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3. Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Regarding The Use Of Antibiotics. Study On The General Population Of Mureş County, Romania

Author

Voidăzan S, Moldovan G, Voidăzan L, Zazgyva A, and Moldovan H

Subjects
antibiotics, bacterial resistance, self-medication, questionnaire, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Septimiu Voidăzan,1 Geanina Moldovan,2 Lavinia Voidăzan,3 Ancuța Zazgyva,4 Horațiu Moldovan5 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania; 2Department of Community Nutrition, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania; 3Pharmacy, Private Practice, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania; 4Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania; 5Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, RomaniaCorrespondence: Geanina MoldovanUniversity of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureş, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, Tîrgu Mureş 540139, RomaniaTel +40754058569Email septi_26_07@yahoo.comBackground: Currently, antibiotic resistance is a complex issue that affects the whole of society. This resistance is influenced by the irrational and excessive use of antibiotics by the general population. This study aimed to gather information about the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding the issues related to antibiotic consumption in the general population of Mureș County in the Central Region of Romania.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire as its research instrument, which consisted of 33 questions analysing the respondents’ attitude and their knowledge about the use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.Results: A total of 996 respondents were eligible for the study. Of the total respondents, 62.65% (624 respondents) considered that antibiotics are used to treat a bacterial infection and 61.45% (612 respondents) used an antibiotic at least once in the previous year, with a distribution of 68.7% and 56.8% of the respondents from rural and urban areas, respectively. Antibiotics were taken by 10.34% of the respondents, following recommendations from family/friends, and 22.9% used antibiotics left over from their last prescription. Of those who consumed antibiotics (868 respondents), 65.9% consulted their physician every time before taking the medication. Furthermore, 82.3% of the total of 996 respondents considered that the use of non-prescription antibiotics has a negative effect, and 85.14% had heard about the antibiotic resistance of bacteria.Conclusion: The majority of respondents had adequate knowledge of antibiotics and their use and were aware of the fact that non-prescription antibiotics can have repercussions both on them as individuals and on the population as a whole.Keywords: antibiotics, bacterial resistance, self-medication, questionnaire

Published
2019

7. ADP-ribosyltransferases, an update on function and nomenclature

Author

Lüscher, B. (Bernhard), Ahel, I. (Ivan), Altmeyer, M. (Matthias), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Bai, P. (Peter), Chang, P. (Paul), Cohen, M. (Michael), Corda, D. (Daniela), Dantzer, F. (Françoise), Daugherty, M. D. (Matthew D.), Dawson, T. M. (Ted M.), Dawson, V. L. (Valina L.), Deindl, S. (Sebastian), Fehr, A. R. (Anthony R.), Feijs, K. L. (Karla L. H.), Filippov, D. V. (Dmitri V.), Gagné, J.-P. (Jean-Philippe), Grimaldi, G. (Giovanna), Guettler, S. (Sebastian), Hoch, N. C. (Nicolas C.), Hottiger, M. O. (Michael O.), Korn, P. (Patricia), Kraus, W. L. (W. Lee), Ladurner, A. (Andreas), Lehtiö, L. (Lari), Leung, A. K. (Anthony K. L.), Lord, C. J. (Christopher J.), Mangerich, A. (Aswin), Matic, I. (Ivan), Matthews, J. (Jason), Moldovan, G.-L. (George-Lucian), Moss, J. (Joel), Natoli, G. (Gioacchino), Nielsen, M. L. (Michael L.), Niepel, M. (Mario), Nolte, F. (Friedrich), Pascal, J. (John), Paschal, B. M. (Bryce M.), Pawłowski, K. (Krzysztof), Poirier, G. G. (Guy G.), Smith, S. (Susan), Timinszky, G. (Gyula), Wang, Z.-Q. (Zhao-Qi), Yélamos, J. (José), Yu, X. (Xiaochun), Zaja, R. (Roko), Ziegler, M. (Mathias), Lüscher, B. (Bernhard), Ahel, I. (Ivan), Altmeyer, M. (Matthias), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Bai, P. (Peter), Chang, P. (Paul), Cohen, M. (Michael), Corda, D. (Daniela), Dantzer, F. (Françoise), Daugherty, M. D. (Matthew D.), Dawson, T. M. (Ted M.), Dawson, V. L. (Valina L.), Deindl, S. (Sebastian), Fehr, A. R. (Anthony R.), Feijs, K. L. (Karla L. H.), Filippov, D. V. (Dmitri V.), Gagné, J.-P. (Jean-Philippe), Grimaldi, G. (Giovanna), Guettler, S. (Sebastian), Hoch, N. C. (Nicolas C.), Hottiger, M. O. (Michael O.), Korn, P. (Patricia), Kraus, W. L. (W. Lee), Ladurner, A. (Andreas), Lehtiö, L. (Lari), Leung, A. K. (Anthony K. L.), Lord, C. J. (Christopher J.), Mangerich, A. (Aswin), Matic, I. (Ivan), Matthews, J. (Jason), Moldovan, G.-L. (George-Lucian), Moss, J. (Joel), Natoli, G. (Gioacchino), Nielsen, M. L. (Michael L.), Niepel, M. (Mario), Nolte, F. (Friedrich), Pascal, J. (John), Paschal, B. M. (Bryce M.), Pawłowski, K. (Krzysztof), Poirier, G. G. (Guy G.), Smith, S. (Susan), Timinszky, G. (Gyula), Wang, Z.-Q. (Zhao-Qi), Yélamos, J. (José), Yu, X. (Xiaochun), Zaja, R. (Roko), and Ziegler, M. (Mathias)

Abstract

ADP-ribosylation, a modification of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, confers broad functions, including roles in stress responses elicited, for example, by DNA damage and viral infection and is involved in intra- and extracellular signaling, chromatin and transcriptional regulation, protein biosynthesis, and cell death. ADP-ribosylation is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which transfer ADP-ribose from NAD⁺ onto substrates. The modification, which occurs as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation, is reversible due to the action of different ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Importantly, inhibitors of ARTs are approved or are being developed for clinical use. Moreover, ADP-ribosylhydrolases are being assessed as therapeutic targets, foremost as antiviral drugs and for oncological indications. Due to the development of novel reagents and major technological advances that allow the study of ADP-ribosylation in unprecedented detail, an increasing number of cellular processes and pathways are being identified that are regulated by ADP-ribosylation. In addition, characterization of biochemical and structural aspects of the ARTs and their catalytic activities have expanded our understanding of this protein family. This increased knowledge requires that a common nomenclature be used to describe the relevant enzymes. Therefore, in this viewpoint, we propose an updated and broadly supported nomenclature for mammalian ARTs that will facilitate future discussions when addressing the biochemistry and biology of ADP-ribosylation. This is combined with a brief description of the main functions of mammalian ARTs to illustrate the increasing diversity of mono- and poly-ADP-ribose mediated cellular processes.

Published
2021

12. Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: LAS VEGAS - An observational study in 29 countries

