Search

Due to its low density, magnesium is recognized as a lighter metal and it is favorable for frequent use in industries. It is used in aerospace, biomedical, automotive, and other industrial applications. Magnesium is a promising element that is vital for reducing emissions, improving efficiency, protecting the environment, and enhancing the machine economy. This study analyzes the influence of various cutting environments and parameters on the turning operation of magnesium base alloy (AZ91D). Aluminum 9% and Zinc 1% is the main constituent of AZ91D. The machining process was accomplished using dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and nano minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) environments based on their influence on surface roughness (SR) and temperature. Under certain circumstances, it was observed that SR decreases with the increase in the cutting velocity (V c), feed rate, and depth of cut. During cutting of AZ91D in dry conditions, it is preferred to use a moderate speed. Higher temperature was recorded during dry conditions which can significantly reduce the life span of the tool. MQL and NMQL have reduced the cutting temperature by a margin of 25–40% compared to dry machining, thus improving tool life. NMQL has shown decent cooling results compared to other cooling systems.

Incorporating narrow band gap oxide semiconductors and metals into zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures broadens the range of light sensitivity to include visible wavelengths. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye was studied as a model for environmental pollution in aqueous media. This study describes the use of photodegradation catalysts, including gold (Au), ZnO, and Au–ZnO nanocomposites (prepared in ratios of 90:10 and 95:5) using the extract of Citrus medica leaves. X-ray diffraction (XRD) findings have shown that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy findings have depicted that ZnO NPs have diverse shapes, including spherical, quasi-spherical, hexagonal, and anisotropic, with some clumping. Au exhibits consistent spherical shapes and sizes with even distribution. Au–ZnO (90:10) shows quasi-spherical NPs with interconnected spherical Au, forming a porous and uneven surface. Au–ZnO (95:5) has spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) dispersed on a textured ZnO surface, with some clustering and size variation as evident from the transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. The characterization results have demonstrated the uniform distribution of Au across the ZnO lattice. Additionally, the XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. Furthermore, energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX)-mapping verified the inclusion of zinc, oxygen, and Au in the hybrid Au–ZnO nanocomposites and their effective distribution. The topological analysis revealed a rough surface for the generated nanostructures. By comparing the results of various techniques, EDX analysis using atomic and weight ratios confirmed the presence of oxygen and Au in the nanocomposite. Additionally, the surface area analysis (BET) test has reported that the adsorption and desorption of nitrogen follow a Type III isotherm. The presence of an H3-type hysteresis loop further confirms the mesoporous nature of the composites, which reports the presence of wedge-shaped pores. The Au–ZnO (90:10) nanocomposite exhibits a higher surface roughness compared to other composites. In addition, this UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has enumerated the band gaps of various nanomaterials using UV-visible spectroscopy. Moreover, the analysis has unveiled that combining ZnO with Au NPs (doping) improved the photocatalytic performance of ZnO. This improvement is attributed to the formation of additional energy levels within the ZnO band gap due to the presence of Au ions. Experimental investigation of the breakdown of RhB dye under visible light irradiation revealed superior photocatalytic activity for the Au–ZnO (90:10) nanocomposite compared to both Au–ZnO (95:5) and pure ZnO and Au counterparts. Multiple experiments confirmed the effective photodegradation and removal of RhB dye from the aqueous medium using the nanocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Under optimal conditions (1.0 g·L−1 photocatalyst, 10 ppm RhB, and pH 10), 99% photodegradation efficiency was reached within 50 min of irradiation. Investigation of reactive species revealed that the increased effectiveness of photodegradation in Au–ZnO (90:10) stems from the presence of photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals. The study also analyzed the reaction kinetics and order, and the reusability of the best photocatalyst Au–ZnO (90:10)) was confirmed through five consecutive cycles, demonstrating its sustained effectiveness in photodegradation. These findings highlight the potential of Au–ZnO (90:10) nanocomposite as a promising material for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.

