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[THE INFLUENCE OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES BASED ON CROTON OIL AND DERRIS ROOT AGAINST BROWN PLANTHOPPER]. Brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) is a serious pest in rice. Using synthetic insecticide to control BPH is harmful for human health and can caused environmental pollution. The objective of this research is to find out ecofriendly insecticide to control BPH. Research has been conducted at Entomological laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), Bogor. It was designed with CRD, 16 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of botanical insecticides based on Croton tiglium and Derris elliptica. Each material was extracted by water, methanol, and xylene, and then tested by individually and combination, so there were 15 formulas and 1 control treatment (water). Third nymph BPH and IR64 rice variety were used in this research. Research was done in two methods, i.e. contact application and residual application. The result shows that there are 11 formulas which are prospective to be further developed i.e aqueous extraction (6 formulas) and combination extraction (aqueous with xylene and methanol (5 formulas). The aqueous extraction maybe the most prospective formulation since the technique could easily be adopted by farmers. Botanical pesticide based on Croton tiglium and Derris elliptica are very promising, therefore the research should be continued to find out the best formula of botanical insecticides for controlling BPH).

Daun ubi jalar ungu dan daun jambu biji dikenal sebagai tanaman obat dan telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk membantu mengatasi berbagai masalah kesehatan. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh mutu bahan baku dan teknik ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan teknik ekstraksi terstandar daun ubi jalar ungu dan daun jambu biji Australia untuk menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Tahap kegiatan meliputi penanganan bahan baku, analisis mutu simplisia, ekstraksi, dan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan. Kegiatan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu konsentrasi pelarut etanol (50, 70 dan 96%) dan lama ekstraksi (2, 3, 4 jam). Parameter yang diamati yaitu mutu simplisia, rendemen ekstrak dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kandungan flavonoid simplisia daun ubi jalar ungu sebesar 1,30% dan daun jambu biji Australia 2,72%. Rendemen ekstrak berkisar antara 8,4-68,2% dan 21,2-53,8%. Nilai IC50 untuk aktivitas antioksidan terkecil ekstrak daun ubi jalar ungu yaitu 33,34 bpj hasil ekstraksi dengan etanol 70% selama 2 jam dan daun jambu biji Australia nilainya 10,10 bpj hasil ekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol 96% selama 3 jam. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun jambu biji Australia lebih kuat dibandingkan ekstrak daun ubi jalar ungu. Konsentrasi pelarut berpengaruh terhadap rendemen ekstrak dan kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan.

One of the causes of low cashew productivity in production centers is the attacks by pest, especially the mosquito bug Helopeltis sp. (Hemiptera: Miridae). Control efforts can be done by using the resistant varieties. The study was conducted at Cikampek Experimental Farm, from January–December 2018. This study aims to determine the level of resistance of crossbred cashew (F1) against Helopeltis sp. using the free-choice test method. The study was arranged in a Randomized Group Design and repeated 2 times. Total of 50 crossbred cashew strains propagated by grafting were placed in cages in a circular position. The number of plants in each cage was 23 strains. A total of 5 pairs adult of Helopeltis sp. that had been fed for 2 hours were introduced and placed in the center of the cage. The observation began 2 days after Helopeltis sp. infested which repeated every 3 days for 1 month or stopped if the insects died. Parameters observed included the number of eggs laid, number of eggs hatched, number of Helopeltis sp. perched, attack intensity, number of shoots, number of leaves grown and length of recovery period. The results showed that 23 strains were tolerant to Helopeltis sp., namely numbers: 2.1, 5.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, 10.3, 11.4, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 15.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, 19.3, 21.1, 21.3, 22.3, 22.4, 24.1, and 25.4. The attack intensity was 10-87.5 %. At the time of recovery, shoot growth reached 1-4 shoots and leave growth reached 2-11 leaves. The recovery period occurred for 10-14 days. The yield of the tolerant strains obtained required for further testing in the field.