Author

Schultz, M, Hemmes, S, Neto, A, Binnekade, J, Canet, J, Hedenstierna, G, Jaber, S, Hiesmayr, M, Hollmann, M, Mills, G, Vidal Melo, M, Pearse, R, Putensen, C, Schmid, W, Severgnini, P, Wrigge, H, De Abreu, M, Pelosi, P, Kroell, W, Metzler, H, Struber, G, Wegscheider, T, Gombotz, H, Urbanek, B, Leva, B, Damster, S, Plichon, B, Kahn, D, Momeni, M, Pospiech, A, Lois, F, Forget, P, Grosu, I, Poelaert, J, van Mossevelde, V, van Malderen, M, Dylst, D, van Melkebeek, J, Beran, M, de Hert, S, De Baerdemaeker, L, Heyse, B, van Limmen, J, Wyffels, P, Jacobs, T, Roels, N, De Bruyne, A, van de Velde, S, Juros-Zovko, M, Djonovic-Omanovic, D, Pernar, S, Zunic, J, Miskovic, P, Zilic, A, Kvolik, S, Ivic, D, Azenic-Venzera, D, Skiljic, S, Vinkovic, H, Oputric, I, Juricic, K, Frkovic, V, Kopic, J, Mirkovic, I, Karanovic, N, Carev, M, Dropulic, N, Pavicic-Saric, J, Erceg, G, Bogdanovic Dvorcak, M, Mazul-Sunko, B, Pavicic, A, Goranovic, T, Maldini, B, Radocaj, T, Gavranovic, Z, Mladic-Batinica, I, Sehovic, M, Stourac, P, Harazim, H, Smekalova, O, Kosinova, M, Kolacek, T, Hudacek, K, Drab, M, Brujevic, J, Vitkova, K, Jirmanova, K, Volfova, I, Dzurnakova, P, Liskova, K, Dudas, R, Filipsky, R, El Kafrawy, S, Hosny Abdelwahab, H, Metwally, T, Abdel-Razek, A, El-Shaarawy, A, Fathy Hasan, W, Gouda Ahmed, A, Yassin, H, Magdy, M, Abdelhady, M, Mahran, M, Herodes, E, Kivik, P, Oganjan, J, Aun, A, Sormus, A, Sarapuu, K, Mall, M, Karjagin, J, Futier, E, Petit, A, Gerard, A, Marret, E, Solier, M, Prades, A, Krassler, J, Merzky, S, Uhlig, C, Kiss, T, Bundy, A, Bluth, T, Guldner, A, Spieth, P, Scharffenberg, M, Tran Thiem, D, Koch, T, Treschan, T, Schaefer, M, Bastin, B, Geib, J, Weiss, M, Kienbaum, P, Pannen, B, Gottschalk, A, Konrad, M, Westerheide, D, Schwerdtfeger, B, Simon, P, Reske, A, Nestler, C, Valsamidis, D, Stroumpoulis, K, Antholopoulos, G, Andreou, A, Karapanos, D, Theodoraki, K, Gkiokas, G, Tasoulis, M, Sidiropoulou, T, Zafeiropoulou, F, Florou, P, Pandazi, A, Tsaousi, G, Nouris, C, Pourzitaki, C, Bystritski, D, Pizov, R, Eden, A, Pesce, C, Campanile, A, Marrella, A, Grasso, S, De Michele, M, Bona, F, Giacoletto, G, Sardo, E, Giancarlo, L, Sottosanti, V, Solca, M, Volta, C, Spadaro, S, Verri, M, Ragazzi, R, Zoppellari, R, Cinnella, G, Raimondo, P, La Bella, D, Mirabella, L, D'Antini, D, Molin, A, Brunetti, I, Gratarola, A, Pellerano, G, Sileo, R, Pezzatto, S, Montagnani, L, Pasin, L, Landoni, G, Zangrillo, A, Beretta, L, Di Parma, A, Tarzia, V, Dossi, R, Sassone, M, Sances, D, Tredici, S, Spano, G, Castellani, G, Delunas, L, Peradze, S, Venturino, M, Arpino, I, Sher, S, Tommasino, C, Rapido, F, Morelli, P, Vargas, M, Servillo, G, Cortegiani, A, Raineri, S, Montalto, F, Russotto, V, Giarratano, A, Baciarello, M, Generali, M, Cerati, G, Leykin, Y, Bressan, F, Bartolini, V, Zamidei, L, Brazzi, L, Liperi, C, Sales, G, Pistidda, L, Brugnoni, E, Musella, G, Bacuzzi, A, Muhardri, D, Gecaj-Gashi, A, Sada, F, Bytyqi, A, Karbonskiene, A, Aukstakalniene, R, Teberaite, Z, Salciute, E, Tikuisis, R, Miliauskas, P, Jurate, S, Kontrimaviciute, E, Tomkute, G, Xuereb, J, Bezzina, M, Borg, F, Wiersma, I, Bos, L, Boer, C, Duvekot, A, In't Veld, B, Werger, A, Dennesen, P, Severijns, C, de Jong, J, Hering, J, van Beek, R, Ivars, S, Jammer, I, Breidablik, A, Skirstad Hodt, K, Fjellanger, F, Vicoavalos, M, Mellin-Olsen, J, Andersson, E, Shafi-Kabiri, A, Molina, R, Wutai, S, Morais, E, Tareco, G, Ferreira, D, Amaral, J, Goncalves Castro, M, Cadilha, S, Appleton, S, Parente, S, Correia, M, Martins, D, Monteirosa, A, Ricardo, A, Rodrigues, S, Horhota, L, Grintescu, I, Mirea, L, Corneci, D, Negoita, S, Dutu, M, Popescu Garotescu, I, Filipescu, D, Prodan, A, Droc, G, Fota, R, Popescu, M, Tomescu, D, Petcu, A, Tudoroiu, M, Moise, A, Guran, C, Gherghina, I, Costea, D, Cindea, I, Copotoiu, S, Copotoiu, R, Barsan, V, Tolcser, Z, Riciu, M, Moldovan, G, Veres, M, Gritsan, A, Kapkan, T, Gritsan, G, Korolkov, O, Kulikov, A, Lubnin, A, Ovezov, A, Prokoshev, P, Lugovoy, A, Anipchenko, N, Babayants, A, Komissarova, I, Zalina, K, Likhvantsev, V, Fedorov, S, Lazukic, A, Pejakovic, J, Mihajlovic, D, Kusnierikova, Z, Zelinkova, M, Bruncakova, K, Polakovicova, L, Sobona, V, Novak-Supe, B, Pekle-Golez, A, Jovanov, M, Strazisar, B, Markovic-Bozic, J, Novak-Jankovic, V, Voje, M, Grynyuk, A, Kostadinov, I, Spindler-Vesel, A, Moral, V, Unzueta, C, Puigbo, C, Fava, J, Moret, E, Rodriguez Nunez, M, Sendra, M, Brunelli, A, Rodenas, F, Monedero, P, Hidalgo Martinez, F, Yepes Temino, M, Marti Nez Simon, A, de Abajo Larriba, A, Lisi, A, Perez, G, Martinez, R, Granell, M, Tatay Vivo, J, Saiz Ruiz, C, de Andre S Iban Ez, J, Pastor, E, Soro, M, Ferrando, C, Defez, M, Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano, C, Pere, R, Rico, J, Jawad, M, Saeed, Y, Gillberg, L, Kazak Bengisun, Z, Kansu Kazbek, B, Coskunfirat, N, Boztug, N, Sanli, S, Yilmaz, M, Hadimioglu, N, Senturk, N, Camci, E, Kucukgoncu, S, Sungur, Z, Sivrikoz, N, Ustalar Ozgen, S, Toraman, F, Selvi, O, Senturk, O, Yildiz, M, Kuvaki, B, Gunenc, F, Kucukguclu, S, Ozbilgin, S, Maral, J, Canli, S, Arun, O, Saltali, A, Aydogan, E, Akgun, F, Sanlikarip, C, Mine Karaman, F, Mazur, A, Vorotyntsev, S, Rousseau, G, Barrett, C, Stancombe, L, Shelley, B, Scholes, H, Limb, J, Rafi, A, Wayman, L, Deane, J, Rogerson, D, Williams, J, Yates, S, Rogers, E, Pulletz, M, Moreton, S, Jones, S, Venkatesh, S, Burton, M, Brown, L, Goodall, C, Rucklidge, M, Fuller, D, Nadolski, M, Kusre, S, Lundberg, M, Everett, L, Nutt, H, Zuleika, M, Carvalho, P, Clements, D, Creagh-Brown, B, Watt, P, Raymode, P, Mohr, O, Raj, A, Creary, T, Chishti, A, Bell, A, Higham, C, Cain, A, Gibb, S, Mowat, S, Franklin, D, West, C, Minto, G, Boyd, N, Calton, E, Walker, R, Mackenzie, F, Ellison, B, Roberts, H, Chikungwa, M, Jackson, C, Donovan, A, Foot, J, Homan, E, Montgomery, J, Portch, D, Mercer, P, Palmer, J, Paddle, J, Fouracres, A, Datson, A, Andrew, A, Welch, L, Rose, A, Varma, S, Simeson, K, Rambhatla, M, Susarla, J, Marri, S, Kodaganallur, K, Das, A, Algarsamy, S, Colley, J, Davies, S, Szewczyk, M, Smith, T, Fernandez-Bustamante, A, Luzier, E, Almagro, A, Fernando, L, Sulemanji, D, Sprung, J, Weingarten, T, Kor, D, Scavonetto, F, Tze, Y, Schultz M. J., Hemmes S. N. T., Neto A. S., Binnekade J. M., Canet J., Hedenstierna G., Jaber S., Hiesmayr M., Hollmann M. W., Mills G. H., Vidal Melo M. F., Pearse R., Putensen C., Schmid W., Severgnini P., Wrigge H., De Abreu M. G., Pelosi P., Kroell W., Metzler H., Struber G., Wegscheider T., Gombotz H., Urbanek B., Leva B., Damster S., Plichon B., Kahn D., Momeni M., Pospiech A., Lois F., Forget P., Grosu I., Poelaert J., van Mossevelde V., van Malderen M. C., Dylst D., van Melkebeek J., Beran M., de Hert S., De Baerdemaeker L., Heyse B., van Limmen J., Wyffels P., Jacobs T., Roels N., De Bruyne A., van de Velde S., Juros-Zovko M., Djonovic-Omanovic D., Pernar S., Zunic J., Miskovic P., Zilic A., Kvolik S., Ivic D., Azenic-Venzera D., Skiljic S., Vinkovic H., Oputric I., Juricic K., Frkovic V., Kopic J., Mirkovic I., Karanovic N., Carev M., Dropulic N., Pavicic-Saric J., Erceg G., Bogdanovic Dvorcak M., Mazul-Sunko B., Pavicic A. M., Goranovic T., Maldini B., Radocaj T., Gavranovic Z., Mladic-Batinica I., Sehovic M., Stourac P., Harazim H., Smekalova O., Kosinova M., Kolacek T., Hudacek K., Drab M., Brujevic J., Vitkova K., Jirmanova K., Volfova I., Dzurnakova P., Liskova K., Dudas R., Filipsky R., El Kafrawy S., Hosny Abdelwahab H., Metwally T., Abdel-Razek A., El-Shaarawy A. M., Fathy Hasan W., Gouda Ahmed A., Yassin H., Magdy M., Abdelhady M., Mahran M., Herodes E., Kivik P., Oganjan J., Aun A., Sormus A., Sarapuu K., Mall M., Karjagin J., Futier E., Petit A., Gerard A., Marret E., Solier M., Prades A., Krassler J., Merzky S., Uhlig C., Kiss T., Bundy A., Bluth T., Guldner A., Spieth P., Scharffenberg M., Tran Thiem D., Koch T., Treschan T., Schaefer M., Bastin B., Geib J., Weiss M., Kienbaum P., Pannen B., Gottschalk A., Konrad M., Westerheide D., Schwerdtfeger B., Simon P., Reske A., Nestler C., Valsamidis D., Stroumpoulis K., Antholopoulos G., Andreou A., Karapanos D., Theodoraki K., Gkiokas G., Tasoulis M. K., Sidiropoulou T., Zafeiropoulou F., Florou P., Pandazi A., Tsaousi G., Nouris C., Pourzitaki C., Bystritski D., Pizov R., Eden A., Pesce C. V., Campanile A., Marrella A., Grasso S., De Michele M., Bona F., Giacoletto G., Sardo E., Giancarlo L., Sottosanti V., Solca M., Volta C. A., Spadaro S., Verri M., Ragazzi R., Zoppellari R., Cinnella G., Raimondo P., La Bella D., Mirabella L., D'antini D., Molin A., Brunetti I., Gratarola A., Pellerano G., Sileo R., Pezzatto S., Montagnani L., Pasin L., Landoni G., Zangrillo A., Beretta L., Di Parma A. L., Tarzia V., Dossi R., Sassone M. E., Sances D., Tredici S., Spano G., Castellani G., Delunas L., Peradze S., Venturino M., Arpino I., Sher S., Tommasino C., Rapido F., Morelli P., Vargas M., Servillo G., Cortegiani A., Raineri S. M., Montalto F., Russotto V., Giarratano A., Baciarello M., Generali M., Cerati G., Leykin Y., Bressan F., Bartolini V., Zamidei L., Brazzi L., Liperi C., Sales G., Pistidda L., Brugnoni E., Musella G., Bacuzzi A., Muhardri D., Gecaj-Gashi A., Sada F., Bytyqi A., Karbonskiene A., Aukstakalniene R., Teberaite Z., Salciute E., Tikuisis R., Miliauskas P., Jurate S., Kontrimaviciute E., Tomkute G., Xuereb J., Bezzina M., Borg F. J., Wiersma I., Bos L., Boer C., Duvekot A., In't Veld B., Werger A., Dennesen P., Severijns C., de Jong J., Hering J., van Beek R., Ivars S., Jammer I., Breidablik A., Skirstad Hodt K., Fjellanger F., VicoAvalos M., Mellin-Olsen J., Andersson E., Shafi-Kabiri A., Molina R., Wutai S., Morais E., Tareco G. R., Ferreira D., Amaral J., Goncalves Castro M. L., Cadilha S., Appleton S., Parente S., Correia M., Martins D., Monteirosa A., Ricardo A., Rodrigues S., Horhota L., Grintescu I. M., Mirea L., Grintescu I. C., Corneci D., Negoita S., Dutu M., Popescu Garotescu I., Filipescu D., Prodan A. B., Droc G., Fota R., Popescu M., Tomescu D., Petcu A. M., Tudoroiu M. I., Moise A., Guran C. T., Gherghina I., Costea D., Cindea I., Copotoiu S. M., Copotoiu R., Barsan V., Tolcser Z., Riciu M., Moldovan G. S., Veres M., Gritsan A., Kapkan T., Gritsan G., Korolkov O., Kulikov A., Lubnin A., Ovezov A., Prokoshev P., Lugovoy A., Anipchenko N., Babayants A., Komissarova I., Zalina K., Likhvantsev V., Fedorov S., Lazukic A., Pejakovic J., Mihajlovic D., Kusnierikova Z., Zelinkova M., Bruncakova K., Polakovicova L., Sobona V., Novak-Supe B., Pekle-Golez A., Jovanov M., Strazisar B., Markovic-Bozic J., Novak-Jankovic V., Voje M., Grynyuk A., Kostadinov I., Spindler-Vesel A., Moral V., Unzueta C., Puigbo C., Fava J., Moret E., Rodriguez Nunez M. N., Sendra M., Brunelli A., Rodenas F., Monedero P., Hidalgo Martinez F., Yepes Temino M. J., Marti Nez Simon A., de Abajo Larriba A., Lisi A., Perez G., Martinez R., Granell M., Tatay Vivo J., Saiz Ruiz C., de Andre S Iban Ez J. A., Pastor E., Soro M., Ferrando C., Defez M., Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano C., Pere R., Rico J., Jawad M., Saeed Y., Gillberg L., Kazak Bengisun Z., Kansu Kazbek B., Coskunfirat N., Boztug N., Sanli S., Yilmaz M., Hadimioglu N., Senturk N. M., Camci E., Kucukgoncu S., Sungur Z., Sivrikoz N., Ustalar Ozgen S., Toraman F., Selvi O., Senturk O., Yildiz M., Kuvaki B., Gunenc F., Kucukguclu S., Ozbilgin S. U., Maral J., Canli S., Arun O., Saltali A., Aydogan E., Akgun F. N., Sanlikarip C., Mine Karaman F., Mazur A., Vorotyntsev S., Rousseau G., Barrett C., Stancombe L., Shelley B., Scholes H., Limb J., Rafi A., Wayman L., Deane J., Rogerson D., Williams J., Yates S., Rogers E., Pulletz M., Moreton S., Jones S., Venkatesh S., Burton M., Brown L., Goodall C., Rucklidge M., Fuller D., Nadolski M., Kusre S., Lundberg M., Everett L., Nutt H., Zuleika M., Carvalho P., Clements D., Creagh-Brown B., Watt P., Raymode P., Mohr O., Raj A., Creary T., Chishti A., Bell A., Higham C., Cain A., Gibb S., Mowat S., Franklin D., West C., Minto G., Boyd N., Calton E., Walker R., Mackenzie F., Ellison B., Roberts H., Chikungwa M., Jackson C., Donovan A., Foot J., Homan E., Montgomery J., Portch D., Mercer P., Palmer J., Paddle J., Fouracres A., Datson A., Andrew A., Welch L., Rose A., Varma S., Simeson K., Rambhatla M., Susarla J., Marri S., Kodaganallur K., Das A., Algarsamy S., Colley J., Davies S., Szewczyk M., Smith T., Fernandez-Bustamante A., Luzier E., Almagro A., Fernando L., Sulemanji D., Sprung J., Weingarten T., Kor D., Scavonetto F., Tze