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The field of urban agriculture has seen an increase in development and attention in recent years, with a large share of literature addressing whether urban agriculture may pose a solution for food insecurity and combat environmental impacts. However, few studies have examined the many sustainability claims of urban agriculture systems, especially for urban farms intended for larger output and commercial ends. In this study, we analyze sustainability assessments of urban agriculture for commercial implementation. We do this by exploring the methods employed for conducting sustainability analyses, outlining the different urban agriculture cultivation systems, analyzing which sustainability aspects are considered, looking into what the sustainability analyses conclude, and studying how authors anticipate the knowledge gained from their sustainability assessments can be used. Environmental aspects of sustainability were more often assessed than other sustainability aspects, and LCA research practice was used for the majority of environmental assessments. Some studies compared the environmental benefits of different types of urban agriculture systems, but this was not conclusive overall as to what systems would be more environmentally beneficial. This suggests that urban agriculture’s sustainability cannot be universally categorized but should be assessed in relation to specific environmental conditions and urban contexts. Future research should aim to develop more nuanced frameworks for evaluating the environmental, social, economic and governance impacts of urban agriculture., QC 20240830

Food production and consumption significantly contribute to climate change. The public sector, which procures large quantities of food, has a crucial role in steering toward more sustainable food systems. More empirical studies involving practitioners are called for to understand the complexity of sustainable public food procurement. This study examines how actors interpret and implement sustainability in food procurement, as well as their influence on this process. A comprehensive analysis of multi-actor collaboration and stakeholder engagement involving interviews with key actors such as procurement officers, wholesalers, chefs, and food producers is presented. Findings highlight a consensus on the need for sustainability measures, such as purchasing local and organic products. The results showcase the potential transformation of power dynamics within the supply chain in response to modifications in procurement standards toward local produce and the overuse of product-specific criteria. However, assuming that local is invariably sustainable carries the risk of falling into the “local trap” when the consequence of procuring local varies and requires further investigation. The influence of system-level factors, including market dynamics and regulatory frameworks, plays a significant role in implementing sustainable procurement, as well as alignment and coordination in the supply chain., QC 20240617

Den här studien har genomförts av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och undersöker miljöpåverkan av återanvändbara förpackningar för take-away mat och dryck. Rapporten fungerar som underlag till ett Regeringsuppdrag som genomförs av Naturvårdsverket och Livsmedelsverket för att ta fram vägledning och riktlinjer för verksamheter gällande återanvändbara muggar och matlådor (M2021/02087). I den nya förordningen (2021:996) om engångsprodukter, lyfts ökade krav på återanvändning av förpackningar till januari 2024 och även att system ska registreras hos Naturvårdsverket. Där finns även krav på aktörer att informera deras kunder om miljöpåverkan av användning av engångsförpackningar samt om fördelar av minskad förbrukning av dessa. Naturvårdsverket har beställt denna studie för att ta framkunskapsunderlag inom miljöpåverkan av flergångsförpackningar för att visa upp fördelar gentemot engångsförpackningar, baserat på hela livscykeln från allt från tillverkning av flergångsförpackningar till flera användningscyklar, och sen avfallshantering. Materialval för muggar som analyserades är fossil plast, bioplast, och stål, och för matlådor fossil plast, bioplast, glas och stål. En systemanalys (LCA) tillämpades för att svara på följande frågor i studien: På vilket sätt (när och hur) medhavda återanvändbara muggar och matlådor bör användas Vilka material i återanvändbara muggar och matlådor som bör användas för att uppnå störst miljönytta Resultatet visar att råvaruutvinningen dominerar för alla materialalternativ, utom för fossil plast där även förbränningen i avfallsskedet har en betydande klimatpåverkan. Om inte hänsyn tas till att glas eller stål kan användas fler gånger än plast blir glas och stål mycket sämre än plast på grund av större vikt och för att stål också har en större klimatpåverkan per kg material vid tillverkningen av materialet. Det studien ändå signalerar är att fossil-baserad plast (i denna studie PP) sannolikt är det sämsta materialet, This study is reported by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute on behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and investigates the environmental impact of reusable packaging for takeaway food and beverages. The report serves as a basis for a government assignment carried out by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the National Food Agency to produce guidance and guidelines for reusable food boxes and cups (M2021/02087). In the new regulation (2021: 996) on disposable products, increased requirements for reuse of packaging are in place from January 2024 including registration of reuse systems at the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. There are also requirements for actors to inform their customers about the environmental impact of the use of disposable packaging and about the benefits of reduced consumption of the packaging. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has commissioned this study to develop knowledge on the environmental impact of reusable packaging and to show advantages of these over single-use packaging, based on the entire life cycle from the manufacture of reusable packaging to several use cycles, and waste management. Materials that were analyzed for mugs are fossil-based plastics, bioplastics, and steel, and for boxes materials are fossil-based plastics, bioplastics, glass, and steel. A system analysis (LCA) was applied to answer the following questions in the study: How (when and how) brought reusable cups and lunchboxes should be used? Which materials for reusable cups and lunchboxes should be used to maximize environmental benefits? Results show that raw material extraction dominates for all material alternatives, except for fossil plastics where the incineration in the waste stage also has a significant climate impact. If not accounting for the fact that glass or steel can be used more times than plastic, glass and steel have a much higher impact than plastic due to higher weight since steel also has a gre, C740

