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15 results on '"Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam"'

1. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author

Cooper, Declan L. M., Lewis, Simon L., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Prado, Paulo I., ter Steege, Hans, Barbier, Nicolas, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, de Aguiar, Daniel P. P., Ahuite Reategui, Manuel Augusto, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Albuquerque, Bianca Weiss, de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia, Alonso, Alfonso, Amani, Christian A., do Amaral, Dário Dantas, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Andrade, Ana, de Andrade Miranda, Ires Paula, Angoboy, Ilondea B., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arboleda, Nicolás Castaño, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter, Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baider, Cláudia, Baker, Timothy R., Balinga, Michael Philippe Bessike, Balslev, Henrik, Banin, Lindsay F., Bánki, Olaf S., Baraloto, Chris, Barbosa, Edelcilio Marques, Barbosa, Flávia Rodrigues, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bonyoma, Bernard, Boundja, Patrick, Bourland, Nils, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, Brambach, Fabian, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David F. R. P., Camargo, José Luís, Campelo, Wegliane, Cano, Angela, Cárdenas, Sasha, Cárdenas López, Dairon, de Sá Carpanedo, Rainiellen, Carrero Márquez, Yrma Andreina, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Casas, Luisa Fernanda, Castellanos, Hernán, Castilho, Carolina V., Cerón, Carlos, Chapman, Colin A., Chave, Jerome, Chhang, Phourin, Chutipong, Wanlop, Chuyong, George B., Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, Clark, Connie J., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Comiskey, James A., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Correa, Diego F., Costa, Flávia R. C., Costa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa, Couteron, Pierre, Culmsee, Heike, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dallmeier, Francisco, Damasco, Gabriel, Dauby, Gilles, Dávila, Nállarett, Dávila Doza, Hilda Paulette, De Alban, Jose Don T., de Assis, Rafael L., De Canniere, Charles, De Haulleville, Thales, de Jesus Veiga Carim, Marcelo, Demarchi, Layon O., Dexter, Kyle G., Di Fiore, Anthony, Din, Hazimah Haji Mohammad, Disney, Mathias I., Djiofack, Brice Yannick, Djuikouo, Marie-Noël K., Do, Tran Van, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Draper, Freddie C., Droissart, Vincent, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Engel, Julien, Estienne, Vittoria, Farfan-Rios, William, Fauset, Sophie, Feeley, Kenneth J., Feitosa, Yuri Oliveira, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Cid, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fletcher, Christine D., Flores, Bernardo Monteiro, Fofanah, Alusine, Foli, Ernest G., Fonty, Émile, Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Fuentes, Alfredo, Galbraith, David, Gallardo Gonzales, George Pepe, Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, Gomes, Vitor H. F., Gómez, Ricardo Zárate, Gonzales, Therany, Gribel, Rogerio, Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro, Guevara, Juan Ernesto, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S., Hamer, Keith C., Hamilton, Alan C., Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hart, Terese B., Hector, Andy, Henkel, Terry W., Herbohn, John, Hockemba, Mireille B. N., Hoffman, Bruce, Holmgren, Milena, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hubau, Wannes, Imai, Nobuo, Irume, Mariana Victória, Jansen, Patrick A., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Jimenez, Eliana M., Jucker, Tommaso, Junqueira, André Braga, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kasongo Yakusu, Emmanuel, Katembo, John M., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Khaing, Thiri Toe, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Klitgaard, Bente, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G. W., Laurance, William F., Laurent, Félix, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, Leal, Miguel E., Leão de Moraes Novo, Evlyn Márcia, Levesley, Aurora, Libalah, Moses B., Licona, Juan Carlos, Lima Filho, Diógenes de Andrade, Lindsell, Jeremy A., Lopes, Aline, Lopes, Maria Aparecida, Lovett, Jon C., Lowe, Richard, Lozada, José Rafael, Lu, Xinghui, Luambua, Nestor K., Luize, Bruno Garcia, Maas, Paul, Magalhães, José Leonardo Lima, Magnusson, William E., Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maniguaje Rincón, Lorena, Mansor, Asyraf, Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R, Martins, Maria Pires, Mbayu, Faustin M., de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Mesones, Italo, Metali, Faizah, Mihindou, Vianet, Millet, Jerome, Milliken, William, Mogollón, Hugo F., Molino, Jean-François, Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Montero, Juan Carlos, Moore, Sam, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, Mozombite Pinto, Linder Felipe, Mukul, Sharif Ahmed, Munishi, Pantaleo K. T., Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nascimento, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça, Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade, Neill, David, Nilus, Reuben, Noronha, Janaína Costa, Nsenga, Laurent, Núñez Vargas, Percy, Ojo, Lucas, Oliveira, Alexandre A., de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, Pansini, Susamar, Pansonato, Marcelo Petratti, Paredes, Marcos Ríos, Paudel, Ekananda, Pauletto, Daniela, Pearson, Richard G., Pena, José Luis Marcelo, Pennington, R. Toby, Peres, Carlos A., Permana, Andrea, Petronelli, Pascal, Peñuela Mora, Maria Cristina, Phillips, Juan Fernando, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Popelier, Andreas, Poulsen, John R., Prieto, Adriana, Primack, Richard B., Priyadi, Hari, Qie, Lan, Quaresma, Adriano Costa, de Queiroz, Helder Lima, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Ramos, José Ferreira, Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa, Reitsma, Jan, Revilla, Juan David Cardenas, Riutta, Terhi, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Robiansyah, Iyan, Rocha, Maira, Rodrigues, Domingos de Jesus, Rodriguez-Ronderos, M. Elizabeth, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes H., Rudas, Agustín, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sabatier, Daniel, Sagang, Le Bienfaiteur, Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni, Seuaturien, Naret, Sheil, Douglas, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silman, Miles R., Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire, da Silva Guimarães, José Renan, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Sist, Plinio, Sousa, Thaiane R., de Sousa Farias, Emanuelle, de Souza Coelho, Luiz, Spracklen, Dominick V., Stas, Suzanne M., Steinmetz, Robert, Stevenson, Pablo R., Stropp, Juliana, Sukri, Rahayu S., Sunderland, Terry C. H., Suzuki, Eizi, Swaine, Michael D., Tang, Jianwei, Taplin, James, Taylor, David M., Tello, J. Sebastián, Terborgh, John, Texier, Nicolas, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Thomas, Raquel, Thomas, Sean C., Tirado, Milton, Toirambe, Benjamin, de Toledo, José Julio, Tomlinson, Kyle W., Torres-Lezama, Armando, Tran, Hieu Dang, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Tumaneng, Roven D., Umaña, Maria Natalia, Umunay, Peter M., Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela, Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H., Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis, Van Andel, Tinde R., van de Bult, Martin, van de Pol, Jaqueline, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Vela, César I. A., Venticinque, Eduardo Martins, Verbeeck, Hans, Veridiano, Rizza Karen A., Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Villarroel, Daniel, Villa Zegarra, Boris Eduardo, Vleminckx, Jason, von Hildebrand, Patricio, Vos, Vincent Antoine, Vriesendorp, Corine, Webb, Edward L., White, Lee J. T., Wich, Serge, Wittmann, Florian, Zagt, Roderick, Zang, Runguo, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Zemagho, Lise, Zent, Egleé L., and Zent, Stanford