In order to explore the structures, morphology, and optical features of Fe2O3 nanofilms, the successive ionic layer adsorption and reactions (SILARs) technique was utilized to deposit the nanofilms onto glassy slides at varying concentrations of the precursor. Three precursor concentrations (0.025, 0.05 and 0.075) M were used. Analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) presented the crystalline structure of the Fe2O3 thin films. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological features of the films. The results demonstrate that the surfaces of the films are nonporous and that there is a good distribution for spherical nanosize particles. The number of cycles is another important parameter that has been tested and its effect on the optical properties of prepared films was evaluated. The optical properties like optical absorption and energy gaps are affected directionally by changing the concentration and cycle numbers during the preparation. The latest objective of our study is to determine the role of precursor concentrations and deposition cycles in preparing thin films that have electronic applications such as sensors and solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the impact of several polymer matrix types, which are utilised as a capping layer around gold particles, on the optical properties. Nanocomposite materials consisting of gold and polymers such as polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were produced by a chemical reduction process. Tri sodium citrate was employed as the reducing agent. using the drop casting approach, nanocomposites based on gold were successfully put as a film on glass substrates.. An investigation was conducted to determine the influence of the polymer matrix type on the optical properties, including surface plasmon resonance, direct band gap, and indirect band gap. Furthermore, the absorption spectra of the materials that were synthesised demonstrated that the selection of the polymer that was utilised during the preparation process has a considerable impact on the location of the plasmonic absorption peak as well as the magnitude of the energy gap. Within the range of 1.9 to 2.3 electron volts (eV), the band gaps were found to be present.

Nanocomposites materials of silver (Ag) with polyethene oxide, venal polyalcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were synthesized by chemical reduction method using trisodium citrate (TSC) as a reduction agent. Silver based nanocomposites deposited as a film by dropcasting technique on (2x2 cm2) glass substrates. The effect of polymer matrix type on the optical properties (surface plasmon resonance, transmission and direct and indirect bandgap) were investigated. It was observed from the absorption spectra of the various synthesized materials that the type of polymer used in the preparation process significantly influences the location of the plasmonic absorption peak and the amount of the energy gap.

Time-dependent thermal analysis plays a pivotal role in the manufacturing industry as it greatly influences the overall performance of the final product. This study delves into transient thermal analysis of an aluminum alloy concerning both temperature and time. Employing ANSYS, a finite element-based software, an axisymmetric model is constructed. This model encompasses a mold made of sand and a pattern filled with aluminum alloy. The analysis focuses on temperatures ranging from 650 to 1050°C, examining the temperature changes in the mold and pattern after 1500 seconds, primarily due to the convection process. Parameters like heat flux and directional heat flux are also determined. Subsequently, machine learning models are utilized to interpret the data acquired from ANSYS, enabling the extension of the results to a broader temperature range of 1150 to 1550°C. This study is instrumental in facilitating the effective design of transient thermal analysis for various alloys at different temperatures.

Addressing the widespread problem of poor posture and its far-reaching health implications, our innovative solution employs advanced interdisciplinary approaches and IoT technology for real-time bad posture detection. By integrating smart sensors and wearables strategically placed to monitor body positioning continuously, our system goes beyond conventional methods. The gathered posture data undergoes analysis by processing units, incorporating advanced algorithms that draw insights from fields like biomechanics and human-computer interaction. This holistic approach not only identifies instances of poor posture with heightened accuracy but also provides immediate feedback to users through visual cues or notifications, fostering self-awareness and encouraging posture correction. The versatility and scalability of our solution make it applicable to diverse settings, including offices, healthcare, and education. This paper delves into the design, implementation, and challenges of our IoT-based system, emphasizing its potential to mitigate health risks linked to prolonged poor posture. By embracing advanced interdisciplinary approaches, we contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of posture-related complexities, paving the way for future advancements in public health through the promotion of better posture habits.

