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2. Efficient Classification with Counterfactual Reasoning and Active Learning

Author

Mohammed, Azhar, Nguyen, Dang, Duong, Bao, and Nguyen, Thin

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Data augmentation is one of the most successful techniques to improve the classification accuracy of machine learning models in computer vision. However, applying data augmentation to tabular data is a challenging problem since it is hard to generate synthetic samples with labels. In this paper, we propose an efficient classifier with a novel data augmentation technique for tabular data. Our method called CCRAL combines causal reasoning to learn counterfactual samples for the original training samples and active learning to select useful counterfactual samples based on a region of uncertainty. By doing this, our method can maximize our model's generalization on the unseen testing data. We validate our method analytically, and compare with the standard baselines. Our experimental results highlight that CCRAL achieves significantly better performance than those of the baselines across several real-world tabular datasets in terms of accuracy and AUC. Data and source code are available at: https://github.com/nphdang/CCRAL.

Published
2022

3. Paediatric gastrointestinal trichobezoar—an uncommon entity: a case series with recent literature review

Author

Shazia Jalil, Mohammed Azhar, Tarek Talaat Harb ElKadi, Khalid AlFaifi, Saad Al Hamidi, Moath Al Saiady, Abdelbasit E. Ali, and Fazal N. Wahid

Subjects
Bezoar, Trichobezoar, Trichotillomania, Trichophagia, Rapunzel syndrome, Pica, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) tract bezoars are aggregates or concretions of inedible and undigested material mostly found in the stomach but can also be found elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Trichobezoar, an infrequent form of bezoar seen mostly in young females, consists of a compact mass of swallowed hair. It is primarily located in the stomach but may extend through the pylorus into the duodenum and small bowel, a condition labelled as Rapunzel syndrome. Cases presentation In this series, we report four consecutive cases of trichobezoars in the paediatric age group, all managed at a single institution King Saud Medical City Hospital Riyadh between 2019 and 2022. All the cases were girls between the ages of ten to fourteen with psychosocial problems. All the patients had a definite mass in the epigastrium and a history of not gaining weight. One presented with intestinal obstruction. X-ray abdomen and computed tomography (CT) scan abdomen were the imaging modalities that led to the diagnosis. All patients underwent surgery with successful removal of the trichobezoar and were referred to a psychiatrist for evaluation and treatment of a psychological disorder. Conclusion Trichobezoar is a rare entity that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young female patients with vague, non-specific clinical symptoms and a palpable, upper-abdominal mass. In our experience and in line with the published literature, conventional laparotomy is still the gold standard in cases of GI trichobezoars. Along with the removal of the trichobezoar, treatment of the existing psycho-social ailment is of utmost importance and needs long-term counselling with periodic psychological evaluation in follow-up clinics to avoid recurrence.

Published
2023
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4. Overrepresentation of Historically Underserved and Socially Vulnerable Communities Behind Levees in the United States

Author

Farshid Vahedifard, Mohammed Azhar, and Dustin C. Brown

Subjects
infrastructure equity, levees, flood risk, historically underserved and socially vulnerable communities (HUSVCs), Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Infrastructure equity is an immediate concern with levees, constituting the backbone of the U.S. protection against flooding. Flooding patterns are exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change in several regions, posing a significant risk to the economy, safety, and well‐being of the nation. The evolving risk of flooding is shown to disproportionately affect historically underserved and socially vulnerable communities (HUSVCs). Here we compare the sociodemographic and socioeconomic composition of leveed and non‐leveed U.S. communities and show a substantial overrepresentation of HUSVCs in leveed areas at the state, regional, and national levels. Further, we analyze the proportion of communities designated as “disadvantaged” in leveed versus non‐leveed areas, revealing a substantially larger population of disadvantaged communities residing behind levees. Our analyses show that nationally, Hispanic are the most overrepresented population in leveed areas yielding a disparity percentage of 39.9%, followed by Native American (18.7%), Asian (17.7%), and Black (16.1%) communities. Communities characterized by low education, poverty, and disability exhibit a disproportionately higher presentation of 27.8%, 20.4%, and 5.4% in leveed areas across the U.S. In 43 states, disadvantaged communities are overrepresented behind levees, with a national disparity percentage of 40.6%. At the regional level, the highest disparity was observed in the Northeast (57.3%), followed by the West (51.3%), Southeast (38%), Midwest (29.2%), and Southwest (25%). The findings can enable decision‐ and policy‐makers to identify hotspots within HUSVCs that need to be prioritized for enhancing the integrity and climate adaptation of their levee systems.

Published
2023
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5. Handling Missing Data with Markov Boundary

Author

Mohammed, Azhar, Nguyen, Dang, Duong, Bao, Nichols, Melanie, Nguyen, Thin, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Chen, Weitong, editor, Yao, Lina, editor, Cai, Taotao, editor, Pan, Shirui, editor, Shen, Tao, editor, and Li, Xue, editor

Published
2022
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10. Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Author