Y., Schultz, M, Hemmes, S, Neto, A, Binnekade, J, Canet, J, Hedenstierna, G, Jaber, S, Hiesmayr, M, Hollmann, M, Mills, G, Vidal Melo, M, Pearse, R, Putensen, C, Schmid, W, Severgnini, P, Wrigge, H, De Abreu, M, Pelosi, P, Kroell, W, Metzler, H, Struber, G, Wegscheider, T, Gombotz, H, Urbanek, B, Leva, B, Damster, S, Plichon, B, Kahn, D, Momeni, M, Pospiech, A, Lois, F, Forget, P, Grosu, I, Poelaert, J, van Mossevelde, V, van Malderen, M, Dylst, D, van Melkebeek, J, Beran, M, de Hert, S, De Baerdemaeker, L, Heyse, B, van Limmen, J, Wyffels, P, Jacobs, T, Roels, N, De Bruyne, A, van de Velde, S, Juros-Zovko, M, Djonovic-Omanovic, D, Pernar, S, Zunic, J, Miskovic, P, Zilic, A, Kvolik, S, Ivic, D, Azenic-Venzera, D, Skiljic, S, Vinkovic, H, Oputric, I, Juricic, K, Frkovic, V, Kopic, J, Mirkovic, I, Karanovic, N, Carev, M, Dropulic, N, Pavicic-Saric, J, Erceg, G, Bogdanovic Dvorcak, M, Mazul-Sunko, B, Pavicic, A, Goranovic, T, Maldini, B, Radocaj, T, Gavranovic, Z, Mladic-Batinica, I, Sehovic, M, Stourac, P, Harazim, H, Smekalova, O, Kosinova, M, Kolacek, T, Hudacek, K, Drab, M, Brujevic, J, Vitkova, K, Jirmanova, K, Volfova, I, Dzurnakova, P, Liskova, K, Dudas, R, Filipsky, R, El Kafrawy, S, Hosny Abdelwahab, H, Metwally, T, Abdel-Razek, A, El-Shaarawy, A, Fathy Hasan, W, Gouda Ahmed, A, Yassin, H, Magdy, M, Abdelhady, M, Mahran, M, Herodes, E, Kivik, P, Oganjan, J, Aun, A, Sormus, A, Sarapuu, K, Mall, M, Karjagin, J, Futier, E, Petit, A, Gerard, A, Marret, E, Solier, M, Prades, A, Krassler, J, Merzky, S, Uhlig, C, Kiss, T, Bundy, A, Bluth, T, Guldner, A, Spieth, P, Scharffenberg, M, Tran Thiem, D, Koch, T, Treschan, T, Schaefer, M, Bastin, B, Geib, J, Weiss, M, Kienbaum, P, Pannen, B, Gottschalk, A, Konrad, M, Westerheide, D, Schwerdtfeger, B, Simon, P, Reske, A, Nestler, C, Valsamidis, D, Stroumpoulis, K, Antholopoulos, G, Andreou, A, Karapanos, D, Theodoraki, K, Gkiokas, G, Tasoulis, M, Sidiropoulou, T, Zafeiropoulou, F, Florou, P, Pandazi, A, Tsaousi, G, Nouris, C, Pourzitaki, C, Bystritski, D, Pizov, R, Eden, A, Pesce, C, Campanile, A, Marrella, A, Grasso, S, De Michele, M, Bona, F, Giacoletto, G, Sardo, E, Giancarlo, L, Sottosanti, V, Solca, M, Volta, C, Spadaro, S, Verri, M, Ragazzi, R, Zoppellari, R, Cinnella, G, Raimondo, P, La Bella, D, Mirabella, L, D'Antini, D, Molin, A, Brunetti, I, Gratarola, A, Pellerano, G, Sileo, R, Pezzatto, S, Montagnani, L, Pasin, L, Landoni, G, Zangrillo, A, Beretta, L, Di Parma, A, Tarzia, V, Dossi, R, Sassone, M, Sances, D, Tredici, S, Spano, G, Castellani, G, Delunas, L, Peradze, S, Venturino, M, Arpino, I, Sher, S, Tommasino, C, Rapido, F, Morelli, P, Vargas, M, Servillo, G, Cortegiani, A, Raineri, S, Montalto, F, Russotto, V, Giarratano, A, Baciarello, M, Generali, M, Cerati, G, Leykin, Y, Bressan, F, Bartolini, V, Zamidei, L, Brazzi, L, Liperi, C, Sales, G, Pistidda, L, Brugnoni, E, Musella, G, Bacuzzi, A, Muhardri, D, Gecaj-Gashi, A, Sada, F, Bytyqi, A, Karbonskiene, A, Aukstakalniene, R, Teberaite, Z, Salciute, E, Tikuisis, R, Miliauskas, P, Jurate, S, Kontrimaviciute, E, Tomkute, G, Xuereb, J, Bezzina, M, Borg, F, Wiersma, I, Bos, L, Boer, C, Duvekot, A, In't Veld, B, Werger, A, Dennesen, P, Severijns, C, de Jong, J, Hering, J, van Beek, R, Ivars, S, Jammer, I, Breidablik, A, Skirstad Hodt, K, Fjellanger, F, Vicoavalos, M, Mellin-Olsen, J, Andersson, E, Shafi-Kabiri, A, Molina, R, Wutai, S, Morais, E, Tareco, G, Ferreira, D, Amaral, J, Goncalves Castro, M, Cadilha, S, Appleton, S, Parente, S, Correia, M, Martins, D, Monteirosa, A, Ricardo, A, Rodrigues, S, Horhota, L, Grintescu, I, Mirea, L, Corneci, D, Negoita, S, Dutu, M, Popescu Garotescu, I, Filipescu, D, Prodan, A, Droc, G, Fota, R, Popescu, M, Tomescu, D, Petcu, A, Tudoroiu, M, Moise, A, Guran, C, Gherghina, I, Costea, D, Cindea, I, Copotoiu, S, Copotoiu, R, Barsan, V, Tolcser, Z, Riciu, M, Moldovan, G, Veres, M, Gritsan, A, Kapkan, T, Gritsan, G, Korolkov, O, Kulikov, A, Lubnin, A, Ovezov, A, Prokoshev, P, Lugovoy, A, Anipchenko, N, Babayants, A, Komissarova, I, Zalina, K, Likhvantsev, V, Fedorov, S, Lazukic, A, Pejakovic, J, Mihajlovic, D, Kusnierikova, Z, Zelinkova, M, Bruncakova, K, Polakovicova, L, Sobona, V, Novak-Supe, B, Pekle-Golez, A, Jovanov, M, Strazisar, B, Markovic-Bozic, J, Novak-Jankovic, V, Voje, M, Grynyuk, A, Kostadinov, I, Spindler-Vesel, A, Moral, V, Unzueta, C, Puigbo, C, Fava, J, Moret, E, Rodriguez Nunez, M, Sendra, M, Brunelli, A, Rodenas, F, Monedero, P, Hidalgo Martinez, F, Yepes Temino, M, Marti Nez Simon, A, de Abajo Larriba, A, Lisi, A, Perez, G, Martinez, R, Granell, M, Tatay Vivo, J, Saiz Ruiz, C, de Andre S Iban Ez, J, Pastor, E, Soro, M, Ferrando, C, Defez, M, Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano, C, Pere, R, Rico, J, Jawad, M, Saeed, Y, Gillberg, L, Kazak Bengisun, Z, Kansu Kazbek, B, Coskunfirat, N, Boztug, N, Sanli, S, Yilmaz, M, Hadimioglu, N, Senturk, N, Camci, E, Kucukgoncu, S, Sungur, Z, Sivrikoz, N, Ustalar Ozgen, S, Toraman, F, Selvi, O, Senturk, O, Yildiz, M, Kuvaki, B, Gunenc, F, Kucukguclu, S, Ozbilgin, S, Maral, J, Canli, S, Arun, O, Saltali, A, Aydogan, E, Akgun, F, Sanlikarip, C, Mine Karaman, F, Mazur, A, Vorotyntsev, S, Rousseau, G, Barrett, C, Stancombe, L, Shelley, B, Scholes, H, Limb, J, Rafi, A, Wayman, L, Deane, J, Rogerson, D, Williams, J, Yates, S, Rogers, E, Pulletz, M, Moreton, S, Jones, S, Venkatesh, S, Burton, M, Brown, L, Goodall, C, Rucklidge, M, Fuller, D, Nadolski, M, Kusre, S, Lundberg, M, Everett, L, Nutt, H, Zuleika, M, Carvalho, P, Clements, D, Creagh-Brown, B, Watt, P, Raymode, P, Mohr, O, Raj, A, Creary, T, Chishti, A, Bell, A, Higham, C, Cain, A, Gibb, S, Mowat, S, Franklin, D, West, C, Minto, G, Boyd, N, Calton, E, Walker, R, Mackenzie, F, Ellison, B, Roberts, H, Chikungwa, M, Jackson, C, Donovan, A, Foot, J, Homan, E, Montgomery, J, Portch, D, Mercer, P, Palmer, J, Paddle, J, Fouracres, A, Datson, A, Andrew, A, Welch, L, Rose, A, Varma, S, Simeson, K, Rambhatla, M, Susarla, J, Marri, S, Kodaganallur, K, Das, A, Algarsamy, S, Colley, J, Davies, S, Szewczyk, M, Smith, T, Fernandez-Bustamante, A, Luzier, E, Almagro, A, Fernando, L, Sulemanji, D, Sprung, J, Weingarten, T, Kor, D, Scavonetto, F, Tze, Y, Schultz M. J., Hemmes S. N. T., Neto A. S., Binnekade J. M., Canet J., Hedenstierna G., Jaber S., Hiesmayr M., Hollmann M. W., Mills G. H., Vidal Melo M. F., Pearse R., Putensen C., Schmid W., Severgnini P., Wrigge H., De Abreu M. G., Pelosi P., Kroell W., Metzler H., Struber G., Wegscheider T., Gombotz H., Urbanek B., Leva B., Damster S., Plichon B., Kahn D., Momeni M., Pospiech A., Lois F., Forget P., Grosu I., Poelaert J., van Mossevelde V., van Malderen M. C., Dylst D., van Melkebeek J., Beran M., de Hert S., De Baerdemaeker L., Heyse B., van Limmen J., Wyffels P., Jacobs T., Roels N., De Bruyne A., van de Velde S., Juros-Zovko M., Djonovic-Omanovic D., Pernar S., Zunic J., Miskovic P., Zilic A., Kvolik S., Ivic D., Azenic-Venzera D., Skiljic S., Vinkovic H., Oputric I., Juricic K., Frkovic V., Kopic J., Mirkovic I., Karanovic N., Carev M., Dropulic N., Pavicic-Saric J., Erceg G., Bogdanovic Dvorcak M., Mazul-Sunko B., Pavicic A. M., Goranovic T., Maldini B., Radocaj T., Gavranovic Z., Mladic-Batinica I., Sehovic M., Stourac P., Harazim H., Smekalova O., Kosinova M., Kolacek T., Hudacek K., Drab M., Brujevic J., Vitkova K., Jirmanova K., Volfova I., Dzurnakova P., Liskova K., Dudas R., Filipsky R., El Kafrawy S., Hosny Abdelwahab H., Metwally T., Abdel-Razek A., El-Shaarawy A. M., Fathy Hasan W., Gouda Ahmed A., Yassin H., Magdy M., Abdelhady M., Mahran M., Herodes E., Kivik P., Oganjan J., Aun A., Sormus A., Sarapuu K., Mall M., Karjagin J., Futier E., Petit A., Gerard A., Marret E., Solier M., Prades A., Krassler J., Merzky S., Uhlig C., Kiss T., Bundy A., Bluth T., Guldner A., Spieth P., Scharffenberg M., Tran Thiem D., Koch T., Treschan T., Schaefer M., Bastin B., Geib J., Weiss M., Kienbaum P., Pannen B., Gottschalk A., Konrad M., Westerheide D., Schwerdtfeger B., Simon P., Reske A., Nestler C., Valsamidis D., Stroumpoulis K., Antholopoulos G., Andreou A., Karapanos D., Theodoraki K., Gkiokas G., Tasoulis M. K., Sidiropoulou T., Zafeiropoulou F., Florou P., Pandazi A., Tsaousi G., Nouris C., Pourzitaki C., Bystritski D., Pizov R., Eden A., Pesce C. V., Campanile A., Marrella A., Grasso S., De Michele M., Bona F., Giacoletto G., Sardo E., Giancarlo L., Sottosanti V., Solca M., Volta C. A., Spadaro S., Verri M., Ragazzi R., Zoppellari R., Cinnella G., Raimondo P., La Bella D., Mirabella L., D'antini D., Molin A., Brunetti I., Gratarola A., Pellerano G., Sileo R., Pezzatto S., Montagnani L., Pasin L., Landoni G., Zangrillo A., Beretta L., Di Parma A. L., Tarzia V., Dossi R., Sassone M. E., Sances D., Tredici S., Spano G., Castellani G., Delunas L., Peradze S., Venturino M., Arpino I., Sher S., Tommasino C., Rapido F., Morelli P., Vargas M., Servillo G., Cortegiani A., Raineri S. M., Montalto F., Russotto V., Giarratano A., Baciarello M., Generali M., Cerati G., Leykin Y., Bressan F., Bartolini V., Zamidei L., Brazzi L., Liperi C., Sales G., Pistidda L., Brugnoni E., Musella G., Bacuzzi A., Muhardri D., Gecaj-Gashi A., Sada F., Bytyqi A., Karbonskiene A., Aukstakalniene R., Teberaite Z., Salciute E., Tikuisis R., Miliauskas P., Jurate S., Kontrimaviciute E., Tomkute G., Xuereb J., Bezzina M., Borg F. J., Wiersma I., Bos L., Boer C., Duvekot A., In't Veld B., Werger A., Dennesen P., Severijns C., de Jong J., Hering J., van Beek R., Ivars S., Jammer I., Breidablik A., Skirstad Hodt K., Fjellanger F., VicoAvalos M., Mellin-Olsen J., Andersson E., Shafi-Kabiri A., Molina R., Wutai S., Morais E., Tareco G. R., Ferreira D., Amaral J., Goncalves Castro M. L., Cadilha S., Appleton S., Parente S., Correia M., Martins D., Monteirosa A., Ricardo A., Rodrigues S., Horhota L., Grintescu I. M., Mirea L., Grintescu I. C., Corneci D., Negoita S., Dutu M., Popescu Garotescu I., Filipescu D., Prodan A. B., Droc G., Fota R., Popescu M., Tomescu D., Petcu A. M., Tudoroiu M. I., Moise A., Guran C. T., Gherghina I., Costea D., Cindea I., Copotoiu S. M., Copotoiu R., Barsan V., Tolcser Z., Riciu M., Moldovan G. S., Veres M., Gritsan A., Kapkan T., Gritsan G., Korolkov O., Kulikov A., Lubnin A., Ovezov A., Prokoshev P., Lugovoy A., Anipchenko N., Babayants A., Komissarova I., Zalina K., Likhvantsev V., Fedorov S., Lazukic A., Pejakovic J., Mihajlovic D., Kusnierikova Z., Zelinkova M., Bruncakova K., Polakovicova L., Sobona V., Novak-Supe B., Pekle-Golez A., Jovanov M., Strazisar B., Markovic-Bozic J., Novak-Jankovic V., Voje M., Grynyuk A., Kostadinov I., Spindler-Vesel A., Moral V., Unzueta C., Puigbo C., Fava J., Moret E., Rodriguez Nunez M. N., Sendra M., Brunelli A., Rodenas F., Monedero P., Hidalgo Martinez F., Yepes Temino M. J., Marti Nez Simon A., de Abajo Larriba A., Lisi A., Perez G., Martinez R., Granell M., Tatay Vivo J., Saiz Ruiz C., de Andre S Iban Ez J. A., Pastor E., Soro M., Ferrando C., Defez M., Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano C., Pere R., Rico J., Jawad M., Saeed Y., Gillberg L., Kazak Bengisun Z., Kansu Kazbek B., Coskunfirat N., Boztug N., Sanli S., Yilmaz M., Hadimioglu N., Senturk N. M., Camci E., Kucukgoncu S., Sungur Z., Sivrikoz N., Ustalar Ozgen S., Toraman F., Selvi O., Senturk O., Yildiz M., Kuvaki B., Gunenc F., Kucukguclu S., Ozbilgin S. U., Maral J., Canli S., Arun O., Saltali A., Aydogan E., Akgun F. N., Sanlikarip C., Mine Karaman F., Mazur A., Vorotyntsev S., Rousseau G., Barrett C., Stancombe L., Shelley B., Scholes H., Limb J., Rafi A., Wayman L., Deane J., Rogerson D., Williams J., Yates S., Rogers E., Pulletz M., Moreton S., Jones S., Venkatesh S., Burton M., Brown L., Goodall C., Rucklidge M., Fuller D., Nadolski M., Kusre S., Lundberg M., Everett L., Nutt H., Zuleika M., Carvalho P., Clements D., Creagh-Brown B., Watt P., Raymode P., Mohr O., Raj A., Creary T., Chishti A., Bell A., Higham C., Cain A., Gibb S., Mowat S., Franklin D., West C., Minto G., Boyd N., Calton E., Walker R., Mackenzie F., Ellison B., Roberts H., Chikungwa M., Jackson C., Donovan A., Foot J., Homan E., Montgomery J., Portch D., Mercer P., Palmer J., Paddle J., Fouracres A., Datson A., Andrew A., Welch L., Rose A., Varma S., Simeson K., Rambhatla M., Susarla J., Marri S., Kodaganallur K., Das A., Algarsamy S., Colley J., Davies S., Szewczyk M., Smith T., Fernandez-Bustamante A., Luzier E., Almagro A., Fernando L., Sulemanji D., Sprung J., Weingarten T., Kor D., Scavonetto F., and Tze Y.

