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Chalcis Fabricius, 1787 Type species Sphex sispes Linnaeus, 1761, by subsequent designation of Westwood (1839: 65). Chalcis Fabricius, 1787: 272. Smiera Spinola, 1811: 147. Type species Sphex sispes Linnaeus, 1761, by subsequent designation of Curtis (1833: 472). Synonymy by Gahan & Fagan (1923: 31). Smicra Spinola, 1837: 1. Unjustified emendation of Smiera. Diagnosis. Both sexes. Mandibular formula 2:3 or 3:3, the upper tooth larger and longer than the others; mesocoxa with short pubescence dorsolaterally; mesotibial spur at most as long as apical width of mesotibia, occasionally absent. Female. Tarsal claws usually slightly curved (Figs 1e, 6a), sometimes falcate (Fig. 11f); hypopygium with median portion narrowly extended posteriorly with median portion distinct from the lateral areas (Figs 2c, 4c, 6d, 9d, 12c, 15e, 20a), or thickened but only slightly extended posteriorly beyond the adjacent margins (Fig. 21a). Male. Tarsal claws almost always bifid apically (Fig. 10c); hypopygium enlarged, flat or concave, with distal margin truncate (Fig. 13b) to notched (Figs 7d, 10d, 16c). Biology. Few host records known, these as egg-pupal or larval-pupal parasitoids of Stratiomyidae (Diptera) (Hart 1895; M̹ller 1908; Schremmer 1960; Cowan 1979). Distribution. Most species on Northern Hemisphere, but present on all continents except Antarctica (Noyes 2020). Remarks. Chalcis can be distinguished from other genera of New Word Chalcididae using the key of Bouček (1992). Among Chalcidini, only females of Chalcis and Melanosmicra Ashmead have the posterior margin of the hypopygium medially setose and distinctly produced posteriorly (Figs 2d, 4c, 6d, 9d, 12c, 15e, 20a), usually reaching the apex of the gaster. Species of both genera also have mandibles that lack a ventral lamina, the upper tooth longer than the lower teeth (except a few Melanosmicra species in which the lower tooth is the longest), and a relatively long petiole and short gaster (Figs 3a, 5a). Species of Chalcis differ from those of Melanosmicra by the female hypopygium having the median portion extended posteriorly as a narrow projection (Figs 2d, 4c, 6d, 9d, 12c, 15e, 20a) or with the median portion distinct from the lateral areas, thickened but only slightly extended posteriorly beyond the level of adjacent margins (Fig. 21a) (posterior margin angled or bilobed in Melanosmicra); hypopygium of males comparatively large, flat or concave, and with distal margin truncate (Fig. 13b) to notched (Figs 7d, 10d, 16c) (hypopygium surface and distal margin convex in Melanosmicra); mesocoxa with short pubescence on dorsolateral surface (with few long, erect bristles in Melanosmicra); mesotibial spur absent or when present at most as long as the apical width of the mesotibia (longer than apical width of mesotibia in Melanosmicra); and metafemur usually without inner basal tooth ventrally or, if present, inner tooth short and triangular (Fig. 18a) (almost always spinelike and curved in females of Melanosmicra). The shape of tarsal claws has also been used to differentiate Chalcis species. In females, the claws have been most commonly described as slightly curved (Figs 1e, 6a, 8f, 9a, 14f, 15a) but in some species the claws are falcate (Figs 3f, 11f). In males, the tarsal claws are usually pectinate basally and almost always bifid apically (Figs 7c, 10c). In addition to external morphology characters, Delvare (1992) lists the following features of the male genitalia as diagnostic to Chalcis: phallobase with dorsal expansion, emarginate apically, completely open ventrally, ventral frame most often present, median ventral lamina narrow, without incision on each side of the median ventral lamina; aedeagus with dorsal and sometimes ventral expansion. For comparison, in his diagnosis for Melanosmicra, he lists the phallobase closed ventrally at least along half length; ventral frame more or less obsolete or absent; median ventral lamina normal; phallobase emarginate or slightly incised near median ventral lamina; digiti normal, not narrow and not emarginate on outer edge; aedeagus short and rounded at apex., Published as part of Saguiah, Pâmella Machado, Molin, Ana Dal & Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira, 2020, The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), pp. 353-383 in Zootaxa 4885 (3) on pages 354-355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4296699, {"references":["Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum sistens species nuper detectas, Tom 1. Impensis Christ. Gottl. Proft., Copenhagen, 348 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11657","Linnaeus, C. V. (1761) Fauna svecica: sistens animalia sveciae regni: mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes, distributa per classes & ordines, genera & species, cum differentiis specierum, synonymis auctorum, nominibus incolarum, locis natalium, descriptionibus insectorum. Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 578 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46380","Westwood, J. O. (1839) Synopsis of the genera of British Insects. In: An introduction to the modern classification of insects, Vol. 2, Appendix. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London, pp. 49 - 80.","Spinola, M. (1811) Essai d'une nouvelle classification des diplolepaires. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 17, 138 - 153.","Curtis, J. (1833) British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. Vol. 3. Printed by the author, London, 176 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8148","Gahan, A. B. & Fagan, M. M. (1923) The type species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or chalcid-flies. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Washington, 124, 173 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.124. i","Spinola, M. (1837) Conure. Conura. Spinola. Magasin de Zoologie, 9 (180), 1 - 2.","Hart, C. A. (1895) On the Entomology of the Illinois River and Adjacent Waters. Bulletin of the Illinois States Laboratory of Natural History, 4, 149 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 4.429","Schremmer, V. F. (1960) Beitrag zur Biologie der in Stratiorayiiden larven parasitierenden Chalcididen der Gattung Smicra Spin. (Chalcis F.). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 12 (2), 83 - 89.","Cowan, D. P. (1979) The Function of enlarged hind legs in oviposition and aggression by Chalcis canadensis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). The Great Lake Entomologist, 12 (3), 133 - 136.","Noyes, J. S. (2020) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. The Natural History Museum, London. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids (accessed May 2020).","Boucek, Z. (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae. In: Delvare, G. & Boucek, Z. (Eds) On the New World Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Associated Publishers, Florida, pp. 49 - 103.","Delvare, G. (1992) A reclassification of the Chalcidini with a checklist of the New World species. In: Delvare, G. & Boucek, Z. (Eds) On the New World Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Associated Publishers, Florida, pp. 119 - 376."]}

Chalcis danunciae Saguiah & Tavares, sp. nov. Figs 3 a–f, 4a–c Diagnosis. Female. Antennal anellus longer than wide (Fig. 3e); mesepisternum mostly smooth and shiny; protarsal claws falcate; protarsomeres 4 and 5 each with a pair of peg-like spines ventrally (Fig. 3f); median carina of interantennal projection extending to median ocellus (Fig. 3d); scape 6.2–7.1× as long as wide; mesoscutellum flattened (Fig. 3a); metafemur ventrally with 13–15 teeth along outer margin (Fig. 4a); propodeum with a wide and well-defined pentagonal areola medial to adpetiolar area, areola with a T- or Y-shaped median carina at the posterior margin (Fig. 4b). Description. FEMALE. Length 5.0– 5.3 mm. Color: Predominantly black, with yellow and light brown areas (Figs 3 a–d, 4a), as follows. The following parts yellow: parascrobal area through lower face (Figs 3c, d), pronotal collar posteriorly (Fig. 3b), mesoscutellum laterally, tegula, an irregular spot on distal third of outer face of metafemur (Fig. 4a), tarsi, and petiole (occasionally dark brown). The following parts light brown: profemur apically and mesofemur (sometimes golden brown), outer face of metafemur basally, spot on metatibia basally. Wings lightly infuscate (Figs 3a, b). Head. Lower face not bulging above clypeus, with shallow umbilicate fovea, interstices narrow and coriaceous (Fig. 3d); parascrobal area densely foveate, interstices coriaceous; median intumescence absent; malar space 0.4× eye height (Fig. 3c), malar sulcus conspicuous, straight, internal carina absent, external carina fine and inconspicuous, complete; gena umbilicate to rugose, genal carina reaching vertex; mandibular formula 2:3; antennal scrobe from smooth and shiny ventrally to coriaceous-strigulate dorsally, and with transverse V-shaped carina below median ocellus (Figs 3c, d); interantennal projection with median carina dorsally, carina extending to median ocellus (Fig. 3d). MOD:POL:APL:OOL = 0.15:0.33:0.11:0.10. Scape 6.2–7.1× as long as wide, with inner face flattened; anellus longer than wide (Fig. 3e); Fu1 about 2× as long as wide, and 1.0× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 3e). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with interstices coriaceous and dull, narrower than diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum flat, frenal carina forming two sublateral lobes; mesopleuron with mesepisternum from smooth and shiny to coriaceous on upper quarter and along the outer margin (except for 3 or 4 foveae dorsally), irregularly areolate-rugulose medially and foveate ventrally; propodeum with a regular median carina, submedian carina absent, anterior costulae incomplete, posterior costulae straight, adpetiolar area with a wide and well-defined pentagonal areola medially, areola with a Y- or T-shaped median carina at the posterior margin, anterosubmedial area sparsely rugose to coriaceous (Fig. 4b); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs with pubescence similar to basal tarsomeres; protarsomeres 4 and 5 each with a pair of distinct peg-like spines ventrally (Fig. 3f); protarsal claws falcate, ventrally with 4 basal spines followed by a tooth-like projection (Fig. 3f); mesocoxa slightly pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.9× as long as the width of the mesotibial apex; metacoxa smooth and shiny dorsally, inner face glabrous; metafemur with outer face densely punctate and interstices smooth and shiny, ventrally without inner basal tooth but with 13–15 teeth along outer margin, outer basal tooth the largest and close to second tooth, the latter minute, the third to the tenth teeth subequal and of moderate size (Fig. 4a); metatibia with spine slender and longer than apical width of metatibia; metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 2–5. Fore wing SMV:MV:PMV = 1.76:0.74:0.94. Metasoma. Petiole about 4.2–4.6× as long as wide, cylindrical (Fig. 4c), with dorsolateral carina along basal third; ventrally without longitudinal carina; hypopygial median projection apically with distinct set of short and appressed bristles, ventrally densely bristly (bristles longer than width of hypopygial projection in lateral view) (Fig. 4c); ovipositor sheath slightly obliquely truncate apically, with some long setae (Fig. 4c). MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype. ♀ (UFES), ‘ Brasil: Bahia, Firmino Alves, Fazenda Santo Antônio, 14°59’51’’S 39°55’55’’W, Malaise, ponto 6, 15.XII.2003, Cardoso J. & Maia J. cols.’ (UFES, n° 23339). Paratypes (3♀). Brazil. Bahia. São João da Vitória, Fazenda São Roque, 15°14’39’’S 39°20’16’’W, Cabruca, 30.XI.2001, Malaise, J. Car-doso & J. Maia col. (1♀, UFES). Paraná. Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde, 05.I.1987, Malaise, PROFAUPAR (1♀, DZUP). Santa Catarina. Nova Teutônia [Seara], 02.III.1964, F. Plaumann col. (1♀, NHMUK). Biology. Unknown. Distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Paraná, Santa Catarina). Remarks. Females of C. danunciae are similar to those of C. quechua and C. winstonae (see “Putative Relationships” below), but are distinguished by a longer scape, median carina of interantennal projection extending to the median ocellus (Fig. 3d), and propodeum with a wide and well-defined pentagonal areola medial to the adpetiolar area, the areola with a Y- or T-shaped median carina at the posterior margin (Fig. 4b). Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Danúncia Urban, eminent hymenopterist and dear professor who recently retired from DZUP., Published as part of Saguiah, Pâmella Machado, Molin, Ana Dal & Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira, 2020, The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), pp. 353-383 in Zootaxa 4885 (3) on pages 359-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4296699