Published
2024
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7. Analyzing Canopy Height Patterns and Environmental Landscape Drivers in Tropical Forests Using NASA’s GEDI Spaceborne LiDAR

Author

Adrah, Esmaeel, primary, Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina, additional, Omar, Hamdan, additional, Bajaj, Shaurya, additional, Leite, Rodrigo Vieira, additional, Mazlan, Siti Munirah, additional, Silva, Carlos Alberto, additional, Chel Gee Ooi, Maggie, additional, Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam, additional, Abdul Maulud, Khairul Nizam, additional, Cardil, Adrián, additional, and Mohan, Midhun, additional

Published
2022
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9. Research Opportunity on Fractional Cover of Forest: A Bibliometric Review.

Author

Mohd Ghazali, Norzalyta, Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam, Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina, Muhmad Kamarulzaman, Aisyah Marliza, and Saad, Siti Nor Maizah

Subjects
FOREST restoration, BIBLIOMETRICS, REMOTE sensing, FOREST monitoring, CITATION analysis
Abstract

Forests are threatened globally by deforestation. Forest restoration at the landscape scale can reduce these threats. Ground-based and remote sensing inventories are needed to assess restoration success. Fractional canopy cover estimated from forest algorithms can be used to monitor forest loss, growth, and health via remote sensing. Various studies on the fractional cover of forest have been published. However, none has yet conducted a bibliometric analysis. Bibliometrics provide a detailed examination of a topic, pointing academics to new research possibilities. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first bibliometric study screening publications to assess the incidence of studies of the fractional cover of forests in Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. This research analyses WoS and Scopus publications on the fractional cover of forest dating from 1984 to 2021. The current study uses the Bibliometrix R-package for citation metrics and analysis. The first paper on the fractional cover of forest was published in 1984 and annual publication numbers have risen since 2002. USA and China were the most active countries in the study of fractional cover of forests. A total of 955 documents from 69 countries with multiple languages were retrieved. Vegetation, forestry, and remote sensing were the most discussed topics. Findings suggest more studies on the fractional cover of forests algorithms should be conducted in tropical forest from developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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12. Dynamic Impacts of Economic Growth and Forested Area on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia.

