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Background and Objective Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is an important public health issue requiring adequate screening and management to avoid such harmful consequences. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of EDS in the perinatal period.Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out in selected public health institutions of Ethiopia on systematic selected 362 women during perinatal period. We used a validated Epworth daytime sleepiness tool to collect data. Epi-InfoTM 7 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors.Results The prevalence of EDS was 16.6% (95% CI: 12.6–20.7). Excessive pregnancy-related concern (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.232, 95% CI: 0.087–0.621), having depression symptoms (AOR = 8.045, 95% CI: 3.375–19.174), anxiety symptoms (AOR = 4.905, 95% CI: 2.083– 11.550) and having a chronic medical illness (AOR = 5.441, 95% CI: 2.273–13.021) were the factors associated with EDS.Conclusions The results of the current study suggested that perinatal EDS among women in northern part of Ethiopia is a highly prevalent and associated with excessive pregnancy concern, depression, anxiety, and medical illness.

This study was conducted to assess the factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt small-scale irrigation practices as an adaptation strategy to climate change in Kersa district, East Hararghe Zone, Oromia. The data were collected from a sample of 288 farm households (130 adopter and 158 non-adopters). Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from primary and secondary sources. A binary logistics regression model was used to identify the determinants of irrigation scheme adoption. The results indicate that the adoption of small-scale irrigation scheme was influenced by the age of the household head, dependency ratio, distance from water source, household size, frequency of extension contact, access to credit, livestock holding, off/nonfarm activities, membership in an agricultural cooperative, access to climate information, and perception of climate change, which had significant positive effects. Small-scale irrigation practices are a practical solution to lessen the effects of climate change stresses. Therefore, to improve rural farm productivity and lessen the effects of climate change stresses, the agricultural and natural resources office should focus scientific attention on the key factors that influence the adoption of small-scale irrigation.

Traditional recruiting approaches are becoming insufficient due to the fast expansion of employment markets. This is due to the fact that the corporate business is expanding at a rapid pace, and each organisation receives a large number of applications. On the practical side, reading and analysing each and every resume manually is an impossible and time-consuming task. To address this issue, this research offers a detailed and repeatable evaluation of the performance of Automatic Interviewing software, providing the framework for future benchmarking and relevant comparison studies. We also discovered that SpaCy consistently outperforms for Information Extraction and Named Entity Recognition. Keywords: Automated recruitment; deep learning; convolutional neural networks (CNN), LSTM, RNN

In this investigation a model was made to replicate the working of a shock absorber and the liquid that is used in place of the hydraulic fluid was vegetable oil. Hydraulic fluid is composed of a mineral oil base stock [1]. The working of the model of a shock absorber was tested at different temperatures. It is studied that the relation between the temperature and the time taken by the load attached to the spring to stop oscillating and presented in graph. An optimum temperature, at which the time taken by the mass of 1.50 kilograms suspended in the vegetable oil to stop oscillating and it is the least mass used in the study. In addition to this, the freezing point of the vegetable oil will also be found. It is found in this study that the two variables that is temperature of the vegetable oil and the mass of 1.5 kilograms at rest is linear. Keywords: Temperature Variation, Oil, Oscillation, Mass, Load.

Spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological model containing perfect fluid with quadratic equation of state has been diagnosed in general theory of relativity. To obtain a deterministic solution, we have used a relation between metric potentials. The exact solution of Einstein’s field equations thus obtained represents an expanding and decelerating universe. The physical and kinematical parameters of the model have also been analyzed with certain constrained between the parameters of the quadratic equation of state.

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) introduced the RPL routing protocol to meet the routing requirements of the lossy networks. The inbuilt security features in the RPL design prevent external attacks but fail to mitigate internal attackers’ threats. The absence of robust security mechanisms in the RPL design has made it vulnerable to different categories of routing attacks. A comprehensive literature review is carried out in this study, which compares the mitigation approaches suggested by different authors in their research work. This paper aims to compare and evaluate different mitigation techniques in order to identify research trends, gaps, and opportunities. The existing research work is compared with one another in terms of the experimental setup, attack focus, proposed methodology, and performance metrics to determine the best approach for tackling the RPL routing attacks.

Background The International Trachoma Initiative (ITI) provides azithromycin for mass drug administration (MDA) to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. Azithromycin is given as tablets for adults and powder for oral suspension (POS) is recommended for children aged Methods MDA was observed in three regions of Ethiopia and data were collected on azithromycin administration and ASEs. Results A total of 6477 azithromycin administrations were observed; 97.9% of children received the exact recommended dose. Of children aged 6 mo to Conclusions There is a high level of adherence to the revised azithromycin dosing guidelines and low incidence of choking and ASEs.