Wright, Naomi Jane, Leather, Andrew J.M., Ade-Ajayi, Niyi, Sevdalis, Nick, Davies, Justine, Poenaru, Dan, Ameh, Emmanuel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lakhoo, Kokila, Smith, Emily Rose, Douiri, Abdel, Elstad, Maria, Sim, Marcus, Riboni, Cristiana, Martinez-Leo, Bruno, Akhbari, Melika, Tabiri, Stephen, Mitul, Ashrarur, Aziz, Dayang Anita Abdul, Fachin, Camila, Niyukuri, Alliance, Arshad, Muhammad, Ibrahim, Fowzia, Moitt, Natalie, Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy, Thompson, Hannah, Ubhi, Harmony, Williams, Isabelle, Hashim, Sophia, Philipo, Godfrey Sama, Herrera, Laura, Yunus, Aayenah, Vervoort, Dominique, Parker, Samuel, Benaskeur, Yousra-Imane, Alser, Osaid H., Adofo-Ansong, Nana, Alhamid, Ahmad, Salem, Hosni khairy, Saleh, Mahmoud, Elrais, Safa Abdal, Abukhalaf, Sadi, Shinondo, Patricia, Nour, Ibrahim, Aydin, Emrah, Vaitkiene, Agota, Naranjo, Kelly, Dube, Andile Maqhawe, Ngwenya, Sodumisa, Yacoub, Mina A., Kwasau, Henang, Hyman, Gabriella, Elghazaly, Shrouk Mahmoud, Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim, Hisham, Intisar, Franco, Helena, Arbab, Hana, Samad, Lubna, Soomro, Aqil, Chaudhry, Muhammad Amjad, Karim, Safina, Khattak, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Nah, Shireen Anne, Dimatatac, Doris Mae, Choo, Candy SC, Maistry, Niveshni, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Hasan, Samiul, Karim, Sabbir, Yousuf, Hina, Qureshi, Taimur, Nour, Ibrahim Rabi, Al-Taher, Raed Nael, Sarhan, Osama Abdul Kareem, Garcia-Aparicio, Luis, Prat, Jordi, Blazquez-Gomez, Eva, Tarrado, Xavier, Iriondo, Martí, Bragagnini, Paolo, Rite, Segundo, Hagander, Lars, Svensson, Emma, Owusu, Sheila, Abdul-Mumin, Alhassan, Bagbio, Dominic, Ismavel, Vijay Anand, Miriam, Ann, T, Shajin, Anaya Dominguez, Marlene, Ivanov, Monica, Serban, Andreea Madalina, Derbew, Miliard, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Olivos Perez, Maricarmen, Abrunhosa Matias, Marcia, Arnaud, Alexis P, Negida, Ahmed, King, Sebastian, Fazli, Mohamad Rafi, Hamidi, Nadia, Touabti, Souhem, Chipalavela, Rossana Francisco, Lobos, Pablo, Jones, Brendan, Ljuhar, Damir, Singer, Georg, Cordonnier, Annelien, Jáuregui, Lorena, Zvizdic, Zlatan, Wong, Janice, St-Louis, Etienne, Shu, Qiang, Lui, Yang, Correa, Catalina, Pos, Lucie, Alcántara, Elvyn, Féliz, Erick, Zea-Salazar, Luis Enrique, Ali, Liza, Peycelon, Matthieu, Anatole, Nzanzu Kipata, Jallow, Cherno S., Lindert, Judith, Ghosh, Dhruv, Adhiwidjaja, Cathline Freya, Tabari, Ahmad Khaleghnejad, Lotfollahzadeh, Saran, Mussein, Haidar Mohammad, Vatta, Fabrizio, Pasqua, Noemi, Kihiko, David, Gohil, Hetal, Nour, Ibrahim R., Elhadi, Muhammed, Almada, Suad Ahmed, Verkauskas, Gilvydas, Risteski, Toni, Peñarrieta Daher, Alejandro, Outani, Oumaima, Hamill, James, Lawal, Taiwo, Mulu, Jack, Yapo, Benjamin, Saldaña, Lily, Espineda, Beda, Toczewski, Krystian, Tuyishime, Eugene, Ndayishimiye, Isaac, Raboe, Enaam, Hammond, Philip, Walker, Gregor, Djordjevic, Ivona, Chitnis, Milind, Son, Joonhyuk, Lee, Sanghoon, Hussien, Muaad, Malik, Sawazen, Ismail, Enas Musa, Boonthai, Ampaipan, Dahman, Nesrine Ben Hadj, Hall, Nigel, Castedo Camacho, Fabiola Ruth, Sobrero, Helena, Butler, Marilyn, Makhmud, Aliev, Novotny, Nathan, Hammouri, Ahmad G., Al-Rayyes, Maisara, Bvulani, Bruce, Muraveji, Qais, Murzaie, Muhammad Yousuf, Sherzad, Ajmal, Haidari, Sayed Aman, Monawar, Abdul Baqi, Samadi, Dr. Ahmad Zia, Thiessen, Jesh, Venant, Ntakarutimana, Hospital, Sonia Inamuco, Jérémie, Niyonkuru, Mbonicura, Jean Claude, Vianney, Butoyi Jean Marie, Tadesse, Amezene, Negash, Samuel, Roberts, Charles A., Jabang, John N., Bah, Abdoulie, Camamra, Kajali, Correa, Armandou, Sowe, Babucarr, Gai, A., Jaiteh, Musa, Raymond, Kwizera Jean, Mvukiyehe, Jean Paul, Itangishaka, Innocent, Kayibanda, Emmanuel, Manirambona, Emery, Lule, Joseph, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Shyaka Gashugi, Ian, Ndata, Albert, Gasana, Georges, Nezerwa, Yves Castar, Simeon, Turatsinze, Muragijimana, Jean De Dieu, Rashid, Sakina, Msuya, David, Elisante, Joseph, Solanki, Meghna, Manjira, Emmanuel, Lodhia, Jay, Jusabani, Mubashir, Tarmohamed, Murad, Koipapi, Sengua, Souhem, Touabti, Sara, Nabti, Sihem, Brahimi, Dania, Bouguermouh, Toufik, Iaiche Achour, Mounira, Baghdadi Nour el islam, Habiba, Alouani, Aragão, Liliana, Gonçalves, Victor, Lino Urquizo, Marcelo Mauricio, Varela, Maria Florencia, Mercado, Pedro, Horacio, Bonavia, Damiani, Andrea, Mac, Carlos, Putruele, Daniel, Liljesthrom, Karen, Bernaus, Marianela, Jauri, Cesar, Cripovich, Alejandrina, Bianchin, Ezequiel, Puig, Maria Gabriela, Andreussi, Lorna, Iracelay, Susana, Marcos, Dolores, Herrera, Carina, Palacios, Nelly, Avile, Romina, Serezo, Belen, Montoya, Debora, Cepeda, Rodrigo, Vaquila, Justo, Veronica, Sofficci, Pardo, Liliana, Valeria, Pelussi, Julio, Lapalma, Martin, Aranda Diego, Lucio, Palazzi, Gabriel, Comba, Marianella, Depetrini, Calderón Arancibia, José Alfredo, Huespe, Enrique, Losa, Gabriela Natalia, Arancibia Gutiérrez, Elsa, Scherl, Humberto, Gonzalez, Daniel Emilio, Baistrocchi, Valentina, Silva, Yanina, Galdeano, Marcelo, Medard, Pablo, Sueiras, Ines, Romero Manteola, Enrique, Defago, Victor Hugo, Mieres, Carlos, Alberto, Carlos, Cornelli, Fabio, Molina, Marcelo, Ravetta, Pablo, Patiño Gonzalez, Celeste Carolina, Dallegre, Maria Belen, Szklarz, Maria Tatiana, Leyba, Marcos Federico, Rivarola, Nahuel Ignacio, Charras, Maria Delia, Morales, Adriana, Caseb, Paloma, Toselli, Luzia, Millán, Carolina, Junes, Maria del Carmen, Di Siervi, Oscar, Gilardi, Jose, Simon, Soledad, Contreras, Carla Sofia, Rojas, Nair, Arnoletto, Lucia Beatriz, Blain, Otilia Eva, Bravo, Mauro Nicolas, Sanchez, Nancy, Herrera Pesara, Luciana Martina, Moreno, Maria