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Background: Hematological disorders are found commonly in the general population existing on both ends of the spectrum with minute disorders like iron deficiency anemia to as severe as bone marrow infiltration Objective: To assess the frequency of hematological malignancies based on bone-marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital Methodology: The current study was cross-section descriptive study carried out at the Pathology department of Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan from April 2013 to October 2021. Bone-marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy was done for all the patients. Data regarding gender, age, clinical examination and diagnosis was recorded on a proforma designed for this research. Results were analyzed by using IBM SPSS (version 23). Results: In our study, a total of 182 patients were included. The mean age (±SD) in the current study was 41 (12.6) years. Based on the malignant hematological disorder, acute myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed in 15 (23.08%) patients, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in (23.08%) patients, chronic myeloid leukemia in 14 (21.54%) patients, acute leukemias in 3 (4.62%) patients, Myeloproliferative neoplasms in 6 (9.23%) patients, Lymphoproliferative disease in 11 (16.92%) patients while plasma cell myeloma was diagnosed in 1 (1.54%) patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancies in Bacha Khan Medical College followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) which is the second highest malignancies in Bacha Khan Medical College in this specific time. Keywords: hematological malignancies, bone-marrow aspiration, trephine biopsy

This paper represents an economical accident prevention embedded system based on obstacle detection IR (infra-red) sensor, which will detect the lane indicator lines on the road. Receiving signals from these sensors, a microcontroller performs various functions like monitoring, motivation and control to prevent accidents due to overtaking and wrong lane driving. An RF (radio frequency) transmitter and receiver is applied to communicate with adjacent vehicles in a relevant range, which will help a driver to take decision in case of emergency overtake. A new model is also proposed by removing the use of external RF transmitter control, located at public zone (school, hospital) and when the vehicle receiver enter into the transmitter coverage area, controls the speed of vehicle. In lieu of this model our proposed model ensures that, the vehicle can recognize itself in a public zone and control its speed automatically by detecting two horizontal lines at a specific distance on the road effectively.

Background: Disturbance of calcium hemostasis is common in patients of ß-thalassemia major. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution and presentation of hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fatimid Foundation Peshawar, Pakistan from to June 2015 to August 2015. 100 patients of ß-thalassemia major, aged 5-20 years were enrolled. After history and examination, serum calcium levels were determined through semi-automated analyzer Microlab 200. Those having levels less than 8.6 mg/dl were labelled as hypocalcemics. Sex, hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major, symptomatic hypocalcemia, presence of paresthesias & numbness, myalgias, hyperpigmentation and carpopedal spasm were variables. Frequency and percentage were calculated for all variables. Observed to expected frequencies of all variables were analyzed by chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Results: The frequency of hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major was 49/100 (49%), including 25 boys and 24 girls. The frequency of symptomatic hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major was 15/49 (30.61%). Paresthesias & numbness was present in 7/49 (14.29%) cases, hyperpigmentation in 6/49 (12.24%), myalgias in 3/49 (6.12%) and carpopedal spasm in 2/49 (4.08%) cases. The frequency of hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major and frequency of symptomatic hypocalcemia were higher in our sample than expected for the population. The frequency of paresthesia & numbness and of carpopedal spasm were similar while that of hyperpigmentation and myalgias were lower than expected. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia in ß-thalassemia major is very prevalent and mostly asymptomatic and chronic, therefore calcium levels of such patients should be periodically assessed and calcium supplementation advised where necessary.

Developing human’s life activity with enhancing safety and security protocol Android-based automation is a vast alternative. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Android APP based home automation system which achieves multiple objectives about Password-based access control, induction motor speed and light intensity control, any electrical appliance switching ON/OFF and all unnecessary electrical appliances turn off automatically by counting person if no person is present. The work is constituted with a microcontroller, IR sensors, and HC05 Bluetooth module for confirming the wireless environment using Bluetooth technology and a software interconnection is also shown for proper using. Finally, this project eliminates the traditional method of controlling AC appliance and the process of individual involvement which makes life easier and faster in daily households need for everyone.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: To know the frequency of various types of malaria in children.Malaria is present in endemic form in about 103 countries of the world. Every year > than one billionpersons in the world suffer from this disease. It kills about 1-3 million people in the world every year.Malaria infection in children is transmitted by the bites of infected anopheles mosquitoes, less commonmode of transmission are inoculation of infected blood, use of contaminated needles and from aninfected mother to her infant during late pregnancy. There are 4 types of plasmodium of malariaparasite. Plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at outpatient department ofBKMC/MMC Mardan. This study was performed from 1st March 2013 to 28th Feb. 2014. All patientsup to 12 years of age with fever with “ no focal signs on history and clinical examination” were includedin the study. Blood smear slide for MP were advised for those patients with fever with no focal signs.All patients with fever but negative for blood smear slide for MP were excluded from the study. Boththick and thin films were advised to the patients. A total of 250 patients were included in the study,which fulfilled the criteria.RESULTS: A total of 250 patients were included in the study. Males were 140 (56%) and females were110 (44%). P. Vivax was seen in 220 (88%) patients and P. falciparum was seen 30 (12%) patients.Main symptoms were fever 100%, headache 32%, vomiting 49%, diarrhea 29%, and splenomegaly 36%.Laboratory findings were: Hb% 5gm