Chalcis intervalensis Saguiah & Tavares, sp. nov. Figs 5 a–f, 6a–d, 7a–d Diagnosis. Both sexes. Mesepisternum entirely sculptured, foveolate along outer margin to foveate-reticulate medially (Fig. 5e); metafemur ventrally with outer basal tooth the largest and as distant from second tooth as second is from the third tooth, the second tooth usually minute and the following teeth gradually increasing in size up to the sixth tooth (Fig. 6b); petiole cylindrical, 3.2–3.7× as long as wide. Female. Protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 4 or 5 basal spines followed by 1 curved seta (Fig. 6a). Male. Ventral plaque on distal quarter of antennal scape and with thin elongate sensillum (Fig. 7b); hypopygium with V-shaped distal notch (Fig. 7d). Description. FEMALE. Length 5.0–7.0 mm. Color: Predominantly black, with following parts yellow (size of spots on mesosoma varies and mesosoma may be entirely black) (Figs 5 a–c, 6b): parascrobal area, maxillary and labial palps, two spots on pronotal collar submedially (Fig. 5b) (occasionally the entire posterior margin of collar), along lateral margin of median lobe of mesoscutum, lateral lobe of mesoscutum posteriorly (occasionally absent), mesoscutellum laterally, tegula, pro- and mesotrochanter apically, pro- and mesofemur apically, inner face of protibia, mesotibia basally, tarsi, outer face of metafemur anteriorly and apically (occasionally also with a elongate spot along upper margin) (Fig. 6b), metatibia subbasally (Fig. 6b), petiole dorsally and ventro-distally, lateral spots on Gt1, Gt2 and Gt3 (occasionally with complete transverse bands on Gt3 to Gt7+8). Pedicel and ventro-basal area of petiole brown (occasionally black). Wings infuscate (Figs 5a, b). Head. Lower face not bulging above clypeus, with elongate umbilicate fovea enclosed by diagonal irregular carinae; parascrobal area densely foveate, interstices raised as irregular diagonal rugae, median intumescence present; malar space 0.5–0.6× eye height (Fig. 5c), malar sulcus mostly inconspicuous or absent, internal and external carinae, if present, irregular, fine and inconspicuous; gena rugose, genal carina not reaching vertex; mandibular formula 2:3 or 3:3, if 3:3 median teeth inconspicuous; antennal scrobe from coriaceous ventrally to irregularly strigulate dorsally and with transverse V-shaped carina below median ocellus; interantennal projection with median carina dorsally, carina extending to median ocellus. MOD:POL:APL:OOL = 0.16:0.30:0.09:0.26. Scape 4.3 – 5.3× as long as wide, inner face flattened; anellus about 0.5× as long as wide (Fig. 5d); Fu1 longer than all other funicular segments, about 2× as long as wide, and 1.2× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 5d). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with interstices coriaceous and dull, narrower than diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum convex, frenal carina forming two sublateral lobes; mesopleuron with mesepisternum foveolate along outer margin to foveate-reticulate medially, interstices from smooth and shiny along outer margin to coriaceous along inner margin (Fig. 5e); propodeum with irregular median carina, submedian carina absent, anterior and posterior costulae irregular, adpetiolar area with narrow and irregular areola medially, anterosubmedial area areolaterugose (Fig. 6c); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs with pubescence similar to basal tarsomeres (Fig. 5f); protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally without pairs of distinct peg-like spines; protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 4 or 5 basal spines followed by 1 long setae (Fig. 6a); mesocoxa densely pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.6× as long as the width of the mesotibial apex; metacoxa punctate-rugose dorsally, inner face pubescent; metafemur with outer face densely punctate and interstices coriaceous, ventrally without inner basal tooth but with 9 teeth along outer margin, outer basal tooth the largest and as distant from second tooth as second tooth is from third tooth, the second tooth usually minute and the following teeth gradually increasing in size up to the sixth tooth (Fig. 6b); metatibia with apical spine slender and longer than the apical width of metatibia (Fig. 6b); metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 2–5. Fore wing SMV:MV:PMV = 1.88:0.92:0.92. Metasoma. Petiole 3.2–3.7× as long as wide, cylindrical, with weak dorsolateral carina along basal third, ventrally without longitudinal carina; hypopygial median projection apically with distinct set of short and appressed bristles, ventrally with bristles at most as long as the width of hypopygial projection in lateral view (Fig. 6d); ovipositor sheath rounded apically, with some long setae (Fig. 6d). MALE. Length: 5.4–5.5 mm. Similar to females (Fig. 7a), except: antennal scape with ventral plaque on distal quarter and with thin elongate sensillum (Fig. 7b); tarsal claws bifid and pectinate (Fig. 7c); hypopygium with concave surface and V-shaped distal notch (Fig. 7d). Material examined. Holotype. ♀ (UFES), ‘ Brasil, São Paulo, Ribeirão Grande, Parque Estadual Intervales, 24°16’28.7’’S 48°25’17.3’’W, 21.II.2011, Malaise p2, N.W. Perioto e eq. col. (UFES, nº 163889) ’. Paratypes (37♀, 36♂). Brazil. Paraná. Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra, 3.XII.2005, L.C. Rocha-Filho col. (1♀, DZUP); São José dos Pinhais, VIII.1962, S. Laroca col. (1♀, DZUP). Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, 22°26’S, 44°36’O, 30.I.2012, Malaise Trap, R. F. Monteiro col. (1♀, MZSP); Rio Grande do Sul. Arroio Grande, 32°3’22’S, 53°11’57’’W, 101 m, Malaise, on 29.XI.2002, 06.XII.2002, 02.I.2004, 09.I.2004, R.F. Krüger col. (1♀, 3♂, UFES); São Leopoldo, Staudinger col. (1♀, NHMUK); K. Staudinger col. (1♀, 3♂, ZSM). Santa Catarina. [Seara], Nova Teutônia, on: 8.XII.1937, 27.XI.1952, F. Plaumann col. (2♂, NHMUK). São Paulo. 31♀, 28♂: same or similar data as holotype collected in the coordinates and as pointed. Point 1, 24°16’28.0’’S 48°25’14.8’’W, 23.XI.2009 (1♀, 5♂, UFES), 22.XII.2009 (1♀, DZUP; 1♀, MNRJ; 1♀, MZSP; 7♀, UFES), 22.I.2010 (1♀, 1♂, UFES), 21.I.2011 (1♂, DZUP; 1♂, MNRJ; 1♂, MZSP; 2♂, UFES); point 2, 24°16’28.7’’S 48°25’17.3’’W, 22.XII.2009 (1♀, DZUP; 1♀, MNRJ; 1♀, MZSP; 3♀, UFES), 22.I.2010 (1♂, UFES), 21.I.2011 (1♀, 1♂, DZUP; 1♀, 1♂, MNRJ; 1♀, 1♂, MZSP; 2♀, 3♂, UFES), 21.II.2011 (1♀, 1♂, UFES); point 3, 24°16’27.7’’S 48°25’19.3’’W, 22.XII.2009 (1♀, UFES), 21.I.2011 (3♀, UFES); point 4, 24°16’28.8’’S 48°25’20.6’’W, 22.I.2010 (2♂, UFES), 21.III.2011 (1♂, UFES); point 5, 24°16’28.6’’S 48°25’21.8’’W, 22.I.2010 (1♂, DZUP; 1♂, MNRJ; 1♂, MZSP; 1♀, 1♂, UFES), 20.XII.2010 (1♀, UFES), 21.III.2011 (2♂, UFES). Uruguay: Rocha. Cardoso, Campo Natural, 34°05’26.8’’S 53°52’14.4’’W, Malaise, 10.IV.2015, E. Castiglione e eq. col. (1♀, UFES). Other specimens examined (81♀, 267♂). Same or similar data as holotype collected in the coordinates and as pointed. Point 1, 24°16’28.0’’S 48°25’14.8’’W, 23.XI.2009 (14♂, UFES), 22.XII.2009 (2♀, 56♂, UFES), 22.I.2010 (5♀, 24♂, UFES), 20.XII.2010 (1♀, 10♂, UFES), 21.I.2011 (1♂, UFES), 21.II.2011 (1♂, UFES); point 2, 24º16’28.7’’S 48°25’17.3’’W, 23.XI.2009 (2♂, UFES), 22.XII.2009 (8♀, 11♂, UFES), 22.I.2010 (11♀, 3♂, UFES), 20.XII.2010 (2♀, 3♂, UFES), 21.I.2011 (6♀, 21♂, UFES), 21.II.2011 (2♂, UFES); point 3, 24°16’27.7’’S 48°25’19.3’’W, 23.XI.2009 (1♀, 5♂, UFES), 22.XII.2009 (17♂, UFES), 22.I.2010 (12♀, 9♂, UFES), 20.XII.2010 (1♀, 13♂, UFES), 21.I.2011 (2♀, 1♂, UFES), 21.II.2011 (2♀, 2♂, UFES); point 4, 24°16’28.8’’S 48°25’20.6’’W, 22.X.2009 (1♀, 4♂, UFES), 22.XII.2009 (6♂, UFES), 22.I.2010 (3♀, UFES), 20.XII.2010 (1♂, UFES), 21.I.2011 (3♀, 13♂, UFES), 21.III.2011 (3♀, UFES); point 5, 24°16’28.6’’S 48°25’21.8’’W, 22.I.2010 (8♀, 12♂, UFES), 20.XII.2010 (3♀, 21♂, UFES), 21.I.2011 (4♀, 10♂, UFES), 21.II.2011 (2♀, 5♂, UFES), 21.III.2011 (1♀, UFES). Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Brazil (Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, S„o Paulo) and Uruguay (Rocha). Remarks. Chalcis intervalensis is distinguished from C. boi, C. ornatifrons and C. pilicauda by having a darker coloration on the medial portion of the gastral tergites, less robust body (Fig. 5a), mesepisternum mostly coriaceousfoveolate (Fig. 5e), metafemoral teeth with the first tooth closer to second tooth (Fig. 6b), female protarsal claws ventrally with 4 or 5 basal spines followed by 1 long seta (Fig. 6a), and cylindrical petiole more than 3.0× as long as wide. Chalcis intervalensis is similar to C. celis Burks, described from Mexico, in the color pattern and shape of the metafemur, but in C. intervalensis the outer basal tooth of the metafemur is usually larger than the following teeth, and the male hypopygium has a V-shaped distal notch (shallow U-shaped notch in C. celis). Etymology. The name of this species refers to Intervales State Park (Parque Estadual de Intervales), S„o Paulo, where this species is abundant., Published as part of Saguiah, Pâmella Machado, Molin, Ana Dal & Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira, 2020, The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), pp. 353-383 in Zootaxa 4885 (3) on pages 361-365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4296699