Mentha arvensis is an annual herbaceous plant that produces cornmint oil used for pharmaceutical and food industries. As a source of menthol and dimentolized oil, M . arvensis has a profitable opportunity to be cultivated in Indonesian agroclimate . The research was conducted to obtain the optimal dosages of N, P and K fertilizers, for increasing the yield and oil quality of M . arvensis , planted in Cicurug Research garden ( latosol soil, 5 5 0 m asl .) , by using randomized block design, with two factors, arranged factorially, with 3 replications. First factor was M. arvensis promising number (Mear 00 10 an d Mear 00 12 ), an d fsecond factor was NPK fertilizer, included : a). control, b). 69 kg N + 54 kg P 2 O 5 + 94,5 kg K 2 O, c). 69 kg N + 72 kg P 2 O 5 + 94,5 kg K 2 O, d). 69 kg N + 90 kg P 2 O 5 + 94,5 kg K 2 O, e). 92 kg N + 90 kg P 2 O 5 + 126 kg K 2 O, f). 92 kg N + 72 kg P 2 O 5 + 126 kg K 2 O, and g). 138 kg N + 90 kg P 2 O 5 + 126 kg K 2 O per ha . Variables observed were plant height, number of leaf and branch, biomass weight, oil content, free menthol content, and total menthol content. The results showed that application of 92 kg N + 72 kg P 2 O 5 + 126 kg K 2 O/ha equivalent to 200 kg Urea+ 200 kg SP-36 + 200 kg KCl/ha to M. arvensis, resulted better herb biomass , oil content , total menthol content and oil yield at first harvest compared with other fertilizer treatments. At first harvest, oil and menthol yield were 41 and 25 kg / ha. The uptake of N, P, K nutrients were N > K > P, respectively.

Sitophilus oryzae is one of major postharvest pest in rice. It damaged the grain quantitatively and qualitatively (decreasing the product hygiene and causing the residue of its excretion). The research used natural insecticide comprise citronella grass which is a promising botanical insecticide to be used for controlling postharvest pest. This research has been conducted in the laboratory of Entomology, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI) in January to March 2020. Citronella grass was distilled to obtain its essential oil containing 39% of citronella and 86% of geraniol. The research consisted of three methods, i.e. (a) repellent, designed by Completely Randomized Design, 5 treatments (concentration at 10%; 7.5%; 5%; 2.5%; and 1.25%), and 5 replications; and toxicity by using probit analysis applied by (b) contact; and (c) residue. The result revealed the oil may repel 33% at concentration of 10%, followed by concentration of 7.5%; 5% and 2.5% may repel as much as 24.6%; 20.4% and 10.8% consecutively. The LC50 of contact and residue toxicity are 23.2% and 1.71%. Applied by residual is more toxic than by contact. This showed that citronella grass essential oil has good prospect as natural insecticide to control S. oryzae, therefore the research need to be elaborated.

Jamu is an Indonesian herbal medicinal product, as part of the traditional natural health care of Indonesia’s national cultural heritage. Jamu raw material consists of a single preparation or combination of several types of nutritious medicinal plants, collected from nature and cultivated by farmers. Nowadays, medicinal crops farmers rarely apply organic cultivation on their land. Along with the increase in public awareness and the global demand of efficacious but safe herbal products, the organic cultivation of medicinal plants is a necessity. In organic farming, crop cultivation relies on the use of organic (natural) ingredients and avoids the use of synthetic chemical inputs (pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers), and genetically modified organism seeds. The integrity of the material produced is guaranteed by third parties through the issuance of organic certificates after going through a series of audit processes on documents and production processes in the field and storage area known as organic certification. Certification of organic plant cultivation in Indonesia has been regulated in SNI 6729: 2016 concerning the Organic Farming System. Many researchs found that medicinal plants cultivated organically could improve efficacious compounds. Research to compile GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) for medicinal plants cultivated organically in Indonesia needs to be encouraged to support the sustainable supply and efficacious of Jamu raw materials.