Eugenia, Sferco, Carlos Ariel, Huq, Umama, Ferdousi, Tamanna, Al-Mamun, Abdullah, Sultana, Sadia, Mahmud, Refoyez, Mahmud, Khalid, Sayeed, Fatema, Svirsky, Alexander, Sempertegui, Denisse, Negrete, Amalia, Teran, Araceli, Sadagurschi, Mariana, Popovic, Nusret, Karavdic, Kenan, Milisic, Emir, Jonuzi, Asmir, Mesic, Amira, Terzic, Sabina, Dendusic, Nejra, Biber, Elna, Sehic, Anesa, Zvizdic, Nada, Letic, Emina, Saracevic, Adna, Hamidovic, Ajla, Selak, Nejra, Horozic, Dzan, Hukic, Lamija, Muhic, Amila, Vanis, Nedim, Sokolovic, Emir, Sabic, Adnan, Becker, Karin, Novochadlo Klüppel, Elis, dos Santos Dias, André Iván Bradley, Agulham, Miguel Angelo, Bischoff, Cristiano, Sabbatini, Stella, Fernandes de Souza, Rachel, Souza Machado, Ana Beatriz, Werneck Raposo, Juliana, da Silva Augusto, Maria Lucia, Martins, Bianca M.R., de Souza Santos Ferreira, Mariana, Fernandes de Oliveira, Darli, Silva dos Santos, Carla, Ribeiro de Fernández y Alcázar, Fernanda, Alves Dutra da Silva, Érika, Furtado, Mariana, Tamada, Horácio, Silva Ferreira dos Santos, Marília, Lopes de Almeida, Thayná, Oliveira de Andrade, Susy, Gurgel do Amaral, Antonio Cipriano, Jr, Sartori Giovanoni, Lais, de Deus Passos Leles, Kamila, Corrêa Costa, Eduardo, Feldens, Leticia, Ferraz Schopf, Luciano, Soares de Fraga, José Carlos, Colombo de Holanda, Felipe, Brolin Santis Isolan, Paola Maria, Loyola Ferreira, Julia, Bruxel, Carla Luisa, Lopes Teixeira Ferdinando, Danielle, Zottis Barcelos, Fabricio, Baseggio, Natalia, Knorr Brenner, Nicole, Trindade Deyl, Rafael, Dure, Carolina, Nunes Kist, Iuri, Bueno Mazzuca, Rafael, Bueno Motter, Sarah, Ramos, Yna, Suzana Trein, Cristine, Rezende Rosa, Bianca, de Assis Silva, Murilo, Menin, Flavio Augusto, Semensato Carloni, Isabela Cristina, Norberto da Silva, Juliana Antinarelli, Gomes, Adriano Luis, Girão Tauffer, Mariana, Bassan Gonçalves, Paulo César, Nogueira Marques, Geraldo Magela, Moriya, Eliane, Labonia, Carla, Carrasco, Ana Lucia, Furtado Meyer, Karine, Farion-Aguiar, Luiz, Amado, Fernando, Antunes, Amanda, Silva, Elisângela, Telles, Leila, Almeida, Giovana, Belmino Gadelha, Aluísio Augusto, de Azevedo Belesa, Flavia, Gonçalves da Cunha, Jr, Acimar, Souza Barros, Beatriz, Zanellato, Josiane Bernartt, Guimarães, Patricia, Silva, Karina Ilheu da, Ribas, Bianca, Reuter, Cristina, Casado, Francis Tanise, Correa Leite, Mila Torii, Testoni, Daniela, Guinsburg, Ruth, de Campos Vieira Abib, Simone, Khodor Cury, Edson, Dornellas do Nascimento, Suely, Almeida Aguiar, Arthur, Melo Gallindo, Rodrigo, Gonçalves Borges, Carolina, Liu, Yang, Duote, Cai, Wang, Jinhu, Gao, Zhigang, Liang, Liang, Luo, Wenjuan, Zhao, Xiaoxia, Chen, Rui, Wang, Peng, Han, Yijiang, Huang, Ting, Donglai, Hu, Xiaodong, Guo, Junjie, Chen, Zhu, Libin, Wu, Guowei, Bao, Xiaozhou, Li, Haijing, Lv, Junying, Li, Zhongrong, Yong, Feng, Gao, Zhou Chong, Bai, Qiang, Tang, Weibing, Xie, Hua, Motee, Jethishka, Zhu, Jianming, Wen, Gang, Ruan, Weiwei, Li, Shungen, Chen, Lulu, Huang, Shungen, Lv, Zhibao, Lu, Jinjing, Huang, Liuming, Yu, Mengnan, Dajia, Wang, Bai, Yu Zuo, Rincon, Luis Carlos, Mancera, Juliana, Alzate Gallego, Edgar, Torres-Canchala, Laura, Silva Beltrán, Nathalia, Osorio Fory, Ghordana, Castaño Avila, Daniela, Forero Ladino, Angelica Maria, Gomez, Juanita, Jaramillo, Martha, Morales, Otto, Sanchez, Beatriz, Tinoco Guzmán, Nestor Julien, Castañeda Espinosa, Sergio, Prieto Vargas, Osbaldo, Pardo, Lina Maria, Toral, Eliana, Cáceres Aucatoma, Freud, Hinostroza, Daniel, Valencia, Santiago, Salinas, Vicente, Landivar Cino, Enrique, Ponce Fajardo, Gabriela Yulissa, Astudillo, Miguel, Garcia, Virginia, Muñoz, Guillermo, Verduga, Leonardo, Verduga, Ivan, Murillo, Ericka, Bucaram, Elena, Guayelema, Marisol, Marmol, Monica, Sanchez, Janina, Vergara, Carolina, Mena, Adriana, Velaña, Junior, Salazar, Karla, Lara, Sandra, Chiriboga, Elena, Silva, Julian, Gad, Dalia, Samy, Doaa, Elsadek, Menan Ahmed, Mohammed, Hanan Mahmoud, Abouheba, Mohamed, Ali, Karim Osamy, Rashwan, Hayssam, Fawzy, Omar Moustafa, Kamel, Tarek mohamed, Nemer, Rawan, Hassan, Mohamed Abada, Falah, Eyad Hassan, Abdelhady, Dina Sobhy, Zain, Mostafa, Ibrahim, Eman Abouzeid Abouzeid, Elsiraffy, Omar Ossama, Aboelela, Ahmed, Farag, Eman mohamed, Oshiba, Ahmed Mohamed, Emam, Omar Sameh, Attia, Alaa Mobarak, Laymouna, Moustafa A., Ghorab, Islam Abdelmonem, Mohammed, Mansour Mkayed, Soliman, Nourhan Akram, Ghaly, Khaled Abd elrahman, Sadek, Kareem, Elsherbiny, Mohamed, Saleh, Amr, Sheir, Hesham, Wafa, Tamer, Elmenam, Mohamed Abd, Abdelmaksoud, Sherif, Reda, Ahmed, Mansour, Islam, Elzohiri, Mohamed, Waseem, Basma, Elewaily, Mohamed, El-Ghazaly, Mohammed, Elhattab, Ahmad, Shalaby, Amr, Elsaied, Adham, Adawy, Ahmad, Sadek, Mirna, Ahmed, Mahmoud Abdelfattah, Herdan, Mohamed Omar, Elassall, Gena Mohamed Hamed, Mohammed, Azhar Arabi, Takrouney, Mohammed Hamada, Essa, Tarek Mohamed, Mahmoud, Ahmed Mokhtar, Saad, Alshaimaa M., Fouly, Mariam Albatoul Nageh, Ibrahim, Mahmoud abdelshakour, Nageh, Mohammad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Badr, Helmy, Fouda, Mohamed Fayez, Nofal, Ahmed Hassan, Almohamady, Hisham, Arafa, Mohamed Ahmed, Amad, Mohamed, Mansour, Mohamed Awad, O'Connor, Jennifer, O'Connor, Zachary, Anatole, Nzanzu, Nkunzimana, Elysé, Machemedze, Solomon, Dieudonné, Lemfuka, Appeadu-Mensah, William, Anyomih, Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Alhassan, Priscilla, Abantanga, Francis A., Michael, Vishal, Mary Koshy, Roshine, Raj, Ankit, Kumar, Vijay, PT, Sundeep, Prabhu, P Santosh, Vosoughi, Armin, Al-Mayoof, Ali Farooq, Fadhle, Muhamed Jassim, Joda, Ali Egab, Algabri, Hayder Nadhim Obaid, Abdelhamid, Sultan S., Al-Momani, Hashem M., Amarin, Marzouq, Zaghlol, Louay Y., Alsaadi, Nijmeh Nasser, Qwaider, Yasmeen