Abstract

Background: Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. Objectives: To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. Design: This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the 'Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score' (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. Patients and Setting: Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (VT) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg-1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH 2 O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P < 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P < 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. Conclusion: The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high VT and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at i

Published
2017

16. Structural and electrical characterization of AuPdAlTi ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN with varying Ti content.

Author

Fay, M.W., Moldovan, G., Weston, N.J., Brown, P.D., Harrison, I., Hilton, K.P., Masterton, A., Wallis, D., Balmer, R.S., Uren, M.J., and Martin, T.

Subjects
*OHMIC contacts, *SEMICONDUCTOR-metal boundaries, *SEMICONDUCTORS, *ELECTRON microscopy, *MICROMECHANICS, *PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
Abstract

AuPdAlTi/AlGaN/GaN ohmic contact structures with varying Ti:Al ratios have been investigated. The relationship between Ti:Al ratio, interfacial microstructure, and contact resistance is examined. Rapid thermal annealing temperatures of 850 °C or higher are required to produce an ohmic contact with annealing at 950 °C producing the lowest contact resistance in the majority of samples. Samples annealed at 950 °C have been analyzed using complementary transmission electron microscopy and electrical characterization techniques. A thin Ti-nitride region is found to form at the contact/semiconductor interface in all samples. Ti-nitride inclusions through the AlGaN/GaN layer are also observed, surrounded by an Al/Au rich metallurgical barrier layer, with the size of the inclusions increasing with Ti content. The size of these inclusions does not have any clear effect on the electrical characteristics of the contacts at room temperature, but samples with fewer inclusions show superior electrical characteristics at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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17. Structural and electrical characterization of AuTiAlTi/AlGaN/GaN ohmic contacts.

Author

Fay, M. W., Moldovan, G., Brown, P. D., Harrison, I., Birbeck, J. C., Hughes, B. T., Uren, M. J., and Martin, T.

Subjects
*OHMIC contacts, *ELECTRIC contactors
Abstract

AuTiAlTi/AlGaN/GaN ohmic contact structures rapid thermal annealed at 650, 750, 850, and 950 °C have been analyzed using complementary transmission electron microscopy and electrical characterization techniques. The relationship between annealing temperature, interfacial microstructure, and contact resistance is examined. Annealing temperatures of 750 °C or higher are required to produce an ohmic contact. Contacts annealed at 750 and 850 °C show a planar interface between contact and the AlGaN layer, with minimal consumption of the AlGaN and the formation of a thin TiN interfacial layer. Annealing at 950 °C produces the lowest contact resistance, with a structure showing inclusions through the AlGaN/GaN layer. These inclusions are also shown to be a Ti-nitride, having an Al/Au-rich metallurgical barrier layer surrounding them. However, this metallurgical layer does not produce an electrical barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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32. Characterisation of nitrides by energy filtered TEM and EELS

Author

Fay, M. W., primary, Moldovan, G., additional, Harrison, I., additional, Larkins, E., additional, Novikov, S. V., additional, Foxon, C.T., additional, Balmer, R. S., additional, Soley, D. E. J., additional, Hilton, K. P., additional, Uren, M. J., additional, Martin, T., additional, and Brown, P. D., additional

Published
2003
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35. Efficient Data Organisation in Distributed Computer Systems using Data Warehouse.

Author

Cosma, S., Văleanu, M., Cosma, D., Moldovan, G., and Vasilescu, D.

Subjects
DISTRIBUTED computing, DATA warehousing, COMPUTER networks, DISTRIBUTED databases, ALGORITHMS, MATHEMATICAL optimization, DATA marts
Abstract

Databases represent a highly developed form of data organisation. The efficient use of databases by their beneficiaries is a permanent and stringent concern. The first part of the article presents a short development of the way data are organised and of the ways distributed databases can be optimised in computer networks. Then, two means for the efficient operation of distributed databases are shown. The last part of the paper evaluations of the architectures of some data warehouses (DW) and of their building are made. Using the data warehouse, a beneficiary can prepare in advance the required support to get reports and then make the right decisions in specific situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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40. Testing and comparison of imaging detectors for electrons in the energy range 10–20 keV

Author

Matheson, J., Moldovan, G., Kirkland, A., Allinson, N., Abrahams, J. P., Matheson, J., Moldovan, G., Kirkland, A., Allinson, N., and Abrahams, J. P.

Abstract

Interest in direct detectors for low-energy electrons has increased markedly in recent years. Detection of electrons in the energy range up to low tens of keV is important in techniques such as photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). The PEEM technique is used both in the laboratory and on synchrotron light sources worldwide. The ubiquity of SEMs means that there is a very large market for EBSD detectors for materials studies. Currently, the most widely used detectors in these applications are based on indirect detection of incident electrons. Examples include scintillators or microchannel plates (MCPs), coupled to CCD cameras. Such approaches result in blurring in scintillators/phosphors, distortions in optical systems, and inefficiencies due the limited active area of MCPs. In principle, these difficulties can be overcome using direct detection in a semiconductor device. Growing out of a feasibility study into the use of a direct detector for use on an XPEEM, we have built at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory a system to illuminate detectors with an electron beam of energy up to 20 keV . We describe this system in detail. It has been used to measure the performance of a custom back-thinned monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS), a detector based on the Medipix2 chip, and a commercial detector based on MCPs. We present a selection of the results from these measurements and compare and contrast different detector types.