Motorbikes serve as the primary mode of transportation in most countries as they are cost effective and appropriate for a nuclear family. But it has been observed that more than 70% of the users do not prefer to wear safety helmets for various reasons jeopardizing their lives and falling prey to accidents. The most prevalent method for ensuring this right now is traffic police manually monitoring the motorcyclists. But due to excess traffic and limited traffic personnels, many violators go unrecognized and continue to practice the same. Thus, it is important to eliminate the human intervention and automate the monitoring system using deep learning and computer vision-based techniques. Our proposed system implements this by extracting number plate of helmet violators and generates an e-challan on the registered mobile number. We propose using a custom trained YOLO-v8 model for violation detection and YOLO-v8 + EasyOCR for number plate detection and extraction. Canny Edge Detection is a preprocessing step that can be used to enhance the edges of objects in an image, making them more distinguishable. This system holds great potential for enhancing safety-related policies and ensuring strict enforcement of traffic regulations. Additionally, it contributes to the advancement of traffic management through the implementation of an AI-based automated traffic violation and ticketing system.

Greenhouse cultivation plays a pivotal role in modern agriculture by providing a controlled environment for plant growth. The significance of greenhouse insulation lies in its ability to create optimal conditions for plant development, ensuring increased crop productivity and quality. This paper emphasizes the criticality of greenhouse insulation and the necessity for effective predictive models to anticipate plant growth and yield accurately. This research proposes the utilization of Machine Learning (ML)and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to forecast plant growth and yield within controlled greenhouse settings. To achieve this, a novel deep recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture employing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neuron model is deployed in the prediction process.The study offers a comparative analysis involving various ML methodologies such as support vector regression and random forest regression. The performance evaluation of these diverse methods is conducted using the mean square error criterion to assess their effectivenessin predicting plant growth and yield. The model's sophisticated architecture enables it to produce accurate and timely predictions regarding specific growth parameters by leveraging an advanced neural network. This holistic approach introduces a novel perspective in greenhouse tomato cultivation, providing growers with valuable insights to facilitate informed decision-making, streamline resource distribution, and promote heightened agricultural sustainability.

Water contamination is increasing drastically today, and the government consistently works to reduce water pollution. This paper focuses on desalinating saline water using a capacitive deionization technique using activated carbon electrodes and ion exchange resin membranes. The developed model of the capacitive deionization cell works within 1.2 V, and the potential difference between the electrodes is varied within the threshold voltage of water. The concentrations of magnesium, sodium, and chlorine are measured in this investigation. The performance of the system was analyzed with a varied concentration of resin ion exchange membrane and various potential differences. The behavior of the capacitance deionization cell and rate with the conductance of water-electrolyte was studied. After the removal of ions, the conductivity of the electrolyte was reduced. Ion exchange resins are utilized to increase the electrical conductivity, which leads to an increase in the deionization rate. The ion exchange is carried out through the activated porous carbon electrodes. The experiment was carried out with varied voltages in saline streams, and the concentration of ions was evaluated. Due to the migration of positive and negative ions to the respective electrodes. The portable desalination model of efficient desalination level is derived. The energy and performance efficiencies are taken into consideration to evaluate the developed model. The cost of deionization is reduced compared with the reverse osmosis process. The deionization rate is high, leading to the production of a vast quantity of conditioned water for irrigation purposes. The study demonstrated that capacitive deionization (CDI) with activated carbon electrodes and ion exchange resin membranes effectively removes ions like magnesium, sodium, and chlorine, reducing water conductivity. Operating efficiently within a low-voltage range, the CDI system showed a high deionization rate suitable for large-scale applications, with lower costs than traditional reverse osmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study illustrates the impact of different polymer types on the characteristics of Fe2O3. The manufacture of nanocomposites involved the use of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymers. Nanocomposites were synthesised by combining an aqueous solution of Ferric chloride with various polymers. The Fe2O3 nanocomposite, which was polymer-based, was synthesised using an in situ chemical approach to investigate the impact of different polymer types on its primary physical characteristics. The