Z., Qutishat, Hibah, Aliwisat, Ahmad Hasan, Arabiat, Esraa, Bsisu, Isam, Murshidi, Raghad M., Jabaiti, Mohammad S., Bataineh, Ziad A., Abuhayyeh, Husam Aldean, Quran, Thekraiat M. Al, Za'nouneh, Faris J. Abu, Alebbini, Mohanad Mutasem, Qudah, Hamzah Abullah, Hussein, Omar Ghazi, Murad, Amir M.I., Amarin, Justin Z., Suradi, Haya H., Alzraikat, Sayel H., Omari, Rand Y., Matour, Bashar M., Al-Halbouni, Layana, Zurikat, Rajai O., Yanis, Ahmad H., Hussein, Sara Al, Shoubaki, Ali, Ghanem, Waleed H., David, Kuria, Chitiavi, Soita Wycliffe, Mose, Moraa, Mugo, Robert, Ndungu, James, Mwai, Timothy, Shahbal, Swaleh, Malik, Janan, Chauhan, Nirav, Syovata, Francisa, Ochieng, Kevin, Omendo Liyenzero, Polycarp, Hussain, Syeda Ra'ana, Mugambi, Stanley, Ochieng, Roseline, Elkhazmi, Ebtesam Othman Abdulsalam, Khaled, Ala, Albozidi, Aya, Enbaya, Manal Ben, Elgammudi, Mala, Soula, Enas, Khalel, Wegden ibrahim almabrouk, Elhajjaji, Yasmine Ali, Alwaggaa, Nouriyah Ali, Ghayth, Sumayyah, Zreeg, Dafer abdulhakim .S., Tantush, Sara Abobaker, Bibas, Fatma, Layas, Tesneem, Sharif, Randa Alamen M, Aljadidi, Wesal Omar F. Saied, Tarek, Ahmed, Ahmed, Hazem, Essamilghi, Kamila Almabrouk Mohammed, Alfoghi, Mabroka, Abuhlega, Ma'aly A., Arrmali, Saddam, Abduljawad, Fatima Mousa, Alosta, Hasan Mustafa, Abuajaila, Abdulsalam, Abdelmutalib, Fakereldeen, Bashir, Fatma, Almengar, Inas, Annajjar, Mohammad hasan, Deyab, Abdelaziz, Elzowawi, Fathi, Krayem, Yousef, Drah, Weam, Meftah, Asma, Mohammed, Abobaker, Arrmalli, Lina Ali, Aljaboo, Hajir, Elayeb, Abdallah, Altomi, Mohamed, Altaweel, Ahmed, Tumi, Mohamed, Bazozi, Hana Milad, Shaklawoon, Aisha, Alglaib, Mohammed Meftah, Elkaloush, Abdullahn Abdousalam, Trainba, Sara, Swessi, Hisham, Alnaeri, Ali, Shnishah, Aya Essam, Mustufa, Hamassat, Gargum, Sondas Ali, Tarniba, Sara Ali, Shalluf, Hawa Ahmed, Shokri, Hajer Ali, Sarkaz, Taher L., Tababa, Osama, Elhadi, Ahmed, Naunova, Vesna Cvetanovska, Jovcheski, Laze, Kamilovski, Marjan, Gavrilovska-Brzanov, Aleksandra, Latiff, Zarina Abdul, Pauzi, Siti Farhan Moh, Osman, Marjmin, Lim, Felicia, Bakar, Ainal Huda Abu, Zaman, Azrina SK, Ishak, Shareena, Teo, Rufinah, Qi, Dr. Tammy Teoh Han, Othman, Mohd Yusran Bin, Zahari, Dato' Dr Zakaria bin, Hassan, Zulfitri bin Md, Shan, Cheah Hui, Lechmiannandan, Abhirrami, Tamaddun, Hafatin Fairos bt, Adanan, Mohd Fitri Shukri bin Mohamed, Abdullah, Mohd Yusof bin, Junyi, Wang, Nor, Mohd. Tarmizi Mohd, Noor, Wan Ruzaimie, Hassan, Mohd Razin bin, Dalek, Noor Fa'izatul Rahil Ambok, Hashim, Hidayah Hayati binti, Zarwawi, Ahmad Zulhisyam bin, Vellusamy, V Muthualhagi M, Yuen, Quah Soong, Kannessan, Hemasutha a/p, Ramli, Najua binti, Bujarimin, Ahmad Shafiee bin, Anntinea, Jessmine, Dass, Anthony, Khalid, Hazlina Mohd., Hanifah, Nur Atiqah binti Mohd, Jyun, Keily Wong Yue, Razak, Rahilah binti Abd, Naim, Nur Atifah binti Mohd, Hamzah, Siti Nur Aien binti Hamid, Vidal, Cristian R. Zalles, Bracho Blanchet, Eduardo, Dávila Perez, Roberto, Fernandez Portilla, Emilio, Villegas Silva, Raúl, Ibarra, Daniel, Calderon Moore, Antonio, Carrasco-Ortega, Cesar, Noguez Castillo, Monica, Herappe Mellado, Dorihela, Yanowsky Reyes, Guillermo, Gonzalez Cortez, Luis Fernando, Santana Ortiz, Rafael, Orozco Perez, Jamie, Corona C.Rivera, Jorge Román, Cardenas Ruiz Velasco, Juan Jose, Quiles Corona, Moises, Peña Padilla, Christian, Bobadilla Morales, Lucina, Corona Rivera, Alfredo, Rios Flores, Izabel Maryalexandra, Aranda Sánchez, Cristian Irela, Ambriz-González, Gabriela, Martínez Hernández Magro, Nestor, León Frutos, Francisco Javier, Cárdenas Barón, José de Jesús, González Ojeda, Alejandro, Yarza Fernández, Jessica, Porras, Juan Domingo, Aguirre-Lopez, Pastor, Sánchez Paredes, Vicente, Montalvo Marin, Arturo, Diaz Gomez, Jose Manuel, Caamal, Lorenzo Juvencio, Bulnes Mendizabal, David, Sanchez Valladares, Pablo, Garcia Martinez, Humberto, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Olanrewaju, Moses, Adegboyega, Rilwan, Abdulraheem, Nurudeen, Aremo, Anuoluwapo, Dedeke, Florence, Chukwuemeka, Anyanwu Lofty-John, Mohammad, Mohammad Aminu, Lawalbarau, Abdullahi, Collins, Nwokoro, Ibukunolu, Ogundele, Shonubi, Amo, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Elebute, Olumide Abiodun, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, Alakaloko, Felix, Ihediwa, George, Olayade, Kayode, Bode, Christopher, Ogundoyin, Olakayode, Olulana, Dare I., Egbuchulem, Ifeanyichukwu Kelvin, Kumolalo, Felix O., Ulasi, Ikechukwu, Ezomike, Uchechukwu Obiora, Ekenze, Sebastian Okwuchukwu, Nwankwo, Elochukwu Perpetua, Nwangwu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi, Chukwu, Isaac, Amah, Christopher Chim, Obianyo, Nene Elsie, Williams, Omolara, Osuoji, Roland Iheanyichukwu, Faboya, Omolara Moronkeji, Ajai, Olalekan Temitope, Abdulsalam, Moruf Adekunle, Agboola, Titiloye Hannah, Temilade, Bolarinwa Bolanle, Osazuwa, Maryrose, Salawu, Morayo Monsurat, Ejinkeonye, Eze Chukwuemeka, Yola, Mariya Mukhtar, Mairami, Amsa B., Otuneye, Adekunle T., Igoche, Matthias, Tanimola, Adebayo Gbenga, Ajao, Emmanuel Akinlabi, Agelebe, Efeturi, Olori, Samson, Mshelbwala, Philip Mari, Osagie, Olabisi, Oyinloye, Adewale, Abubakar, Auwal M, Oyebanji, Lateef, Shehu, Ibrahim, Cletus, Cyril, Bamanga, Ahmed, Suleiman, Faruk, Adamu, Sani, C.Nwosu, David, S.Alkali, Yahya, Jalo, Iliya, Rasaki, Aliu, T.Sambo, Yusuf, A.Mohammed, Kalakwa, M.Ballah, Abubakar, Modekwe, Victor, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, Ezidiegwu, Ugochukwu S, Osuigwe, Andrew N, Ugwu, Jideofor O, Ugwunne, Chuka A, Akhter, Nadeem, Gondal, Mudassir Fayaz, Raza, Rafee, Chaudary, Ali Raza, Ali, Hassan, Nisar, Muhammad Umar, Jamal, Muhammad Umer, Pandit, Ghuri Shankar, Mumtaz, Uzma, Amjad, Muhammad