilled water and aging treatments (P>.001). These results indicated that the most discolored liner material was Dura Liner II after aging (ΔE*=16.30) and the least discolored material was Ufi gel permanent after distilled water (ΔE*=0.41).Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, silicone based liner materials are considered to be more color stable than acrylic based liner materials. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:144-151)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Candida albicans biofilm formation on soft liners prepared against two surfaces with different properties. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Four soft liners (Molloplast B, Permafleks, Elite-soft, Ufi Gel P) were prepared against glass or dental plaster surfaces (5x5x2 mm; n=5). The surface roughness and contact angle of the soft liner specimens were measured. Candida albicans ATCC 10231 was grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) at 37 °C for 24 h. For biofilm formation, the specimens were incubated in polystrene wells together with fresh SDB and the C. albicans culture at 37 °C for 48 h. The specimens were stained with 0.1% crystal violet and dehydrated at 65 °C. The quantification of the C. albicans biofilm formation was performed spectrophotometrically. Comparison of the surface roughness, contact angle and biofilm formation between the materials was done using one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Correlation between surface roughness, contact angle and biofilm formation on the specimens prepared against glass or plaster surfaces was performed using Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: Specimens prepared against plaster showed significantly higher surface roughness, contact angle and biofilm formation values in comparison to those prepared against glass surface (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the soft liners tested in this study had similar surface topographic properties, they showed different amounts of C. albicans biofilm formation. Smooth surfaces were found to reduce the biofilm formation.

To evaluate the initial bonding properties of recently and previously introduced soft relining materials to denture base polymers with different polymerization techniques and different water content.The initial tensile bond strength of 10 soft liners (Mollosil Plus, Dentusil, Ufi gel Soft, GC Reline Soft, Silagum Comfort, Vertex Soft, Astron Soft, Molloplast B, Flexacryl Soft, Triad Resiline) to three denture base polymers (Paladon 65, Palapress Vario, Ivocap Plus) were assessed with a modified method. Paladon 65 specimens immersed in water for 3 months were also used to test the effect of water content of denture base polymer on bond strength results. After testing, a visual examination of the fracture surfaces and a SEM investigation of the interface structure were performed. Tensile strength of each soft liner material was also tested. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05).Significant differences were found among tensile bond strength results (P0.05). Vinyl poly(organosiloxane) soft liners (Mollosil Plus, Dentusil, Ufi gel Soft, GC Reline Soft, Silagum Comfort) and a plasticized PMMA soft liner (Vertex Soft) gave statistically similar bond strength results for different denture base polymers (P0.05). For the other materials used (Astron Soft, Molloplast B, Flexacryl Soft, Triad Resiline), different denture base polymers caused significantly different results (P0.05). Poly(organosiloxane) based materials gave slightly higher bond strength results with water immersed specimens than with the dry specimens.A wide variety of newly formulated soft liners used in this study gave comparable or better bond strength results compared to Molloplast B.

Purpose: Six resilient denture liners (RDL) were exposed to two immersion effervescent denture cleansers to evaluate change in compliance over a simulated 1 year time interval. Materials and Methods: Ten samples of each material, Molloplast B, Mollosil, MPDS-SL, Permasoft, Softline, and Sofreliner were exposed to either Fixodent or Efferdent denture cleanser. A cyclic load was applied in a squarewave fashion to derive a load displacement curve to measure compliance at 0, 7, 30, 180, and 360 simulated days. Results: All 12 of the material/cleanser combinations demonstrated a significant change in compliance at each time interval relative to baseline. Mollosil had the greatest increase in flexibility from baseline, and MPDS-SL had the smallest increase in flexibility. In general, chairside materials demonstrated greater change in compliance from baseline compared to laboratory materials. Materials subjected to Fixodent cleanser, when averaged over time, were significantly more flexible than materials exposed to Efferdent cleanser. Conclusions: Exposure of resilient soft liners to two common cleansers resulted in a significant increase in flexibility. This change in flexibility depended slightly, though significantly, on the type of cleanser, and appeared to be more significant with time. In general, chairside materials seemed to change more than laboratory-processed liners. The exception was Permasoft that was fabricated as a laboratory material but behaved like a chairside material. Clinical Significance: The initiator of the polymerization reaction rather than the mode of polymerization may be more important in predicting a change in the flexibility of RDLs. Constituents within the oral environment may be more responsible for changes in RDL flexibility than denture cleansers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate some clinically relevant properties of Clearfit LC, a newly developed polyisoprene-based light-curing lining material. Its properties were compared with those of other four commercial products.Five soft lining materials, Clearfit LC, two plasticised acrylics (Super-soft, Soften) and two silicones (Molloplast B, Sofreliner) were used to determine water sorption, solubility, staining resistance, Shore A hardness and shear bond strength to denture base. Five specimens for each test were fabricated. The results of each test among the five materials were compared by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test at alpha=0.05.One-way ANOVA of each test showed that the differences among five materials were significant (P0.05). Clearfit LC showed the intermediate water sorption and solubility (10.07; 1.72 microg/mm(3)). It also showed the lowest color change in beta-carotene/olive oil solution and instant coffee solution (DeltaE=1.19, 5.48, respectively). The shear bond strength of Clearfit LC was 1.56MPa, and no adhesive failure was found. Its Shore A hardness value (56.2) was located between two acrylics and silicones. It was also found that the softer materials tend to failure cohesively.The polyisoprene-based lining material showed low water sorption and solubility, moderate softness, high staining resistance and satisfactory shear bond strength to denture base resin. It also provides clinicians sufficient working time due to its light-curing property. It would be an attractive alternative as a relining material.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of application of ozone with different durations on the bond strength between PMMA and soft liner material.Materials and Methods: The soft liner tested in this study was a heat processed silicone-based material, Molloplast B (ML) (Detax, Ettlingen, Germany), and the denture base material was a heat-cured poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) acrylic resin material (Meliodent, Bayer Dental, Newbury, UK). Four sample groups were formed and each of them consisted of 5 specimens. Groups of 2, 3, and 4 were performed ozone gaseous 40, 80,120 s respectively. But not group 1.Results: Group 4 revealed the lowest strength 28.60±1.51, being statistically different from those of the specimens in the other groups (p, Objectives: To investigate the effects of application of ozone with different durations on the bond strength between PMMA and soft liner material Materials and Methods: The soft liner tested in this study was a heat processed silicone-based material, Molloplast B (ML) (Detax, Ettlingen, Germany), and the denture base material was a heat-cured poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) acrylic resin material (Meliodent, Bayer Dental, Newbury, UK). Four sample groups were formed and each of them consisted of 5 specimens. Groups of 2, 3, and 4 were performed ozone gaseous 40, 80,120 s respectively. But not group 1Results: Group 4 revealed the lowest strength 28.60±1.51, being statistically different from those of the specimens in the other groups (p

