Search

This study investigates the translation strategies used in translating 25 cultural references and expressions in Mourid Barghouty’s autobiography ‘I Was Born There, I Was Born Here’ (2009) from Arabic into English. The results of this research may assist the trainee translators to improve their understanding of the effect of culture on the quality of the translation. The researchers adopt two theoretical models: Venuti’s domestication and foreignization (1998) and Ivir’s (1987) procedures for the translation of cultural references. This study tries to find out to what extent the translation has accounted to render the original cultural bound expressions maintaining their meaning in the target language. The researchers adopt a qualitative research since the data analysis is based on analytical and descriptive approaches. After analyzing the selected data, the researchers find out that the domestication strategy has been the most frequently-used strategy at (52%), and foreignization comes second at (48%). The procedure of substitution has been used the most (seven times), followed by literal translation and borrowing with the same number of times (six times), then defining the elements of culture (four times), then omission (twice). Lexical creation and addition have not been used at all. The findings also show that the translator has managed to capture the intended meaning sought by the original author in most extracts. The researchers recommend that translators of culture-bound expressions should be aware of the two involved cultures. This helps them to determine the cultural context in which a text takes place, so they can achieve the closest equivalents in the target text.

تهدف الدراسة الى تحديد استراتيجيتي التقريب التغريب التي استخدمها كل من طلال عيتاني وعبد الله علي في ترجمتهم لخمسين مصطلح ثقافي من سورة النساء في القران الكريم بهدف تحديد ما ان كانت الترجمتين تميلان الى ترجمة التقريب أو ترجمة التغريب. وتحاول الدراسة أيضا معرفة مدى تحقق التكافؤ الثقافي في ترجمة هذه المصطلحات الخمسين. لهذا السبب اتبعت الباحثة منهجية تحليل النصوص المقارن لترجمتي عيتاني وعلي استنادا إلى استراتيجيات ايفر في ترجمة المصطلحات الثقافية (1987). أظهرت نتاج الدراسة أن المترجمين عيتاني وعلي اعتمدوا على استراتيجية التقريب أكثر من اعتمادهم على استراتيجية التغريب في ترجمتهم للمصطلحات الخمسين. بالإضافة إلى أن عيتاني حقق التكافؤ الثقافي بنسبة 53% بينما حقق علي التكافؤ الثقافي بنسبة 47%. وأظهرت الدراسة أيضا أن استراتيجية ترجمة التغريب حققت التكافؤ الثقافي أكثر من استراتيجية ترجمة التقريب. أوصت الباحثة في نهاية الدراسة أن مترجمي النصوص الدينية وخاصة القرآن الكريم يجب أن يكونوا على دراية كاملة باللغة المجازية والضمنية للقرآن الكريم إلى جانب علمهم المستفيض باللغة العربية الكلاسيكية التي هي لغة القرآن الكريم, وأوصت بتحديد الجمهور المترجم إليه لأن ذلك من شأنه أن يحدد الاستراتيجيات التي ينبغي استخدامها من قبل المترجمين. أيضا أوصت الباحثة, بناء على نتائج الدراسة, الباحثين بعمل دراسات وأبحاث تناقش التكافؤ في ترجمة القرآن الكريم لأن أي فقدان في المعنى أو التكافؤ في ترجمة القرآن يمكن أن يؤدي إلى نتائج وخيمة.

In this paper, a backup protection scheme is presented. The proposed scheme uses the concept of a cognitive radio-based wireless sensor network to implement a protection scheme without the need for conventional electric wires and/or optical fiber between current and voltage transducers, control panels, and circuit breakers. The proposed scheme uses unlicensed spectrum channels by applying spectrum sensing and frequency allocation algorithms that are used in cognitive radio based systems. The importance of the proposed scheme comes from its cost effectiveness compared to the Ethernet communication both wired and wireless if the data transfer and message exchange is done using cognitive radio_based communication for relatively long distances. The proposed scheme utilizes cognitive radio-based communication network to convey analog and digital signals within a substation. In this way, it saves the cost of the copper wires and/or optical fiber that would be used to transmit digital and analog signals. Further, it does not require the expensive spectrum licenses that would have been purchased if Ethernet long-distance wireless communications are utilized. To assess the benefits/challenges related to the application of cognitive radio_based communication, a detailed and realistic modeling of both power systems and cognitive radio_based communication systems is performed simultaneously. The proposed scheme is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and performance of the proposed scheme was investigated under different communication scenarios.