Chalcis winstonae Saguiah & Tavares, sp. nov. Figs 19 a–f, 20a Diagnosis. Female. Antennal anellus longer than wide (Fig. 19d); protarsal claws falcate; protarsomeres 4 and 5 each with a pair of peg-like spines ventrally; clypeus and scrobe smooth and shiny (Fig. 19c); Fu1 2.2× as long as wide (Fig. 19d); metafemur ventrally with 11 teeth along outer margin (Fig. 19e); propodeum with adpetiolar area with narrow areola medially (Fig. 19f); petiole 4.2× as long as wide. Description. FEMALE. Length 4.6 mm. Color: Predominantly dark brown to black, the following parts yellow (Figs 19 a–c, e, 20a): parascrobal area through lower face (Fig. 19c), pronotal collar, tegula, mesoscutellum laterally (Fig. 19b), protibia anteriorly, mesofemur apically, metatibia basally, outer face of metafemur subapically (Fig. 19e), metatibia basally, tarsi and petiole. Wings slightly infuscate (Figs 19a, b). Head. Lower face not bulging above clypeus, with shallow umbilicate fovea, interstices moderately broad and finely coriaceous to smooth and shiny (Fig. 19c); parascrobal area foveolate, interstices broad and finely coriaceous to slightly shiny, median intumescence absent; malar space 0.4× eye height; malar sulcus conspicuous, sinuous; internal carina fine and inconspicuous, absent near eye; external carina conspicuous, complete; gena smooth to alutaceous, genal carina reaching vertex; mandibular formula 2:3; antennal scrobe from smooth and shiny ventrally to coriaceous dorsally and without transverse carina below median ocellus (Fig. 19c); interantennal projection with inconspicuous median carina dorsally, carina extending slightly beyond interantennal projection. MOD:POL:APL: OOL = 0.16:0.31:0.1:0.14. Scape 5.5× as long as wide, inner face flattened; anellus longer than wide (Fig. 19d); Fu1 longer than all other funicular segments with about 2.2× as long as wide and 1.2× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 19d). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with interstices coriaceous and dull, in some areas broader than 2× diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum flat, frenal carina emarginate, blade-like; mesopleuron with mesepisternum mostly smooth and shiny to coriaceous, except for few irregularly foveae medially and ventrally; propodeum with regular median carina, submedian carina absent, anterior costulae incomplete, posterior costulae almost straight, adpetiolar area with narrow areola medially, anterosubmedial area sparsely rugulose to coriaceous (Fig. 19f); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs with pubescence similar to basal tarsomeres; protarsomeres 4 and 5 each with a pair of distinct peg-like spines ventrally, protarsal claws falcate, ventrally with 4 basal spines followed by 1 acute prominence; mesocoxa slightly pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.9× as long as the width of the mesotibial apex; metacoxa smooth and shiny dorsally, inner face pubescent; metafemur with outer face punctate and interstices smooth and shiny, ventrally without inner basal tooth but with 12 or 13 teeth along outer margin, outer basal tooth the largest and close to second tooth, the latter minute, the following teeth increasing in size up to the ninth tooth (Fig. 19e); metatibial spine slender and longer than the apical width of metatibia; metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 2–5. Fore wing SMV:MV:PMV 1.85:0.93:0.71. Metasoma. Petiole 4.2× as long as wide, cylindrical, dorsolateral carina very short, ventrally without longitudinal carina; hypopygial median projection apically with some short and appressed bristles, ventrally with densely distributed bristles (bristles longer than the width of hypopygial projection in lateral view) (Fig. 20a); ovipositor sheath slightly obliquely truncate apically, with some long setae (Fig. 20a). MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype. ♀ (NHMUK), ‘ Bolivia, Yungas, Puente Villa, 1200 m., 20.XII.1955 ’. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. BOLIVIA (Yungas). Remarks. The only known female of C. winstonae is most similar to C. danunciae and C. quechua females (see “Putative Relationships” below), but can be distinguished from them by the metafemur having 11 ventral teeth along the outer margin (Fig. 19e) and the propodeum with a narrow areola medial to the adpetiolar area (Fig. 19f). Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Judith Ellen Winston in recognition of her enormous contribution to the practice of taxonomy., Published as part of Saguiah, Pâmella Machado, Molin, Ana Dal & Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira, 2020, The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), pp. 353-383 in Zootaxa 4885 (3) on pages 378-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4296699

Chalcis periotoi Saguiah & Tavares, sp. nov. Figs 11 a–f, 12a–c, 13a, b Diagnosis. Both sexes. Mesepisternum mostly smooth and shiny at upper quarter (Fig. 11e); scape with inner face slightly sinuous (Figs 11c, d); Fu1 1.6× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 11d); protarsal claws falcate (Fig. 11f); metafemur with outer face puncticulate, interstices very wide, smooth and shiny, ventrally with outer basal tooth at most as large as and close to second tooth, the following teeth increasing in size up to the seventh tooth (Fig. 12a); gaster dark amber (Fig. 12c). Female. Hypopygium at apex weakly sclerotized, translucent (Fig. 12c). Male. Antennal scape with ventral plaque on distal one-sixth; sensillum indistinct; tarsal claws not bifid; hypopygium with distal margin shallowly concave (Fig. 13b). Description. FEMALE. Length 6.5–6.7 mm. Color: Black, with yellow and dark amber areas as follows (Figs 11 a–c, 12a). The following parts yellow: spot on parascrobal area (Fig. 11c), labrum (sometimes lower face and gena), base of scape anteriorly (Fig. 11c), fore and middle legs (except coxa and trochanter), tarsi, metacoxa dorsally and ventrally (sometimes), metatibia subbasally, pronotal collar laterally (occasionally completely), tegula, median lobe of mesoscutum posteriorly (varying from entire black to entire yellow on posterior third), mesoscutellum (sometimes black medially), propodeal callus (sometimes), irregular spot on posterior margin of upper mesepisternum (occasionally absent), and Gt3 to Gt7+8 (usually dark). The following parts dark amber: hind leg (Fig. 11a) (except metatibia black distally and sometimes the metafemur yellow along its margins), petiole and gaster. Wings infuscate (Figs 11a, b). Head. Lower face not bulging above clypeus, with shallow umbilicate fovea, interstices moderately broad and finely coriaceous, somewhat shiny (Fig. 11c); parascrobal area foveolate, interstices broad and coriaceous, median intumescence present; malar space 0.5× eye height; malar sulcus conspicuous, sinuous; internal and external carina fine and inconspicuous, complete; gena smooth to alutaceous, genal carina absent; mandibular formula 2:3 or 3:3, if 3:3 median teeth inconspicuous; antennal scrobe from smooth and shiny ventrally to confused rugulose dorsally and without transverse carina below median ocellus (Fig. 11c); interantennal projection with median carina dorsally, carina extending slightly beyond interantennal projection. MOD:POL:APL:OOL = 0.17:0.26:0.08:0.26. Scape 4.1 4,4 × as long as wide, inner face slightly sinuous (Figs 11c, d); anellus about 0.5× as long as wide; Fu1 longer than all other funicular segments, about 2× as long as wide and 1.6× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 11d). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum sparsely pilose, with interstices mostly smooth and shiny; in some areas broader than 2× diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum convex, frenal carina emarginate, blade-like; mesopleuron with mesepisternum smooth and shiny dorsally, and reticulate-foveate ventrally (Fig. 11e); propodeum with irregular median and submedian carinae, anterior and posterior costulae irregular, adpetiolar area with irregular rugae medially, anterosubmedial area irregularly areolate-rugose (Fig. 12b); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs with pubescence similar to basal tarsomeres; protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally without pairs of distinct peg-like spines; protarsal claws falcate, ventrally with 5 basal spines followed by 1 wide and blunt tooth (Fig. 11f); mesocoxa slightly pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.7× as long as the width of the mesotibial apex; metacoxa smooth and shiny dorsally, inner face glabrous; metafemur with outer face puncticulate and interstices smooth and shiny, ventrally without inner basal tooth but with 9–13 teeth along outer margin, outer basal tooth at most as large as and close to second tooth, the following teeth increasing in size up to the seventh tooth (Fig. 12a); metatibia with apical spine triangular and as long as the apical width of metatibia; metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 2–5. Fore wing SMV:MV:PMV = 2.33:1.02:1.09. Metasoma. Petiole about 2.5–2.9× as long as wide, cylindrical, with dorsolateral carina at most along basal half, ventrally with weak median carina at most along distal half (sometimes bifurcate distally); hypopygial median projection apically weakly sclerotized and translucent, without set of appressed bristles, ventrally with bristles at most as long as the width of hypopygial projection in lateral view (Fig. 12c); apex ovipositor sheath rounded apically, without some long setae (Fig. 12c). MALE. Length: 5.1–6.1 mm. Similar to females (Fig. 13a), except: antennal scape with ventral plaque on distal one-sixth, sensillum indistinct; tarsal claws sharply recurved, neither bifid or pectinate; hypopygium with slightly concave surface, distal margin shallowly concave (Fig. 13b). Material examined. Holotype. ♀ (UFES), ‘Uruguay, Rocha, Don Bosco, 34°05’1.07’’S 53°45’43.08’’W, bosque-campo, 15.XII.2015, Malaise 2, E. Castiglione e eq. col.’ (UFES, nº 163888). Paratypes (14♀, 3♂). Argentina. Córdoba. Sierra Córdoba, 12.II.1929, S.J. Williner col. (1♀, MACN). Corrientes. Ituzaingo, X.1978, Fritz col. (1♀, AMNH). Misiones. San Pedro, 2007, Lucia col. (1♀, UFES). Santa Fé. Rosario, 7.II.1921, J. Hubrich col. (1♀, ZSM). Brazil: Paraná. Foz do Iguaçu 5.XII.1966 (2♀, DZUP); Ponta Grossa, Vila Velha, Reserva IAPAR, BR 376, Malaise, PROFAUPAR, on dates 7.XII.1987, 23.XII.1987, 30.XII.1987 (3♀, DZUP); Ponta Grossa, Vila VelhaIAPAR, Malaise, Ganho & Marinoni, on dates 06.IX.1999, 20.XII.1999, 26.XI.2001 (3♀, DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul. Pelotas, 18.I.1952, C.M. Biezanko col. (1♀, NHMUK). Santa Catarina. Nova Teutônia 52°23’L 27°11’B, XI.1935, F. Plaumann col. (1♀, 2♂, NHMUK). São Paulo. São Paulo, E. Gounelle (1♂, MNHN). Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Argentina (Córdoba, Corrientes, Misiones, Santa Fé), Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, S„o Paulo) and Uruguay (Rocha). Remarks. Chalcis periotoi is easily distinguished from the other South American species by the amber-colored hind leg, petiole and gaster (Figs 11a, b, 13a); pronotum, mesoscutellum, fore and middle legs with large yellow areas; metafemur with outer face puncticulate, interstices very wide, smooth and shiny (Fig. 12a); tarsal claws falcate; female hypopygium weakly sclerotized apically, translucent (Fig. 12c); male tarsal claws not bifid. Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Nelson W. Perioto, a colleague that has dedicated his career to the study of Neotropical Chalcidoidea.