Jambu mete ( Anacardium occidentale L) merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang cukup potensial sebagai komoditas ekspor Indonesia. Tanaman jambu mete adaptif pada kondisi lahan kering dengan curah hujan rendah dan telah dikembangkan secara luas di Indonesia, terutama di kawasan Timur. Tahun 2015 luas tanaman jambu mete di Indonesia tercatat seluas 522.863 ha dengan produksi 137.580 ton dan produktivitas sekitar 431 kg/ha/th. Produktivitas lahan pertanaman jambu mete tersebut tergolong masih rendah dibandingkan dengan potensinya yang bisa mencapai 800-1000 ton gelondong/ha/th. Salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya produktivitas jambu mete di Indonesia berasal dari komunitas serangga yang berasosiasi pada tanaman jambu mete antara lain serangga hama, serangga penyerbuk dan serangga musuh alami. Tercatat lebih dari 100 jenis serangga berasosiasi dengan pertanaman jambu mete terutama pada musim pembungaan, meliputi serangga hama, serangga musuh alami, serangga penyerbuk, serangga vektor penyakit,dan serangga berguna lainnya yang mempengaruhi produktivitas dan perkembangan jambu mete. Kenyataan tersebut menunjukkan komunitas serangga jambu mete cukup berperan terhadap perkembangan dan produktivitas jambu mete. Berkaitan dengan keberadaan serangga tersebut perlu upaya pengelolaan habitat atau lingkungan yang tepat dan sesuai untuk pengendalian serangga hama dan peningkatan produktivitas jambu mete. Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L) is a potential plantation commodity as an Indonesian export commodity. Cashew nut plants are adaptive to dry land conditions with low rainfall and have been widely developed in Indonesia, especially in Eastern part of Indonesia. In 2015, the area of cashew nut plant in Indonesia is 522,863 ha with production of 137,580 tons and productivity around 431 kg / ha / year. The productivity of cashew plantation is relatively low compared to the potential that can reach 800 - 1000 tons of nut / ha / yr. One of the factors causing the low productivity of cashew in Indonesia, comes from insect communities associated with cashew plants such as insect pest attacks, pollinating insects and natural enemy insects. It was recorded more than 100 species of insects associated with cashew crops, especially during the flowering season, including insect pests, natural enemy insects, pollinating insects, disease vector insects, and other useful insects which affect the cashew production and growth. This fact shows cashew insects community contribute to the development and productivity of cashew nuts in a positive or negative sense. In relation to the presence of these insects, it is necessary an effort to manage appropriates habitat / environment to control insect pests and increase the productivity of cashew.

Wereng batang cokelat adalah hama utama pada tanaman padi yang dapat menyebabkan gagal panen. Pengendalian wereng batang cokelat (WBC) masih ditekankan pada penggunaan varietas tahan dan insektisida. Perlu upaya alternatif menggunakan cara pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan, diantaranya agens hayati, seperti cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana dan pupuk organik cair (POC). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan campuran cendawan entomopatogen B. bassiana dan POC terhadap hama WBC. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) Bogor sejak Juli sampai September 2015. Penelitian terdiri atas dua kegiatan. Kegiatan pertama adalah percobaan kompatibilitas yang dirancang secara Acak Lengkap (RAL), empat perlakuan dan diulang lima kali. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah tiga konsentrasi larutan POC (5, 10 dan 20 ml.l-1), dan air sebagai kontrol. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan B. bassiana pada medium yang mengandung POC. Kegiatan kedua adalah pengujian keefektifan cendawan B bassiana untuk mengontrol WBC di rumah kasa, dirancang menggunakan RAL, lima perlakuan dan diulang lima kali. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah B. bassiana (kerapatan spora 108 ml-1); B. bassiana + POC (10 ml.l-1); minyak seraiwangi (5 ml.l-1) dan minyak cengkeh (5 ml.l-1) sebagai pembanding, serta air (kontrol). Aplikasi dilakukan dengan cara menyemprotkan larutan perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 5 ml.l-1 pada nimfa instar 2 WBC yang diinfestasikan pada tanaman padi dalam polibag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa POC menghambat 46,64% pertumbuhan B. bassiana secara in vitro. Namun, keefektifan campuran B. bassiana + POC sama baiknya dengan B. bassiana secara tunggal. Hal ini menunjukkan POC dapat diaplikasikan berselang-seling dengan B. bassiana untuk mengendalikan WBC pada padi.