The unpredictable magnitude and phase angle of PV-integrated microgrids (PV-MGs) makes overcurrent protection highly unreliable. This paper investigates distance protection as an alternative to overcurrent protection for fault detection and allocation in PV-MGs through PSCAD simulations. The MG is integrated with distributed photovoltaic and synchronous generators (PVDGs) and (SDGs). Several case studies of solid and non-solid three-phase, line to line and line to ground faults on an MG feeder are examined. The paper investigates the fault behavior of both PVDGs and SDGs with respect to distance protection. The effect of altering the grid-support settings of the PV inverter (PVI) on the performance of the distance relay is also studied.

The fault current in a PV-integrated microgrid (PV-MG) has a relatively low value and an unpredictable phase angle, making current-measurement based fault detection techniques highly unreliable. This paper investigates the ability of conventional distance protection to detect and allocate balanced (LLL-G) faults on MG feeders emanating a PV inverter (PVI). Different PVI grid-support settings are investigated. PSCAD simulations show that conventional distance protection can reliably detect solid LLL-G faults on feeders emanating from PVIs. In the case of non-solid faults, however, conventional distance relays fail due to the unpredictable phase angle between the PVI fault current and the grid fault current infeed. Subsequently, the study proposes a novel high-frequency current injection (HFCI) distance protection scheme capable of accurately detecting faults regardless of fault resistance. PSCAD simulations prove the speed and reliability of the proposed HFCI distance scheme in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation for both solid and non-solid faults.

In this paper, the Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) is proposed to estimate the optimal parameters of a hybrid active power filter (HAPF). Mathematical modeling of an industrial plant with linear and nonlinear loads combined with HAPF is developed. Four cases of study have been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software to evaluate the effective performance of the HSA in obtaining the optimal parameters under clean and distorted voltage source environment. The performance of the proposed HSA is assessed in terms of the voltage and current total harmonic distortion indices (VTHD) and ITHD, respectively. The performance of the proposed HSA is compared with that of the Fortran Feasible Sequential Quadratic Programing (FFSQP) and L-SHADE optimization algorithms. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed HSA has superseded the performance of the previous mentioned algorithms.

This study aims at investigating the impact of ideology on rendering highly sensitive news items with special examination of the visibility of the Palestinian translator. It shows how ideology controls speech and how the translator should use certain jargons in his translation as a weapon of resistance to refute the superiority implied in the occupier's discourse. The study also investigates whether Palestinian translators would counter ‘interpellation’ as a strategy of resistance through translation. For this purpose, 30 participants of translation students at the English Language department at IUG were tested. The test consisted of 10 sentences incorporating 12 highly sensitive terms . Another data collection method was a questionnaire administered to 11 male MA translation students. The questionnaire included 13 statements that tackle the issues of visibility, ideology, and neutrality in translation. The participants showed a highly emotive and ideological tendency in translating such terms. The researchers then ended up with some recommendations for researchers, translators, and syllabus designers. يسلط البحث حول مشكلة رئيسة هامة فى الترجمة وهى أثر الأيديولوجيا في الترجمة والاستراتيجيات التي يوظفها المترجمون الفلسطينيون عند ترجمة الأخبار الصحفية الإسرائيلية وما إذا كانت المعاني التي تحملها الأخبار الصحفية الاسرائيلية التي تحتوي على مضامين أيديولوجية بقيت كما هي أم تغيرت بفعل الخلفيات الثقافية والأيديولوجية للمترجمين لكي يصلوا بالنص المترجم إلى ما يتوقع القارئ إيجاده.

Background Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are preventable hazards that can be avoided with appropriate staff training and safety systems. We assessed the prevalence and awareness of NSIs among health-care workers and cleaners in hospitals in Gaza. Methods We did a cross-sectional study in four hospitals from July 14 to Oct 25, 2018. All cleaners and health-care workers were eligible to participate. Data were gathered via a survey tool designed for the study that covered sociodemographic data, NSI prevalence, and response to possible injuries. The primary outcomes were prevalence and staff awareness of NSIs. Findings 538 staff participated in the survey, among whom the mean age was 28.9 (SD 7.71) years, 331 (62%) were men, 119 (22%) were doctors, 262 (49%) were nurses, 72 (13%) were medical students, and 85 (16%) were cleaners. 289 participants (54%) had had at least one NSI: 59 doctors (50% of all doctors), 142 nurses (54%), 32 students (44%), and 56 cleaners (66%). NSIs were obtained during various activities, including 168 incidents (40%) during drug administration, 82 (20%) while recapping needles, 78 (19%) during wound suturing, 63 (15%) while cleaning, and 27 (6%) during arterial blood gas sampling. Only 94 (33%) of 289 participants with NSIs reported their injuries. Among the 195 (67%) participants who did not report NSIs, 41 (21%) did not know that they should do so, 65 (33%) did not know how to report, 62 (32%) believed that reporting was useless, and 27 (14%) forgot to report. Interpretation More than half the participants had had NSIs, but reporting of injuries was low. The Ministry of Health should provide targeted interventions and training to improve risk awareness and understanding of the importance of reporting for health-care employees. The strengths of this study are the large sample size and recruitment from diverse professional backgrounds. The main limitation was the lack of validation of the study instrument. Funding None.