Chalcis boi Saguiah & Tavares, sp. nov. Figs 1 a–f, 2a–d Diagnosis. Female. Malar space 0.8× eye height (Fig. 1c); ovipositor sheath obliquely truncate apically and with some long setae (Fig. 2d); protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 3 basal spines followed by 2 curved setae (Fig. 1e); metatarsomere 5 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 1–4 (Fig. 2a). Description. FEMALE. Length 8.8 mm. Color: Predominantly black, but with yellow, reddish-brown and golden-brown areas (Figs 1 a–c, f), as follows. The following yellow: a round spot on parascrobal area (Fig. 1c), a narrow basal band on protibia, first metafemoral tooth (Fig. 1f), metatibial spine (Fig. 1f), dorsal and posterolateral face of petiole, a transverse, short, medially interrupted band on Gt1, a spot on submedian area of Gt1 (Fig. 2c), a transverse band on Gt2 through Gt7+8. The following reddish-brown: ocelli, labrum, mandibles, maxillary palps and labial palps, protibia anteriorly, anterior half of mesotibia, and metafemur from the base through first tooth (Fig. 2f) and a small internal spot next to apex. Tegula, tarsi and a sub-basal portion of metatibia golden-brown. Wings infuscate (Figs 1a, b). Head. Lower face bulging above clypeus (Fig. 1d), with elongate umbilicate fovea enclosed by diagonal irregular carinae (Fig. 1c); parascrobal area densely foveate, interstices raised as irregular diagonal rugae, with a median intumescence, malar space 0.80× eye height (Fig. 1c); malar sulcus medially inconspicuous, straight, internal and external carinae fine and irregular, absent near eye; gena rugose, genal carina not reaching vertex; mandibular formula 2:3; antennal scrobe from coriaceous ventrally to slightly strigulate dorsally and with transverse carina below median ocellus (Fig. 1c); interantennal projection with median carina dorsally, carina extending midway to median ocellus. MOD:POL:APL:OOL = 0.21:0.48:0.36:0.17. Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with interstices coriaceous and dull, narrower than diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum distinctly convex, frenal carina forming two sublateral lobes; mesopleuron with mesepisternum puncticulate-foveolate dorsally to irregularly areolate-rugulose ventrally, interstices coarsely coriaceous; propodeum with median carina well defined, submedian carina absent, anterior and posterior costulae irregular, adpetiolar area with irregular rugae medially, anterosubmedial area areolate-rugose (Fig. 2b); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs with pubescence similar to other basal tarsomeres; protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally without pairs of distinct peg-like spines; protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 3 basal spines followed by 2 curved setae (Fig. 1e); mesocoxa densely pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.3× as long as width of mesotibial apex; metacoxa punctate-rugose dorsally, inner face glabrous; metafemur with outer face very densely punctate and interstices weakly coriaceous to smooth and shiny, ventrally without inner basal tooth but with 10 teeth along outer margin, outer basal tooth the largest and distant from second tooth, the second tooth minute, the third to sixth teeth similar-sized (Fig. 1f); metatibia with apical spine robust and longer than apical width of metatibia (Fig. 1f); metatarsomere 5 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 1–4 (Fig. 2a). Fore wing SMV:MV:PMV = 1.86:0.74:0.83. Metasoma. Petiole about 2.4× as long as wide, dorsal face flat, dorsally and ventrally without longitudinal carinae; hypopygial median projection with long bristles ventrally (about as long as the width of hypopygial projection in lateral view), and with dense set of short and appressed bristles apically (Figs 2c, d); ovipositor sheath obliquely truncate apically, with some long setae (Fig. 2d). MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype. ♀ (DZUP), ‘ Brasil, São Paulo, Cajuru, Fazenda Rio Grande, 21°12’S 47°07’W, 13.IV.2001, G.A. R. Melo & M.C. Gaglianone cols.’ (specimen missing antennae and the left foreleg). Biology. Unknown. Distribution. BRAZIL (S„o Paulo). Remarks. The only known female of C. boi is distinguished from females of C. intervalensis, C. ornatifrons, and C. pilicauda by its more robust body (Fig. 1a), the mesosoma being entirely black (Figs 1a, b), and the malar space being almost as long as height of an eye (Fig. 1c). It is further distinguished by the ovipositor sheath being obliquely truncate apically (Figs 2c, d), and metatarsomere 5 being slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 1–4 (Fig. 2a). Among the New World species, C. boi is similar to C. megalomis Burks, 1940, recorded from the United States and Mexico. Females of both have the mesosoma entirely black, the protarsal claws ventrally with basal spines followed by few curved setae, the metafemur ventrally with similar-sized teeth along the outer margin, the petiole without longitudinal carinae, and the ovipositor sheath obliquely truncate apically. However, C. boi differs from C. megalomis by the gaster having yellow stripes (uniformly brown in C. megalomis), the lower face bulging above the clypeus (Fig. 1d) (not bulging in C. megalomis), the malar space 0.8× eye height (0.7× eye height in C. megalomis), the mesoscutellum distinctly convex (almost flat in C. megalomis), the metafemur stronger and longer (not as strong or long in C. megalomis, see Burks 1940, fig. 11j), the metatibia with a robust apical spine (Fig. 1f) (triangular and acute in C. megalomis), and the petiole 2.4× as long as wide (1.5× as long as wide in C. megalomis). Etymology. The species epithet is a noun in apposition, from an expression in Brazilian Portuguese used in reference to very large individuals., Published as part of Saguiah, Pâmella Machado, Molin, Ana Dal & Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira, 2020, The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), pp. 353-383 in Zootaxa 4885 (3) on pages 356-358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4296699, {"references":["Burks, B. D. (1940) Revision of the chalcid-flies of the tribe Chalcidini in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 237 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3082.237"]}

Chalcis ornatifrons (Cameron), stat rev. Figs 8 a–f, 9a–d, 10a–d Smicra ornatifrons Cameron, 1909: 425. Type Data: Mendoza. Lectotype ♀ (NHMUK type no. 5-168, images examined), lec-totype designation by Delvare (1992: 189). Chalcis ornatifrons (Cameron): De Santis (1967: 214). Chalcis pilicauda (Cameron): Delvare (1992: 189) (incorrect synonymy). Diagnosis. Both sexes. Antennal scape with inner face sinuous (Fig. 8d); metatibia with spine shorter than the apical width of metatibia (Fig. 9b). Female. Tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs almost bare, pubescence very distinct from basal tarsomeres (Fig. 8f); protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally with distal spines distinctly shorter than the tarsomere width (Fig. 8f); protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 2 or 3 basal denticles followed by 3 curved setae (Fig. 9a). Male. Ventral plaque on distal quarter of antennal scape and with indistinct elongate sensillum (Fig. 10b); hypopygium with U-shaped distal notch, the medial portion of the notch straight (Fig. 10d). Description. FEMALE. Length 5.7–6.9 mm. Color: Body predominantly black, with yellow spots and some light brown areas as follows (Figs 8 a–c, 9b). The following parts yellow (size of the yellow areas may vary): spot on parascrobal area (Fig. 8c) (additional spot may be present on the inferior portion of the parascrobal area), interantennal projection (Fig. 8c), posterior margin of pronotal collar (Fig. 8b), median lobe of mesoscutum with a Vshaped spot on posterior margin, mesoscutellum posteriorly (Fig. 8b), tegula, outer face of metafemur dorsally and anteroventrally (Fig. 9b), metatibia subbasally (Fig. 9b), petiole dorsally and posterolaterally, Gt1 with a medially interrupted band, Gt2–Gt6 each with a complete band. The following parts light brown: ocelli, inner face of scape, (Fig. 8d) pedicel, flagellum ventrally (Fig. 8d), labrum, mandibles, maxillary and labial palps, fore and middle legs, metafemur (Fig. 9b); metatibia, tarsi, hypopygium. Wings infuscate (Figs 8a, b). Head. Lower face not bulging above clypeus, with elongate umbilicate fovea enclosed by diagonal irregular carinae; parascrobal area densely foveate, interstices raised as irregular diagonal rugae, median intumescence present; malar space 0.6–0.7× eye height (Fig. 8c); malar sulcus obliterate, internal carina absent, external carinae fine and irregular, at most present near eye; gena rugose, genal carina absent; mandibular formula 2:3; antennal scrobe from coriaceous ventrally to strigulate dorsally and with transverse carina below median ocellus (Fig. 8c); interantennal projection with median carina dorsally, carina extending to median ocellus midway. MOD:POL:APL:OOL = 0.14:0.38:0.14:0.32. Scape 4.5 – 5.2× as long as wide, inner face sinuous (Fig. 8d); anellus about 0.5× as long as wide; Fu1 longer than all other funicular segments, about 1.3× as long as wide and 1.2× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 8d). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with interstices coriaceous and dull, narrower than diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum convex, frenal carina forming two sublateral lobes; mesopleuron with mesepisternum densely punctate, interstices from smooth and shiny to finely coriaceous (Fig. 8e); propodeum with irregular median carina, submedian carina absent, anterior and posterior costulae irregular, adpetiolar area with a narrow and irregular areola medially, anterosubmedial area areolate-rugose (Fig. 9c); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs almost bare (Fig. 8f), mostly smooth and shiny, with inconspicuous short and sparse pubescence, distinct from basal tarsomeres; protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally without pairs of distinct peg-like spines (Fig. 8f), but with distal spines distinctly shorter than the tarsomere width; protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 2 or 3 basal denticles followed by 3 curved setae (Fig. 9a); mesocoxa densely pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.4× as long as the width of the mesotibial apex; metacoxa punctate-rugose dorsally, inner face pubescent; metafemur with outer face very densely punctate and interstices weakly coriaceous, ventrally without inner basal tooth but with 10–12 teeth along outer margin, outer basal tooth the largest and distant from second tooth, the other teeth increasing in size up to fifth tooth (Fig. 9b); metatibia with spine triangular and shorter than the apical width of metatibia (Fig. 9b); metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 2–5. Fore wing SMV:MV:PMV = 1.86:0.74:0.83. Metasoma. Petiole about 1.8–2.5× as long as wide, dorsal face flat and with dorsolateral carina along basal third (sometimes irregularly carinate), ventrally with median carina along basal half; hypopygial median projection apically with dense set of short and appressed bristles, ventrally with some bristles, the latter bristles about as long as the width of hypopygial projection in lateral view (Fig. 9d); ovipositor sheath rounded apically, without some long setae (Fig. 9d). MALE. Length: 6.8 mm. Similar to females (Fig. 10a), except: antennal scape with ventral plaque on distal quarter and with indistinct elongate sensillum (Fig. 10b); all tarsomeres distinctly pubescent; tarsal claws bifid and pectinate (Fig. 10c); hypopygium with concave surface and U-shaped distal notch, the medial portion of the notch straight (Fig. 10d). Material examined. Type material. Smicra ornatifrons, ♀ (NHMUK), ‘ Type’ ‘ P. Cameron Col. 1914-110’ ‘ Smicra ornatifrons Cam. Type Mendoza [Argentina]’ ‘B.M. Type Hym. 5.168a’ Lectotype /Delvare, 1989’ ‘[QR Code] NHMUK 013456438 ’. Other specimens examined (11♀ and 1♂). Argentina. Córdoba. Sierra Córdoba, 8.I.1930, S.J. Williner col. (1♀, MACN). La Rioja. Patquía, XII.1932 - I.1933, J.J. Hayward col. (7♀, 1♂, NHMUK). Mendoza. Mendoza, 6.XI.1906, J. Haarup col. (1♀, NHMUK); [no other data] (2♀, MACN). Biology. Unknown. Distribution. ARGENTINA (Cordoba, La Rioja, and Mendoza). Remarks. Cameron (1909) described Octosmicra pilicauda, Smicra ornatifrons and S. spinicoxu s based on differences in the distribution of yellow spots on the body and number of metafemoral teeth. Delvare (1992) considered that these differences represented intraspecific variation and placed S. ornatifrons and S. spinicoxus as junior synonyms of C. pilicauda. However, we found features that indicate C. ornatifrons and C. pilicauda are separate species, and therefore re-establish C. ornatifrons as a valid species. Cameron (1909) also described S. spinicoxus based on a single male specimen, which matches the color patterns and metafemoral teeth pattern described for C. pilicauda, described above. Chalcis ornatifrons differs from C. pilicauda by the smaller body; median lobe of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with yellow spots adjacent or fused medially (Fig. 8b) (widely apart medially in C. pilicauda, Fig. 14b); antennal flagellum ventrally brown (Fig. 8d) (black in C. pilicauda, Fig. 14d); Gt7+8 black (yellow in C. pilicauda); mesepisternum densely punctate (Fig. 8e) (puncticulate-coriaceous in C. pilicauda, Fig. 14e); metafemur ventrally with 10–12 teeth along outer margin (Fig. 9b) (7–9 teeth in C. pilicauda, Fig. 15b); metatibia with apical spine shorter than the apical width of metatibia (Fig. 9b) (longer in C. pilicauda, Fig. 15c); female tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs almost bare, mostly smooth and shiny (Fig. 8f) (pubescent laterally and with the pair of distal setae in C. pilicauda, Fig. 14f); female protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally with distal spines distinctly shorter than the tarsomere width (Fig. 8f) (about as long as the tarsomere width in C. pilicauda, Fig. 14f); female protarsal claws ventrally with 2 or 3 basal denticles followed by 3 curved setae (Fig. 9a) (3 or 4 basal denticles followed by 3 peg-like setae in C. pilicauda, Fig. 15a); petiole ventrally with median carina (with submedian carina in C. pilicauda); male antenna with ventral plaque on distal 1/4 of scape (Fig. 10b) (on distal third in C. pilicauda, Fig. 16b); and male hypopygium with the U-shaped distal notch transverse (Fig. 10d) (concave in C. pilicauda, Fig. 16c). Among the New Word species, C. ornatifrons and C. pilicauda are similar to C. divisa (Walker, 1962) and C. lasia Burks, 1940, from Mexico and California, respectively, as they present similar yellow spot patterns (face, pronotum, mesoscutellum and metafemur), protarsal claws ventrally with few basal denticles followed by 3 setae, and similar ventral teeth along outer margin of metafemur. Chalcis lasia differs from C. ornatifrons and C. pilicauda by the pronotal dorsum with yellow spot interrupted medially; mesoscutum and gaster entirely dark, without spots or bands (in males, Gt1 has one subapical yellow spot medially); profemur robust, not clavate; mesoscutellum flat and frenal lamina without sublateral lobes; metafemur with outer basal tooth not as developed; metatibial apical spine short and apically recurved toward tarsomeres; petiole dorsally with dorsolateral carina; and males with hypopygial margin shallowly concave distally, without U-shaped notch. Chalcis divisa differs from C. ornatifrons and C. pilicauda by the gaster entirely red-brown, without transverse bands dorsally; mesoscutellum with median depression or central hollow, frenal carina without sublateral lobes; and ovipositor sheath obliquely truncate apically., Published as part of Saguiah, Pâmella Machado, Molin, Ana Dal & Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira, 2020, The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), pp. 353-383 in Zootaxa 4885 (3) on pages 365-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4296699, {"references":["Cameron, P. (1909) A contribution to the knowledge of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Argentina. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 35 (4), 425 - 429.","Delvare, G. (1992) A reclassification of the Chalcidini with a checklist of the New World species. In: Delvare, G. & Boucek, Z. (Eds) On the New World Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Associated Publishers, Florida, pp. 119 - 376.","De Santis, L. (1967) Catalogo de los Himenopteros Argentinos de la Serie Parasitica, incluyendo Bethyloidea. Comision de Investigacion Cientifica, La Plata, 337 pp.","Burks, B. D. (1940) Revision of the chalcid-flies of the tribe Chalcidini in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 237 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.88 - 3082.237"]}