Author

Begum, Rawshan Ara, Raihan, Asif, and Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam

Abstract

This study measures the relationship and dynamic impacts of economic growth and forested area on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia. Time series data over the period of 1990 to 2016 were used by employing the dynamic ordinary least squared (DOLS) approach. The results of DOLS estimation indicate that the coefficient of economic growth is positive and significant with CO2 emissions, meaning that RM1 million increase in gross domestic product (GDP) is associated with an increase in CO2 emissions of 0.931 kilo tons. Instead, the long-run coefficient of forested area found negative and significant, which implies that declining one hectare of forested area (i.e., deforestation) has an impact of three kilo tons of CO2 emissions rise in Malaysia. Our study findings indicate that economic growth and deforested area have an adverse effect on Malaysia’s carbon emissions where GDP growth fosters carbon emissions at a faster rate. Thus, the effective implementation of policy measures and economic instruments including afforestation and reforestation, forest conservation, sustainable forest management, REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus) mechanism and other emission reduction mechanisms inter alia could be useful for reducing carbon emissions while decreasing deforestation and maintaining the long-term economic growth in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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13. Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Author

Slik, J. W. Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., K, Anitha, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H. S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-De La Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M. Shah, Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I. Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Mahmud, Khairil Bin, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Calderado Leal Matos, Darley, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P. L., Aguirre Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, De Oliveira, Eddie Lenza, Onrizal, ?, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qi, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S. B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam, Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Supriyadi, ?, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Ed V. J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Van Valkenburg, Johan, Van Do, Tran, Van Sam, Hoang, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Adou Yao, C. Yves, Yap, Sandra L., Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, and Zang, Runguo

Subjects
15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Identifying and explaining regional differences in tropical forest dynamics, structure, diversity, and composition are critical for anticipating region-specific responses to global environmental change. Floristic classifications are of fundamental importance for these efforts. Here we provide a global tropical forest classification that is explicitly based on community evolutionary similarity, resulting in identification of five major tropical forest regions and their relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. African and American forests are grouped, reflecting their former western Gondwanan connection, while Indo-Pacific forests range from eastern Africa and Madagascar to Australia and the Pacific. The connection between northern-hemisphere Asian and American forests is confirmed, while Dry forests are identified as a single tropical biome.Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.

14. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests.

Author

Slik JWF, Franklin J, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Field R, Aguilar S, Aguirre N, Ahumada J, Aiba SI, Alves LF, K A, Avella A, Mora F, Aymard C GA, Báez S, Balvanera P, Bastian ML, Bastin JF, Bellingham PJ, van den Berg E, da Conceição Bispo P, Boeckx P, Boehning-Gaese K, Bongers F, Boyle B, Brambach F, Brearley FQ, Brown S, Chai SL, Chazdon RL, Chen S, Chhang P, Chuyong G, Ewango C, Coronado IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate J, Culmsee H, Damas K, Dattaraja HS, Davidar P, DeWalt SJ, Din H, Drake DR, Duque A, Durigan G, Eichhorn K, Eler ES, Enoki T, Ensslin A, Fandohan AB, Farwig N, Feeley KJ, Fischer M, Forshed O, Garcia QS, Garkoti SC, Gillespie TW, Gillet JF, Gonmadje C, Granzow-de la Cerda I, Griffith DM, Grogan J, Hakeem KR, Harris DJ, Harrison RD, Hector A, Hemp A, Homeier J, Hussain MS, Ibarra-Manríquez G, Hanum IF, Imai N, Jansen PA, Joly CA, Joseph S, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kelly DL, Kessler M, Killeen TJ, Kooyman RM, Laumonier Y, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Lawes MJ, Letcher SG, Lindsell J, Lovett J, Lozada J, Lu X, Lykke AM, Mahmud KB, Mahayani NPD, Mansor A, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Calderado Leal Matos D, Meave JA, Melo FPL, Mendoza ZHA, Metali F, Medjibe VP, Metzger JP, Metzker T, Mohandass D, Munguía-Rosas MA, Muñoz R, Nurtjahy E, de Oliveira EL, Onrizal, Parolin P, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Paudel E, Perez R, Pérez-García EA, Pommer U, Poorter L, Qie L, Piedade MTF, Pinto JRR, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Powers JS, Prasad RC, Puyravaud JP, Rangel O, Reitsma J, Rocha DSB, Rolim S, Rovero F, Rozak A, Ruokolainen K, Rutishauser E, Rutten G, Mohd Said MN, Saiter FZ, Saner P, Santos B, Dos Santos JR, Sarker SK, Schmitt CB, Schoengart J, Schulze M, Sheil D, Sist P, Souza AF, Spironello WR, Sposito T, Steinmetz R, Stevart T, Suganuma MS, Sukri R, Sultana A, Sukumar R, Sunderland T, Supriyadi, Suresh HS, Suzuki E, Tabarelli M, Tang J, Tanner EVJ, Targhetta N, Theilade I, Thomas D, Timberlake J, de Morisson Valeriano M, van Valkenburg J, Van Do T, Van Sam H, Vandermeer JH, Verbeeck H, Vetaas OR, Adekunle V, Vieira SA, Webb CO, Webb EL, Whitfeld T, Wich S, Williams J, Wiser S, Wittmann F, Yang X, Adou Yao CY, Yap SL, Zahawi RA, Zakaria R, and Zang R