Maternal mortality is a significant challenge faced worldwide. Reduction in maternal mortality is one of the integral goals of Millennium development goal and sustainable development goal. Obstetric complications are the leading cause of maternal mortality. Untreated non-emergent obstetric complications can also lead to severe implications and complications thus assessment, early detection and management of such complications is critical especially at primary healthcare level since it is the immediate contact. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about non-emergent obstetric complications and their management in primary care. During pregnancy, women often visit their primary care providers because of common ailments which may be caused or exacerbated during pregnancy, also may require special attention for healthy maternal and fetal outcomes. Primary care physicians should be familiar with the distinct diagnosis of obstetric complications and in case of emergency provide timely referrals. Primary care physicians by their effective intervention and management of non-emergent obstetric complications can efficiently reduce health risk of serious complications including routine screening for anaemia, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes to avoid significant morbidity. Primary care physicians can also reduce the burden of antenatal depression by providing psychological counselling at primary centres. Primary healthcare services have critical role in assessment and management of non-emergent obstetric complications however the available literature is quite limited and scarce in this aspect and further research can only be beneficial in highlighting its role.

Low power and lossy networks (LLNs) devices resource-constrained nature make it difficult to implement security mechanisms to defend against RPL routing attacks. RPLs inbuilt security functions are not efficient in preventing a wide majority of routing attacks. RPLs optional security schemes can defend against external attacks, but cannot mitigate internal attacks. Moreover, RPL does not have any mechanism to verify the integrity of control messages used to keep topology updated and route the traffic. All these factors play a major role in increasing the RPLs threat level against routing attacks. In this paper, a comparative literature review of various researchers suggesting security mechanisms to mitigate security attacks aimed at RPL has been performed and methods have been contrasted.

The majority of pathogenic bacteria utilize cell to cell communication mechanisms to regulate the cell density and expression of virulence factors. Therefore, quorum sensing system could be one of the targets for antimicrobial strategy to control quorum sensing regulated phenotypes in the pathogenic bacteria. Several lactic acid bacteria produce peptides and secondary metabolites having antimicrobial properties. In the present study, exopolysaccharides (EPS) and secondary metabolites from the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LABs) isolated from various sources such as cow milk, sourdough, chicken intestine, buttermilk, roasted meat and idly batter were screened for quorum quenching properties against P. aeruginosa strain JUPG01isolated from rancid butter. The results revealed that EPS from LABs were not significant against screened quorum quenching activity. However, the secondary metabolites extracted from Pediococcus pentosaceus strain BS-2 and Lactobacillus fermentum strain BM-2isolated from cow milk exhibited significant quorum quenching activity. Furthermore, the strains BS-2 and BM-2 revealed significant anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa strain JUPG01. This study highlights the biotechnological applications of LABs in the eradication of Pseudomonas species associated with dairy food contamination and spoilage.

Einstein’s field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological constants are considered in presence of perfect fluid for locally-rotationally-symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-V space-time discussion in context of the particle creation. We present new shear free solutions for both absence and presence of particle creation. The solution describes the particle and entropy generation in the anisotropic cosmological models. We observe that time variation of gravitational and cosmological constant is needed for particle creation phenomena. Moreover, we obtained the particle production rate Γ(t) for this model and discussed in detail.

The Euler equations for inviscid and compressible flows are used for modeling interfacial instabilities, and in doing so all the physical dissipations are ignored under the consideration that they are extremely weak. However, numerical simulations of interfacial instabilities with numerical dissipations or with little dissipations suffer from nonphysical artifacts on the interfaces in late times of the interfacial developments. In this paper we introduce numerical dissipations for our previously developed conservative front-tracking method that simulate tangentially the missing physical dissipations in the Euler equations on the interfaces. Numerical examples show that they suppress numerical artifacts on the tracked interfaces and help to accomplish the simulations of interfacial instabilities on fine grids. Keywords: Interfacial instability, Physical dissipations, Numerical artifacts, Conservative front-tracking, Numerical dissipations

An endophytic bacterium isolated from banana G-9 (AAA genotype) leaves exhibited strong antagonistic activity against Mycosphaerella musicola. The isolate was identified as Pantoea ananatis 4G-9 by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Secondary metabolite obtained from P. ananatis 4G-9 was found to have antifungal activity. The active compound was purified from crude extract using column chromatography. Purity of the active compound was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Spectral analysis of compound using infrared, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the compound structure is an indole derivative. The compound showed strong and dose-dependent antifungal activity against M. musicola. This is the first report on P. ananatis isolated as an endophyte from banana leaves and its antifungal activity against M. musicola.