Chalcis pilicauda (Cameron) Figs 14 a–f, 15a–e, 16a–c Octosmicra pilicauda Cameron, 1909: 429. Type data: Mendoza. Lectotype ♀ (NHMUK type no. 5-229, examined), lectotype designation by Delvare (1992: 189). Smicra spinicoxus Cameron, 1909: 426 Type data: Mendoza. Lectotype ♂ (NHMUK type no. 5-170, images examined), lecto-type designation and synonymy by Delvare (1992: 189–190). Chalcis spinicoxus (Cameron): De Santis (1967: 214). Spilochalcis pilicauda (Cameron): De Santis (1967: 213). Chalcis pilicauda (Cameron): Delvare (1992: 189). Diagnosis. Both sexes. Antennal scape with inner face flattened (Figs 14c, d); metafemur ventrally with 7–9 teeth along outer margin, the basal tooth larger and distant from second tooth (Fig. 15b); inner face of metacoxa glabrous. Female. Tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs pubescent similarly to basal tarsomeres; protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally with distal spines about as long as the tarsomere width (Fig. 14f); protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 3 or 4 basal denticles followed by 3 peg-like setae (Fig. 15a). Male. Ventral plaque on distal third of antennal scape and with distinct elongate sensillum (Fig. 16b); hypopygium with distal U-shaped notch and the medial portion of the notch concave (Fig. 16c). Description. FEMALE. Length 6.1–7.2 mm. Color: Body predominantly black, with the following parts yellow to orange (Figs 14 a–c, 15b): spot on parascrobal area (Fig. 14c), outer orbit of eye, distal 1/4 of scape, pedicel, anellus, pronotal collar posteriorly and anterolaterally (sometimes only posteriorly), median lobe of mesoscutum laterally (Fig. 14b), anterolateral margin of lateral lobe (sometimes), tegula, mesoscutellum laterally, propodeal callus, inner face of profemur and protibia, outer and anterior faces of mesofemur, inner face of mesotibia, outer face of metafemur anteroventrally and diagonally (from dorsal base and bifurcate apically) (Fig. 15b), inner face metafemur apically, metatibia basally (Fig. 15c), tarsi, petiole dorsally, transverse band on Gt1 (sometimes with additional transverse band), Gt2 – Gt7+8, and hypopygium apically. Wings infuscate (Figs 14a, b). Head. Lower face not bulging above clypeus, with elongate umbilicate fovea enclosed by diagonal irregular carinae; parascrobal area densely foveate, interstices raised as irregular diagonal rugae, median intumescence present; malar space 0.6–0.7× eye height (Fig. 14c); malar sulcus inconspicuous, sinuous, internal and external carinae fine and inconspicuous, almost complete; gena rugose, genal carina absent; mandibular formula 2:3; antennal scrobe from coriaceous ventrally to slightly strigulate dorsally and with transverse carina below median ocellus (Fig. 14c); interantennal projection with median carina dorsally, carina extending to median ocellus midway. MOD:POL:APL: OOL = 0.16:0.40:0.12:0.30. Scape 4.0–4.9× as long as wide, inner face flattened (Fig. 14d); anellus about 0.5× as long as wide; Fu1 longer than all other funicular segments, about 2× as long as wide and 1.1× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 14d). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with interstices coriaceous and dull, narrower than diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum convex, frenal carina forming two sublateral lobes; mesopleuron with mesepisternum puncticulatecoriaceous dorsally to irregularly areolate-rugulose ventrally (Fig. 14e); propodeum with irregular median carina, submedian carina absent, anterior and posterior costulae irregular, adpetiolar area with a narrow and irregular areola medially, anterosubmedial area areolate-rugose (Fig. 15d); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs pubescent at least laterally and with the pair of distal setae, similar to basal tarsomeres (Fig. 14f); protarsomeres 4 and 5 ventrally without pairs of distinct peg-like spines, distal spines about as long as the tarsomere width (Fig. 14f); protarsal claws only slightly curved, ventrally with 3 or 4 basal denticles followed by 3 peg-like setae (Fig. 15a); mesocoxa densely pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.6× as long as the width of the mesotibial apex; metacoxa punctate-rugose dorsally, inner face glabrous; metafemur with outer face very densely punctate and interstices weakly coriaceous, ventrally without inner basal tooth but with 7–9 teeth along outer margin, outer basal tooth the largest and distant from second tooth, teeth 3–5 similarly-sized (Fig. 15b); metatibia with apical spine robust and longer than the apical width of metatibia (Fig. 15c); metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 2–5. Fore wing SMV:MV: PMV 2.28:1.15:1.08. Metasoma. Petiole about 1.8–2.6× as long as wide, dorsal face flat and with dorsolateral carina along the length of petiole (occasionally irregular and incomplete), ventrally with submedian carina along basal three-quarters; hypopygial median projection apically with dense set of short appressed bristles (Fig. 15e), ventrally with some bristles, the latter bristles at most as long as the width of hypopygial projection in lateral view; ovipositor sheath rounded apically, with some long setae (Fig. 15e). MALE. Length: 6.1 mm. Similar to female (Fig. 16a), except: antennal scape with ventral plaque on distal third and with distinct elongate sensillum (Fig. 16b); all tarsomeres distinctly pubescent; tarsal claws bifid and pectinate; hypopygium with concave surface and U-shaped distal, the medial portion of the notch concave (Fig. 16c). Material examined. Type material. Octosmicra pilicauda, ♀ (NHMUK), ‘ Lectotype / Delvare’ ‘ P. Cameron Col. 1914-110’ ‘ Octosmicra pilicauda Cam. Type Mendoza [Argentina]’ ‘ B.M. Type Hym. 5.229 ’ Lectotype /Del-vare, 1989’ ‘[QR Code] NHMUK 013456440 ’. Smicra spinicoxus, ♂ (NHMUK), ‘ Lectotype /Delvare’ ‘P. Cameron Col. 1914-110’ ‘ Smicra spinicoxis [sic] Cam. Type’ ‘ Mendoza [Argentina] XII’ ‘ S. spinicoxis [sic] (1909) Cameron’ ‘B.M. Type Hym. 5.170’ ‘ Lectotype / Delvare, 1989’ ‘[QR Code] NHMUK 013456439’. Other specimens examined (8♀ and 1♂). Argentina. Buenos Aires. La Plata, City Bell, A ° [Arroyo] Rodriguez, X.1975, emerged from puparium of Odontomyia sp., Denizi col. (1♂, MLPA). Córdoba. Ascochinga, Fritz col. (1♀ NHMUK); Capilla del Monte, Prf. Hosseus col. (1♀, NHMUK). La Rioja. Famatina, 22.II.1959, Torres-Gardella col. (1♀, MLPA). Mendoza. Mendoza, 02.XII.1906, Jansen Hearup V. col. (1♀, NMPC). Rio Negro [written as ‘Chile: R.N.’]. El Bolson, 01.XII.1962, A. Kovacs col., B.M. 1964–193 (1♀, NHMUK). Tucuman. S[an] P[edro] Colalao, Arnau, I.1948, Foerster, J. col. (1♀, ZSM). Brazil. Mato Grosso. Cáceres, 09.I.1985, C. Elias col. (1♀, DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul. Arroio Grande, 32°3’22’S, 53°11’57’’W, 101 m, Malaise, 02.IV.2004, R. F. Krüger col. (1♀, UFES). Biology. Emerged from puparium of Odontomyia sp. (Diptera, Stratiomyidae). Distribution. ARGENTINA (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Tucuman) and Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul). Remarks. See discussion about synonymic history and differential diagnosis of C. pilicauda under C. ornatifrons., Published as part of Saguiah, Pâmella Machado, Molin, Ana Dal & Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira, 2020, The South American species of Chalcis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), pp. 353-383 in Zootaxa 4885 (3) on pages 372-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4296699, {"references":["Cameron, P. (1909) A contribution to the knowledge of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Argentina. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 35 (4), 425 - 429.","Delvare, G. (1992) A reclassification of the Chalcidini with a checklist of the New World species. In: Delvare, G. & Boucek, Z. (Eds) On the New World Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Associated Publishers, Florida, pp. 119 - 376.","De Santis, L. (1967) Catalogo de los Himenopteros Argentinos de la Serie Parasitica, incluyendo Bethyloidea. Comision de Investigacion Cientifica, La Plata, 337 pp."]}