Bin, Talat, Nabila, Rehman, Wajeeh ur, Saleem, Muhammad, Mirza, Muhammad Bilal, Hashim, Imran, Haider, Naveed, Hameed, Soban, Saleem, Ayesha, Dogar, Sohail, Sharif, Muhammad, Bashir, Muhammad Kashif, Naumeri, Fatima, Rani, Zarqa, Baniowda, Muath A.M., Ba'baa', Basheer, Hassan, Majd Yousef Mohammed, Darwish, Ammar, Sehwiel, Abrar Shaheen, Shehada, Mohammed, Balousha, Abrar ghassan, Ajrami, Yara, Alzamari, Ainaa Ata Mohammad, Yaghi, Bashar, Al-saleem, Hasan Subhi Hasan Abu, Farha, Mervat Sufian Abu, Abdelhafez, Mohammad Omar Mohammad, Anaya, Firas, Qadomi, Asef belal, Odi, Abd Al-Naser Bany, Assi, Muath Abdelrahem Fuad, Sharabati, Fadwa, Abueideh, Ahmad, Beshtawi, Doha mustafa saleh, Arafat, Hasan, Khatatba, Lara Zahi Adel, Abatli, Safa' Jamal, Al-Tammam, Hiba, Jaber, Dania, Kayed, Yara Imad Omar, Abumunshar, Ali Abdelhay, Misk, Rami Anwar, Alzeer, Asmahan Mohammad Suliman, Sharabati, Mutassem, Ghazzawi, Ihsan, Darras, Osama Majed, M.Qabaja, Mahmoud, Hajajreh, Ma'alem sameer, Samarah, Yasmeen Ahmad, Yaghi, Dua Hasan, Qunaibi, Moradallah Asad Fahmi, Mayaleh, Abdelrazzaq Abu, Joubeh, Sharehan, Ebeido, Annan, Adawi, Samer, Adawi, Ihda, Alqor, Mohammad Omar Ibrahim, Arar, Ahmad Samih, Awad, Hadeel, Abu-Nejmah, Fawzi, Shabana, Osaid Shaher, Alqarajeh, Firas, Alzughayyar, Tareq Z., Madieh, Jomana, Sbaih, Mahmoud Fuad, Alkareem, Raghad mohammad abdu, Lahlooh, Raghad abdullateef, Halabi, Yasmeen Adly, Baker, Wisam, Almusleh, Tasneem Fathi Hasan, Tahyneh, Abdulraheem Adnan Abdulraheem, Atatri, Yazid yousef mahmoud, Jamie, Najlaa Abu, Massry, Nasrallah Ashraf Al, Lubbad, Walaa, A.Nemer, Ayoub, Alser, Mohammed, Salha, Aya Azmi Shehda, Alnahhal, Khaled, Elmzyyen, Aya Mahmoud, Ghabayen, Amir Talat Sheda, Alamrain, Abdulwhhab Ayman Abu, Al-Shwaikh, Samar H., Elshaer, Omar Adly, Shaheen, Nureddin, Fares, Jehad, Dalloul, Hisham, Qawwash, Anas, Jayyab, Mustafa abu, Ashour, Dina Ayman, Shaheen, Ahmad Ashraf, Naim, Samy Rafat Ramadan, Shiha, Eman Abu, Dammagh, Nagham Mohammed Al, Almadhoun, Walaa, Al-Salhi, Ashraf Ayman, Hammato, Abdalkarim Yhya, Salim, Jamal Mohammed, Hasanain, Doaa Khalil, Alwadia, Soha Marwan Salem, Nassar, Ismail, Al-Attar, Hala M., Alshaikhkhalil, Haya Abdulnasser Ali, Jamie, Yasmin Mohammed Khalil Abu, Ashour, Yara shareef, Alijla, Sharif S., Tallaa, Mohamed Anwer El, Abuattaya, Adham Ashraf, Wishah, Bisan D.M., ALDIRAWI, MOHAMMED A.M., Darwish, Ahmed S, Alzerei, Sulaiman T., Wishah, Nidal, Alijla, Sharif, Garcia, Isidora, Diaz Echegaray, Marlene, Cañapataña Sahuanay, Veronica Raquel, Trigoso Mori, Fernando, Alvarado Zelada, Jackelyne, Salinas Barreto, Juan Jose, Rivera Altamirano, Porfirio, Torres Miranda, Cesar, Anicama Elias, Rocio, Rivera Alvarez, Julio, Vasquez Matos, Juan Pedro, Ayque Rosas, Fernando, Ledesma Peraza, Jesmarina, Gutarra Palomino, Andrea, Vega Centen, Stephany, Casquero, Victor, Ortiz Argomedo, María Rosa, Lapouble, Francisco, Llap Unchón, Genaro, Delgado Malaga, Florangel Patricia, Ortega Sotelo, Luis, Gamboa Kcomt, Segundo, Villalba Villalba, Araceli, Mendoza Leon, Nancy Rossana, Cardenas Alva, Loreley Raquel, Loo Neyra, Maria Susana, Alanguia Chipana, Cathy Lee, Torres Picón, Cintya Maria de Jesus, Huaytalla Quiroz, Natalia, Dominguez, Danny, Segura Calle, Carlos, Arauco, Jenny, Ormeño Calderón, Luis, Ghilardi Silva, Ximena, Fernandez Wilson, Miriam Daniela, Gutierrez Maldonado, Joan Elizabeth, Diaz Leon, Cesar, Berrocal Anaya, Waldo, Chavez Galvez, Patricia, Aguilar Gargurevich, Prince Pamela, Diaz Castañeda, Flor de Maria, Guisse, Carmen, Ramos Paredes, Erika, Apaza Leon, Jose Luis, Aguilar Aguilar, Faye, Ramirez De La Cruz, Raul, Flores Carbajal, Lenny, Mendoza Chiroque, Carlos, Sulca Cruzado, Gladys Johana, Tovar Gutierrez, Natalia, Sotelo Sanchez, Jennifer, Paz Soldan, Carolina, Hernández Córdova, Karina, Delgado Quinteros, Edgar Fernando, Brito Quevedo, Luz Mery, Mendoza Oviedo, Juan Jose, Samanez Obeso, Angel, Paredes Espinoza, Patricia, de Guzman, Johann, Yu, Raisa, Cosoreanu, Vlad, Ionescu, Sebastian, Mironescu, Aurel, Vida, Lucian, Papa, Adrian, Verdeata, Roxana, Gavrila, Bogdan, Muntean, Liviu, Lukac, Marija, Stojanovic, Miona, Toplicic, Djordje, Slavkovic, Milan, Slavkovi, Andjelka, Zivanovic, Dragoljub, Kostic, Ana, Raicevic, Maja, Nkuliza, Delphine, Sidler, Daniel, Vos, Corné de, Merwe, Elmarie vd, Tasker, David, Khamag, Omar, Rengura, Cecilia, Siyotula, Thozama, Jooma, Uzair, Delft, Dirk von, Arnold, Marion, Mangray, Hansraj, Harilal, Shamaman, Madziba, Sanele, Wijekoon, Naveen, Gamage, Tharanga, Bright, Benedict Paul, Abdulrahman, Alaa, Mohammed, Ola Ahmed Abdulmjeed, Salah, Mohammed, Ajwa, Ahmad Elian Abu, Morjan, Mohammed, Batal, Mohammad Mohannad, Faks, Vivian, Mouti, Mohamad Bassel, Assi, Ahmadfateh, Al-Mouakeh, Ahmad, Tarabishi, Ahmad Sankari, Aljarad, Ziad, Alhamid, Aos, Khorana, Jiraporn, Poocharoen, Wannisa, Liukitithara, Sirima, Sriniworn, Anan, Nuntasunti, Wasun, Ngerncham, Monawat, Phannua, Ratiyaporn, Thaiwatcharamas, Kanokrat, Tanming, Patchareeporn, Sahnoun, Lassaad, Kchiche, Nahla, Abdelmoumen, Roua, Eroğlu, Egemen, Ozen, Mehmet Ali, Cömert, Hatice Sonay Yalçın, İmamoğlu, Mustafa, Sarıhan, Haluk, Kader, Şebnem, Mutlu, Mehmet, Aslan, Yakup, Beşir, Ahmet, Geze, Şükran, Çekiç, Bahanur, Yalcinkaya, Ali, Sönmez, Kaan, Karabulut, Ramazan, Türkyılmaz, Zafer, Şeref, Kıvanç, Altın, Merve, Aykut, Merve, Akan, M.Eren, Erdem, Melisa, Ergenekon, Ebru, Türkyılmaz, Canan, Keleş, Elif, Canözer, Ali, Yeniay, Aslı Öztürk, Eren, Elif, Cesur, İlknur Banlı, Özçelik, Zerrin, Kurt, Gökmen, Mert, Mustafa Kurthan, Kaya, Hatice, Çelik, Müge, Karakus, Suleyman Cuneyt, Erturk, Nazile, Suzen, Alev, Hakan, Nilay, Akova, Fatih, Pasaoglu, Mehmet, Eshkabilov, Shukurali, Yuldashev, Rustam Z., Abdunomonovich, Dekhkonboev