Village or community microgrids are being encouraged to improve resiliency against unexpected events. They also improve energy efficiency and reliability of power delivery to critical loads. However, many protection challenges exist in making the shift away from conventional distribution systems. In this paper, a multilayered protection strategy is presented for developing a community microgrid in a village within the 69-bus distribution system. The proposed strategy is verified by simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink against various fault conditions. A comparison between the proposed strategy and existing distribution protection schemes is also provided.

This paper presents protection strategies for a medium-voltage dc (MVDC) microgrid at a remote area mine site. The microgrid is operated to provide high power quality and reliability to sensitive loads and to improve the energy efficiency of the mining equipment. In the MVDC microgrid, various local distributed energy resources have been used, including photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, a fuel-cell stack, an energy storage system, and mobile diesel generators. For the protection of transmission lines, a communication-based differential protection scheme with solid-state electronic relays is employed to isolate the faulted part of the MVDC microgrid. This is further reinforced by dc overcurrent protection as a backup. Earlier research work had neglected the backup protection for dc systems. In addition, communication-based dc directional overcurrent protective relays are used for both source protection and load protection to support a bidirectional power flow. MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulation results are presented and discussed to illustrate the proposed system's dependability and security.

In this paper, the fault characteristics of different types of wind generators have been investigated. Three types of wind generators, namely Types 1, 3, and 4, along with a microgrid are simulated in both islanded and grid-connected modes using MATLAB/Simulink software. The fault current contribution and voltage at the PCC during the fault have been recorded for each type of the generators. The simulations results demonstrate that the characteristics of the fault current contribution of each type of wind generators vary from one type to another. The variation in fault current characteristics reveal that a careful design of the protection schemes that protect the system should be considered, and special requirements on fault ride through capabilities should be taken into account. Adequate protection techniques and schemes that suits each type of wind generator in both islanded and grid-connected modes must be proposed.

The ever growing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in a distribution network has a profound impact on the network protection and stability. Traditional protection schemes and algorithms need to be extensively investigated as more and more DGs get introduced into the network. The current version of IEEE Std 1547 does not present a comprehensive solution for fault current detection in the presence of various kinds of DGs. Power electronic inverter-based DGs are of special concern in distribution network protection as they are often incapable of providing sufficient fault current and their controllers play a principal role in the DG behavior. In this paper, the effects of voltage and current controllers for inverter-based DGs on industrial and commercial power system distribution network protection schemes are investigated. It is shown that the type of controller and its design parameters during the fault have a direct impact on fault current levels and duration. A simplified distribution network model with inverter-based DG operating under voltage and current control modes was tested to verify the effects of these controllers. This paper also proposes an adaptive relaying algorithm to detect the faults in the presence of inverter-based DGs with various types of controllers.

Malfunctioning of distance relay third zone has been identified as one of the leading factors of power system blackouts in several nations. This inconsistency in operation happens when heavy loads start encroaching the zone 3 settings. In this paper, a novel multi-agent system based methodology for power system protection coordination is proposed. Various system agents are designed to collaborate and adaptively modify the setting of distance relay zone 3 via communication with neighboring substations. The proposed coordination scheme aids in preventing fault misjudgment and possible network breakdown because of load encroachment. Furthermore, it enhances the relay selectivity and loadability. It has been tested using MATLAB ® /Simulink™ with the agent programming in Java Agent DEvelopment Framework (JADE) platform. Analysis and test results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively mitigates distance relay malfunction under load encroachment.