Den här rapporten är skriven inom ramen för projektet The Swedish Wool Initiative, som finansieras av Vinnova och drivs av Axfoundation. Projektet syftar till att öka svensk ulls konkurrenskraft och att bidra till en mer hållbar och cirkulär textilindustri. I projektet ingår olika aktörer från den svenska industrin ochvärdekedjan av svensk ull, samt aktörer från forskning och innovation. Rapporten beskriver resultatet av ett arbetspaket inom projektet som har fokuserat på hållbarheten av svensk ull. Studien har syftat till att ge bakgrund till hur tidigare studier rapporterar kring hållbarheten av ull, dels vad gäller olika metodval som används, dels kring rapporterade resultat av hållbarheten. Baserat på detta lyfts i rapporten potentiella luckor från tidigare studier och pekar på vad som kan tas hänsyn till i framtida studier. Vidare görs en jämförelse mellan rapporterade resultat av svensk produktion och den i andra länder. I genomgången av tidigare studier som undersöker hållbarheten av ull inom primärproduktionen och till gårdsgrind, fanns att en funktionell enhet per kgvanligtvis används. Att använda en funktionell enhet per kg har dock kritiserats då den inte tar hänsyn till funktionen av fibern. För en mer nyanserad jämförelse mellan olika fibertyper bör den funktionella enheten innehålla ett mått som relaterar till dess kvalitet och slitstyrka. För de studier som undersökte ullplagg användes vanligen en funktionell enhet som inkluderar en specifik vikt på plaggetoch som relaterar till dess livstid, vilket är att föredra eftersom det möjliggör att funktionen av olika plagg går att jämföra. De flesta genomgångna studier hanterar allokering av biprodukter med en eller flera allokeringsmetoder för att fördela miljöpåverkan. Val av allokeringsfaktor visade sig variera stort mellan studierna och hade stor inverkan på resultatet. I de studier som rörde svensk lammproduktion allokerades ingen eller en mycket liten del av miljöpåverkan till ullen, på grund av den lå, This report is written within the Swedish Wool Initiative project, funded by Vinnova. The project aims at increasing the competitiveness for Swedish wool and contributing to a more sustainable and circular textile industry through developing circular products based on discarded Swedish wool. Apart from project leader Axfoundation, project partners include actors from the textile industry, supply chain as well as from research and innovation. The report describes the results of a working package focusing on the sustainability of Swedish wool. The study aimed at looking into methodological choices applied in sustainability assessments of sheep and wool production, as well as to investigate results of sustainability impact assessments of the production. Based on this, the study aimed to highlight potentially missing aspects in previous assessments as well as to compare the impacts of Swedish production in relation to production in other countries. For studies assessing wool at farm-gate, a functional unit of per kg of greasy wool was found to be a common choice. Using such functional unit has been criticized for not relating to the function of the fiber which for comparison should be expanded to include its quality and durability. For the reviewed assessments of woolen garments, these were commonly assessed from a cradle to grave perspective, with a functional unit including a definition of a specific weight as well as lifetime, which is preferable as this makes it possible to compare the function of different garments. Concerning handling multi-functionality of production systems, most studies were found to apply one or several allocation strategies to distribute the environmental burdens between the by-products. The choice of allocation factors was found to vary substantially between the reviewed studies which had large implications on overall results. Studies covering Swedish production were found to apply a low or no allocation to wool, due to the low economic re