Subjects
Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Monitoring, Forests, Phylogeny, Plants classification, Plants genetics, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: ( i ) Indo-Pacific, ( ii ) Subtropical, ( iii ) African, ( iv ) American, and ( v ) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: V.A.-R., K.B.-G., B.B., F.Q.B., N.F., M.K., W.F.L., S. G. Letcher, C.B.S., D.S., T. Stevart, and S. Wiser have coauthored papers with Jens-Christian Svenning in the past 48 months. A.M.L. and Jens-Christian Svenning are both affiliated with Aarhus University., (Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)

Published
2018
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15. Epiphytic Terrestrial Algae (Trebouxia sp.) as a Biomarker Using the Free-Air-Carbon Dioxide-Enrichment (FACE) System.

Author

Ismail A, Marzuki SD, Mohd Yusof NB, Buyong F, Mohd Said MN, Sigh HR, and Zulkifli AR

Abstract

The increasing concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere has caused significant environmental changes, particularly to the lower plants such as terrestrial algae and lichens that alter species composition, and therefore can contribute to changes in community landscape. A study to understand how increased CO₂ in the atmosphere will affect algal density with minimal adjustment on its natural ecosystem, and the suitability of the algae to be considered as a biomarker, has been conducted. The current work was conducted in the Free-Air-Carbon Dioxide-Enrichment (FACE) system located in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia. CO₂ was injected through special valves located along the ring surrounding specimen trees where 10 × 10 cm quadrats were placed. A total of 16 quadrats were randomly placed on the bark of 16 trees located inside the FACE system. This system will allow data collection on the effect of increased CO₂ without interfering or changing other parameters of the surrounding environment such as the wind speed, wind direction, humidity, and temperature. The initial density Trebouxia sp. was pre-determined on 1 March 2015, and the final density was taken slightly over a year later, on 15 March 2016. The exposure period of 380 days shed some light in understanding the effect of CO₂ on these non-complex, short life cycle lower plants. The results from this research work showed that the density of algae is significantly higher after 380 days exposure to the CO₂-enriched environment, at 408.5 ± 38.5 × 10⁴ cells/cm², compared to the control site at 176.5 ± 6.9 × 10⁴ cells/cm² (independent t -test, p < 0.001). The distance between the trees and the injector valves is negatively correlated. Quadrats located in the center of the circular ring recorded lower algal density compared to the ones closer to the CO₂ injector. Quadrat 16, which was nearing the end of the CO₂ valve injector, showed an exceptionally high algal density-2-fold higher than the average density at 796 ± 38.5 × 10⁴ cells/cm². In contrast, Quadrat 9, which was located in the center of the ring (lower CO₂ concentration), recorded only 277 ± 38.5 × 10⁴ cells/cm², which further supports the previous claim. Based on the data obtained, this study provides useful data in understanding the positive effect of CO₂ on algal density, in a natural environment, and suggests the use of epiphytic terrestrial algae as a biomarker.

Published
2017
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