41. Characterisation of a monolithic active pixel sensor for electron detection in the energy range 10-20 keV

Author

Matheson, J., Moldovan, G., Clark, A., Prydderch, M., Turchetta, R., Derbyshire, G., Kirkland, A., Allinson, Nigel, Matheson, J., Moldovan, G., Clark, A., Prydderch, M., Turchetta, R., Derbyshire, G., Kirkland, A., and Allinson, Nigel

Abstract

As part of a feasibility study into the use of novel electron detectors for X-ray photoelectron emission microscopes (XPEEM), we have characterised the imaging performance of a back-illuminated monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) operating under both integrating and counting modes for electrons in the energy range 10-20 keV. For integrating mode, we present the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), which shows marked improvements over conventional indirect detectors based on microchannel plates. We also present the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS), again demonstrating significantly improved performance. For counting mode, we present the quantum efficiency (QE) as a function of incident electron energy. We have evaluated the charge collection efficiency (CCE) and we thereby demonstrate the presence of a ~200 nm thick dead layer that is linked with reduced CCE at low electron energies. Based on our findings, we believe that the MAPS technology is well matched to future XPEEM instruments using aberration correction. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

42. Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications:LAS VEGAS - An observational study in 29 countries

Author

Schultz, Marcus J., Hemmes, Sabrine N. T., Neto, Ary Serpa, Binnekade, Jan M., Canet, Jaume, Hedenstierna, Goran, Jaber, Samir, Hiesmayr, Michael, Hollmann, Markus W., Mills, Gary H., Vidal Melo, Marcos F., Pearse, Rupert, Putensen, Christian, Schmid, Werner, Severgnini, Paolo, Wrigge, Hermann, De Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Pelosi, Paolo, Kroell W, Metzler H, Struber G, Wegscheider T, Gombotz H, Hiesmayr M, Schmid W, Urbanek B, Leva B, Damster S, Plichon B, Kahn D, Momeni M, Pospiech A, Lois F, Forget P, Grosu I, Poelaert J, van Mossevelde V, van Malderen MC, Dylst D, van Melkebeek J, Beran M, de Hert S, De Baerdemaeker L, Heyse B, van Limmen J, Wyffels P, Jacobs T, Roels N, De Bruyne A, van de Velde S, Juros-Zovko M, Djonoviċ-Omanoviċ D, Serpa Neto A, Pernar S, Zunic J, Miskovic P, Zilic A, Kvolik S, Ivic D, Azenic-Venzera D, Skiljic S, Vinkovic H, Oputric I, Juricic K, Frkovic V, Kopic J, Mirkovic I, Karanovic N, Carev M, Dropulic N, Pavičić-Šarić J, Erceg G, Bogdanović Dvorščak M, Mazul-Sunko B, Pavicic AM, Goranovic T, Maldini B, Radocaj T, Gavranovic Z, Mladic-Batinica I, Sehovic M, Stourac P, Harazim H, Smekalova O, Kosinova M, Kolacek T, Hudacek K, Drab M, Brujevic J, Vitkova K, Jirmanova K, Volfova I, Dzurnakova P, Liskova K, Dudas R, Filipsky R, El Kafrawy S, Hosny Abdelwahab H, Metwally T, Abdel-Razek A, El-Shaarawy AM, Fathy Hasan W, Gouda Ahmed A, Yassin H, Magdy M, Abdelhady M, Mahran M, Herodes E, Kivik P, Oganjan J, Aun A, Sormus A, Sarapuu K, Mall M, Karjagin J, Futier E, Petit A, Gerard A, Marret E, Solier M, Jaber S, Prades A, Putensen C, Krassler J, Merzky S, Gama de Abreu M, Uhlig C, Kiss T, Bundy A, Bluth T, Güldner A, Spieth P, Scharffenberg M, Tran Thiem D, Koch T, Treschan T, Schaefer M, Bastin B, Geib J, Weiss M, Kienbaum P, Pannen B, Gottschalk A, Konrad M, Westerheide D, Schwerdtfeger B, Wrigge H, Simon P, Reske A, Nestler C, Valsamidis D, Stroumpoulis K, Antholopoulos G, Andreou A, Karapanos D, Theodoraki K, Gkiokas G, Tasoulis MK, Sidiropoulou T, Zafeiropoulou F, Florou P, Pandazi A, Tsaousi G, Nouris C, Pourzitaki C, Bystritski D, Pizov R, Eden A, Pesce CV, Campanile A, Marrella A, Grasso S, De Michele M, Bona F, Giacoletto G, Sardo E, Giancarlo L, Sottosanti V, Solca M, Volta CA, Spadaro S, Verri M, Ragazzi R, Zoppellari R, Cinnella G, Raimondo P, La Bella D, Mirabella L, D'antini D, Pelosi P, Molin A, Brunetti I, Gratarola A, Pellerano G, Sileo R, Pezzatto S, Montagnani L, Pasin L, Landoni G, Zangrillo A, Beretta L, Di Parma AL, Tarzia V, Dossi R, Sassone ME, Sances D, Tredici S, Spano G, Castellani G, Delunas L, Peradze S, Venturino M, Arpino I, Sher S, Tommasino C, Rapido F, Morelli P, Vargas M, Servillo G, Cortegiani A, Raineri SM, Montalto F, Russotto V, Giarratano A, Baciarello M, Generali M, Cerati G, Leykin Y, Bressan F, Bartolini V, Zamidei L, Brazzi L, Liperi C, Sales G, Pistidda L, Severgnini P, Brugnoni E, Musella G, Bacuzzi A, Muhardri D, Gecaj-Gashi A, Sada F, Bytyqi A, Karbonskiene A, Aukstakalniene R, Teberaite Z, Salciute E, Tikuisis R, Miliauskas P, Jurate S, Kontrimaviciute E, Tomkute G, Xuereb J, Bezzina M, Borg FJ, Hemmes S, Schultz M, Hollmann M, Wiersma I, Binnekade J, Bos L, Boer C, Duvekot A, In 't Veld B, Werger A, Dennesen P, Severijns C, de Jong J, Hering J, van Beek R, Ivars S, Jammer I, Breidablik A, Skirstad Hodt K, Fjellanger F, VicoAvalos M, Mellin-Olsen J, Andersson E, Shafi-Kabiri A, Molina R, Wutai S, Morais E, Tareco GR, Ferreira D, Amaral J, Gonçalves Castro ML, Cadilha S, Appleton S, Parente S, Correia M, Martins D, Monteirosa A, Ricardo A, Rodrigues S, Horhota L, Grintescu IM, Mirea L, Grintescu IC, Corneci D, Negoita S, Dutu M, Popescu Garotescu I, Filipescu D, Prodan AB, Droc G, Fota R, Popescu M, Tomescu D, Petcu AM, Tudoroiu MI, Moise A, Guran CT, Gherghina I, Costea D, Cindea I, Copotoiu SM, Copotoiu R, Barsan V, Tolcser Z, Riciu M, Moldovan GS, Veres M, Gritsan A, Kapkan T, Gritsan G, Korolkov O, Kulikov A, Lubnin A, Ovezov A, Prokoshev P, Lugovoy A, Anipchenko N, Babayants A, Komissarova I, Zalina K, Likhvantsev V, Fedorov S, Lazukic A, Pejakovic J, Mihajlovic D, Kusnierikova Z, Zelinkova M, Bruncakova K, Polakovicova L, Sobona V, Novak-Supe B, Pekle-Golez A, Jovanov M, Strazisar B, Markovic-Bozic J, Novak-Jankovic V, Voje M, Grynyuk A, Kostadinov I, Spindler-Vesel A, Moral V, Unzueta C, Puigbo C, Fava J, Canet J, Moret E, Rodriguez Nunez MN, Sendra M, Brunelli A, Rodenas F, Monedero P, Hidalgo Martinez F, Yepes Temino MJ, Marti Nez Simon A, de Abajo Larriba A, Lisi A, Perez G, Martinez R, Granell M, Tatay Vivo J, Saiz Ruiz C, de Andre S Iban Ez JA, Pastor E, Soro M, Ferrando C, Defez M, Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano C, Pere R, Rico J, Jawad M, Saeed Y, Gillberg L, Hedenstierna G, Kazak Bengisun Z, Kansu Kazbek B, Coskunfirat N, Boztug N, Sanli S, Yilmaz M, Hadimioglu N, Senturk NM, Camci E, Kucukgoncu S, Sungur Z, Sivrikoz N, Ustalar Ozgen S, Toraman F, Selvi O, Senturk O, Yildiz M, Kuvaki B, Gunenc F, Kucukguclu S, Ozbilgin SU, Maral J, Canli S, Arun O, Saltali A, Aydogan E, Akgün FN, Sanlikarip C, Mine Karaman F, Mazur A, Vorotyntsev S, Rousseau G, Barrett C, Stancombe L, Shelley B, Scholes H, Limb J, Rafi A, Wayman L, Deane J, Rogerson D, Williams J, Yates S, Rogers E, Pulletz M, Moreton S, Jones S, Venkatesh S, Burton M, Brown L, Goodall C, Rucklidge M, Fuller D, Nadolski M, Kusre S, Lundberg M, Everett L, Nutt H, Zuleika M, Carvalho P, Clements D, Creagh-Brown B, Watt P, Raymode P, Pearse R, Mohr O, Raj A, Creary T, Chishti A, Bell A, Higham C, Cain A, Gibb S, Mowat S, Franklin D, West C, Minto G, Boyd N, Mills G, Calton E, Walker R, Mackenzie F, Ellison B, Roberts H, Chikungwa M, Jackson C, Donovan A, Foot J, Homan E, Montgomery J, Portch D, Mercer P, Palmer J, Paddle J, Fouracres A, Datson A, Andrew A, Welch L, Rose A, Varma S, Simeson K, Rambhatla M, Susarla J, Marri S, Kodaganallur K, Das A, Algarsamy S, Colley J, Davies S, Szewczyk M, Smith T, Fernandez-Bustamante A, Luzier E, Almagro A, Vidal Melo M, Fernando L, Sulemanji D, Sprung J, Weingarten T, Kor D, Scavonetto F, Tze Y., Schultz, M, Hemmes, S, Neto, A, Binnekade, J, Canet, J, Hedenstierna, G, Jaber, S, Hiesmayr, M, Hollmann, M, Mills, G, Vidal Melo, M, Pearse, R, Putensen, C, Schmid, W, Severgnini, P, Wrigge, H, De Abreu, M, Pelosi, P, Kroell, W, Metzler, H, Struber, G, Wegscheider, T, Gombotz, H, Urbanek, B, Leva, B, Damster, S, Plichon, B, Kahn, D, Momeni, M, Pospiech, A, Lois, F, Forget, P, Grosu, I, Poelaert, J, van Mossevelde, V, van Malderen, M, Dylst, D, van Melkebeek, J, Beran, M, de Hert, S, De Baerdemaeker, L, Heyse, B, van Limmen, J, Wyffels, P, Jacobs, T, Roels, N, De Bruyne, A, van de Velde, S, Juros-Zovko, M, Djonovic-Omanovic, D, Pernar, S, Zunic, J, Miskovic, P, Zilic, A, Kvolik, S, Ivic, D, Azenic-Venzera, D, Skiljic, S, Vinkovic, H, Oputric, I, Juricic, K, Frkovic, V, Kopic, J, Mirkovic, I, Karanovic, N, Carev, M, Dropulic, N, Pavicic-Saric, J, Erceg, G, Bogdanovic Dvorcak, M, Mazul-Sunko, B, Pavicic, A, Goranovic, T, Maldini, B, Radocaj, T, Gavranovic, Z, Mladic-Batinica, I, Sehovic, M, Stourac, P, Harazim, H, Smekalova, O, Kosinova, M, Kolacek, T, Hudacek, K, Drab, M, Brujevic, J, Vitkova, K, Jirmanova, K, Volfova, I, Dzurnakova, P, Liskova, K, Dudas, R, Filipsky, R, El Kafrawy, S, Hosny Abdelwahab, H, Metwally, T, Abdel-Razek, A, El-Shaarawy, A, Fathy Hasan, W, Gouda