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Canine pathologies refer to the various diseases, disorders, and abnormalities that can affect a dog’s different body systems and cause mortality. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the common pathologies that are associated with the mortality of dogs in Ilorin, Kwara State. A retrospective review of post-mortem records from 7 years was undertaken at a necropsy unit of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin. Data collected included age, sex, breed, disease pathogens, and year. A total of 150 dog carcasses were presented for necropsy during the period between January 2016 and December 2022. In this study, the cases used were confirmed based on PCR results in some cases, bacterial culture and isolation, parasite identification, gross lesions, and histopathological findings in other cases. Descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate the effect of disease pathogens on age, sex, and breed distribution patterns associated with the mortality of dogs. The prevalence of viral infection among other diseases was statistically significant (34.00%; OR = 0.53; P

Due to complex nature of metabolic pathways, E. coli metabolic model kinetic parameters are difficult to detect experimentally. Thus, obtaining accurate kinetic data for all reactions in an E. coli metabolic model is a technically-challenging process. So, Garra Rufa-inspired Optimization (GRO) Algorithm is applied to the primary metabolic network of E. coli as a model to estimate small-scale kinetic parameters and increase the kinetic accuracy. Also, the Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) is used to represent the glycolysis, phosphotransferase system, pentose phosphate, the TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis, glyoxylate, and acetate production pathways of Escherichia coli in the metabolic network. Based on the behavior of the Garra Rufa fish, a route is modelled in which particles are sorted into groups and each group is guided by the best value. In addition, the fitness of the group leaders determines whether or not these particles are able to switch groups. In this study, experimental data was used to estimate seven kinetic parameters. However, the numerical results of The Relative Error (RE) and the Mean Error (ME) reveal that the observed and anticipated data are in line with the results. As a result of this new method, it was discovered that small-scale and even whole-cell dynamic models can be estimated accurately.

This study was conducted to determine the pathological findings and molecular investigation of bacteria flora associated with the lesions in the lungs and livers of goats slaughtered for public consumption at the Ilorin, abattoir. A total of 450 samples (240 lungs and 210 livers) were collected and examined from goats slaughtered at the Ipata slaughterhouse in Ilorin, Kwara State. Of this number, 58 (24.17%; 95% CI = 19.19–29.96) lungs and 17 (8.10%; 95% CI = 5.17–12.58) livers revealed gross and microscopic pathological lesions as a result of bacterial pathogens. Based on gross examination, lung lesions were categorized into bronchopneumonia (27.59%), congestion (22.41%), interstitial pneumonia (17.24%), hemorrhages (13.77%), emphysematous (10.34%), and hyperemia (8.62%). In the liver, hepatic congestion 8 (47.06%) was the most observed gross lesion. Others included hepatic enlargement (29.41), hepatic fibrosis (17.65%), and hepatic abscess (5.88%). The molecular investigation revealed lung pathological lesions were as a result of Klebsiella species (51.72%) and Bacillus species (48.28%), while Escherichia species (52.94%) and Salmonella species (47.06%) were detected in the liver. The molecular analysis showed that the bacteria organisms detected in this study did not fully cluster with similar species from other parts of the world. The infection caused by these bacteria showed histopathological lesions in the lungs and livers. There is need for more studies to further characterize these bacteria species detected from Red Sokoto breeds of goats in-depth.

Abstract Background and Aims This study aimed to understand the relationship between body mass index (BMI), diabetes and hypertension history, and other risk of hypertension among Ghanaians. Methods The BMI data are categorized according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. The data were obtained from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (WHO SAGE) Ghana Wave 2. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, and the association between these variables and hypertension was assessed using the χ². Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between hypertension and different BMI levels and other variables. Results Obesity class II individuals have about a 4‐fold higher risk of developing hypertension compared to underweight individuals. Obesity class III, class I, and preobesity individuals have approximately a 3‐fold higher risk. Normal weight is associated with increased hypertension risk. Both males and females show a significant increase in hypertension risk across all BMI categories. History of hypertension is linked to a 2.2‐fold increased risk. Diabetes history is associated with hypertension when considering other factors. Elevated hypertension risk is observed among married, divorced, and widowed males then never married males. Only widowed females showed an increased risk. Older age significantly increases hypertension risk, particularly in females. Vegetable servings reduce hypertension risk, while fruit servings are associated with an increased risk. Vigorous exercise increases hypertension risk, particularly in females. Conclusion Regular check‐ups are recommended for married, divorced, and widowed males, focusing on blood pressure (BP) levels. Regular exercise from young age helps lower BP in later years. Individuals with a history of hypertension should follow BP control measures. Encouraging the consumption of the right combination of vegetables and fruits can help lower BP. Female tobacco smoking should be strongly discouraged due to a 54% increased risk of developing hypertension.

