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The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic impacts the health of women at reproductive age in different ways, starting from pregnancy planning to post-delivery. This narrative review summarises the challenges to obstetric practice posed by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this paper, we highlight the impacts of COVID-19 to obstetric practice globally and the efforts taken to address these challenges. Further study is critical to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy, the outcome of COVID-19 positive pregnant women, and the safety of vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Vitiligo is one of the dermatomes affecting the melanocytes resulting in their destruction and subsequent patchy depigmentation of the skin. It is postulated to occur due to an autoimmune problem. Despite being a disease with limited systemic involvement and lack of mortality, it has a severe psychological impact. It may have a powerfully negative effect on a patient's quality of life. The relationship between vitiligo and pregnancy is not widely acknowledged. It may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as recurrent miscarriage, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation and pre-eclampsia. Herein, this review describes the disease's adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes and the influence of pregnancy itself on the clinical evolution and prognosis of vitiligo., Highlights • Vitiligo may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as recurrent miscarriage, prematurity and pre-eclampsia. • In this review, a comprehensive literature search has been taken to outline the disease’s adverse effects on pregnancy. • This review also includes a literature search on the effects of pregnancy on the clinical progress of vitiligo.

Bariatric procedures are on the rise as a surgical treatment for morbid obesity. In reproductive age of women, bariatric surgeries will improve factors related to anovulation and lead to spontaneous fertility. Spontaneous pregnancy can happen within a year after bariatric surgery due to higher level of sex hormone binding globulin and follicular stimulating hormone and reduction in androgens level. Reduction of length of follicular phase of menstrual cycle was reported and contribute to improved ovulatory status. The major impact to pregnant women is development of small for gestational age babies due to persistent weight loss but this can be minimized by avoiding pregnancies too soon after bariatric surgery and good nutrition supplement. Risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia reduced among post bariatric surgery compared to no surgery. Another benefit observed are reduction in the risk of caesarean section and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. There are no significant changes in composition of breast milk in postpartum women without bariatric surgery and with women whom undergone surgery although more study needed to evaluate this effect. Good prenatal care, micronutrient supplement during antenatal follow up and close supervision from expert managing this pregnancy are essential component to ensure good outcome to mothers and their newborn., Highlights • Bariatric surgery in obese women will lead to improvement in ovulation. • Bariatric surgery will improve the BMI and reduce risk associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia. • Bariatric surgery will improve BMI and reduce miscarriages. • Bariatric surgery in obese women will improve perinatal outcome. • Mode of delivery and role of breastfeeding after bariatric surgery in obese women.