Around 30 % of today's anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions originate from the food sector. Food production is the lead cause of deforestation, biodiversity loss, depletion of fish stocks, and scarcity of fresh water. The planetary resources rapidly decrease with a continually growing population demanding resourceintense food, such as dairy and animal protein. The global production of calories satisfies human needs, but while some suffer from hunger, even more, suffer from overweight or obesity. For a food system to be sustainable, it must not negatively impact the three pillars of sustainability, i.e., economic, environmental, and social. One of the main challenges for the food system is to reduce the environmental impact to operate and stay within the planetary boundaries. Three million public meals are served daily in Sweden. Public procurement has been recognized as a powerful tool with potential to promote quality and educate change. Previous research has shown that implementing sustainability criteria in the procurement document leads to an increase in certified products in procurements. The National Agency for Public Procurement (NAPP) in Sweden provides a library with sustainability criteria on different levels and for almost all commonly bought products. Active work with sustainability and applying sustainability criteria in procurement can contribute to pupils education health and a further sustainable food system. In this thesis, I frame sustainable procurement through a systematic review of academic literature and interviews with Swedish practitioners who buy or sell food products through public procurements. Furthermore, I elaborate on the Swedish actors' experienced ability to influence the procurements, the use of sustainability criteria, and barriers and opportunities toward a further sustainable food system using public procurement. The goal is to examine possible ways toward a more sustainable food system through public procurement. The results s, Cirka 30 % av de antropogena växthusgaserna härstammar från livsmedelssektorn. Produktion av livsmedel är den ledande orsaken till avskogning, förlorad biodiversitet, utfiskning och brist på färskvatten. Planetens resurser minskar i snabb takt med den ständigt växande populationen som kräver en resursintensiv kost så som mejeriprodukter och kött. Även om den globala produktionen av kalorier tillfredsställer befolkningen lider många människor av hungersnöd och ännu fler till antalet är överviktiga. För att ett livsmedelsystem skall kunna räknas som hållbart får det inte ha en negativ effekt på någon av de tre dimensionerna av hållbarhet. Om vi skall hålla oss inom de planetära gränserna är det nödvändigt att minska miljöpåverkan från livsmedelsystemet avsevärt. Det serveras dagligen tre miljoner måltider i offentlig sektor i Sverige. Offentlig upphandling har blivit uppmärksammat som ett kraftfullt verktyg med potential att bidra till ökad kvalitet och lärande om hållbarhet. Tidigare forskning har visat att användande av hållbarhetskriterier i upphandlingsdokumentet leder till mer hållbara upphandlingar. Upphandlingsmyndigheten i Sverige tillhandahåller ett kriteriebibliotek, med hållbarhetskriterier som kan ställas på olika nivåer. Det finns kriterier för de flesta vanligt köpta produkterna. Genom en systematisk litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga artiklar och intervjuer med svenska aktörer inom offentlig livsmedeslupphandling, skapar jag i den här avhandlingen en bild av hur aktörer definierar en hållbar livsmedelsupphandling. Jag vill också undersöka hur de svenska aktörerna upplever sin egen förmåga att påverka upphandlingsprocessen, om de avvänder hållbarhetskriterier, samt vilka hinder och vilken potential de identifierar på vägen mot ett hållbart livsmedelssystem. Avhandlingen avser att öka kunskapen om och undersöka olika vägar mot ett mer hållbart livsmedelsystem genom offentlig upphandling. Resultatet visar att både den studerade vetenskapliga litteraturen oc, QC 20230530, Influencing Sustainable Food Consumption through the use of Sustainable Procurement Criteria

Public procurement has been recognized as a tool to promote more sustainable production and consumption practices. As such, an increasing body of literature has become available in recent years focusing on the sustainable public procurement of food. This article reviews the literature on the sustainable public procurement of food with the aim to analyze how sustainability is framed. This is done by analyzing what aspects of sustainability are emphasized and what practices are identified as sustainable. A systematic literature review was conducted between the years 2000 and 2020, identifying 103 articles. Results from the literature review indicate that the focus has primarily been on studies to evaluate and explore policy and good practices for procuring sustainable foods. A dominant focus on specific foods types and origins, e.g., those locally sourced and organic foods, is highlighted by a large share of the literature to address all three sustainability pillars. We observed that most articles focus on all three pillars of sustainability (environmental, social, and economic), addressing different aspects and types of foods, although the focus varied depending upon geographic location. Despite many studies identifying opportunities and potential, few articles assess the sustainability or outcomes of procurement processes through quantitative or qualitative methods or how actors in the procurement process can improve procurement toward more sustainable foods. This indicates a need for further case studies and guidelines to measure the development, progress, and performance of public food procurement., QC 20220111