The main research objective of this study is to examine the impact of a suggested practical programme on improving ‘Arts of English’ seniors’ translation competences at the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) and explore their attitudes towards translation. Researchers referred to previous studies, theoretical framework and some models for classifying translation competences and subsequently developed a modified and refereed model. The results showed that ‘Arts of English’ seniors are required to have three main competences: knowledge, skills and attitudes. The researchers also prepared a programme including a handout for students, job experience, training methods and learning styles and evaluation tools. Additionally, data were collected using an assessment card with a supportive tool; self-assessment reports, and after the researchers ensured the validity and reliability of the tools the constructed programme was applied on 15 students selected randomly from the sample of the study, including 30 female students. Data collected were statistically analyzed, and the t-test independent sample and Eta square were used to measure the effect size after conducting the test of normality. After completing the programme the post assessment card results were compared with those of the pre-assessment card and there was a statistically significant improvement in the students’ performance as observed in the post assessment card. The researchers also constructed an attitude scale, and results showed that the programme had a significant impact on improving students' attitudes towards translation.

New measures for increasing energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions are being introduced by several nations to tackle the growing concerns on climate change. This paper presents optimal distributed energy resource (DER) planning for establishing microgrids. Such microgrid systems are devised for industrial sites and campus communities in the United States after evaluating location specific DER options. These are designed to maximize fuel consumption savings, besides meeting the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) requirements and state renewable energy mandates. A qualitative evaluation of various types of DERs is presented cogitating factors like cost, environment, fuel consumption, controllability, longevity and government policy. Furthermore, the method of Lagrange Multipliers is used to determine the optimal allocation of DERs for microgrids. Due consideration is given to various factors such as climatic conditions, prevailing energy resources, and environmental regulations. The planning strategy presented in this paper can be extended to other conditions with minimal adjustments.

A new framework for integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage devices, known as Flexible Distribution of EneRgy and Storage resources (FDERS), has been proposed recently. It offers the benefits of increased DER lifetime, optimal energy storage deployment, enhanced controllability and improved system robustness. This paper presents an autonomous cooperative agent based FDERS system. The pecking order or hierarchy of distributed energy and storage resources in FDERS can be varied based on the energy resource availability, response characteristics or fuel pricing of individual DERs. Such a hierarchical scheme may at first suggest a centralized control philosophy, but this paper has presented an improved and decentralized cooperative strategy with intelligent agents processing local information for delivering the larger system goals.

Current transformers (CTs) are one of the key constituents of power system instrumentation and measurement, and their failure may lead to a breakdown of the entire protection scheme. The CT replacement or repair may not be feasible every time a CT malfunctions at a remote distribution substation as rural areas generally lack adequate skilled manpower. This paper presents a multi-agent system based substation automation solution to improve the reliability of protection system during any CT failure. It employs a special function protection scheme for making quick replacements of faulted CTs associated with current differential relay (87). The proposed autonomous protection scheme has been tested on a typical American Electric Power (AEP) distribution substation using MATLABO/Simulink™ and Java Agent DEvelopment Framework (JADE).

It is well known that the control strategies of distributed energy resources (DERs) have a major influence on the protection schemes of both DERs and distribution systems. In view of that, the coordination between DER controls, DER relays, and distribution system relays is necessary to have a secure and reliable power delivery. The Flexible Distribution of EneRgy and Storage resources (FDERS) was a recently proposed framework that is extremely valuable for industrial power systems containing large and fluctuating loads as it offers several benefits, including enhanced controllability, improved system robustness, optimal energy resource deployment, and increased lifetime. It has been earlier demonstrated that FDERS can significantly extend the mean battery replacement time in industrial power systems. As FDERS makes use of adaptive DER controls, its application is found to also impact the distribution system protection schemes. In this paper, the protection of an industrial microgrid with FDERS is investigated. Several innovative relaying schemes are proposed to mitigate any adverse impact caused during the implementation of FDERS in a microgrid.

A multiband loop antenna that consists of a strip loop with two L-shaped arms connected together and designed to share the same feed and shorting points is introduced. In particular, this design can be considered to be an enhancement to the antenna presented in Chi and Wong (2007) . The proposed antenna has sufficient bandwidth which makes it suitable for Global System for Mobile (GSM) in the 900 MHz band, it also supports effectively the Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) 824–894 MHz, and the Digital Communication Systems (DCS) 1900 MHz bands with 2.5:1 VSWR. As in Alkanhal (2005) , the chip-resistor loading technique was investigated by introducing a 3 Ω resistor to the antenna instead of the shorting pin between the antenna and ground. This paper presents simulation results, detailed design, and parametric study with analytical discussion for the proposed antenna.