Avazjon, Muslimovich, Aliev Makhmudjan, Patel, Azad, Kapihya, Chisengo, Ensar, Nicholas, Nataraja, Ramesh M, Sivasubramaniam, Mithila, Jones, Matthew, Teague, Warwick, Tanny, Sharman Tan, Thomas, Gordon, Roberts, Kiera, Venkatraman, Soundappan Sannappa, Till, Holger, Pigeolet, Manon, Dassonville, Martine, Shikha, Anas, Win, Win Sabai Phyu, Ahmad, Zahidah Adlynee Haji, Meloche-Dumas, Léamarie, Caouette-Laberge, Louise, St-Vil, Dickens, Aspirot, Ann, Piché, Nelson, Joharifard, Shahrzad, Safa, Nadia, Laberge, Jean-Martin, Emil, Sherif, Puligandla, Pramod, Shaw, Kenneth, Wissanji, Hussein, Duggan, Eileen, Guadagno, Elena, Puentes, Maria Consuelo, Leal, Paola Osses, Mendez Benavente, Carolina, Rygl, Michal, Trojanová, Barbora, Berková, Klára, Racková, Tereza, Planka, Ladislav, Škvařil, Jan, Štichhauer, Radek, Sabti, Shahad, Macdonald, Alex, Bouhadiba, Nordeen, Kufeji, Dorothy, Pardy, Caroline, Mccluney, Simon, Keshtgar, Alireza, Roberts, Rebecca, Rhodes, Hannah, Burns, Kate, Garrett-Cox, Robin, Ford, Kat, Cornwall, Hannah, Ravi, Krithi, Arthur, Felicity, Losty, Paul, Lander, Tony, Jester, Ingo, Arul, Suren, Gee, Oliver, Soccorso, Giampiero, Singh, Michael, Pachl, Max, Martin, Benjamin, Alzubair, Afnan, Kelay, Arun, Sutcliffe, Jonathan, Middleton, Thomas, Thomas, Amy Hughes, Kurian, Merina, Cameron, Fraser, Sivaraj, Jayaram, Thomas, Mark C, Rex, Dean, Jones, Ceri, Bradshaw, Kate, Bonnard, Arnaud, Delforge, Xavier, Duchesne, Camille, Gall, Caroline Le, Defert, Coralie, Laraqui Hossini, Samia, Guerin, Florent, Hery, Géraldine, Fouquet-Languillat, Virginie, Kohaut, Jules, Broch, Aline, Blanc, Thomas, Harper, Luke, Delefortrie, Thomas, Ballouhey, Quentin, Fourcade, Laurent, Grosos, Céline, Parmentier, Benoit, Levard, Guillaume, Grella, Maria Giovanna, Renaux Petel, Mariette, Grynberg, Lucie, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Juricic, Mélodie, Scalabre, Aurelien, Haraux, Elodie, Rissmann, Anke, Krause, Hardy, Goebel, Peter, Patzer, Ludwig, Rolle, Udo, Schmedding, Andrea, Antunez-Mora, Alexandra, Tillig, Bernd, Bismarck, Sylvester von, Barbosa, Patricia Reis, Knorr, Christian, Stark, Domitille, Brunero, Marco, Avolio, Luigi, Manni, Francesco, Molinelli, Matilde, Guazzotti, Marinella, Raffaele, Alessandro, Romano, Piero Giovanni, Cavaiuolo, Silvia, Parigi, Gian Battista, Juhasz, Laszlo, Rieth, Anna, Strumila, Arunas, Dagilytė, Rūta, Liubsys, Arunas, Gurskas, Pranas, Malcius, Dalius, Mikneviciute, Agne, Vinskaite, Asta, Barauskas, Vidmantas, Vierboom, Liam, Hall, Timothy, Beasley, Spencer, Goddard, Lucy, Stringer, Mark, Weeratunga, Naveen, Adams, Stephen, Cama, Jitoko, Wong, Marilyn, Jayaratnam, Sridharan, Kukkady, Askar, Samarakkody, Udaya, Gerus, Sylwester, Patkowski, Dariusz, Wolny, Agnieszka, Koszutski, Tomasz, Tobor, Szymon, Osowicka, Marta, Czauderna, Piotr, Wyrzykowski, Dariusz, Garnier, Hanna, Anzelewicz, Stefan, Marta, Osowicka, Knurowska, Agata, Weiszewsk, Alicja, Grabowski, Andrzej, Korlacki, Wojciech, Pasierbek, Michal, Wolak, Przemyslaw, Piotrowska, Aneta, Roszkiewicz, Anna, Kalicińsk, Piotr, Trypens, Agata, Kowalewsk, Grzegorz, Sigalet, David, Alsaied, Amer, Ali, Mansour, Alsaggaf, Ameen, Ghallab, Alaa, Owiwi, Yazeed, Zeinelabdeen, Ali, Fayez, Mohamed, Atta, Ahmed, Zidan, Mazen, Radwan, Asaad saleh, Shalaby, Hanin, Abdelbaqi, Reem, Alattas, Khalid, Kano, Yar, Sindi, Omar, Alshehri, Abdullah, Altokhais, Tariq, Alturki, Fahad, Almosaibli, Mohammad, Krisanova, Dasha, Abbas, Wisam, Yang, Hee-Beom, Kim, Hyun-Young, Youn, Joong Kee, Chung, Jae Hee, Cho, Seok Hyeon, Hwang, In ji, Lee, Ju yeon, Song, Eung song, Arboleda, Jenny, Ruiz de Temiño Bravo, Mercedes, Siles Hinojosa, Alexander, García, Miriam, Casal Beloy, Isabel, Oliu San Miguel, Detlef, Molina Vazquez, Maria Elena, Alonso, Verónica, Sanchez, Alberto, Gomez, Oscar, Carrillo, Isabel, Wester, Tomas, Mesas Burgos, Carmen, Salö, Martin, Omling, Erik, Rudolfson, Niclas, Granéli, Christina, Arnadóttir, Helena, Grottling, Emma, Abrahamsson, Kate, Gatzinsky, Vladimir, Dellenmark Blom, Michaela, Borbonet, Daniel, Puglia, Paul, Jimenez Morejon, Vinicio, Acuna, Gaston, Moraes, Mario, Chan, Jonathan, Brahmamdam, Pavan, Tom, Alan, Sherer, Karen, Gonzales, Brandy, Cunningham, Aaron, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Baertschiger, Reto, Leech, Mary, Williams, Regan, Camp, Lauren, Gosain, Ankush, Mora, Maria, Lyttle, Bailey D., Chang, Jeremy, McColl Makepeace, Lydia, Fowler, Kathryn L, Mansfield, Sara, Hodgman, Erica, Amaechi, Chukwubinyelum, Beres, Alana, Pernik, Mark N., Dosselman, Luke J., Almasri, Murad, Jain, Sunil, Modi, Varun, Fernandez Ferrer, Marianelly, Coon, John, Gonzalez, Joann, Honhar, Medhavi, Ruzgar, Nensi, Coghill, Griffin, Ullrich, Sarah, Cheung, Maija, Løfberg, Katrine, Greenberg, Jodie, Davenport, Kate, Gadepalli, Samir, Fox, Sarah, Johnson, Stephanie, Pilkington, Mercedes, Hamilton, April, Lin, Nicole, Sola, Juan, Yao, Yang, Davis, Jenna Kylene, Langer, Monica, Vacek, Jonathan, Abdullah, Fizan, Khlevner, Julie, Middlesworth, William, Levitt, Marc, Ahmad, Hira, Siddiqui, Sabina M, Bowder, Alex, Derks, Terry, Amoabin, Afua Amoabin, Pinar, Brooke, Owusu-Sekyere, Frank, Saousen, Benmanseur, Naidoo, Rasika, Karamustafic, Azra, Oliveira, Danielle Paula de, Motter, Sarah Bueno, Andrade, Jerhy, Šafus, Antonín, Langley, Jason, Wilke, Alexandra, Deya, Corazone, Murtadi, Habib Mansour, Berzanskis, Mindaugas, Calistus, Nwachukwu, Ajiboye, Olalekan S., Felix, Michael, Olabisi, Osagie O, Erçin, Seçil, Muradi, Teymursha, Burks, Stephen S., Lerma, Sergio, Jacobson, Jillian, Calancea, Calin, Valerio-Vazquez, Rafael, Sikwete, Guigui, Sekyere, Owusu, Mbonisweni, Akhona, Syed, Shahnoor, Hyeon, Cho Seok, Pajouhandeh, Fatemeh, and Kunfah, Sheba Mary Pognaa