Vertical farming has emerged in urban areas as an approach to provide more resilient food production. However, a substantial share of the material requirements come from outside their urban environments. With urban environments producing a large share of residual and waste streams, extensive potential exists to employ these material and energy streams as inputs in urban farming systems to promote more circular economy approaches. The aim of this article is to assess the environmental performance of employing residual material flows for vertical hydroponic farming in urban environments in order to support more circular, resilient, and sustainable urban food supply. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to assess replacing conventional growing media and fertilizers with urban residual streams. Paper, compost, and brewers' spent grains were assessed for replacements to conventional gardening soil employed in the studied system. Biogas digestate was also assessed as a replacement for conventional fertilizers used in the recirculating water bath. The results suggest that large environmental performance benefits are illustrated when conventional growing media is replaced. Although not as significant, employing fertilizers from residual urban streams also leads to large potential benefits, suggesting the two residual streams have the potential for more circular hydroponic systems., QC 20200409

With an expanding population and changing dynamics in global food markets, it is important to find solutions for more resilient food production methods closer to urban environments. Recently, vertical farming systems have emerged as a potential solution for urban farming. However, although there is an increasing body of literature reviewing the potential of urban and vertical farming systems, only a limited number of studies have reviewed the sustainability of these systems. The aim of this article was to understand the environmental impacts of vertical hydroponic farming in urban environments applied to a case study vertical hydroponic farm in Stockholm, Sweden. This was carried out by evaluating environmental performance using a life cycle perspective to assess the environmental impacts and comparing to potential scenarios for improvement options. The results suggest that important aspects for the vertical hydroponic system include the growing medium, pots, electricity demand, the transportation of raw materials and product deliveries. By replacing plastic pots with paper pots, large reductions in GHG emissions, acidification impacts, and abiotic resource depletion are possible. Replacing conventional gardening soil as the growing medium with coir also leads to large environmental impact reductions. However, in order to further reduce the impacts from the system, more resource-efficient steps will be needed to improve impacts from electricity demand, and there is potential to develop more symbiotic exchanges to employ urban wastes and by-products., QC 20191007

Bakgrund: Organtransplantation är ett livräddande ingrepp som genomförs när inga andra behandlingsalternativ finns. Patienten står inför en livslång behandling med immunsänkande läkemedel för att minska risken för avstötning. Det är en emotionellt krävande upplevelse för patienterna och deras familjer som gör att de är i behov av stöd av sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters emotionella upplevelser före och efter organtransplantation. Metod: En litteraturstudie som baseras på kvalitativa omvårdnadsvetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Fyra kategorier identifierades, Tacksamhet och skuld på samma gång, Upplevelse av stöd, Känslomässig berg- och dalbana och Oro med tillhörande underkategorier. Slutsats: Organtransplantation var överlag en omtumlande upplevelse som var unik för varje patient. Sjuksköterskan behöver mer kunskap för att bidra till god vård då patienters upplevelser före och efter organtransplantation är relativt outforskat. Nyckelord: Livserfarenhet, mottagare, organtransplantation, patient, upplevelse., Background: Organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention that is carried out when no other treatment options exist. The patient is facing a lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the risk of rejection. It is an emotionally demanding experience for the patients and their families are in need of support from the nurse. Aim: The purpose was to describe patients' emotional experiences before and after organ transplantation. Method: A literature study based on qualitative nursing science articles. Result: Four categories were identified, Gratitude and guilt at the same time, Experience of support, Emotional roller coaster and Concern with associated subcategories. Conclusion: Organ transplantation was generally a tumultuous experience unique to each patient. The nurse needs more knowledge to contribute to good care since patients' experiences before and after organ transplantation are relatively unexplored. Keywords: Life experience, recipient, organ transplantation, patient, experience.

