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To study the effective morphological and physiological characteristics and the cognition of main factors affecting pollination yield and seed production of phalaenopsis orchid, five varieties and their crossing were studied in a greenhouse of the Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol on 2019-2022. Eight morphological and physiological characteristics of pollination were evaluated in this research for three years and their grouping was according to a completely randomized design. The results of cluster analysis with the method of UPGMA based on the maximum distance between the clusters, 25 pollination states were divided into two groups. The results of detection of function analysis significantly correlated with cluster analysis. Also, factors analysis showed that two main factors fitted 77.1% of the data variation considered in the breeding of characteristics with the most variations in each factor. Morphological characteristics such as fresh weight of capsule (FWC), capsule volume (CV), and weight of seed in capsule (WSC) had the most positive variations between factors, and physiological traits such as TCS (Time to Capsule formation Sign) and TPS (Time to first Pollination Sign) showed the most negative one. The most amounts of FWC, CV, and WSC characteristics belonged to Nottingham× Nottingham with 9.66 g, 23.5 cm3, and 3.58 g, respectively and in the cross-pollination of Andorra× Nottingham with 8.67 g, 20.8 cm3, and 3.4 g respectively. The results of the factors analysis showed the importance of morphological pollination characteristics (FWC, CV, and WSC) and physiological traits (TPS and TCS) in the indirect selection of desired genotypes for pollination of orchid varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of nanotechnology in various biomedical and pharmaceutical fields is expanding rapidly. Objectives: The aim of this study was to synthesize zinc nanoparticles using Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extract and investigate their antimicrobial properties. Methods: In this experimental study, the aqueous extract of sour tea was mixed with a 0.1 M zinc sulfate solution at a 1:1 ratio and allowed to react for 15 minutes at room temperature to produce nanoparticles. The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed using spectrophotometric methods, measuring the average diameter of nanoparticles, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the zinc oxide nanoparticles was then measured against standard strains. Results: The results showed that the largest inhibition zone diameter was observed at a concentration of 1024 μg/mL against Listeria monocytogenes , while the smallest inhibition zone was observed against Aeromonas hydrophila. At a concentration of 512 μg/mL, an inhibition zone of 10 mm was developed against two strains: Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles, along with the sour tea aqueous extract and zinc sulfate, exhibited antibacterial properties. However, the most pronounced antimicrobial effects were observed with the zinc oxide nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate, the effects of different irrigation and fertilizer treatments on oil percent and fatty acid composition in purslane, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications on Zabol climate conditions was conducted. The treatment including three levels of irrigation (80, 60 and 40 % of FWC) as main factor and five levels of fertilizer treatments consist of: Control (without fertilizer), Cow manure (20 T/ha), Vermicompost (15 T/ha), Urea (150 kg/ha) and NPK (100 kg/ha) that as subplots was applied. During the growth period, the soil moisture was measured by TDR. The results showed that, different irrigation regimes, fertilizer and their interaction had significant effect on oil percent in leave (before and after flowering stage) and seed of purslane. Although, with the reduction of water consumption, and the drought stress occurrence, the percentage of oil was decreased, but application of organic fertilizers, especially vermicompost, at high levels of stress, the adverse effects of drought stress was reduced, Gas chromatogram (GC) showed that, 11 fatty acid components in oil of purslane was detected. Linolenic acid involved 40 and 60% of total fatty acid contents of leave and seed oil, respectively. Therefore, organic fertilizer application can save much water for the most sensitive stage of growth and oil production of purslane in drought stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]