Published
2021
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11. Determination of the Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater and its Potential Health Risk for Drinking in Oromia, Ethiopia

Author

Binyam Gintamo, Mohammed Azhar Khan, Henok Gulilat, Rakesh Kumar Shukla, and Zeleke Mekonnen

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical quality of groundwater and its potential health risk for drinking in Oromia, Ethiopia. The groundwater samples were collected from 17 sampling stations in the dry and wet season in the Sebeta zone, Oromia, from March to August 2020. Metals and physicochemical parameters, and selected heavy metals, such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) were monitored. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods (Pearson’s Correlation and T-test). The means seasonal variations were higher in the dry season than in the wet season except for pH and Turbidity. The variation was significant for most parameters except Pb, Zn, chlorine, Total Alkaline, Magnesium Hardness, Calcium Hardness ), and Turbidity. There was a strong and positive correlation between Total dissolved solids (TDS) and Conductivity), (pH and Cr), (T.H. and Magnesium (Mg)), (bicarbonate and Calcium (Ca), (Zn and Turbidity) in the dry season; and (T.H. with Potassium (K), (Pb and Fe); (bicarbonate and T.H.); (Ca and Mg); (Na and T.A.,) in the wet season. The hazard index (H.I.) values in the dry season (HI = 1.331) were higher than in the wet season (HI adults = 0.075). Likewise, the H.I. (dry season) was higher (HI children = 1.861) than in the wet season (HI children = 0.105). Chronic groundwater exposure at drinking sources in the dry season is a potential health risk to humans in general and is relatively high for children. Urgent management and close monitoring are required for drinking groundwater sources and other nearby residents’ safety areas.

Published
2022
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12. Low-energy assisted sodium alginate stabilized Phyllanthus niruri extract nanoemulsion: Characterization, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial application

Author

Ruhi Pathania, Agnieszka Najda, Prince Chawla, Ravinder Kaushik, and Mohammed Azhar Khan

Subjects
Nanoemulsion, Sodium alginate, Phyllanthus niruri, Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

In this study, we formulated an oil-in-water nanoemulsion of Citrullus lanatus seed oil in the presence of Phyllanthus niruri methanolic extract using a delivery system based on sodium alginate. The control nanoemulsion was prepared without plant extract and the nanoemulsion loaded with extract was further characterized based on their size, polydispersity index, morphology, and stability. The nanoemulsion showed an average droplet size of about 192 nm, with a polydisperse droplet size with a spherical shape and the zeta potential of -15.0 mV and -18.4 mV. In contrast to the control nanoemulsion, the drug release rate of the nanoemulsion formulation was found to be significant (p

Published
2022
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14. Do the existing systemic diseases overstate anaesthetic intervention during cataract surgery under local anaesthesia? An observational study to correlate the association

Author

Afroz S Khan, Vaijayanti N Gadre, Usha R Badole, Manoj D Gilvarkar, and Mohammed Azhar Quazi

Subjects
anaesthetic intervention, cataract, systemic comorbidities, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Context: The objective was to study the extent of anaesthetic intervention and its association with systemic comorbidities. The secondary objectives were to estimate the prevalence of systemic comorbidities in age-related cataracts. Aims: To determine the prevalence of systemic comorbidities in cataract surgery patients and association with anaesthesiologists' intervention. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study. Methods and Materials: The study was done inatertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months. Adult and consenting patients were included and those having sensitivity or toxic reaction to local anaesthetics, uncooperative, and paediatric patients were excluded. Statistical Analysis: The sample size (717) was calculated according to the formula for the finite population.The total number of patients suffering from comorbidities, adverse events during surgery, and events attended by an anesthesiologist with percentages were calculated. Results: Of the 717 patients studied, comorbidities were associated with 385 (53.69%) patients; among which hypertension was most frequent and found in 174 (20.30%). As much as 113 (15.72%) patients had adverse events during surgery and required intervention by the attending anaesthesiologist in which 26 (15.72%) patients required drug administration for stabilization of condition of the patient. Conclusions: From this study, we conclude that there is a correlation between prevalent comorbidities and active intervention by the attending anaesthesiologist in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Published
2020
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17. Community and Informal Care Providers at the Heart of Universal Health Coverage in sub-Saharan Africa: A Position Paper

Author

Ephraim Kisangala, Etheldreda Leinyuy Mbivnjo, Bernard Ojiambo Okeah, and Mohammed Azhar Khan

Subjects
Community Health Workers, Informal Caregivers, Universal Health Coverage, sub-Saharan Africa, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Globally, increased demand on often scarce healthcare resources and those challenges incumbent in responding to the coexistence of infectious and non-communicable diseases warrant the need to address persistent health inequities. Understanding the complex intersectionality of vulnerability and reaching those in most critical need of healthcare lies at the heart of fostering and sustaining resilient healthcare systems. Harnessing the long-recognised value of Community and Informal Care Providers (CICPs) is instrumental to Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The present COVID-19 context serves as a poignant example of where access to formal healthcare services by many has become increasingly difficult. Here, the value of informal or volunteer-led health services has been a lifeline for many. For several decades, formal reportage has evidenced the established role of CICPs, particularly across Sub-Saharan Africa with quantifiable efficacy across a number of domains, such as, maternal and child health, neglected tropical disease prevention, tuberculosis care and malaria control. CICPs have been sustainable and effective as a conduit between the formal and informal health sectors, and between health facilities and the remotest of communities. Maximising the function of CICPs relies on socio-culturally, geographically sensitive, and bespoke support; psychosocial, practical, and logistical capacitation coupled with situationally and culturally appropriate monitoring and evaluation. The Astana Declaration highlights the centrality of building on existing knowledge, insight and resource. We therefore argue that CICPs are indispensable in Africa’s move towards UHC, and hold promise for acceptable, accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare to everyone who needs to get, be and stay healthy. Source of funding: The WHO African Regional Office and Hidayo Noguchi African Prize (HNAP) for Medical Services sponsored the processing fee for this article. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest. Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the mentorship of Professor Margaret Gyapong, Director of the Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana. Authors’ contributions: EK contributed to the body of the essay and managed correspondences with the mentor and WHO African Regional Office; ELM wrote the outline, abstract and introduction of the essay; BOO made contributions to the body of the essay, wrote the conclusion and compiled the first complete draft; and MAK contributed to the body of the essay.

Published
2021
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18. Evaluation of Remineralizing Capacity of Tricalcium Phosphate, Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Ozone Remineralizing Agents on the Artificial Carious Lesion.

Author

Shah, Shahzad Ali, Sharma, Mehak, Syed Ismail, Prabu Mahin, Babaji, Prashant, Mohammed, Azhar, Malik, Bhavna, and Mandal, Ananyo

Subjects
TOOTH demineralization, DENTAL caries, OZONE, VICKERS hardness, DEIONIZATION of water, PHOSPHATES, MICROHARDNESS
Abstract

Background: Dental caries is a dynamic process. By using therapeutic agents, early, noncavitated lesions and caries limited to the enamel can be stopped or even remineralized. For the remineralization of the initial carious lesion, many nonfluoridated remineralizing agents were investigated. Objectives: An observational study to assess the remineralizing efficacy of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and ozone remineralizing agents on the artificial carious lesion. Methodology: In this observational research, the artificial carious lesion was produced on extracted 40 premolar teeth. Later, remineralizing agents (Group A: nHAp, Group B: TCP, Group C: Ozone remineralizing agents, Group D: Control group (Deionized water) were used to remineralize demineralized teeth. Utilizing the Vickers Hardness Number, the level of demineralization and remineralization was assessed. Later these readings were statistically assessed using the Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) and ANOVA tests in SPSS version 21.0. The P value was set at 0.05 or less. Results: After demineralization, there was a decrease in enamel microhardness values, with 32% in Group A, 26% in Group B, 22% in Group C, and 21% in Group D, respectively. From the baseline to demineralization, there was a statistically significant decrease in microhardness across all groups. After remineralization, Groups A, B, and C experienced an increase in microhardness while Group D experienced no changes. This showed that Group A had the highest remineralization percentage, followed by Group B and Group C. Conclusion: nHAp and TCP had the greater remineralizing ability, which can be used to manage initial carious lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Formulation and Characterization of Gum Arabic Stabilized Red Rice Extract Nanoemulsion

Author

Aarti Bains, Agnieszka Najda, Prince Chawla, Joanna Klepacka, Sanju Bala Dhull, Pardeep Kumar Sadh, Mohammed Azhar Khan, and Ravinder Kaushik

Subjects
nanoemulsion, Oryza sativa L., anti-inflammatory, zeta potential, gum arabic, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Interest in the utilization of plant-based bioactive compounds in foods has increased due to their biochemical activities and as alternatives in the reduction of high concentrations of chemical utilization. However, some of these additives are hydrophobic, thus being harder to disperse into the hydrophilic food matrix. Therefore, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (RRE1-RRE10) was formulated with different concentrations of red rice extract (1–10% w/v). Nanoemulsion showed droplet sizes within the range of 157.33–229.71 nm and the best formulation (RRE5) was selected based on the creaming index which was stable to flocculation over a range of temperatures (30–90 °C), pH (2–9), and salt concentration (100–600 mM). It showed significantly improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity as compared to its other counterparts. Potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was attributed to RRE5 nanoemulsion as compared to Escherichia coli. Therefore, due to the potential bioactivity of RRE5 nanoemulsion, it can be scaled up at the industrial level.