Rationale: Noma and necrotizing fasciitis are rapidly destructive gangrenous infections with different patterns of spread. This study aimed to present a case of concurrently occurring noma and necrotizing fascitis in a 3-year-old child. Patient Concern: A 3-year-old child with a low socioeconomic background presented with a main complaint of a painful wound on the gum, upper lip, and chest region. Diagnosis: Thorough history and examination revealed simultaneously occurring noma lesion extending from the inner labial mucosa to the upper lip and NF on the chest region on background anemia and malnutrition. Intervention: The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics, serial wound debridement, and supportive therapy. Outcome: The length of hospital stay was 6 weeks and there was uneventful healing. The patient is being followed up for complete resolution. Lessons: In this study, noma and NF were found to occur concurrently in a patient with malnutrition and anemia and Klebsiella species were the isolates in both wounds and could have been the common causative agent for both.

The objective of this study was to assess the placental location in women with a previous cesarean section (CS) using ultrasonography and the impact of cesarean section (CS) on placenta location. Methods and Results: This case-control study included 205 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancies (83 women with previous CS [case group] and 122 without previous CS [control group]). The study was conducted at three general hospitals in Khartoum State from August to November 2019. The women were investigated using a Mindary ultrasound machine DP_2200 equipped with 3.5MHz transducers. The anterior placenta location was more prevalent than others: 43.3% and 45.9% for cases and control, respectively. The incidence of placenta previa (PP) and the low-lying placenta (LLP) was 1.2% and 3.6%, respectively, in the case group, and 0.0 and 0.8%, respectively, in the control group. Women with a previous CS were at high risk of the LLP and PP (OR=6.12). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the most common sites of the placenta in women with a previous CS were anterior and posterior locations. The study also concluded that women with a previous history of CS are at high risk for LLP and PP.

Traumatic ventriculitis or hardware disease is the gizzard perforation by sharp foreign bodies (metallic or sharp object) that leads to ulcerative lesions.The present Case Report was to investigate through post mortem examination the cause of African ostrich death. Necropsy was conducted on a dead male adult African Ostrich presented to the postmortem unit of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. The gross lesions showed multifocal ecchymotic and petechial haemorrhages and lacerations on the left shank and thigh as well as the cloaca and vent of the bird. A perforation of the proventriculus with adhesion of a pointed nail-like metallic sharp object of 9.4 cm in length was observed. Histopathological findings revealed obliteration of tubular and vascular congestion which predisposed the animal to metabolic disorder.

The rapid advancement of networking, computing, sensing, and control systems has introduced a wide range of cyber threats, including those from new devices deployed during the development of scenarios. With recent advancements in automobiles, medical devices, smart industrial systems, and other technologies, system failures resulting from external attacks or internal process malfunctions are increasingly common. Restoring the system’s stable state requires autonomous intervention through the self-healing process to maintain service quality. This paper, therefore, aims to analyse state of the art and identify where self-healing using machine learning can be applied to cyber–physical systems to enhance security and prevent failures within the system. The paper describes three key components of self-healing functionality in computer systems: anomaly detection, fault alert, and fault auto-remediation. The significance of these components is that self-healing functionality cannot be practical without considering all three. Understanding the self-healing theories that form the guiding principles for implementing these functionalities with real-life implications is crucial. There are strong indications that self-healing functionality in the cyber–physical system is an emerging area of research that holds great promise for the future of computing technology. It has the potential to provide seamless self-organising and self-restoration functionality to cyber–physical systems, leading to increased security of systems and improved user experience. For instance, a functional self-healing system implemented on a power grid will react autonomously when a threat or fault occurs, without requiring human intervention to restore power to communities and preserve critical services after power outages or defects. This paper presents the existing vulnerabilities, threats, and challenges and critically analyses the current self-healing theories and methods that use machine learning for cyber–physical systems.