Chalcis quechua Saguiah & Tavares, sp. nov. Figs 17 a–f, 18a, b Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: Female. Antennal anellus longer than wide (Fig. 17d); mesepisternum mostly smooth and shiny at upper quarter; protarsal claws falcate; protarsomeres 4 and 5 each with a pair of peg-like spines ventrally (Fig. 17e); parascrobal area almost entirely smooth and shiny (Fig. 17c); metafemur ventrally with sharp inner basal tooth (Fig. 18a); propodeum with a well-defined diamond-shaped areola medial to adpetiolar area (Fig. 18b); petiole 5.2× as long as wide. Description. FEMALE. Length 5.5 mm. Color: Predominantly black but the following parts yellow (Figs 17 a–c, f): parascrobal area through lower face (Fig. 17c), pronotal collar (Fig. 17b), tegula, mesoscutellum laterally, profemur apically, anterior face of protibia, mesofemur basally and apically, mesotibia apically, metafemur internally and externally with C-shaped spot next to apex (Fig. 17f), metatibia basally, tarsi, and petiole. Wings slightly infuscate (Figs 17a, b). Head. Lower face not bulging above clypeus, with shallow umbilicate fovea, interstices moderately broad and finely coriaceous to smooth, shiny (Fig. 17c); parascrobal area foveolate, interstices broad and mostly smooth and shiny, median intumescence absent (Fig. 17c); malar space 0.4× eye height; malar sulcus conspicuous, sinuous; internal carina fine and inconspicuous, absent near eye; external carina conspicuous, complete; gena smooth to alutaceous, genal carina reaching vertex; mandibular formula 2:3; antennal scrobe from smooth and shiny ventrally to coriaceous dorsally and without transverse carina below median ocellus (Fig. 17c); interantennal projection without median carina dorsally. MOD:POL:APL:OOL = 0.5:0.3:0.11:0.13. Scape 6.1× as long as wide, inner face flattened; anellus longer than wide; Fu1 about 2× as long as wide, and 1.0× as long as Fu2 length (Fig. 17d). Mesosoma. Mesoscutum with interstices coriaceous and dull, narrower than diameter of umbilicate foveae; mesoscutellum flat, frenal carina forming two sublateral lobes; mesopleuron with mesepisternum from smooth and shiny to coriaceous at upper quarter and along the outer margin (except for 1 fovea dorsally), rugulose medially and foveate ventrally; propodeum with regular median carina, submedian carina absent, anterior costulae incomplete, posterior costulae irregular, adpetiolar area with well-defined and diamond-shaped areola medially, anterosubmedial area sparsely rugose to coriaceous (Fig. 18b); tarsomeres 4 and 5 of all legs with pubescence similar to basal tarsomeres; protarsomeres 4 and 5 each with a pair of distinct peg-like spines ventrally (Fig. 17e); protarsal claws falcate, ventrally with 4 basal spines followed by 1 acute prominence; mesocoxa slightly pubescent posteriorly; mesotibial spur 0.9× as long as the width of the mesotibial apex; metacoxa smooth and shiny dorsally, inner face pubescent; metafemur with outer face punctate and interstices smooth and shiny, ventrally with acute inner basal tooth (Fig. 18a) and 12 or 13 teeth along the outer margin, outer basal tooth the largest and close to second tooth, the latter minute, the following teeth increasing in size up to the sixth tooth (Fig. 17f); metatibia with apical spine slender and longer than the apical width of metatibia; metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than any of tarsomeres 2–5. Fore wing SMV:MV:PMV = 1.59:0.82:0.82. Metasoma. Petiole 5.2× as long as wide, cylindrical, dorsolateral carina very short, ventrally without longitudinal carina; hypopygial median projection apically with distinct set of short and appressed bristles, ventrally with densely distributed bristles (bristles longer than the width of hypopygial projection in lateral view); ovipositor sheath slightly obliquely truncate apically, with some long setae. MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype. ♀ (NHMUK), ‘ Ecuador, Napo, 10 Km SW of Tena, 500 m, 21.VIII.1981 M. Cooper col.’. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. ECUADOR (Napo). Remarks. The only known female of C. quechua is most similar to C. danunciae and C. winstonae females (see “Putative Relationships” below), but can be distinguished from those by the presence of an inner basal tooth ventrally on the metafemur (Fig. 18a) and a more elongate petiole, 5.2× as long as wide. This female was collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon, resulting in the most remote distribution in comparison to all other species treated here (Fig. 22). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition that refers to the Indigenous peoples present in the type locality.

Chartocerus hebes Girault, 1929 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B7FBF276-AEC1-4F17-85CD-BA04AED6564E EOL taxon ID: 848102 (Figure 8; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893739) Girault (1929), as Matritia hebes (original description). Dahms (1984, p. 682): notes on type material. Type material. LECTOTYPE female [here designated]: QM T4416, slide, with 1 female (‘Hy.235 | Matritia hebes Girault | also wing ♀ cotype | Ent. Div. Dep. Ag. & Stk., Qld. 4416’). PARALECTOTYPES: 5 females. In the original description, Girault mentions ‘three females from spider eggs in a leafnest, Tasmania’ (Girault 1929, p. 311), but based on the labels and the fact the QM specimens are also labelled as ‘cotypes’, Dahms (1984) indicated the type series was actually composed of six specimens, considered syntypes. He reported on material at two institutions: 1 slide at SAM containing 3 females (Label: ‘ TYPE | Matritia hebes Girault | type ♀ S. Aus. Mus. Ent. Div. Dep. Ag. & Stk., Qld.’), plus 1 card and 1 slide labelled as cotypes at QM. The card contains 2 females and a glue spot where a third specimen (likely the slide one) was attached, labelled ‘ Tasmania || From eggs of spider in leaf nest || 4416 || Matritia hebes Girault | Cotype ♀ ’s | T 246546 (left), T 246547 (center)’, and the data from the QM material matches the original description. The slide-mounted female at QM (T 4416) is here designated as lectotype, and the slide has been labelled accordingly. Description. Female. Body dark, legs also dark, but posterior part of fore leg and apical part of metatibia lighter, tarsi yellowish. Wing infuscation differs from other species of Chartocerus because the apical part is darker than the basal part, with darkened areas extending below the stigmal vein. Head round in frontal view with deep punctations along inner margin of eyes, scattered on face and genae. Scape about 3× as long as wide, pedicel about 2× as long as wide, ring segments in ratios of 4:2:2:1, clava about 5× as long as wide. Scutellum about 1/3 of length of scutum. Fore wing with 2 setae on submarginal vein, 1 costal seta, 6 setae on marginal vein. Basitarsus of mid leg about 1/3 of length of mid leg. The propodeum and Mt1 were not cleared well enough in this preparation to be visualised; the same applies to the setation of the mesoscutum and scutellum., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 693-696, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1929. Notes on, and descriptions of, chalcid wasps in the South Australian Museum. Concluding paper. Trans R Soc South Aust. 53: 309 - 346.","Dahms EC. 1984. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F-M with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 579 - 842."]}

Chartocerus australiensis Ashmead, 1900 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7C9C7FB7-7B69-4477-9F7B-9AC18FB66A2A EOL taxon ID: 847913 (Figure 1; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893692) Ashmead (1900, p. 410), as Signiphora australiensis (original description). Girault (1913a): notes on type material, descriptive notes, host record, distribution record. Girault (1915): notes (republished from 1913a). Type material. LECTOTYPE female [here designated]: USNM Type No. 4771, mounted in balsam. ‘ Signiphora | australiensis Ash. | ♀ Type no. | 4771. USNM | Australia. | Koebele. 12.’ The original description does not provide further information. PARALECTOTYPE females: two specimens on same slide with same label data. Girault (1913a) redescribed the type material, having remounted the specimens on slides. The slide locality label is in Girault’s handwriting. One of the three females is damaged, embedded in resin that leaked outside of the coverslip. The head is detached from one of the other females (but it bears a complete antenna), and it is next to the third female. We here designate the female with detached head as lectotype, and the slide has been labelled accordingly. Description. Females. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 0.5–0.8 mm (n = 3). Body predominantly dark, originally described as black with metallic tones, scutellum ‘with a bluish tinge’ and mesonotum ‘with a bronzy tinge’. It is perceptible in the type slide that the scutellum is slightly darker than most of the mesoscutum, metanotum and medial area of propodeum. Head dark, as in pronotum and most of metasoma, antennal clava and anelli lighter than pedicel and scape. Legs tan, lateroposterior part of protibia and mesotibia lighter, tarsi white. Fore wings infuscated, darker patch extending from base to apex of stigmal vein, lighter infuscation on apex, and two hyaline patches: one at basalposterior area, and one posterior to stigma vein, slightly curved towards base of wing. Head sculpture punctate and longitudinally striate, more conspicuous punctations along outer margin of antennal scrobes and inner margins of eyes, 1.3× as wide as high. Antennal scrobes well defined, extending through 3/4 of height of head. Other sulci absent. Eyes large, glabrous, about 2/3 of head height. Antenna with 4 anelli (1:1:1:1.2), clava 5× as long as wide, scape about ¾ length of clava; pedicel about 1/3 length of clava. Pronotum through metanotum striate or striate to reticulate, fainter in scutellum and metanotum; pronotum barely visible dorsally in the specimen; mesoscutum about 3.5× longer than scutellum, with about 13–15 small setae, most closer to medial-posterior area, scutellum with 7 setae aligned in parallel with posterior margin plus 1 larger seta on top of each axilla; internally marked axillae project anteriorly from scutellum to about ½ of mesoscutum; metanotum about 2/3 length of scutellum; medial triangle of propodeum finely reticulate. Protibia about 2/3 of length of mesotibia. Mesofemur with 3 large apical spines; mesobasitarsus a little more than 1/3 length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur about 2/ 3 of length of basitarsus; metatibia as long as mesotibia. Apex of medial sclerite of propodeum curved, reaching posterior margin of propodeal segment. Propodeal segment reaches but does not overlap the area between the lobes of Mt1. Fore wings about 2.5× as long as wide; longest setae of marginal fringe about ¼ of wing width; discal seta absent, 1 seta in submarginal vein; seta M1 absent; 5 small setae in basal area. Hind wings 4× as long as wide, longest setae of marginal fringe about ½ maximum width of wing; discal seta present; 2 setae on base of marginal vein. Mt1 bilobed, with slightly curved connection between the two lobes. Imbricate sculpture evident on tergites. Plates of ovipositor almost reach base of gaster. Biology. In the original description, Ashmead mentions an unidentified ‘rhynchotan’ (i.e. Hemiptera) as host. Girault (1913a) reported on another slide (USNM: not located) ‘Acanthococcid on Eucalyptus ’ from Koebele material collected in New South Wales., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 683-685, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Ashmead WH. 1900. On the genera of the chalcid-flies belonging to the subfamily Encyrtinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 22: 323 - 412. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.22 - 1202.323.","Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184."]}