Ahmed, A, Yassin, H, Magdy, M, Abdelhady, M, Mahran, M, Herodes, E, Kivik, P, Oganjan, J, Aun, A, Sormus, A, Sarapuu, K, Mall, M, Karjagin, J, Futier, E, Petit, A, Gerard, A, Marret, E, Solier, M, Prades, A, Krassler, J, Merzky, S, Uhlig, C, Kiss, T, Bundy, A, Bluth, T, Guldner, A, Spieth, P, Scharffenberg, M, Tran Thiem, D, Koch, T, Treschan, T, Schaefer, M, Bastin, B, Geib, J, Weiss, M, Kienbaum, P, Pannen, B, Gottschalk, A, Konrad, M, Westerheide, D, Schwerdtfeger, B, Simon, P, Reske, A, Nestler, C, Valsamidis, D, Stroumpoulis, K, Antholopoulos, G, Andreou, A, Karapanos, D, Theodoraki, K, Gkiokas, G, Tasoulis, M, Sidiropoulou, T, Zafeiropoulou, F, Florou, P, Pandazi, A, Tsaousi, G, Nouris, C, Pourzitaki, C, Bystritski, D, Pizov, R, Eden, A, Pesce, C, Campanile, A, Marrella, A, Grasso, S, De Michele, M, Bona, F, Giacoletto, G, Sardo, E, Giancarlo, L, Sottosanti, V, Solca, M, Volta, C, Spadaro, S, Verri, M, Ragazzi, R, Zoppellari, R, Cinnella, G, Raimondo, P, La Bella, D, Mirabella, L, D'Antini, D, Molin, A, Brunetti, I, Gratarola, A, Pellerano, G, Sileo, R, Pezzatto, S, Montagnani, L, Pasin, L, Landoni, G, Zangrillo, A, Beretta, L, Di Parma, A, Tarzia, V, Dossi, R, Sassone, M, Sances, D, Tredici, S, Spano, G, Castellani, G, Delunas, L, Peradze, S, Venturino, M, Arpino, I, Sher, S, Tommasino, C, Rapido, F, Morelli, P, Vargas, M, Servillo, G, Cortegiani, A, Raineri, S, Montalto, F, Russotto, V, Giarratano, A, Baciarello, M, Generali, M, Cerati, G, Leykin, Y, Bressan, F, Bartolini, V, Zamidei, L, Brazzi, L, Liperi, C, Sales, G, Pistidda, L, Brugnoni, E, Musella, G, Bacuzzi, A, Muhardri, D, Gecaj-Gashi, A, Sada, F, Bytyqi, A, Karbonskiene, A, Aukstakalniene, R, Teberaite, Z, Salciute, E, Tikuisis, R, Miliauskas, P, Jurate, S, Kontrimaviciute, E, Tomkute, G, Xuereb, J, Bezzina, M, Borg, F, Wiersma, I, Bos, L, Boer, C, Duvekot, A, In't Veld, B, Werger, A, Dennesen, P, Severijns, C, de Jong, J, Hering, J, van Beek, R, Ivars, S, Jammer, I, Breidablik, A, Skirstad Hodt, K, Fjellanger, F, Vicoavalos, M, Mellin-Olsen, J, Andersson, E, Shafi-Kabiri, A, Molina, R, Wutai, S, Morais, E, Tareco, G, Ferreira, D, Amaral, J, Goncalves Castro, M, Cadilha, S, Appleton, S, Parente, S, Correia, M, Martins, D, Monteirosa, A, Ricardo, A, Rodrigues, S, Horhota, L, Grintescu, I, Mirea, L, Corneci, D, Negoita, S, Dutu, M, Popescu Garotescu, I, Filipescu, D, Prodan, A, Droc, G, Fota, R, Popescu, M, Tomescu, D, Petcu, A, Tudoroiu, M, Moise, A, Guran, C, Gherghina, I, Costea, D, Cindea, I, Copotoiu, S, Copotoiu, R, Barsan, V, Tolcser, Z, Riciu, M, Moldovan, G, Veres, M, Gritsan, A, Kapkan, T, Gritsan, G, Korolkov, O, Kulikov, A, Lubnin, A, Ovezov, A, Prokoshev, P, Lugovoy, A, Anipchenko, N, Babayants, A, Komissarova, I, Zalina, K, Likhvantsev, V, Fedorov, S, Lazukic, A, Pejakovic, J, Mihajlovic, D, Kusnierikova, Z, Zelinkova, M, Bruncakova, K, Polakovicova, L, Sobona, V, Novak-Supe, B, Pekle-Golez, A, Jovanov, M, Strazisar, B, Markovic-Bozic, J, Novak-Jankovic, V, Voje, M, Grynyuk, A, Kostadinov, I, Spindler-Vesel, A, Moral, V, Unzueta, C, Puigbo, C, Fava, J, Moret, E, Rodriguez Nunez, M, Sendra, M, Brunelli, A, Rodenas, F, Monedero, P, Hidalgo Martinez, F, Yepes Temino, M, Marti Nez Simon, A, de Abajo Larriba, A, Lisi, A, Perez, G, Martinez, R, Granell, M, Tatay Vivo, J, Saiz Ruiz, C, de Andre S Iban Ez, J, Pastor, E, Soro, M, Ferrando, C, Defez, M, Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano, C, Pere, R, Rico, J, Jawad, M, Saeed, Y, Gillberg, L, Kazak Bengisun, Z, Kansu Kazbek, B, Coskunfirat, N, Boztug, N, Sanli, S, Yilmaz, M, Hadimioglu, N, Senturk, N, Camci, E, Kucukgoncu, S, Sungur, Z, Sivrikoz, N, Ustalar Ozgen, S, Toraman, F, Selvi, O, Senturk, O, Yildiz, M, Kuvaki, B, Gunenc, F, Kucukguclu, S, Ozbilgin, S, Maral, J, Canli, S, Arun, O, Saltali, A, Aydogan, E, Akgun, F, Sanlikarip, C, Mine Karaman, F, Mazur, A, Vorotyntsev, S, Rousseau, G, Barrett, C, Stancombe, L, Shelley, B, Scholes, H, Limb, J, Rafi, A, Wayman, L, Deane, J, Rogerson, D, Williams, J, Yates, S, Rogers, E, Pulletz, M, Moreton, S, Jones, S, Venkatesh, S, Burton, M, Brown, L, Goodall, C, Rucklidge, M, Fuller, D, Nadolski, M, Kusre, S, Lundberg, M, Everett, L, Nutt, H, Zuleika, M, Carvalho, P, Clements, D, Creagh-Brown, B, Watt, P, Raymode, P, Mohr, O, Raj, A, Creary, T, Chishti, A, Bell, A, Higham, C, Cain, A, Gibb, S, Mowat, S, Franklin, D, West, C, Minto, G, Boyd, N, Calton, E, Walker, R, Mackenzie, F, Ellison, B, Roberts, H, Chikungwa, M, Jackson, C, Donovan, A, Foot, J, Homan, E, Montgomery, J, Portch, D, Mercer, P, Palmer, J, Paddle, J, Fouracres, A, Datson, A, Andrew, A, Welch, L, Rose, A, Varma, S, Simeson, K, Rambhatla, M, Susarla, J, Marri, S, Kodaganallur, K, Das, A, Algarsamy, S, Colley, J, Davies, S, Szewczyk, M, Smith, T, Fernandez-Bustamante, A, Luzier, E, Almagro, A, Fernando, L, Sulemanji, D, Sprung, J, Weingarten, T, Kor, D, Scavonetto, F, Tze, Y, Schultz, M. J., Hemmes, S. N. T., Neto, A. S., Binnekade, J. M., Canet, J., Hedenstierna, G., Jaber, S., Hiesmayr, M., Hollmann, M. W., Mills, G. H., Vidal Melo, M. F., Pearse, R., Putensen, C., Schmid, W., Severgnini, P., Wrigge, H., De Abreu, M. G., Pelosi, P., Kroell, W., Metzler, H., Struber, G., Wegscheider, T., Gombotz, H., Urbanek, B., Leva, B., Damster, S., Plichon, B., Kahn, D., Momeni, M., Pospiech, A., Lois, F., Forget, P., Grosu, I., Poelaert, J., van Mossevelde, V., van Malderen, M. C., Dylst, D., van Melkebeek, J., Beran, M., de Hert, S., De Baerdemaeker, L., Heyse, B., van Limmen, J., Wyffels, P., Jacobs, T., Roels, N., De Bruyne, A., van de Velde, S., Juros-Zovko, M., Djonovic-Omanovic, D., Pernar, S., Zunic, J., Miskovic, P., Zilic, A., Kvolik, S., Ivic, D., Azenic-Venzera, D., Skiljic, S., Vinkovic, H., Oputric, I., Juricic, K., Frkovic, V., Kopic, J., Mirkovic, I., Karanovic, N., Carev, M., Dropulic, N., Pavicic-Saric, J., Erceg, G., Bogdanovic Dvorcak, M., Mazul-Sunko, B., Pavicic, A. M., Goranovic, T., Maldini, B., Radocaj, T., Gavranovic, Z., Mladic-Batinica, I., Sehovic, M., Stourac, P., Harazim, H., Smekalova, O., Kosinova, M., Kolacek, T., Hudacek, K., Drab, M., Brujevic, J., Vitkova, K., Jirmanova, K., Volfova, I., Dzurnakova, P., Liskova, K., Dudas, R., Filipsky, R., El Kafrawy, S., Hosny Abdelwahab, H., Metwally, T., Abdel-Razek, A., El-Shaarawy, A. M., Fathy Hasan, W., Gouda Ahmed, A., Yassin, H., Magdy, M., Abdelhady, M., Mahran, M., Herodes, E., Kivik, P., Oganjan, J., Aun, A., Sormus, A., Sarapuu, K., Mall, M., Karjagin, J., Futier, E., Petit, A., Gerard, A., Marret, E., Solier, M., Prades, A., Krassler, J., Merzky, S., Uhlig, C., Kiss, T., Bundy, A., Bluth, T., Guldner, A., Spieth, P., Scharffenberg, M., Tran Thiem, D., Koch, T., Treschan, T., Schaefer, M., Bastin, B., Geib, J., Weiss, M., Kienbaum, P., Pannen, B., Gottschalk, A., Konrad, M., Westerheide, D., Schwerdtfeger, B., Simon, P., Reske, A., Nestler, C., Valsamidis, D., Stroumpoulis, K., Antholopoulos, G., Andreou, A., Karapanos, D., Theodoraki, K., Gkiokas, G., Tasoulis, M. K., Sidiropoulou, T., Zafeiropoulou, F., Florou, P., Pandazi, A., Tsaousi, G., Nouris, C., Pourzitaki, C., Bystritski, D., Pizov, R., Eden, A., Pesce, C. V., Campanile, A., Marrella, A., Grasso, S., De Michele, M., Bona, F., Giacoletto, G., Sardo, E., Giancarlo, L., Sottosanti, V., Solca, M., Volta, C. A., Spadaro, S., Verri, M., Ragazzi, R., Zoppellari, R., Cinnella, G., Raimondo, P., La Bella, D., Mirabella, L., D'Antini, D., Molin, A., Brunetti, I., Gratarola, A., Pellerano, G., Sileo, R., Pezzatto, S., Montagnani, L., Pasin, L., Landoni, G., Zangrillo, A., Beretta, L., Di Parma, A. L., Tarzia, V., Dossi, R., Sassone, M. E., Sances, D., Tredici, S., Spano, G., Castellani, G., Delunas, L., Peradze, S., Venturino, M., Arpino, I., Sher, S., Tommasino, C., Rapido, F., Morelli, P., Vargas, M., Servillo, G., Cortegiani, A., Raineri, S. M., Montalto, F., Russotto, V., Giarratano, A., Baciarello, M., Generali, M., Cerati, G., Leykin, Y., Bressan, F., Bartolini, V., Zamidei, L., Brazzi, L., Liperi, C., Sales, G., Pistidda, L., Brugnoni, E., Musella, G., Bacuzzi, A., Muhardri, D., Gecaj-Gashi, A., Sada, F., Bytyqi, A., Karbonskiene, A., Aukstakalniene, R., Teberaite, Z., Salciute, E., Tikuisis, R., Miliauskas, P., Jurate, S., Kontrimaviciute, E., Tomkute, G., Xuereb, J., Bezzina, M., Borg, F. J., Wiersma, I., Bos, L., Boer, C., Duvekot, A., In't Veld, B., Werger, A., Dennesen, P., Severijns, C., de Jong, J., Hering, J., van Beek, R., Ivars, S., Jammer, I., Breidablik, A., Skirstad Hodt, K., Fjellanger, F., Vicoavalos, M., Mellin-Olsen, J., Andersson, E., Shafi-Kabiri, A., Molina, R., Wutai, S., Morais, E., Tareco, G. R., Ferreira, D., Amaral, J., Goncalves Castro, M. L., Cadilha, S., Appleton, S., Parente, S., Correia, M., Martins, D., Monteirosa, A., Ricardo, A., Rodrigues, S., Horhota, L., Grintescu, I. M., Mirea, L., Grintescu, I. C., Corneci, D., Negoita, S., Dutu, M., Popescu