The widespread use of technology has made communication technology an indispensable part of daily life. However, the present cloud infrastructure is insufficient to meet the industry’s growing demands, and multi-access edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a solution by providing real-time computation closer to the data source. Effective management of MEC is essential for providing high-quality services, and proactive self-healing is a promising approach that anticipates and executes remedial operations before faults occur. This paper aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesize studies related to proactive self-healing approaches in MEC environments. The authors conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using four well-known digital libraries (IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus) and one academic search engine (Google Scholar). The review retrieved 920 papers, and 116 primary studies were selected for in-depth analysis. The SLR results are categorized into edge resource management methods and self-healing methods and approaches in MEC. The paper highlights the challenges and open issues in MEC, such as offloading task decisions, resource allocation, and security issues, such as infrastructure and cyber attacks. Finally, the paper suggests future work based on the SLR findings.

This paper seeks to understand the significance of the story of Moses and Khidr PBUH to develop character-building, whose actions seemed to contradict the teachings of Sharia. As one of the most prominent accounts in Islamic tradition, the long journey of Moses for receiving knowledge meets an end by encountering Khidr, an acquaintance with unique personalities who later becomes his mentor. As literary research on the Quranic tales, the discussion adopts inductive-analytical methods to describe the semantic and rhetorical aspects contained from Moses and Khidr’s relationship. Those aspects are further analyzed to instill noble virtues thoroughly. By contemplating Khidr’s confrontation toward Moses, the acts contain good reasons despite their figurative meanings may be misinterpreted as a call for evil deeds against weaklings. The results commemorate the significance of contemplation and patience and reemphasize that none shall rushing adjudicate the occurring issues because there may be wisdom in something incomprehensible. Learning from the story of Moses and Khidr, this article argues that decision-makers should incorporate with the people, and whoever takes distance from its people is incapable of solving problems.

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to assess the relationship between coffee intake, obstructive sleep apnea risk (OSA), and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus. Results There were 110 patients with diabetes and 96 healthy control subjects (matched for age and sex) attending a diabetes center زinTabuk, Saudi Arabia during the period from June 2018–October 2019. Stop-Bang questionnaire was used to assess OSA risk, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale to investigate daytime sleepiness. OSA risk and daytime sleepiness were higher among patients with diabetes compared to controls (4.34 ± 1.61 vs. 2.86 ± 1.24, and 8.31 ± 4.40 vs. 6.39 ± 3.70 respectively, P 0.05). Women with diabetes were younger with short duration since the diagnosis of diabetes and consumed less coffee compared to men, P

The purpose of this study was to investigate on the postharvest physicochemical properties of Annona squamosa fruits. Changes in physicochemical parameters during ambient storage of the fruits for 9 days were determined. The fruits seeds’ chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of the seeds oil were also studied. Results indicate that the seeds contain higher amounts of protein (18.34%) and oil (30.41%) than the fruit pulp. Levels of K, P and Mg are higher in the fruits and levels of Ca, Na, Cu, Zn and Fe are higher in the seeds. Moisture content, total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose, titratable acidity and total soluble solids of the fruits increased significantly (p

The article attempts to consider the book by A. Bitov “Travel from Russia” as a fictional purpose and the “journey” feature as a genre of fiction. At the same time, the features of similarities and differences, the “creative evolution” in the writer’s stories, which reflect the author’s reflection on the spaces of the former Soviet Empire and its social connections, are considered. Constant study of the cultures of other nations helps the writer to create an overall artistic picture. As a result, the journey becomes for A. Bitov the process of existence (ontological principle).

