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Wheat is a primary dietary source for the majority of Pakistan's population and is also cultivated on a global scale. Salinity is one of the primary abiotic stresses that significantly reduce cereal yield and growth. However, this problem can be resolved by incorporating salinity tolerance into the wheat crop. The objective of this experiment was to examine the bio-stimulant potential of foliar application of sugar beetroot extracts (SBE) to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity on wheat. In hydroponic conditions, wheat varieties Anaaj-17 and Gandum-1 were exposed to variable concentrations of SBE (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The wheat varieties were cultivated in two distinct environments: non-saline S0, which contained 2 mM NaCl, and saline S1, which contained 100 mM NaCl. The evaluation was conducted using a variety of morphological characteristics (shoot, root length, shoot, root fresh weight, shoot, root dry weight, root shoot ratio) and biochemical parameters (Na+, K+ in root and leaf, chlorophyll, and relative water contents in leaves) and wheat plants were harvested 30 days after transplanting. Utilizing a completely randomized design (CRD), the experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The foliar application of SBE improved the salinity tolerance of wheat. The SBE-30% dosage application exhibited superior results when contrasted with other concentrations. The foliar applications of SBE significantly enhanced the chlorophyll contents in the leaf and facilitated the growth of the shoots and roots. The SBE was determined to be advantageous in that it decreased the sodium content and increased the potassium content of foliage and roots. It was determined that SBE is effective in promoting wheat growth in both saline and non-saline hydroponic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfed soils are more vulnerable to erosion as compared to other areas. The best strategy to conserve these soils from degradation is to provide soil cover e.g., agronomic cover which plays a vital role to intercept raindrop in situ which ultimately minimizes the rate of runoff. Farmers in rainfed areas mostly cultivate forages and fodder crops which act as soil cover and source of feed for their livestock without significant economic return. It has been anticipated that use of medicinal plants is increasing day by day for the cure of diseases. Therefore, considering above objective research was planned to introduce high value medicinal plants which improve soil health and quality. The research was conducted at Soil and Water Conservation Research Station, Fateh Jang during 2019-2023. The selected plant species included were Steviarebaudiana, Aloe barbadense miller, Menthapeperita, Melissa officinalis, Mentharoyleana, Salvia rosmarinus, Origanumvulgare, Murrayakoenigii, Ocimumtenuiflorum. In addition, in Rabi season Foeniculumvulgare, Lepidiumsativum, Trigonellafoenum-graecum, Nigella sativa and Carumcopticum showed best performance. The outcomes of the study revealed that these plants species effectively, restored the soil health and improve the soil physiochemical characteristics. So, cultivation of these plants as a cover crop will ultimately uplift socio-economic condition of farmers in respect of more economic return from the same piece of land by adopting innovative technology of medicinal plant cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the role of sub anesthetic dose of ketamine when given 5 minutes prior to Propofol injection in alleviating pain of injection during cesarean section surgery. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of anesthesia and critical care, Nishtar Hospital Multan, from Aug 2016 to Feb 2017. Material and Methods: A total number of 130 (100%) patients were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS (v 23.2), mean and SD calculated for continuous data (age, BMI) and in continuous data was presented as frequency and percentages (ASA status, pain of propofol injection). Effect modification seen by applying chi square test and p-value ≤0.05 considered as significant. Results: A total number of 100% (n=130) patients were included in this study, all were females. The main outcome variable of this study was pain of propofol injection. It was observed that, in control group, 87.7% (n=57) patients complaints about pain after propofol injection and 12.13% (n=8) remain normal. But, in ketamine group only 16.9% (n=11) patients complaint about pain of propofol injection and 83.1% (n=54) were remained pain free. Conclusion: Administration of ketamine 0.25μg/kg five minutes before propofol injection is a safe and effective method in preventing propofol injection pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of placing stylet during tracheal intubation on the post-operative complications in anesthetized patients. STUDY DESIGN: A Randomized control trial. PLACE AND DURATION: Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Nishtar Hospital Multan. From 10 January 2017 to 17 June 2017 METHODOLOGY: All these patients were divided into two groups, Group S (stylet group) and group C (control group). Total 386 patients were enrolled through non probability sampling and divided in two equal groups by lottery method. Predesigned Performa was used to collected data regarding demographic variables like age and gender, and out variables like airway maintenance, pharyngeal pain and sore throat. RESULTS: A total number of 386 patients were included in this study, both genders. It was noted that group (S) showed easy airway maintenance in 95.9% patients. In group (S), 63.2% patients complained sore throat and 67.4% complained about pharyngeal pain. In group (C), only 8.3% patients complained about sore throat and 11.4% complained about pharyngeal pain. CONCLUSION: Use of stylet during endotracheal intubation make the airway maintenance easy for the anesthetist but on the other side it has complications like sore throat and post intubation pharyngeal pain more than those patients in which stylet was not used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]