Garotescu, I., Filipescu, D., Prodan, A. B., Droc, G., Fota, R., Popescu, M., Tomescu, D., Petcu, A. M., Tudoroiu, M. I., Moise, A., Guran, C. T., Gherghina, I., Costea, D., Cindea, I., Copotoiu, S. M., Copotoiu, R., Barsan, V., Tolcser, Z., Riciu, M., Moldovan, G. S., Veres, M., Gritsan, A., Kapkan, T., Gritsan, G., Korolkov, O., Kulikov, A., Lubnin, A., Ovezov, A., Prokoshev, P., Lugovoy, A., Anipchenko, N., Babayants, A., Komissarova, I., Zalina, K., Likhvantsev, V., Fedorov, S., Lazukic, A., Pejakovic, J., Mihajlovic, D., Kusnierikova, Z., Zelinkova, M., Bruncakova, K., Polakovicova, L., Sobona, V., Novak-Supe, B., Pekle-Golez, A., Jovanov, M., Strazisar, B., Markovic-Bozic, J., Novak-Jankovic, V., Voje, M., Grynyuk, A., Kostadinov, I., Spindler-Vesel, A., Moral, V., Unzueta, C., Puigbo, C., Fava, J., Moret, E., Rodriguez Nunez, M. N., Sendra, M., Brunelli, A., Rodenas, F., Monedero, P., Hidalgo Martinez, F., Yepes Temino, M. J., Marti Nez Simon, A., de Abajo Larriba, A., Lisi, A., Perez, G., Martinez, R., Granell, M., Tatay Vivo, J., Saiz Ruiz, C., de Andre S Iban Ez, J. A., Pastor, E., Soro, M., Ferrando, C., Defez, M., Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano, C., Pere, R., Rico, J., Jawad, M., Saeed, Y., Gillberg, L., Kazak Bengisun, Z., Kansu Kazbek, B., Coskunfirat, N., Boztug, N., Sanli, S., Yilmaz, M., Hadimioglu, N., Senturk, N. M., Camci, E., Kucukgoncu, S., Sungur, Z., Sivrikoz, N., Ustalar Ozgen, S., Toraman, F., Selvi, O., Senturk, O., Yildiz, M., Kuvaki, B., Gunenc, F., Kucukguclu, S., Ozbilgin, S. U., Maral, J., Canli, S., Arun, O., Saltali, A., Aydogan, E., Akgun, F. N., Sanlikarip, C., Mine Karaman, F., Mazur, A., Vorotyntsev, S., Rousseau, G., Barrett, C., Stancombe, L., Shelley, B., Scholes, H., Limb, J., Rafi, A., Wayman, L., Deane, J., Rogerson, D., Williams, J., Yates, S., Rogers, E., Pulletz, M., Moreton, S., Jones, S., Venkatesh, S., Burton, M., Brown, L., Goodall, C., Rucklidge, M., Fuller, D., Nadolski, M., Kusre, S., Lundberg, M., Everett, L., Nutt, H., Zuleika, M., Carvalho, P., Clements, D., Creagh-Brown, B., Watt, P., Raymode, P., Mohr, O., Raj, A., Creary, T., Chishti, A., Bell, A., Higham, C., Cain, A., Gibb, S., Mowat, S., Franklin, D., West, C., Minto, G., Boyd, N., Calton, E., Walker, R., Mackenzie, F., Ellison, B., Roberts, H., Chikungwa, M., Jackson, C., Donovan, A., Foot, J., Homan, E., Montgomery, J., Portch, D., Mercer, P., Palmer, J., Paddle, J., Fouracres, A., Datson, A., Andrew, A., Welch, L., Rose, A., Varma, S., Simeson, K., Rambhatla, M., Susarla, J., Marri, S., Kodaganallur, K., Das, A., Algarsamy, S., Colley, J., Davies, S., Szewczyk, M., Smith, T., Fernandez-Bustamante, A., Luzier, E., Almagro, A., Fernando, L., Sulemanji, D., Sprung, J., Weingarten, T., Kor, D., Scavonetto, F., Tze, Y., Anesthesiology, ACS - Microcirculation, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, Landoni, Giovanni, Zangrillo, Alberto, Beretta, Luigi, Schultz, Marcus J., Hemmes, Sabrine N.T., Neto, Ary Serpa, Binnekade, Jan M., Canet, Jaume, Hedenstierna, Goran, Jaber, Samir, Hiesmayr, Michael, Hollmann, Markus W., Mills, Gary H., Vidal Melo, Marcos F., Pearse, Rupert, Putensen, Christian, Schmid, Werner, Severgnini, Paolo, Wrigge, Hermann, De Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Pelosi, Paolo, Kroell W, Metzler H, Struber G, Wegscheider T, Gombotz H, Hiesmayr M, Schmid W, Urbanek B, Leva B, Damster S, Plichon B, Kahn D, Momeni M, Pospiech A, Lois F, Forget P, Grosu I, Poelaert J, van Mossevelde V, van Malderen MC, Dylst D, van Melkebeek J, Beran M, de Hert S, De Baerdemaeker L, Heyse B, van Limmen J, Wyffels P, Jacobs T, Roels N, De Bruyne A, van de Velde S, Juros-Zovko M, Djonoviċ-Omanoviċ D, Serpa Neto A, Pernar S, Zunic J, Miskovic P, Zilic A, Kvolik S, Ivic D, Azenic-Venzera D, Skiljic S, Vinkovic H, Oputric I, Juricic K, Frkovic V, Kopic J, Mirkovic I, Karanovic N, Carev M, Dropulic N, Pavičić-Šarić J, Erceg G, Bogdanović Dvorščak M, Mazul-Sunko B, Pavicic AM, Goranovic T, Maldini B, Radocaj T, Gavranovic Z, Mladic-Batinica I, Sehovic M, Stourac P, Harazim H, Smekalova O, Kosinova M, Kolacek T, Hudacek K, Drab M, Brujevic J, Vitkova K, Jirmanova K, Volfova I, Dzurnakova P, Liskova K, Dudas R, Filipsky R, El Kafrawy S, Hosny Abdelwahab H, Metwally T, Abdel-Razek A, El-Shaarawy AM, Fathy Hasan W, Gouda Ahmed A, Yassin H, Magdy M, Abdelhady M, Mahran M, Herodes E, Kivik P, Oganjan J, Aun A, Sormus A, Sarapuu K, Mall M, Karjagin J, Futier E, Petit A, Gerard A, Marret E, Solier M, Jaber S, Prades A, Putensen C, Krassler J, Merzky S, Gama de Abreu M, Uhlig C, Kiss T, Bundy A, Bluth T, Güldner A, Spieth P, Scharffenberg M, Tran Thiem D, Koch T, Treschan T, Schaefer M, Bastin B, Geib J, Weiss M, Kienbaum P, Pannen B, Gottschalk A, Konrad M, Westerheide D, Schwerdtfeger B, Wrigge H, Simon P, Reske A, Nestler C, Valsamidis D, Stroumpoulis K, Antholopoulos G, Andreou A, Karapanos D, Theodoraki K, Gkiokas G, Tasoulis MK, Sidiropoulou T, Zafeiropoulou F, Florou P, Pandazi A, Tsaousi G, Nouris C, Pourzitaki C, Bystritski D, Pizov R, Eden A, Pesce CV, Campanile A, Marrella A, Grasso S, De Michele M, Bona F, Giacoletto G, Sardo E, Giancarlo L, Sottosanti V, Solca M, Volta CA, Spadaro S, Verri M, Ragazzi R, Zoppellari R, Cinnella G, Raimondo P, La Bella D, Mirabella L, D'antini D, Pelosi P, Molin A, Brunetti I, Gratarola A, Pellerano G, Sileo R, Pezzatto S, Montagnani L, Pasin L, Landoni G, Zangrillo A, Beretta L, Di Parma AL, Tarzia V, Dossi R, Sassone ME, Sances D, Tredici S, Spano G, Castellani G, Delunas L, Peradze S, Venturino M, Arpino I, Sher S, Tommasino C, Rapido F, Morelli P, Vargas M, Servillo G, Cortegiani A, Raineri SM, Montalto F, Russotto V, Giarratano A, Baciarello M, Generali M, Cerati G, Leykin Y, Bressan F, Bartolini V, Zamidei L, Brazzi L, Liperi C, Sales G, Pistidda L, Severgnini P, Brugnoni E, Musella G, Bacuzzi A, Muhardri D, Gecaj-Gashi A, Sada F, Bytyqi A, Karbonskiene A, Aukstakalniene R, Teberaite Z, Salciute E, Tikuisis R, Miliauskas P, Jurate S, Kontrimaviciute E, Tomkute G, Xuereb J, Bezzina M, Borg FJ, Hemmes S, Schultz M, Hollmann M, Wiersma I, Binnekade J, Bos L, Boer C, Duvekot A, In 't Veld B, Werger A, Dennesen P, Severijns C, de Jong J, Hering J, van Beek R, Ivars S, Jammer I, Breidablik A, Skirstad Hodt K, Fjellanger F, VicoAvalos M, Mellin-Olsen J, Andersson E, Shafi-Kabiri A, Molina R, Wutai S, Morais E, Tareco GR, Ferreira D, Amaral J, Gonçalves Castro ML, Cadilha S, Appleton S, Parente S, Correia M, Martins D, Monteirosa A, Ricardo A, Rodrigues S, Horhota L, Grintescu IM, Mirea L, Grintescu IC, Corneci D, Negoita S, Dutu M, Popescu Garotescu I, Filipescu D, Prodan AB, Droc G, Fota R, Popescu M, Tomescu D, Petcu AM, Tudoroiu MI, Moise A, Guran CT, Gherghina I, Costea D, Cindea I, Copotoiu SM, Copotoiu R, Barsan V, Tolcser Z, Riciu M, Moldovan GS, Veres M, Gritsan A, Kapkan T, Gritsan G, Korolkov O, Kulikov A, Lubnin A, Ovezov A, Prokoshev P, Lugovoy A, Anipchenko N, Babayants A, Komissarova I, Zalina K, Likhvantsev V, Fedorov S, Lazukic A, Pejakovic J, Mihajlovic D, Kusnierikova Z, Zelinkova M, Bruncakova K, Polakovicova L, Sobona V, Novak-Supe B, Pekle-Golez A, Jovanov M, Strazisar B, Markovic-Bozic J, Novak-Jankovic V, Voje M, Grynyuk A, Kostadinov I, Spindler-Vesel A, Moral V, Unzueta C, Puigbo C, Fava J, Canet J, Moret E, Rodriguez Nunez MN, Sendra M, Brunelli A, Rodenas F, Monedero P, Hidalgo Martinez F, Yepes Temino MJ, Marti Nez Simon A, de Abajo Larriba A, Lisi A, Perez G, Martinez R, Granell M, Tatay Vivo J, Saiz Ruiz C, de Andre S Iban Ez JA, Pastor E, Soro M, Ferrando C, Defez M, Aldecoa Alvares-Santullano C, Pere R, Rico J, Jawad M, Saeed Y, Gillberg L, Hedenstierna G, Kazak Bengisun Z, Kansu Kazbek B, Coskunfirat N, Boztug N, Sanli S, Yilmaz M, Hadimioglu N, Senturk NM, Camci E, Kucukgoncu S, Sungur Z, Sivrikoz N, Ustalar Ozgen S, Toraman F, Selvi O, Senturk O, Yildiz M, Kuvaki B, Gunenc F, Kucukguclu S, Ozbilgin SU, Maral J, Canli S, Arun O, Saltali A, Aydogan E, Akgün FN, Sanlikarip C, Mine Karaman F, Mazur A, Vorotyntsev S, Rousseau G, Barrett C, Stancombe L, Shelley B, Scholes H, Limb J, Rafi A, Wayman L, Deane J, Rogerson D, Williams J, Yates S, Rogers E, Pulletz M, Moreton S, Jones S, Venkatesh S, Burton M, Brown L, Goodall C, Rucklidge M, Fuller D, Nadolski M, Kusre S, Lundberg M, Everett L, Nutt H, Zuleika M, Carvalho P, Clements D, Creagh-Brown B, Watt P, Raymode P, Pearse R, Mohr O, Raj A, Creary T, Chishti A, Bell A, Higham C, Cain A, Gibb S, Mowat S, Franklin D, West C, Minto G, Boyd N, Mills G, Calton E, Walker R, Mackenzie F, Ellison B, Roberts H, Chikungwa M, Jackson C, Donovan A, Foot J, Homan E, Montgomery J, Portch D, Mercer P, Palmer J, Paddle J, Fouracres A, Datson A, Andrew A, Welch L, Rose A, Varma S, Simeson K, Rambhatla M, Susarla J, Marri S, Kodaganallur K, Das A, Algarsamy S, Colley J, Davies S, Szewczyk M, Smith T, Fernandez-Bustamante A, Luzier E, Almagro A, Vidal Melo M, Fernando L, Sulemanji D, Sprung J, Weingarten T, Kor D, Scavonetto F, Tze Y., Graduate School, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Intensive Care Medicine, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, AII - Inflammatory diseases, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Anesthesiology research group, and Supporting clinical sciences