The construction of complete denture prosthesis for a geriatric patient with grossly resorbed mandible has always been a challenge to our profession. Poor mandibular ridges accompanied by thin and atrophic oral mucous membrane leads to increased bruising and damage under occlusal loading. Nutrition and diet play an important role in all edentulous patients, but particularly with the geriatric patient. This case report presents a conservative prosthodontic option that includes a modifi ed fi nal impression technique using admixed compound followed by permanent lining of the mandibular denture with a heat-cure silicone-based resilient soft liner along with dietary counseling.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine and describe the deformation behaviour of five denture soft lining materials under dynamic cyclic loading over a range of applied forces using apparatus designed to simulate masticatory performance. Methods: Five lining materials were tested over 5-min periods using an Instron tensile testing machine that was modified to measure load and strain semi-continuously during cyclic loading. Results: Strain energy and strain energy densities and moduli values for each material were calculated. The strain energy absorbed at separate times during the cycling period demonstrated the elastic behaviour of the materials over the 5-min simulated chewing cycle. Conclusions: All materials demonstrated elastic but not perfectly linearly elastic behaviour over the chosen loading and cycling frequency. Molloplast B absorbed most energy at the lower testing loads and Novus absorbed most energy at the higher loads.

A 6-year retrospective investigation elicited patient response to wearing Molloplast-B-lined dentures with the following results: 1. For nearly all the patients wearing a Molloplast-B-lined denture, their ability to wear it comfortably outweighs its disadvantages. 2. Nearly all the patients (95.4%) would elect to have a new soft-lined denture should their present one need replacement. 3. Nearly all the patients (93%) thought that their soft-lined dentures were more comfortable than their previous conventional acrylic resin ones. 4. Molloplast-B-lined dentures offered comfort to a significant number of patients in this study who had had a history of chronic discomfort with the wearing of conventional acrylic resin dentures. 5. The presence of a retracted tongue habit is likely to decrease the patient's satisfaction with the dentures.

The use of Molloplast-B within the abutments of mandibular overdentures is an easy and inexpensive method for increasing retention and stability of dentures. The use of a retentive area prepared in natural tooth structure increases retentive capabilities for the overdenture patient. Unlike some silicone denture liners, Molloplast-B has shown an inhibitory effect to the growth of Candida albicans. Molloplast-B can be used in the conventional overdenture method or as described for an immediate overdenture. This type of overdenture can be relined easily to adjust for changes in mouth architecture. How well this material will retain its shape and consistency needs to be observed.

A detailed description of the laboratory processing procedures for Molloplast-B-lined dentures that varies from those offered by the manufacturer has proved to be effective. 1 The processing technique for MolloplastB-lined dentures is very sensitive, consequently, no steps should be omitted. Because these procedures are time-consuming, the minimal time required is 3 full working days in the laboratory.

Mycotic flora was studied from the dentures and denture bearing mucosae of 39 persons who wore soft-lined (Molloplast B) mandibular dentures and heat-cured acrylic resin maxillary dentures. Fungal growth was detected in 85% of the mandibular dentures and in 44% of the maxillary dentures (p less than 0.001). On the mandibular mucosa fungal growth was revealed in 74% and on the mucosa of the maxilla in 69%. In connection with inflamed mucosae fungal growth was always detected on the mandibular denture and on the mandibular mucosa in 93% as well as on the maxillary denture in 50% and on the maxillary mucosa in 75%. Considering the healthy mandibular mucosa fungus was found in 75% on the mandibular dentures and in 62% on the mucous membranes. In connection with healthy maxillary mucosae the corresponding figures were 42% and 68%. The specimens revealed 7 different yeasts and 2 moulds. The most common fungi were Candida albicans (86%), Torulopsis glabrata (31%), and C. tropicalis (14%). The uncured Molloplast material caused a definite inhibition of candida growth in vitro, while the cured material indicated no growth inhibition.

A 6-year retrospective investigation was conducted into the serviceability of Molloplast-B-lined dentures with the following results: The Molloplast-B-lined denture is not a temporary expedient but can remain serviceable for a time competitive with that of conventional acrylic resin dentures. All the soft liners were still serviceable after 4 years and 83% after 6 years. The longevity of the soft liner is dependent on correct processing procedures and proper home care. The three liners judged as unserviceable exhibited excessive wrinkling, and all had been soaked in a bleach-type cleanser. The resilience of the liner is dependent on its thickness. The optimum thickness is approximately 3 mm. The resilience of the liner did not decrease with time. No noticeable wear of the soft liner was observed. Staining was present in about half the soft liners. Smoking was commonly associated with staining and odor of the soft liner.