configuration of polymer-based Fe2O3 nanocomposites was investigated using diagnostic instruments such as SEM, EDX, and XRD. The modification of the polymer had a clearly noticeable and apparent effect on the optical and structural properties of the nanocomposites. The utilisation of SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques provided confirmation of the successful synthesis of nanocomposites based on Fe2O3. The UV–visible spectra were examined to investigate the optical characteristics of the fabricated samples. The bandgaps of the nanocomposites ranged from 1.9 to 2.25 eV. The Urbach energy was also determined for all of the processed samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The machining behaviour of bagasse fibre-reinforced polymer composites is investigated in terms of cutting forces and surface roughness during the milling process in this study. The impact of fibre orientation and cutting parameters is found while quantifying cutting forces. A tool dynamometer connected to the universal milling machine measures the cutting forces during the milling process. The hand lay-up method is used to create composite specimens with three different fibre orientations to the cutting direction, such as 0°, 45° and 90° (θ). Cutting forces in the X, Y, and Z directions are calculated using cutting parameters such as speed and depth of cut. Surf experiments were used to assess the surface roughness of the composite specimens. The microscopic images aid in understanding the fibre orientation and its impact on fibre damage during the milling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of RhB dye in an aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), γ -Fe2O3, γ -Fe2O3–ZnO, Ag–ZnO, and γ -Fe2O3–Ag–ZnO nanomaterials generated using poinciana leaf extract is presented. The nanomaterials were prepared utilizing environmentally friendly methods and poinciana leaf extract. The properties of the originally generated nanomaterials, analyzed through techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray, electron microscopy, and FE-SEM, have been described. The hexagonal structure of ZnO wurtzite was also discovered to align with the XRD findings. Additionally, EDX mapping was employed to analyze the composition of the γ -Fe2O3–Ag–ZnO nanocomposite. A topological investigation confirmed the roughness of the created nanostructures. Regarding the photocatalytic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation studies, the γ -Fe2O3–Ag–ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated superior performance compared to pure ZnO in breaking down dye molecules under visible light exposure. Employing an ideal configuration of 1.0 g/L of photocatalyst, pH 10, and 10 ppm of RhB, an impressive photodegradation effectiveness of nearly 99% was achieved in just 45 min of light exposure. An analysis of reactive species was conducted to determine the photodegradation efficiency of γ -Fe2O3–Ag–ZnO. To investigate the impact of the microorganisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the γ -Fe2O3–Ag–ZnO nanocomposite, the results indicated that the γ -Fe2O3–Ag–ZnO nanocomposite achieved a high rate of success in neutralizing and eradicating these bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, surface modification was carried out on aluminium alloy 6061 through friction stir processing by embedding surface with B4C particles. Three different samples namely, AA6061 with only stir processing (sample 1), friction stir processed by B4C with single pass (sample 2) and by B4C multi-pass (sample 3) were developed to study the wear, corrosion and microstructural properties. The modified surfaces were characterised by carrying out using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Pin-on disc method was employed to study the wear rate on these stir processed samples. Corrosion behaviour of three stir processed samples was characterised in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 10 mV/s scan rate. From microstructural analysis, the dark zones with onion rings were seen at the nugget zone in sample 2, whereas uniform distribution with clear grain boundaries were observed in sample 3. From wear test, the wear rate for sample 1 was higher when compared with other two samples. From corrosion test, corrosion rate of sample 2 was observed to be 1.469 mm/year which is lower than sample 1 (2.868 mm/year) and sample 3 (6.127 mm/year). Corrosion resistance of sample 2 was greatly improved due to proper mechanical mixing of B4C particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the effect of electrode negative (EN) ratio on bead cross-section, mechanical properties and microstructure was analysed. The welding was performed on MC-600 steel of 12.5 mm thickness by two passes in butt configuration at three different EN ratios varying from 0.25 to 0.75. Out of different types of power sources, alternating current (AC) with the square wave was selected here for the experiment. Penetration depth and bead width decreased with an increase in EN ratio, but reinforcement height increased with an increase in EN ratio. There is no notable effect on yield strength but ultimate tensile strength increased slightly due to an increase in the EN ratio. Vickers hardness of weld at lowest and highest EN ratios is almost similar and slightly higher than that of the middle one. The impact toughness of all three locations improved with an increase in the EN ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional pure and Ni-doped zinc oxide nanorods (NRs) were prepared by chemical bath technique. Some physical properties like optical, morphological and structural were examined for prepared NRs. The result of X-ray diffraction XRD was exposed that the crystal structure was hexagonal for both pure and Ni-doped NRs where there is no change in the crystal system but some small shifting in diffraction angle appeared. The chemical composition and the presence of Ni atoms in the ZnO were approved by EDX test. Additionally, morphology investigation of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is conducted and showed that the shape of prepared materials was NRs. A red shift in the absorption spectrum and band gap happened after doping with Ni where the energy gap dropped from 3.72 for ZnO to 3.5 eV for ZnO:Ni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work covers the solar cell simulation of cadmium telluride (CdTe) by means of the SCAPS-1D simulation software. The impact of back contact type and operation temperature on operation parameters of solar cell was studied. For the present study, three different types of metals with different work functions have been used in simulation, i.e. silver (Ag), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). The range of working temperature was 300–400 K. Simulation results confirmed that the back contact type and work functions and temperature strongly influence the parameters of solar cells, especially the PCE, wherein it has been found that the Pt gave a conversion efficiency of 5.7% and Au gave 2.01% efficiency and Ag with 0.04% and best temperature to work is 350 K. The influence of inserting cadmium sulphide (CdS) buffer coat had been studied, and the presence of CdS enhanced the solar cell work.aq [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incremental sheet formation (ISF) is extensively used versatile technique for newer manufacturing processes, such as creating skull prostheses, aerospace equipment, automobile, and so on. The current work describes the techniques, history, and classification of ISF-based on the results of few aspects such as force forming, stress triaxiality, force forming, bending stress, and so on. In addition, the influence of different parameters and their effect on building force, formability, spring-back, failure, surface roughness, rupture, and so on, have been analysed. It has been noticed that an investigation of the two degrees of freedom (DF) robot-manipulators with the ISF and its influences on surface coarseness and formability are greatly suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report the structural, optical, and surface properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures that were produced using the chemical co-precipitation process at various specified pH values ranging from 8 to 12. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis (EDX) were used to describe the structural properties of the produced nanostructures, while UV–visible spectroscopy was used to examine their optical properties. The study of X-ray diffractometer patterns indicates the pure phase formation of CuO and this purity loses when pH reach to 13 where the impurities presented in the CuO. scanning electron microscopy images show the structural changes from nanoparticles shape at (pH 8) to nanoflowers shape (pH 10). The absorption band of CuO nanoparticles shows a blue shift with increase of pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) provide a good combination of qualities that monolithic materials find difficult to achieve, such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, a low thermal expansion coefficient, strong wear, abrasion resistance etc. The manufacturing process, the matrix, and the reinforcement, all play a role in the MMCs'. Compared to mono composites using several reinforcements, hybrid MMCs exhibit improved property combinations. Surface MMCs improved their bulk toughness and ductility while also acquiring enhanced surface characteristics. Both liquid-state and solid-state processes were used to create MMCs. The main problems with MMC fabrication, which degrade the characteristics of the material, include wettability, low densification, particle agglomeration, and unwanted chemical interactions between the matrix and reinforcements. By utilizing various fabrication approaches, extensive research has been done in the domain of aluminum and magnesium-based MMCs and advancements have been made in obtaining the requisite material properties. The easiest and least expensive way for making MMCs is liquid-state processing stir casting. To get around the restrictions of liquid-state processing, solid-state processing was applied below the melting temperature of the matrix. This review was succinct regarding the various MMC fabrication techniques as well as the role reinforcements played in the creation of advanced composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filling of moulds with molten metal and solidifying it affects the cycle time, casting's interior quality and the amount of material required throughout the process. Blow holes, slag inclusions, cold shut, shrinkage, and other casting faults are all linked to the mould filling process. Industry demands the simulation of filling and solidification process before the actual operation begins. The simulation helps to examine the molten metal's free surface variations, temperature distribution, and gas pouring problems to reduce filling-related defects and benefited to the industrial sector by eliminating the wastage of raw resources, money, labour