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Internationality, RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, 030202 anesthesiology, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, ABDOMINAL-SURGERY, 80 and over, Medicine and Health Sciences, General anaesthesia, Anesthesia, END-EXPIRATORY-PRESSURE, BERLIN DEFINITION, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Lung, Aged, 80 and over, Framingham Risk Score, Incidence (epidemiology), Respiration, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Artificial, Female, PRACTICE PATTERNS, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, mechanical ventilation, prospective observational study, Intensive care, Anesthesia, General, NONCARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY, NO, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Intraoperative Care, Respiration Disorders, Respiration, Artificial, Tidal Volume, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, ACUTE LUNG INJURY, 03 medical and health sciences, GENERAL-ANESTHESIA, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA, General, Cross-Sectional Studie, business.industry, Risk Factor, Respiration Disorder, Confidence interval, PROTECTIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION, Prospective Studie, Relative risk, MAJOR NONCARDIAC SURGERY, Postoperative Complication, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. DESIGN This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the ‘Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score’ (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND SETTING Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (V T) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg−1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH2O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P ˂ 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P ˂ 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. CONCLUSION The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high V T and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at increased risk, with worse clinical outcome.

Published
2017

43. InFluence: An Open-Source Python Package to Model Images Captured with Direct Electron Detectors.

Author

Mangan GL, Moldovan G, and Stewart A

Abstract

The high detection efficiencies of direct electron detectors facilitate the routine collection of low fluence electron micrographs and diffraction patterns. Low dose and low fluence electron microscopy experiments are the only practical way to acquire useful data from beam sensitive pharmaceutical and biological materials. Appropriate modeling of low fluence images acquired using direct electron detectors is, therefore, paramount for quantitative analysis of the experimental images. We have developed a new open-source Python package to accurately model any single layer direct electron detector for low and high fluence imaging conditions, including a means to validate against experimental data through computation of modulation transfer function and detective quantum efficiency., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America.)

Published
2023
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45. Thermally propagated Al contacts on SiGe nanowires characterized by electron beam induced current in a scanning transmission electron microscope.

Author

Conlan AP, Luong MA, Gentile P, Moldovan G, Den Hertog MI, Monroy E, and Cooper D

Abstract

Here, we use electron beam induced current (EBIC) in a scanning transmission electron microscope to characterize the structure and electronic properties of Al/SiGe and Al/Si-rich/SiGe axial nanowire heterostructures fabricated by thermal propagation of Al in a SiGe nanowire. The two heterostructures behave as Schottky contacts with different barrier heights. From the sign of the beam induced current collected at the contacts, the intrinsic semiconductor doping is determined to be n-type. Furthermore, we find that the silicon-rich double interface presents a lower barrier height than the atomically sharp SiGe/Al interface. With an applied bias, the Si-rich region delays the propagation of the depletion region and presents a reduced free carrier diffusion length with respect to the SiGe nanowire. This behaviour could be explained by a higher residual doping in the Si-rich area. These results demonstrate that scanning transmission electron microscopy EBIC is a powerful method for mapping and quantifying electric fields in micrometer- and nanometer-scale devices., (© 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

Published
2021
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46. Accommodative asthenopia among Romanian computer-using medical students-A neglected occupational disease.

Author

Moldovan HR, Voidazan ST, Moldovan G, Vlasiu MA, Moldovan G, and Panaitescu R

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Romania epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Asthenopia epidemiology, Asthenopia physiopathology, Computer Terminals, Occupational Diseases, Students, Medical
Abstract

Computers have become to play an important role in people's lives throughout the world thus increasing the number of patients with ocular complaints. Also known as computer vision syndrome, accommodative asthenopia might be considered as a neglected occupational condition, but there is no consensus regarding diagnostic criteria, which leads to under-recognition and under-reporting. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, early symptoms and specific preventive measures of accommodative asthenopia among computer-using medical students ( n  = 420), in a cross-sectional study. The most common early symptoms were: tired eyes/eye strain (86.1%), burning eyes (46.8%), migraines/headaches (46.8%), red-swollen eyes (43%), photophobia (41.8%), temporary blurred vision (35.4%), and eyelid spasms (32.9%). Our study identifies the most frequent early symptoms of accommodative asthenopia as a possible occupational disease, which might serve as a fundament for a future consensus strategy.

Published
2020
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47. The Integrated Holistic Security and Privacy Framework Deployed in CrowdHEALTH Project.

Author

Malliaros S, Xenakis C, Moldovan G, Mantas J, Magdalinou A, and Montandon L

Abstract

Introduction: Individuals and healthcare providers need to trust that the EHRs are protected and that the confidentiality of their personal information is not at stake., Aim: Within CrowdHEALTH project, a security and privacy framework that ensures confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data was developed., Methods: The CrowdHEALTH Security and Privacy framework includes Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) in order to comply with the GDPR EU laws of data protection. CrowdHEALTH deploys OpenID Connect, an authentication protocol to provide flexibility, scalability, and lightweight user authentication as well as the attribute-base access control (ABAC) mechanism which supports creating efficient access control policies., Results: CrowdHEALTH integrates ABAC with OpenID Connect to build an effective and scalable base for end-users' authorization. CrowdHEALTH's security and privacy framework interacts with other CrowdHEALTH's components, for instance the Big Data Platform, that depends on user authentication and authorization. CrowdHEALTH users are able to access the CrowdHEALTH's database based on the result of an ABAC request. Moreover, due to the fact that the CrowdHEALTH system requires proofs during the interactions with data producers of low trust or low reputation level, the requirements for the Trust and Reputation Model have been identified., Conclusion: The CrowdHEALTH Integrated Holistic Security and Privacy framework meets the security criteria for an e-health cross-border system, due to the adoption of security mechanisms, such as user authentication, user authorization, access control, data anonymization, trust management and reputation modelling. The implemented framework remains to be tested to ensure its robustness and to evaluate its performance. The holistic security and privacy framework might be adapted during the project's life circle according to new legislations., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2019 Stefanos Malliaros, Christos Xenakis, George Moldovan, John Mantas, Andriana Magdalinou, Lydia Montandon.)

Published
2019
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48. A rare association of cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis (hypersensitivity vasculitis) and hypersensitivity pneumonia (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) in a pigeon breeder - case report and literature review.

Author

Moldovan HR, Ionovici N, Nechita F, Horváth E, Ianoşi ES, Papp EG, Popoviciu HV, Jimborean G, Moldovan G, Vlasiu MA, and Szasz S

Subjects
Adult, Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic pathology, Humans, Male, Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous pathology, Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic etiology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous etiology
Abstract

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is an occupational condition intensively studied and published about, unlike cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis. The coexistence of these two diseases is even more rare in the same patient with exposure to occupational pollutants of animal origin. We present the case of a 44-year-old man, a pigeon breeder admitted to hospital with a pruritic purpuric eruption and lower limb paresthesia, dyspnea on exertion, polymyalgia rheumatica, mixed polyarthralgias. Based on the clinical, paraclinical and laboratory investigations (electroneuromyography, plethysmography, computed tomography scan, musculocutaneous biopsy, current laboratory tests and immunoassays), the main diagnoses of extrinsic allergic alveolitis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis were determined. The patient underwent treatment with corticosteroids with a favorable outcome, but which becomes aggravated by the occurrence of necrotic skin lesions at the cessation of corticosteroid therapy on the patient's own initiative. After the resumption of the corticosteroid therapy, the lesions and symptoms improve. To our knowledge, this case report is the first one that describes an association of two major conditions, extrinsic allergic alveolitis and cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis, in the same clinical context of an occupational exposure to specific pollutants. Long-term corticosteroid therapy has proved to be useful in preventing relapses and improving the patient's clinical status with the association of cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Considering our findings in this case report, we may suggest the inclusion of systemic vasculitis on the list of recognized professional diseases.

Published
2019

49. Bacteriuria and asymptomatic infection in chronic patients with indwelling urinary catheter: The incidence of ESBL bacteria.

Author

Albu S, Voidazan S, Bilca D, Badiu M, Truţă A, Ciorea M, Ichim A, Luca D, and Moldovan G

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacteria pathogenicity, Bacteriuria diagnosis, Bacteriuria epidemiology, Bacteriuria prevention & control, Catheters, Indwelling adverse effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Enterobacteriaceae Infections drug therapy, Escherichia coli isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Infections drug therapy, Female, Humans, Incidence, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation & purification, Male, Middle Aged, Proteus mirabilis isolation & purification, Retrospective Studies, Urinary Catheters adverse effects, Urinary Tract Infections diagnosis, Urinary Tract Infections epidemiology, Urinary Tract Infections prevention & control, beta-Lactamases drug effects, Asymptomatic Infections epidemiology, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteriuria microbiology, Catheters, Indwelling microbiology, Enterobacteriaceae Infections epidemiology, Escherichia coli Infections diagnosis, Urinary Catheters microbiology, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology, beta-Lactamases biosynthesis
Abstract

Urinary tract infections due to the presence of a urinary catheter represent a real problem for patients who have to carry such an invasive device for a long time.Our aim was to identify the susceptibility of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) versus non-ESBL bacteria to antibiotics in urinary tract infections in patients who are chronic carriers of urinary catheters.The retrospective study included a period of 5 years, a total of 405 patients who are chronic carriers of urinary catheters, admitted to rehabilitation and palliative care units.Escherichia coli (E coli) was isolated in 41.2% of patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K pneumoniae) in 24.7%, and Proteus mirabilis (P mirabilis) in 15.3%. E coli microbial resistance rates ranged from a minimum of 7.5% (nitrofurantoin) to a maximum of 77.1% (ampicillin). In the case of K pneumoniae, microbial resistance ranged from 34.2% (netilmicin) to 73.2% (ceftriaxone). Resistance rates of P mirabilis ranged from 11.1% (cefepim) to 89.5% (ampicillin). Positivity of ESBL bacteria was identified in 47.4% of patients. Resistance rates of ESBL-positive E coli ranged from 50.0% (ceftriaxone) to 88.1% (cefepime), and ESBL-negative E coli rates ranged from 3.4% (cefepime) to 64.4% (amikacin). Resistance rates of ESBL-positive K pneumoniae ranged between 39.1% (netilmicin) and 85.1% (ceftriaxone), and ESBL-negative K pneumoniae between 7.1% (cefepime) and 53.3% (amikacin). In cases of ESBL-positive P mirabilis, rates ranged from 13.3% (cefepime) to 90.3% (ceftriaxone), whereas in cases of ESBL-negative P mirabilis, rates ranged between 8.3% (cefepime) and 80.0% (trimetroprim).Bacteriuria and asymptomatic catheter infection in chronic carriers is an important public health concern due to the frequent presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our study highlights the need to develop control programs of catheter infections to minimize the risk of infections associated with these medical devices, and also the need for treatment of the infection rather than catheter colonization or contamination.

Published
2018
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50. Detecting single-electron events in TEM using low-cost electronics and a silicon strip sensor.

Author

Gontard LC, Moldovan G, Carmona-Galán R, Lin C, and Kirkland AI

Abstract

There is great interest in developing novel position-sensitive direct detectors for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that do not rely in the conversion of electrons into photons. Direct imaging improves contrast and efficiency and allows the operation of the microscope at lower energies and at lower doses without loss in resolution, which is especially important for studying soft materials and biological samples. We investigate the feasibility of employing a silicon strip detector as an imaging detector for TEM. This device, routinely used in high-energy particle physics, can detect small variations in electric current associated with the impact of a single charged particle. The main advantages of using this type of sensor for direct imaging in TEM are its intrinsic radiation hardness and large detection area. Here, we detail design, simulation, fabrication and tests in a TEM of the front-end electronics developed using low-cost discrete components and discuss the limitations and applications of this technology for TEM.

Published
2014
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