Chartocerus ruskini Girault, 1921 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ED82C36C-9356-4A7F-AC82-C5E0103EAD62 EOL taxon ID: 847839 (Figure 10; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893747) Girault (1921, p. 188), as Signiphora ruskini (original description). Dahms (1986, p. 491): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM T4406, on a slide in bad condition, labelled: ‘ Lathromeroidea nigrella ♂,♀, Anaphoidea linnaei 2 ♀’s, Signiphora ruskini Gir. Type. ♀ 4406 | (red label) 4406). There are several coverslip fragments with several other damaged specimens, some of which do not appear to be listed on the label. The slide does not have date information, but in the original description, Girault indicates ‘Nelson, forest, 6 March 1919 ’. The propodeal sclerite was dissected; head, legs, wings and antennae were also separated. The head is broken and partially under a corner of the coverslip that is cracked. Description. Female. Length ~ 0.6 mm. Body mostly brown; scutellum, mesoscutum and pronotum slightly lighter than metasoma (the propodeum was dissected, so it appears lighter); the legs were removed, but were described as orange. Fore wing infuscation darker from base to under seta M4; remainder of wing lightly infuscated except for a hyaline basal area posteriorly and the very apex. Face striate, frontovertex with punctations more evident. Scutellum a little less than ½ length of mesoscutum. The fore wing setation seems to be similar to other Chartocerus but is slightly obscured. Fore wing 2.7× as long as wide, marginal fringe as long as slightly less than ½ maximum wing width. Mt1 bilobed., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 697-698, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1921. Miscellaneous species of Chalcid-flies from Australia (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus. 9: 186 - 191.","Dahms EC. 1986. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: IV. Chalcidoidea species N-Z and Genera with advisory notes plus addenda and corrigenda. Mem Queensland Mus. 22: 319 - 739."]}

Chartocerus australicus Girault, 1913 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BE035C57-4B1D-4D49-97EF-C4154DFCB0B0 EOL taxon ID: 847848 (Figure 2; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3894025) Girault (1913a, p. 226), as Signiphora australica (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 91): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype male, QM Hy 773 (T773; T4412), under cracked resin and coverslip, along with a specimen of Aphelinoidea howardi Gir. Transcription of labels as in Dahms (1983): ‘From window of a workmen’s quarters. Sugar farm, Nelson [= Gordonvale], N.Q. XII.21.1911 ’, ‘ Signiphora australica Girault, ♂ Type, Hy/773 4412, 4412 ’, and on the reverse of the slide, ‘Queensland Museum. TYPE, Hy/773 S’. Dahms (1983) lists two other slides at the QM, one topotypical, with the date of 4 December 1911 (paratype, male) and the other without locality information, on the same slide as the type of C. australiensis orbiculatus. The original description refers only to the two males from Nelson (‘in xylol-balsam, December 4 and 21, 1911 ’) and indicates Hy 773 as the type. Dahms (1983) also states that T4412 was a duplicate QM accession number for this specimen and had been cancelled. Description. Male. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 0.6 mm. Body brown; metasoma and propodeum darker than head and mesosoma; antennae, genae and clypeus slightly lighter than surrounding areas. Head approximately round in frontal view, antennal scrobes evident, clava 7× as long as wide, 3 anelli (2:2:1), pedicel 2.5× as long as wide, scape 4× as long as wide, clava 2.5× length of scape. Many structures cannot be observed. Pronotum about 8× as wide as long. The other sclerites were crushed; margins are not discernible. The wings are not visible. Median propodeal sclerite seems to be coarsely reticulated like the remainder of the metasoma. Mt1 visibly bilobed., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 685-686, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus beethoveni Girault, 1915 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B94D903A-6262-4516-A95B-FDB8C9D0C032 EOL taxon ID: 847846 (Figure 4; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893696) Girault (1915, p. 71), as Signiphora beethoveni (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 119): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM Hy 2969 (T2969, T4418), QMB, Chindera, New South Wales, 9 May 1914, A.P. Dodd, ‘sweeping forest on sand-ridges near coast’. Partially crushed; medially broken. On the same slide there are parts of Tetracnemoidea secunda (Girault, 1915) (as Arhopoideus secundus Gir.). A separate label indicates ‘ Signiphora beethoveni Gir. | ♀ type | 4418 ’. Described from Chindera, New South Wales, 9 May 1914, A.P. Dodd, ‘sweeping forest on sand-ridges near coast’. It is unambiguous that T2969 refers to the S. beethoveni specimen as it is cited in the original description. Dahms (1983) states that T4418 was a duplicate QM accession number for this specimen and had been cancelled. Description. Female. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 1.15 mm. Head and body appear uniformly light brown; head (frontovertex) slightly darker; fore legs and tarsi of all legs lighter brown to almost transparent. The wings are faded, mostly hyaline, but were described as with an infuscated band medially under the marginal vein. Head with frontovertex finely transversely striate, punctations typical of most Chartocerus not visible. Antennal scrobes well delimited. The morphology of the antenna is very distinctive, similar to that described for males of C. kerrichi: clava wide, ellipsoid, 3× longer than maximum width; 4 anelli (4:2:2:1), pedicel 2× as long as wide, scape 4× as long as wide and about ¾ of length of clava. Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum transversally striate to finely, faintly reticulate; axillae reticulate, medial area of propodeum reticulate at lateral margins to striate medially, with cells 2–3× wider than long. Mesoscutum about 3.5× length of scutellum. Fore wing 3× as long as wide, marginal fringe slightly longer than ½ of maximum width of wing, 2 setae in submarginal vein, M1 lacking, 5 small setae in basal area of wing, 1 wing in costal cell. Mesotibia 2× as long as protibia; metatibia only slightly longer than protibia, mesofemur with 3 spines, mesobasitarsus about ½ length of mid tibia and mesotibial spur about same length of basitarsus, with 5 teeth. Mt1 bilobed., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 687-689, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus gratius (Girault, 1932), described as Matritia gratia (Girault 1932) was not examined. Dahms (1984) notes that the syntypes are in Perth (DEAP) and that the type series is a single slide containing 10 damaged syntypes of both sexes. We have not been able to examine this material. Girault’s (1932) original description states ‘From hebes. Wing 1 sans cross-band. Middle tibial spur all pale; hind fringe wing 2 ½ widest. Western Australia, on Dactylopius, L.J. Newman’., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 700, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1932. New lower Hymenoptera from Australia and India. Brisbane: Private publication; p. 6.","Dahms EC. 1984. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F-M with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 579 - 842."]}

Chartocerus delicatus Girault, 1933 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C9E2E3E9-6AD8-41E0-8AE2-4A8B7438EF0E EOL taxon ID: 848109 (Figure 6; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893702) Girault (1933, p. 2), as Matricia (sic) delicata (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 216): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM T8736; partially broken, the head and one antenna removed. Dahms (1983) mentions the slide was cracked and mended with paper, and that it contains the female holotype together with several other insects. The label data reads: ‘ Matritia delicata Girault, Type ♀ || On adhesive bracts of Passaflora [sic], Taringa, 26 November 1928 | Ent. Div. Dep. Ag. & Stk., Qld.’ The original description mentions only ‘Taringa, No. 26, 1928’. Dahms (1983) provides some more information from Girault’s unpublished manuscript: ‘One female found upon the adhesive bracts of Passaflora [= Passiflora] foetida in my home garden was the type.’ Description. Female. Length 0.74 mm. Body light brown; legs and tarsi yellowish or light brown, syntergum and ovipositor sheath seem slightly darker than the rest of the body. Wing infuscation seems to cover the entire wing; it suggests a medial hyaline area, but the infuscation only gets lighter close to the end of the stigmal vein, and then also noticeably infuscated at the apex of the wing, with another small hyaline area on the anterior portion. Head roughly rounded in frontal view; punctate sculpturing. Pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum transversely striate; axillae reticulate, medial area of propodeum reticulate. Mesoscutum with about 14 small setae arranged somewhat symmetrically in posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum with 9–10 fine setae in posterior margin of scutellum and 1 on top of each axilla. Protibia about 2/3 of length of mesotibia; mesotibia about 2/3 of length of metatibia; mesobasitarsus less than half of length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur with 5 teeth. Fore wing with 2 setae on submarginal vein, lacking M1, as described above for other Australian species of Chartocerus. Hind wing 6.5× as long as wide, marginal fringe a little less than ½ width of wing. Mt1 bilobed, although faintly visible. Remarks. Girault (1933) mentions it differs from C. australicus by shorter marginal fringe in wings, and metafemur infuscated only apically, which might have been an oversight, since several other species of Chartocerus present such a pattern., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 691-693, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of the boudoirs of commerce but of natures bosom - new insects. Brisbane: Private publication; p. 2.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus thusanoides Girault, 1915 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7158060D-5DCC-41FB-8D23-1A4A790FF251 EOL taxon ID: 847837 (Figure 11; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893753) Girault (1915, p. 71), as Signiphora thusanoides (original description). Dahms (1986, p. 588): notes on type material. Remarks. Holotype female, QM Hy 2968 (T2968), on a slide in bad condition with two coverslip fragments, labelled ‘TYPE || 4415 || (fading) Signiphora thusanoides Gir. ♀ type || Holotype Signiphora thusanoides, Gir. Det. J. B. Woolley “79”’. The specimen was crushed, with the mesosoma broken in half, but otherwise most structures are observable; the head is broken in several pieces. The other coverslip fragment contains another ♀ but there is no indication of identification. Dahms (1986) states that number T4415 was a duplicate QM accession number for this type and had been cancelled. The number QM Hy 2968 is given in the original description. Description.Female. Length about 1.4 mm. Body mostly brown, legs lighter, with apical tarsomeres of metatibia tan; posterior face of mesotibia yellowish white. The head capsule was completely crushed; some punctations are visible on the fragments of the genae. Scape 4× as long as wide, pedicel a little less than 2× as long as wide, 4 anelli (2:3:4:7). Clava about 4× as long as wide. Pronotum about 5× as wide as long, mesoscutum 2.5× longer than scutellum. Fore wing wide, 2.3× as long as wide. Hind wing about 3× as long as wide, marginal fringe about ¼ of width of mesotibia. Mt1 slightly bilobed, the two lobes very close to each other, giving Mt1 the same trapezoid appearance as propodeum. Ovipositor short, the outer plates not reaching ½ length of the metasoma., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on pages 698-700, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184.","Dahms EC. 1986. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: IV. Chalcidoidea species N-Z and Genera with advisory notes plus addenda and corrigenda. Mem Queensland Mus. 22: 319 - 739."]}

