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Nege behandelings van CaoPo, Car, Cad, Pd, (CAP)r, CadPr, (CaP)d en CarPd (o = geen supplementasie; r -= aan rumen en d = aan duodenum) is ondersoek. P-supplementasie onderdruk Ca-absorpsie en -retensie en omgekeerd. P-absorpsie in duodenum is konsentrasie-afhanklik en Ca- en anolgllniese P-konsentrasie in die rumen is afhanklik van die inname: Ca meer so as P. Serum-Ca was betreklik konstant terwyl serum anorganiese P (Pi) beduidend deur die behandelings beinvloed is. Ca- en P-onderhoudsbehoeftes kan as 3,0 en 1,8 g/dag en die totale endogene verlies 0,5 en ongeveer 0,34 g/dag onderskeidelik beskou word. Die Ca/p verhouding vir die rumen-mikro-organismes is nie kritiesnie maar die Ca-peil mag gewoonweg meer krities as die P-peil in die rumen wees. 'n'Wye Ca/P verhouding vir herkouers is aan te beveel. Konsentrasiesvan Pi en vetsure in rumenvloeistof is betekenisvol gekorreleerd sowel as rumen-Ca met vetsure en TCA-N.The effect of different levels and combinations of Ca and P consisting of nine treatments as CaoPo, Car, Pr,Cad, Pd, (CaP)r, CadPr, (CaP)d and CarPd were investigated with an unrestricted semi-purified diet (r = to the rumen; d = to the duodenum, and o = no supplementation). P supplementation, irrespective of site, depressed Ca absorption and retention and vice versa. P absorption is favoured by high concentrations in the duodenum, absorption thus being concentration dependent. Ca and inorganic P (Pi) concentration in rumen liquor isintake dependent; the former more so than the latter. The serum Ca was relatively stable despite treatment differences, whereas serum Pi concentrationwas significantly affected by treatments. Serum Ca and Pi are negatively correlated (r = -0,5307). Car resulted in the highest concentrationof serum Ca but depressed serum Pi more effectively than e.g. CaoPo and Cad. The Ca and P maintenance requirements were found to be 3,0 and 1,8 g/day and the endogenous loss 0,5 and approximately 0,34 g/day respectively. The Ca/P ratio for the rumen microorganisms is not critical but the rumen Ca level may usually be of a more critical nature in contrast to rumen Pi levels, and thus, favouring a wider ratio than is usually recommended for non-ruminants. Concentrations of rumen liquor Pi and VFA were found to be significantly associated as well as rumen Ca with VFA and TCA-N, respectively.

Pumped flowing fluid electrical conductivity (FFEC) logs, also known as pumped borehole dilution testing, is an experimentally easy‐to‐perform approach to evaluating vertical variations in the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer. In contrast to the simplicity of the logging equipment, analysis of the data is complex and laborious. Current methods typically require repeated solution of the advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) for describing the flow in the borehole and comparison with the experimental results. In this paper, we describe a direct solution for determining borehole fluid velocity that bypasses the need for complex numerical computation and repetitive optimization. The method rests on the observation that, while solving the ADE for concentration profile in the borehole (as required for modeling and combined methods) is computationally challenging, the solution for flow distribution along the length of the borehole given concentration data is straightforward. The method can accommodate varying borehole diameters, and uses the fact that multiple profiles are taken in the standard logging approach to reduce the impact of noise. Data from both a simulated borehole and from a field test are successfully analyzed. The method is implemented in a spreadsheet, which is available as supporting information material to this paper.

Research biologists increasingly face the arduous process of assessing and implementing a combination of freeware, commercial software, and web services for the management and analysis of data from high-throughput experiments. Laboratories can spend a remarkable amount of their research budgets on software, data analysis, and data management systems. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have emphasized the need for contemporary software to be well-documented, interoperable, and extensible. However, laboratories often invest significant resources for personnel to build bespoke bioinformatics tools. This can have a marked impact on productivity and ROI, because these software tools often do not perform the way needed or hidden costs arise unexpectedly because of inefficiencies in the software. In this poster, we present a framework that Biomatters developed as a practical evaluation process to assist core facility managers and principal investigators to determine the best tools for DNA/RNA/protein sequence analysis and molecular cloning. The evaluation was performed on commercial & open source software packages using six criteria: 1) user interface, 2) data management, 3) data analysis, 4) feature availability, 5) extensibility, and 6) support. Thirteen software packages were evaluated (six commercial and seven free packages) using our six-tiered framework. This framework is useful for efficiently discriminating the strengths and weaknesses of the various packages, standardizes this process, and is helpful in reducing the amount of time spent on the evaluation process.

The results of twenty-four laboratory sessions are evaluated with respect to the role of alternative definitions of equity when communication is introduced into an environment in which voluntary contributions determine the level of public good provision to small groups of individuals. Individuals experience both non-communication and communication treatments. Additional treatments include the extent to which subjects have information about others’ payoffs from (preferences for) the consumption of public goods and about others’ incomes and payoff functions (preferences). With communication, participants in incomplete information environments are less able to coordinate their contributions while those in complete information environments succeed more often. Under complex heterogeneity payoff distributions widen with the introduction of communication. The data do not support the emergence of a particular pattern of coordination across all treatments.