Enligt miljöbalken är det förbjudet att skada vilt levande djur. Ska man bedriva vattenverksamhet där djurlivet påverkas måste åtgärder för att minimera den negativa påverkan vidtas. Hindras exempelvis fiskens vandring av verksamheten ska vandringen återskapas med hjälp av en fiskväg. Mätningar av vattenhastigheter i fiskvägar med flygelmätning och höjder med GPS-mätare har utförts i studieområden utvalda av företaget Norconsult. Flöden har beräknats med hjälp av resultatet från mätningarna och sedan jämförts med de framtagna värdena på flödena i förstudierna. Jämförelsen ska bidra till förbättring vid kommande konstruktioner. Olika fiskarters vandring och simförmåga har studerats för att kunna tolka resultatet av mätningarna. Arternas simförmåga är också grundläggande för utformningen av en fiskväg. Det finns många olika sorters fiskvägar, den här rapporten behandlar tre slitsrännor, i Arboga, Kallstena och Örebro, och ett omlöp i Örebro. Resultatet av mätningarna i fält stämde överens med förstudien i avseende på vattendjupen i både omlöpet och slitsrännorna. Vad gäller flödena var de uppmätta hastigheterna i slitsrännorna betydligt lägre än de i förstudien i Arboga och vid Örebro slott. Hastigheterna i omlöpet och slitsrännan i Kallstena stämde väl överens med tidigare utsago. I slitsrännan i Arboga mättes flödet till 0,55 m3/s att jämföra med förstudiens flöde på 0,8 m3/s vid samma vattennivåer uppströms. I Kallstena mättes flödet till 0,49 m3/s och skulle enligt förstudien vara 0,50 m3/s vid vinterläge. Slitsrännan vid slottet hade ett flöde på 0,20 m3/s och skulle vid samma uppströms vattennivå ha ett flöde på 0,40 m3/s enligt föstudien. Omlöpet vid Slussen i Örebro hade ett flöde vid inloppet på 0,20 m3/s ett något högre flöde än vad förstudien visar på med samma vattennivåer, vilket skulle vara 0,25 m3/s. De flöden som uppmätts i Arbogaån kan endast fiskar av medelstorlek och uppåt klara av. Hastigheterna i slitsrännan i Örebro var något lägre och små fiskar, It is illegal to in any way harm wild life according to Swedish law, The Environmental Code. Nevertheless, human activities do in many cases interfere with nature and in those circumstances you are obliged to do what is possible to minimize the negative environmental effects. Water activities may for example create an obstacle for the fishes’ migration up or downstream, which could be prohibited by building a fishway. In this report measurements of the water flow velocity with the help of hydrometrical wing and heights with the help of a GPS-gauges have been done in areas selected by the company Norconsult. The results were then compared with already established values in the pilot study. This will hopefully contribute to improvements in coming constructions of similar kind. To be able to interpret the results studies were read about different fish species and their way up or downstream along with their swimming ability. The species’ ability to swim is also essential for the construction of a fish way. There are many different types of fish ways. This study deals with three kinds of vertical slots, in Arboga, Kallstena and Örebro, and one bypass channel in Örebro. Results of the measurements taken in the field on water depths was shown to correspond with the values in the pilot study in both the vertical slots and the bypass channel. When it came to water flow, the velocities in vertical slots were considerably lower in Arboga and by Örebo castle but no difference was detected in Kallstena and the bypass channel in Örebro. The water flow in Arboga was measured to 0,55 m3/s in comparison to the pilot study where the same water depths upstream created a flow of 0,8 m3/s. In Kallstena the measured flow was 0,49 m3/s and the pilot study says that winter settings for the dam should generate a flow through the fishway at 0,50 m3/s. The vertical slot close to the castle in Örebro had flow at 0,20 m3/s, but should according to the pilot study and the water depth upstream be

This study examines the interpretation and incorporation of sustainability in public foodprocurement by interviewing stakeholders, such as procurement officers, wholesalers, chefs,and food producers. Findings highlight a consensus on the need for sustainability measures,such as purchasing local and organic products, but disagreements on the most influentialactors in the process. The influence of system-level factors, including market dynamics andregulatory frameworks, plays a significant role in implementing sustainable procurement.There is trust in the organic label and locally sourced products, yet actors require furtherpractical examples and hands-on solutions to facilitate their work towards a more sustainablefood system for the future., QC 20230530