Mycosphaerella musicola produces various toxins known to play a key role in pathogenicity and disease development. In our study secondary metabolites produced by M .musicola was extracted and investigated using different parameters. The investigation was aimed to understand the phytotoxic resistance of locally growing different Musa genotypes (AB-Elakki (ELA), AAA-G9 (G9) and AAB-Nanjangud Rasa Baley (NRB)) against the crude extract and partially purified lipophilic TLC fractions extracted from the culture filtrates of M. musicola. Susceptible and resistant banana genotypes against the crude extract and partially purified fractions were analyzed by electrolyte leakage assay and leaf puncher assay. The results revealed that the crude extract and TLC fractions showed varied phytotoxicity among the banana leaves belonging to different age groups and different genotypes. Phytotoxicity studies allowed us to observe that ELA and G9 exhibited resistance to crude extract and TLC fractions, indicating that these genotypes are resistant to initial M. musicola infection.

Meeting the needs of employers and equipping graduates with employability skills are considered as among the shared responsibilities of Universities and different organizations. This study intends to assess the perception of summer cooperative graduates on their employers’ preference for generic skills to secure employment, based on their work-performance. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed for 150 summer cooperative students and 110 were received and used for analysis during the 2013 summer academic program. Both descriptive and empirical analyses were used to achieve the objectives. The One-way-ANOVA result showed statistically significant difference among respondents on the higher order thinking skills as first choice among employers. This implies that, employers of cooperative graduates prioritize higher order thinking skills than the basic academic and personal quality skills. Hence, there is a need to focus and imbed higher order thinking skills enhancing contents in the curriculum.

This is the third paper in the series of our conservative front-tracking method. In this paper, we describe how our method tracks fluid interfaces in multi-fluid flows. Two important ingredients in our conservative front-tracking method in tracking fluid interfaces are: (1) the velocities and pressures of the left and right cell-averages in a discontinuity cell are respectively maintained to be equal to each other, and in doing so the physics that the normal velocity and pressure are continuous cross the interface is simulated but that the tangential velocity may be discontinuous is ignored, and (2) a so-called numerical surface dissipation is designed on the tracked interface to eliminate possible numerical instability there, and we believe that this numerical surface dissipation is a good substitute for the missing physical dissipation acting on the interface. We then present numerical simulation of Haas-Sturtevant's two shock-bubble interaction experiments [J.F. Haas, B. Sturtevant, Interaction of weak shock waves with cylindrical and spherical gas inhomogeneities, J. Fluid Mech. 181 (1987) 41-76] using this method. Our numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental and other numerical results in the early times of the flow. Moreover, our numerical results are also in good agreement with the experimental results in the later times of the flow and give clear pictures of the bubble deformation then, which show that the right boundaries of the bubble behave just as Rychtmyer-Meshkov instabilities with the shock coming from either heavy or light gases.

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the integrated urban housing development program on poverty alleviation using household’s consumption expenditure as a proxy. For this, primary household level data were collected from 240 randomly selected households, 120 from participants while 120 from non-participants, during the 2011 fiscal year, in Adama city of the Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Using a propensity score matching model, the difference in total consumption expenditure between households who participate and those who do not were evaluated. Besides, the poverty incidence curve and rank in distribution differences was also tested using poverty incidence curve by stochastic dominance. Accordingly, the poverty incidence curve of participant households, at every point, lie below the curve of the non-participants indicating participants were less poor than non-participants. The empirical result of the matching showed that participant households in the integrated urban housing development program have significantly higher consumption expenditure per adult equivalent than the non-participant households. Among the factors assumed to affect the participation of the households in the program, formal years of schooling, work status, birth place and asset ownership have a positive and significant effect. While, sex of the household and prior job, being student and self-employed, have a negative and significant effect. This implies that, empowering women and giving more technical training will induce their participation in the housing development program and hence on household poverty alleviation.

Many systemic disorders present with orthopedic manifestations. A 40 year old male patient was brought in with pain and inability to move his left arm after he regained consciousness. The patient is a known case of Epilepsy since 2 years and had two episodes of seizure like activity and not on any medication. The diagnosis was fracture posterior dislocation of left shoulder following Grand mal Epilepsy. It was a 3 part fracture dislocation of left shoulder emergency closed reduction and 5 percutaneous K wires fixation was done under general anaesthe sia and universal shoulder immobilizer was applied to immobilize the left shoulder in flexion, adduction and internal rotation. Treatment for epilepsy was continued. After four weeks K wires were removed. With physiotherapy, patient regained full range of movements by 8 weeks. We conclude, that a fracture posterior dislocation of left shoulder as a presenting feature should arouse us to evaluate the cause, in our case it was convulsion. Closed reduction and internal fixation with percutaneous k - wires reduces infection rate and hospital stay. Patient recovered well without any complications