and time. CFD analysis was carried out to investigate the impact of VOF and air entrapment in the casting part at subjected velocities to uncover pouring flaws of the casting part generated in response to the applied velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current scenario, Additive manufacturing has many applications and is of interest in the biomedical field. The characteristics of parts manufactured by additive manufacturing continue to improve, which is contributing to their increasing usage in medical implants. Additive manufacturing had offered certain advantages in medical implants including medical outcomes, reduced operating time, and cost-effectiveness, as well as adjusting and integrating stents. Along with various advantages, the various types of additive manufacturing techniques like direct metal laser sintering, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, electron beam melting, and selective laser melting are discussed. Other than Additive Manufacturing, Reinforcement played an important role in influencing the mechanical characteristics of MMCs. The types and amount of reinforcement are crucial in maintaining biocompatibility, bio-activeness, non-toxicity, and reduction in porosity. This article reviews the literature on additive manufacturing techniques and their types, highlighting certain applications, and analysing the reinforcement role in MMCs in order to influence the mechanical properties of the composite. The ability to produce biocompatible materials, create customised implants, and add a porous scaffold surface, are the advantages that have the biggest impact on the biomedical sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PVA-assisted Fe2O3-ZnO as a nanocomposite chemically prepared by in situ method. Various identification methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), were employed to evaluate the composite samples. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that the nanocomposite exhibits the structural characteristics of hematite (α-Fe2O3), whereas no discernible influence of zinc oxide (ZnO) is observed. The (Fe2O3-ZnO)/PVA nanocomposite shows two absorption edges for both ZnO at 400nm and for Fe2O3 at 500nm and the corresponding's bandgap was equal to 2.07 and 1.9 eV for direct and indirect transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has ignited intense interest over the last decade due to their unique properties, which make them applicable in a variety of fields of science and technology. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were synthesized, characterized, and their antibacterial activity was determined using a low-cost and simple method. Method: In this paper, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by a physical method of pulsed laser ablation in a liquid medium with 600 mJ energy. Magnetic Fe2O3 NPs were prepared by using a 1064 nm Nd-YAG laser and bombarding the α -Fe2O3 target in a deionized aqueous solution. An absorption spectrometer was used to study the optical properties and structures of nanoparticles, the prepared nanoparticles were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Besides, utilizing FESEM, the morphological and surface characteristics were examined. The antibacterial activity of Fe2O3 NPs against several pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from various human infection sites was investigated using a disk diffusion experiment with laser pulse lengths of (100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm and 300 nm) with the same laser energy. Result: The results showed the success of this method as the first sign that can be inferred from the change in the color of the solution to prepare nanoparticles. Fe2O3 NPs are mostly spherical in shape, with nano sizes ranging between 66.7 nm and 9.5 nm. The energy gap was found to be in the range of 1.79–2.39 eV for almost all nanoparticles prepared. Fe2O3 NPs were formed in almost spherical surface morphology with regular size and shape. The results showed their effect on stopping the growth of bacteria of type E. coli maximum zone of inhibition of 20 mm and 19 mm of S. epidermidis, 18 mm of type S. mutans and 16 mm of P. aeruginosa. As a result, in this study, it was shown that Fe2O3 NPs produced in water by laser ablation method can be used as antibacterial agents due to these properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the biological and physical properties of colloidal platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were examined for antibacterial applications. The colloidal PtNPs and CoNPs were produced using two different liquids (double-distilled water (DDW) and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)) by laser ablation technique (PLAL). Characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to determine some physical properties of PtNPs and CoNPs. The antibacterial effects of colloidal PtNPs and CoNPs at different doses on various bacteria were investigated and their antibacterial activity resistances were calculated by measuring the inhibition zone widths. The effect of the liquid used in the production, the type of bacteria and dose amounts on the antibacterial resistance of these nanoparticles (NPs) were determined. In this study, it has been shown that the liquid used in the production of PtNPs and CoNPs can create significant changes in the physical and antibacterial properties of NP, especially by changing the size and concentration of colloidal PtNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]