Chartocerus australiensis orbiculatus Girault, 1915 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E1B6555A-B559-41F5-BACE-26F20E018452 (Figure 3; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893660) Girault (1915, p. 68), as Signiphora australiensis orbiculata (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 92, 111): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype male, QM Hy 2965 (T2965). The label, in Girault’s handwriting, indicates: ‘Type | Hy/2965 | A.A. Girault || Signiphora | australica Gir. || (red label) 4409 | Signiphora | australiensis | orbiculata | Gir. ♀ ’. The description indicates the locality as Gordonvale (Cairns), North Queensland, but this locality information is not provided in the slide labels. Dahms (1983, p. 92) describes the slide which contains the holotype as ‘slide #3’ in his discussion of C. australicus: ‘2 coverslip fragments; the one closest to “ TYPE ” label contains ♀ Signiphora australiensis orbiculata Girault; the other fragment contains a ♀ Signiphora australica, head, wings and some legs separated’. The female indication in the label is a lapsus (holotype is a male). Dahms (1983) states that T 4409 is the QM number for the holotype. Description. Male. Length (pronotum to apex of epiproct): 2.2 mm. Body brown; legs slightly lighter, tarsi of mid leg and hind leg white, and apical tarsomere of hind leg tan. Fore wings infuscated, interrupted by a median hyaline band; the anterior part of the infuscation extending from the base to the stigmal vein is slightly darker than the posterior. Head (crushed in the specimen; some structures not clearly visible), scape wide (approximately 3× as long as wide, pedicel 2× as long as wide, anelli not visible, clava fairly short and wide (4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum about 2× as long as scutellum, with 12 setae: 8 setae in posterior margin of scutellum plus 1 on top of each axilla. Mesotibia ½ length of metatibia, mesobasitarsus about ½ length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur slightly shorter than basitarsus, with 5 teeth. Mesofemur with 3 spines. Fore wings 3× as long as wide, marginal setae about 1/3 of maximum wing width, 1 seta in submarginal vein. Hind wing 4× as long as wide, marginal fringe about ½ width of wing, 1 seta in marginal vein. Mt1 bilobed, with a transverse area separating the two lobes. Remarks. This name was made available at the subspecies level. Girault (1915) defined this subspecies based on differences of the wing infuscation. The distal portion of the wing is faintly infuscated as in C. australiensis australiensis., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 686, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Mem Queensland Mus. 4: 1 - 184.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

Chartocerus funeralis Girault, 1913 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 56888B8B-F5B3-47FF-8E1B-02BC10624260 EOL taxon ID: 848103 (Figure 7; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893731) Girault (1913a, p. 224), as Signiphora funeralis (original description). Dahms (1984, p. 582, 634; 1986, p. 568): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM Hy 771 (T4410). Dahms (1984) describes one slide with a coverslip fragment with the holotype of S. funeralis, complete, along with other chalcidoids (identified as Anagrus armatus, Abbella subflavella and the holotype of Pseudogramma fasciatipenne Gir.) (label: ‘From windows of empty dwellings, Herberton, N.Q., XII.28.1911, Hy 771 | 3484, 4410, 3484’), and a second slide (not type material) with a fragment containing a male S. funeralis partially dissected (head, antenna and one leg) (label: ‘ Signiphora funeralis Gir. | Indooroopilly | window | VII.5.1933)’ and a separate coverslip with a specimen of Chartocerus hebes (as M. hebes). Dahms (1984) states that T4410 was a duplicate QM accession number for the type specimen and had been cancelled. T3484 refers to the specimen of Abbella subflavella. Description. Female. Length 0.74 mm. The holotype has faded to a yellowish tone, but it was originally described as being dark like the other species of Chartocerus, with metallic tinge on the head and mesoscutum. Fore wing infuscated except for a small basal area, posteriorly. Head with punctations scattered on face and genae. Scape about 4.5× as long as wide, pedicel 2× as long as wide, ring segments in ratios of 6:4:2:1, resembling C. kerrichi, clava 5× as long as wide. Mesoscutum a little more than 3.5× length of scutellum, with scattered small setae; scutellum with 6 faint setae along posterior margin. Fore wing almost 3× as long as wide, marginal fringe roughly ½ width of the wing. Mesobasitarsus less than ½ length of mesotibia, mesotibial spur about 1/3 of the basitarsus. Mt1 bilobed, the two lobes separated smoothly by a concave curve; propodeal sclerite projecting posteriorly gradually., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 693, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Dahms EC. 1984. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F-M with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 579 - 842."]}

Chartocerus corvinus Girault, 1913 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F8E2494C-599C-4BC9-BCF1-08255B0A2082 EOL taxon ID: 847843 (Figure 5; DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3893699) Girault (1913a, p. 225), as Signiphora corvina (original description). Dahms (1983, p. 198; 1984, p. 698, 701; 1986, p. 409, 568): notes on type material. Type material. Holotype female, QM Hy 772, same slide as type of Gonatocerus huxleyi Girault and other specimens identified as Signiphora australiensis, Abbella subflava, Ufens piceipes and Aphelinoidea howardii, ‘from a window in a granary and barn on a wheat farm at Roma, Queensland, 6 October 1911 ’. The accession number Hy 772 is not indicated on the slide; number 4407 is indicated on a red label. According to Dahms (1983), this female is in fact the holotype: ‘QM: Slide – 1 cracked, complete coverslip (partly missing over 1 specimen) containing the Holotype = (head separated) of Signiphora corvina and other specimens as per labels “ Gonatocerus huxleyi Girault, ♀ Type 1040. From windows of a granary, Roma, Q., 6 October 1911 AAG 3691, 3691” [...]’. An arrow was added by JBW to indicate the holotype. Dahms (1983) states that number T4407 was a duplicate QM accession number for this type and had been cancelled. T3691 refers to the Gonatocerus specimen. Description. Female. Length about 1.2 mm. Body dark, femora and tibia slightly lighter, protibia especially light distally. Tarsi of all legs lighter than the rest of the legs. The basal infuscation of the fore wing extends in the anterior-basal portion of the wing to the stigmal vein. Head round in frontal view, genae reticulate, punctations lateral to antennal scrobes; interantennal area seems lighter than clypeus and genae. Eyes relatively small, about 1/3 height of head. Antennal scape about 5× as long as wide, pedicel and ring segments cannot be observed, club about 2.6× as long as wide. Mesoscutum transversally striate; scutellum, metanotum and basal part of medial propodeal sclerite striate to reticulate towards margins. Mesoscutum at least 2× length of scutellum. It is not possible to count the setae on the mesosomal terga. Fore wing very broad, at the broadest part about ½ length of wing. The wing vein reaches about half of the distance to the apex. Marginal fringe very short, not more than 1/8 of wing width, 2 setae on submarginal vein, M1 missing (M6 is broken in this type but the socket is visible). Hind wing also wide towards the apex, about 3.5× as long as wide, marginal fringe 1/5 of wing width, with discal seta. Mesobasitarsus less than ½ length of mesotibia; mesotibial spur slightly shorter than basitarsus and with 4 teeth. Mesofemur with 2 visible spines., Published as part of Molin, Ana Dal & Woolley, James B., 2020, Notes on types of Australian Chartocerus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), pp. 681-702 in Journal of Natural History 54 (9) on page 689, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1785573, http://zenodo.org/record/4290435, {"references":["Girault AA. 1913 a. A systematic monograph of the chalcidoid Hymenoptera of the subfamily Signiphorinae. Proc US Natl Mus. 45: 189 - 233. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1977.189.","Dahms EC. 1983. A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A-E with advisory notes. Mem Queensland Mus. 21: 1 - 255."]}

This is a poster presented as part of the term project for BIOL 604

The first checklist of genera of Hymenoptera from Espírito Santo state, Brazil is presented. A total of 973 genera of Hymenoptera is listed, of which 555 (57%) are recorded for the first time from this state. Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea are the two superfamilies with the most genera, 241 and 203 respectively. Braconidae, with 141 genera, are the richest family. The first checklist of genera of Hymenoptera from Espírito Santo state, Brazil is presented. A total of 973 genera of Hymenoptera is listed, of which 555 (57%) are recorded for the first time from this state. Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea are the two superfamilies with the most genera, 241 and 203 respectively. Braconidae, with 141 genera, are the richest family. Fil: Azevedo, Celso O.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Brasil Fil: Molin, Ana Dal. Texas A&M University; Estados Unidos Fil: Penteado-Dias, Angelica. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil Fil: Macedo, Antonio C. C.. Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo; Brasil Fil: Rodriguez-V, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Dias, Bianca Z. K.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Brasil Fil: Waichert, Cecilia. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Aquino, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Smith, David. Smithsonian Institution; Estados Unidos Fil: Shimbori, Eduardo M.. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil Fil: Noll, Fernando B.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Gibson, Gary. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Canadá Fil: Onody, Helena. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil Fil: Carpenter, James M.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos Fil: Lattke, John. Universidad Nacional de Loja; Ecuador Fil: Ramos, Kelli dos S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Williams, Kevin. Florida State Collection of Arthropods; Estados Unidos Fil: Masner, Lubomir. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Canadá Fil: Kimsey, Lynn. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Tavares, Marcelo T.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Brasil Fil: Olmi, Massimo. Università degli Studi della Tuscia; Italia Fil: Buffington, Matthew L.. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados Unidos Fil: Ohl, Michael. Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart; Alemania Fil: Sharkey, Michael. University of Kentucky; Estados Unidos Fil: Johnson, Norman F.. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Kawada, Ricardo. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Brasil Fil: Gonçalves, Rodrigo B.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Feitosa, Rodrigo. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Heydon, Steven. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Guerra, Tânia M.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Brasil Fil: da Silva, Thiago S. R.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Brasil Fil: Costa, Valmir. Instituto Biológico; Brasil