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Background: Substance misuse among teenagers has increased dramatically in recent years, and drug abuse amongst younger people has also steadily increased, with more youngsters beginning to use substances at a young age.The Aim of the work: The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the prevalence of teenage substance misuse and its trends in the toxicology and psychiatry departments of Al-Azhar University Hospital [New Damietta] between December 2020 and December 2022.Methods: In order to determine the prevalence of substance usage, a total of 140 abused adolescents were involved, along with 30 healthy participants serving as a control group. Within sixty minutes after arriving at the hospital's emergency department, blood specimens were taken in tubes containing sodium fluoride [NaF]. After that, it was maintained at 4–8 °C for standard lab analyses. High-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] was used as an additional confirmation, and radioimmunoassay strips were used as an initial test. Every health record was gathered for both the cases and the control subjects. This was conducted beside the clinical assessment, which focused on the Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] and neurological evaluation.Results: Tramadol was the most often abused medication among adolescents, closely followed by cannabis. Tramadol and cannabis were the most often abused medications in the control group, then combined use and anti-psychotic medications, antihistamines, benzodiazepines and cough suppressants, amphetamine, and antidepressants. When comparing the study group to the controls, there was a notable variation in the way that tramadol, cannabis, cough suppressants, and pharmacological combinations were administered.Conclusion: The most commonly misused drug among teenagers is tramadol, which is followed by cannabis, combined use and anti-psychotic medications, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, amphetamine, cough suppressants, and anti-depressants, respectively.

Background: Several industrial products [such as paints, cosmetics, and petrol] contained metals like lead [Pb], which are harmful to people. The reproductive organs are the primary organs affected by heavy metal toxicity through the production of oxidative stress. Selenium and curcumin could help to counteract this toxicity.Aim of the work: We investigated the possible role of Selenium or curcumin in improving the testicular toxicity caused by the intake of Lead orally in albino rats.Materials and Methods: 40 adult male albino rats were selected and unsystematically separated into 4 groups [10 rats/each] included: Group 1: control group; Group 2: Pb-exposed group; Group 3: Pb plus Selenium and Group 4: Pb plus Curcumin. Blood samples were collected for examination of serum biochemical parameters, serum Testosterone, LH, FSH levels, Total Anti-oxidant Capacity [TAC], testicular tissue oxidative stress parameters and testicular histology were evaluated.Results: Oral administration of Pb to rats for 4 weeks disturbs the testicular structure and function with a significant increase in the oxidative stress enzymes, deposition of collagen fibers and anticaspase-3 in the testis. While, administration of either Selenium or Curcumin with Pb-exposure induced significant improvement of all the testicular changes.Conclusion: Chronic lead exposure causes deteriorating changes in the testicular structures and functions which could be improved by oral intake of either Selenium or Curcumin by their antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic properties.

Background: The organic composite of two phenolic neighbors [BPA] is Bisphenol A [BPA]. It is also commonly called propane 2,2 bis[4-hydroxyphenyl]. BPA is a voluminous industrial chemical used to manufacture epoxy resins and plastics. Aim of the work: Evaluation of the effect of oral Bisphenol A on the liver and kidney of adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats [local strain] were divided into four groups [each 10 rats]. First is the control group, second is the low does BPA, third is moderate does BPA, and four is the high does BPA. The duration of exposure extended to 30 days. Then, blood samples have been collected for the measurement of serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST], serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT], blood urea, serum creatinine, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase, and glutathione. Also, hepatic and renal tissue samples were prepared for histopathological study. Results: Oral administration of BPA in a dose of 50, 100, and 150 Mg/kg/day for 30 days led to a significant increase in the blood levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine associated with a significant reduction in the blood levels of superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. There were few vacuolations of hepatocytes and congested blood vessels of the liver that were associated with changes in the kidney [narrow cortex, dilated tubules, and hypercellular glomeruli]. Conclusion: Bisphenol A oral exposure for 30 consecutive days is associated with several changes in biochemical parameters that indicate liver and kidney injury.