Kissra, is traditionally prepared by fermenting sorghum seed flour and then baking it into bread sheets. In this study, bambara groundnut seed flour (BGF) was incorporated at 10%, 20% and 30% into kissra bread. Chemical composition, in vitro protein digestibility, protein quality, fatty acids and DPPH radical scavenging activity of fortified kissra were studied and compared with sorghum-based kissra (control). Protein, fat and energy of the control steadily increased (P

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe the isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of isolated compounds from Tarconanthus camphorantus.Materials and Methods: Bioactive compounds such as trifloculoside, parthenolide (sesquiterpene lactones), lupeol, and erythrodiol (pentacyclic triterpens) were isolated from n-hexane extract of T. camphoratus, and their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium smegmatis was evaluated. The compounds were characterized using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Results: Trifloculoside, lupeol, and erythrodiol are being reported for the first time from T. camphoratus. The isolated compounds sesquiterpens and lupeol exhibited prodigious antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range of 25–1000 µg/mL but no activity was observed against other tested organisms, and erythrodiol showed no antimicrobial activity against any of the tested organisms. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the new compounds trifloculoside, parthenolide, and lupeol isolated from T. camphoratus exhibited effective antimicrobial potential. It was inferred that T. camphoratus can be effectively used in traditional medicine.

Introduction. Simultaneous bilateral fractures of the femoral neck are considered very rare injuries. Few cases were reported in the literature. Most cases were reported in elderly patients with underlying bone pathology. Case Report. We report a case of a 31-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department with bilateral hip pain and inability to bear weight after a sudden loss of consciousness and fall while running on a treadmill. The patient had a recent history of anabolic steroids, growth hormone, and other supplements used for bodybuilding. Radiological studies confirmed bilateral neck of femur fracture. Laboratory investigations revealed pan-pituitary axis insufficiency and mild vitamin D deficiency, and his EEG suggested a seizure attack. The patient was treated with three 6.5 mm cannulated cancellous screws on one side and a sliding hip screw on the other side and was followed with strict physical therapy and rehabilitation plan. 6 months from the injury, a radiographic bilateral union achieved with the patient back to his normal daily activity and noncontact sports. Conclusion. We report this rare case of bilateral neck of femur fracture in a young adult after a generalized seizure attack with underlying metabolic disturbances. Ruling out other biological underlying etiologies, early diagnosis and early fracture anatomic reduction and fixation are crucial to decrease potential complications such as avascular necrosis and fracture nonunion.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) feed supplementation on serum biochemical parameters of broilers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Materials and methods: Two hundred and forty day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 60 chicks each and raised in deep litter housing. Broiler starter (BS) and broiler finisher (BF) mash were formulated each with 5% MOL included as part of the feed ingredient for broilers in groups A and B while BS and BF for broilers in groups C and D were formulated without MOL. Broilers in groups A, B and C were challenged intraocularly at 35 days of age with with 0.05 mL of a live vvIBDV, while those in group D served as control. Blood was collected from 10 broilers in each group via the wing vein at 35, 38 and 42 days of age to determine their serum biochemical profile. Results: The level of melondialdehyde (MDA) was observed to significantly decrease in groups A and C. There was a significant decrease in the level of AST in group A, B, C and D. The values of ALT significantly decreased in group A, B, C and D. Conclusion: Supplementing broilers feed with MOL neither protect the liver from damage nor prevent lipid peroxidation. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 155-165]

Kinetic parameter identification in the dynamic metabolic model of Escherichia coli (E. coli) has become important and is needed to obtain appropriate metabolite and enzyme data that are valid under in vivo conditions. The dynamic metabolic model under study represents five metabolic pathways with more than 170 kinetic parameters at steady state with a 0.1 dilution rate. In this paper, identification is declared in two steps. The first step is to identify which kinetic parameters have a higher impact on the model response using local sensitivity analysis results upon increasing each kinetic parameter up to 2.0 by steps of 0.5, while the second step uses highly sensitive kinetic results to be identified and minimized the model simulation metabolite errors using real experimental data by adopting. However, this paper focuses on adopting segment particle swarm optimization (PSO) and PSO algorithms for large-scale kinetic parameters identification. Among the 170 kinetic parameters investigated, seven kinetic parameters were found to be the most effective kinetic parameters in the model response after finalizing the sensitivity. The seven sensitive kinetic parameters were used in both the algorithms to minimize the model response errors. The validation results proved the effectiveness of both the proposed methods, which identified the kinetics and minimized the model response errors perfectly.