Beekeeping is a long-standing practice in the rural communities of Ethiopia and appears as ancient history of the country. A cross sectional study, in which 97 households were purposively included, was conducted in Haramaya district to assess the current beekeeping practices, production potentials and production constraints. Most (99%) of the beekeepers in the study area have owned only traditional hives and produce honey for home consumption. The beekeeping practice was dominated by male. A mild stimulant, Kate edulis (khat), is the main income source for the residents. Lack of adequate bee forages, poor market, lack of trained development agents and bee pests are the major problems facing the beekeeping sub sector in the area. The most important constraints of beekeeping in the study area were insecticides, birds and bee diseases (1st), Misuse of pesticides (2nd), Insecticides, birds and pesticides together (3rd), Pests, insecticides and predators (4th), lack of training (5th), shortage of bee forage (6th), shortage of water (7th) and absconding (8th). There are enormous opportunities to boost the production of honey in the villages. Thus, introducing modern beehives, limiting the use of pesticides in 'khat' production and awareness creation and assistance to empower women in the beekeeping activity are needed interventions.

Applied industrial engineering is concerned with imparting employable skills to improve the productivity for current situation of products and services. The purpose of this case study is to present the results of an initial research study conducted to identify the desired professional characteristics of an industrial engineer with an undergraduate degree and the emerging topic areas that should be incorporated into the curriculum to prepare industrial engineering (IE) graduates for the future workforce. Conclusions and recommendations for applied industrial engineering syllabus have been gathered and reported below. A two-pronged approach was taken which included a method of benchmarking by comparing the applied industrial engineering curricula of various universities and an industry survey to identify job market requirements. This methodology produced an analysis of the changing nature of industrial engineering from learning to practical education. A curriculum study for engineering is a relatively unexplored area of research in the Middle East, much less for applied industrial engineering. This work is an effort to bridge the gap between theoretical study in the classroom and the real world work applications in the industrial and service sectors., {"references":["Parashara, A.K. and Parasharb, R., \"Innovations and Curriculum\nDevelopment for Engineering Education and Research in India,\"\nProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 56: 685 – 690, 2012.","Burli, S., Bagodi, V. and Kotturshettar, B. \"TQM dimensions and their\ninterrelationships in ISO certified engineering institutes of India\nInternational,\" Benchmarking: An International Journal Vol. 19 No. 2,\n177:192, 2012.","Idris,A.and Rajuddin.M., \"The Trend of Engineering Education in\nNigerian Tertiary Institutions of Learning towards Achieving\nTechnological Development,\" Procedia - Social and Behavioral\nSciences 56, 730:736, 2012.","Nurdin, M., \"Center of Technology (COT) for Industrial Product\nDevelopment through Collaboration and Partnership in Polytechnic\nEducation,\" Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 52, 207:216,\n2012.","Sansom, C. and Shore, P. \"Case study: meeting the demand for skilled\nprecision engineers,\" Education + Training Vol. 50 No. 6. 516:529,\n2008.","Goggins, J., \"Engineering in communities: learning by doing,\"\nCampus-Wide Information Systems Vol. 29 No. 4, 238:250, 2012.","Byrne, E.P. \"Teaching engineering ethics with sustainability as\ncontext,\" International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education\nVol. 13 No. 3, 232:248, 2012.","Sahney, S. \"Designing quality for the higher educational system A case\nstudy of select engineering and management institutions in India,\"\nAsian Journal on Quality Vol. 13 No. 2. 116:137, 2012.","Mulder, K.F., Segala`s, J. and Balas, D.F. \"How to educate engineers\nfor/in sustainable development Ten years of discussion, remaining\nchallenges,\" International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education\nVol. 13 No. 3, 211:218, 2012.\n[10] Treanor, L. \"Entrepreneurship education: exploring the gender\ndimension,\" International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship Vol.\n4 No. 2, 206:210, 2012.\n[11] Lyons, R. K. \"Curriculum reform: getting more macro, and more\nmicros,\" Journal of Management Development. 31(4), 412-423, 2012.\n[12] Magnoni, D. et al.. \"Creating a materials samples collection to support\nthe engineering curriculum,\" Journal of Management Development,\nLibrary Management. 33(8/9), 511-524., 2012.\n[13] Thomson a, P. et al. \"Creativity and cross-curriculum strategies in\nEngland: Tales of doing, forgetting and not knowing,\" International\nJournal of Educational Research, 55, 6–15., 2012)\n[14] Michael Hill, a Kyle Boone, b Rajib Anwar et al. \" The Future of\nChemical Engineering Design: Impact of Faculty Makeup and\nIndustrial Needs,\" Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on\nFoundations of Computer-Aided Process Design – FOCAPD 2014 July\n13-17, 2014,\n[15] Ünal, Y.Z, Uysal, Ö., \"A new mixed integer programming model for\ncurriculum balancing: Application to a Turkish university,\" European\nJournal of Operational Research 238 -339–, 2014."]}