Objective: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by members of the genus Brucella. It causes economic loss and ill health among animals and humans. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle particularly in White Fulani breed of cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 120 blood samples were collected randomly from the cattle in Kwara State of Nigeria. Sera were separated from the blood samples. The serum was used for the identification of antibodies against Brucella present in it. Three screening tests namely Bovine Brucella Antibody Test (BBAT; ImmunoCombR), Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) were used for the identification purpose. Results: Based on BBAT, 13.3% (n=16/120) cattle were positive for brucellosis. Similary, 14.2% (n=17/120) and 3.3% (n=4/120 cattle were found to be positive for RBPT and SAT, respectively. The affected cattle were mainly of White Fulani breed with few cross-bred. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that brucella antibody is circulating in cattle examined in the study area. This calls for urgent public health intervention and routine screening of other domestic animals as well. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(2.000): 222-226]

Background: There is an increasing awareness of the perceived stress and approach to learning effects on academic achievement. Objective: This study aimed to assess the educational environment and approach to learning in clinical phase medical students. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among fifty-nine clinical stage medical students at Omdurman Islamic University (Khartoum, Sudan) during the period from June to August 2016. All the participants signed a written informed consent, then responded to a structured questionnaire to collect demographic data, the two process study questionnaires and the perceived stress questionnaire. The ethical committee of Omdurman Islamic University approved the research, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to compare the students based on sex, class, and their grades. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22, using descriptive statistics and t-test. Results: There were fifty-nine medical students, of whom 41.5% were males with a mean age of 22.62±1.84 years. Stress was evident in the majority of medical students (88.1%). The students are using the deep approach to learning more than the superficial approach (The total score was 29.49±6.39 for the deep approach, while it was 20.81±6.94 for the superficial approach). In the current study, no differences were found regarding sex, class, or grades apart from the superficial approach which was used less among women. Conclusion: The perceived stress was prevalent among medical students in Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan, the students used the deep approach to learning more than the superficial, no differences were evident in the perceived stress and the learning approach in relation to sex, class level or grades apart from less superficial approach among women.

Aim: This study aimed at determining the serotypes, antimicrobial profiles, and public health importance of Salmonella strains from camels slaughtered at Maiduguri central abattoir, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Two hundred samples were obtained from camel comprising of intestines, feces, liver, and spleen (n=50 each). Non-lactose fermenting dark center Salmonella colonies were identified using standard biochemical techniques, serotyped and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using minimum inhibition concentration method. Results: Out of the 200 samples collected, 17 were Salmonella positive (spleen=7, intestine=6, feces=3, and liver=1) with a prevalence of 8.5%. Five serotypes comprising Salmonella Eko, 7 (3.5%), Salmonella Uganda, 4 (2.0%), Salmonella Amager, 2 (1.0%), Salmonella Westhampton, 2 (1.0%), and Salmonella Give, 2 (1.0%) were incriminated. Majority of the serotypes were sensitive to the antimicrobials, but one Salmonella Amager exhibited resistance to streptomycin, and one each of Salmonella Uganda and Salmonella Eko were resistant to sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: This study revealed the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance profile of newly emerging Salmonella from camels in the northeast of Nigeria, which can serve as a means for the transmission of Salmonella to human. Therefore, there is a need for the establishment of national Salmonella surveillance and control programs.

To improve the management of operation system for the Roseires reservoir it is necessary to know the hydrological system of the Blue Nile river, which is the main water source of the reservoir. In this work, a Modified Thomas Fiering model for generating and forecasting monthly flow is used. The methodological procedure is applied on the data obtained at the gauging station of Eldeim in Blue Nile, Sudan. The study uses the monthly flows data for years 1965 to 2009. After estimation the model parameters, the synthetic time series of monthly flows are simulated. The results revealed that the model maintained most of the basic statistical descriptive parameters of historical data. Also, the Modified Thomas Fiering model is applied to predict the values of the next fifty-five years, with excellent results that conserved most basic statistical characteristics of runoff historical series. The Modified Thomas Fiering model is able to realistically reconstruct and predict the annual data and shows promising statistical indices.