Published
2022
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20. ASSESSMENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL – A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Author

AISHWARYA DINAKARAN, PENAKALAPATI SAILAJA RAO, QURRATUL AIN KHANAM, SANA SULTAN, UMAIMA FATHIMA, and MOHAMMED AZHAR UDDIN

Subjects
Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract

Objective: The present study was taken up to assess the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) based on the spontaneous reactions among the inpatients who were hospitalized for the treatment of cardiac ailments. Methods: A prospective and observational study was done in the department of cardiology for a period of 6 months. Patients on cardiac drug therapy were evaluated to detect unwanted effects and were given treatment for the developed complications. The ADRs were identified, followed up, and documented. Results: In the present study, 255 inpatients were assessed to pinpoint the negative effects and about 80 (n=80) sufferers were recognized with 28 types of ADRs. The highest percentage of ADRs was in adults of age group 60–70 years. Type A accounted for most of the reports which was based on severity. The number of ADRs in heart muscle disorders was found to be 44% (n=35) followed by coronary artery disease 40% (n=32), then heart valve disorders and patients underwent surgery were affiliated to 8% (n=6) each. The highest number of ADRs was reported in patients suffered from disorders pertained to heart muscle. Majority of ADRs were rated as possible, preventable, and moderate according to causality, preventability, and severity parameters, respectively. The data were tabulated, analyzed, and subjected to statistics using Graph Pad Prism 8. Conclusion: It was concluded that proper management and monitoring of drug therapy are the key to prevent ADRs.

Published
2022

25. Design and Implementation of Retail Store Object Detection Using YOLO

Author

Firaas Ahmed Nizar, Fozan Mohammed Azhar, Ayaanulla Khan, Inamul Hasan, and Prof. Madhusmita, B.

Subjects
Object Detection, YOLOv8 Model Selection, Custom Dataset Creation, Application Development and IoT Integration
Abstract

Object Detection is a core computer-vision technique that detects the presence and location of an object in an image or in a sequence of images (video). Once an instance has been detected, it assigns a unique identification to it. It also has the ability to derive further information complimenting the object. Object Tracking is a machine learning technique that is highly sought after in the industrial sector to automate most of their processes and thus reduce labor. Object detection techniques have been developed rapidly for many different applications and these detection techniques can be implemented in a super-market environment to avoid the negatives of a traditional shopping experience. Our proposed system is an advanced modular shopping infrastructure that provides Stores with a frictionless shopping experience., {"references":["1. Ross Girshick, Jeff Donahue, Trevor Darrell, Jitendra Malik, (2015), Rich feature hierarchies for accurateobject detection and semantic segmentation http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.2524,doi:arXiv:1 311.2524.","2.\tRen, Shaoqing and He, Kaiming and Girshick, Ross and Sun, Jian,2015, Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1 506.01497, doi:10.48550/ARXIV.1506.01497I.","3.\tCao, Danyang et al. \"An improved object detection algorithm based on multi-scaledand deformableconvolutional neural networks.\" Humancentric Computing and Information Sciences 10 (2020): 1-m 22.DOI:10.1186/s13673-020-00219-9","4.\tJ. Redmon, S. Divvala, R. Girshick and A. Farhadi, \"You Only Look Once: Unified,Real-Time ObjectDetection,\" 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2016, pp. 779- 788,doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2016.91.","5.\tWang, Chien-Yao and Bochkovskiy, Alexey and Liao, Hong-Yuan Mark (2022), YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of- freebies sets new state-of the-art for real- time object detectors, doi : 10.48550","6.\tWei Liu, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Christian Szegedy, ScottE. Reed, Cheng-Yang Fu, &Alexander C. Berg (2015).\" SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector\". CoRR, abs/1512.02325.","7.\tKrizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2012). ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. In F. Pereira, C. J. Burges, L. Bottou, & K. Q. Weinberger (Eds.), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 25). Retrieved From https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/201 2/file/c399862d3b9d6b76c846e924a68c45b-Paper.pdf","8.\tSimonyan, Karen and Zisserman, Andrew,2014,\"Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition\", arXiv,10.48550/ARXIV.1409.1556,https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556","9.\tHe, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2015). Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition. CoRR, abs/1512.03385. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385","10.\tLin, Min and Chen, Qiang and Yan,Shuicheng, \"Network In Network\",arXiv(2013),10.48550/ARXIV.1312.4400, Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.4400."]}

Published
2023
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27. Exploring Social Contagion in Open-Source Communities by Mining Software Repositories

Author

Shoroye, Zakariyah, Yaqub, Waheeb, Mohammed, Azhar Ahmed, Aung, Zeyar, Svetinovic, Davor, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Arik, Sabri, editor, Huang, Tingwen, editor, Lai, Weng Kin, editor, and Liu, Qingshan, editor

Published
2015
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31. Herbal medicine induced Steven Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report

Author

Mohammed Azhar Hussain, Kamali GB, Syed Mohammed Hussaini, Kiran Jadhav, and Vinod Naik

Subjects
Steven Johnson syndrome, Herbal drugs, Drug-induced reaction, Rashes, Skin lesion, Case report, adverse drug reaction, treatment, SJS, TEN
Abstract

Steven Johnson syndrome is a severe and potentially lethal disease due to an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction involving mucous membranes and skin. Steven Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening diseases characterized by the detachment of skin and mucous membranes. It has been a common belief that herbal drugs do not cause such as much as side effects and toxicities as pure chemicals. Recently, SJS associated with herbal medicine has been reported. This paper aims to report a case of SJS marked with skin manifestations following the use of herbal drugs for the treatment of Alcohol withdrawal and Jaundice. A 28 years male old patient was admitted with complaints of Fever, Vomiting, and Rashes over the body. The patient had received herbal drugs for the treatment of Jaundice and Alcohol dependence. Herbal medicine still plays an important role in the Indian Healthcare system as it is one of the most ancient treatment systems in the Indian Healthcare system. Further studies may require to evaluate the characteristics of the general population and to identify any predisposing factors to SJS as recommended. Keywords: Steven Johnson syndrome, Herbal drugs, Drug-induced reaction, Rashes, Skin lesion, Case report, adverse drug reaction, treatment, SJS, TEN.

Published
2023
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36. In silico Approach for Exploring the Role of AT1R Polymorphism on its Function, Structure and Drug Interactions

Author

Bhanu Sharma, Mohammed Azhar Khan, and Varun Jaiswal

Subjects
In silico, Wild type, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, General Medicine, Computational biology, Drug interaction, Biology, Angiotensin II, Drug Discovery, medicine, Molecular Medicine, SNP, Telmisartan, Receptor, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: AT1R (Angiotensin II type 1 receptor) is the main component of RAS (renin-angiotensin system) system which activates when ANG II (angiotensin II) binds to it. AT1R helps in maintaining osmotic homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. A huge number of polymorphism is associated with AT1R and few of them were studied and found to be associated with the diseases and drug efficacy. Although it is very important receptor but most of the polymorphisms (SNPs) were not studied for their implications in diseases. Huge number of polymorphisms is reported in the databases for AT1R which provide an avenue to explore these polymorphisms for their implications in protein structure, function and drug efficacy. Methods: In the current study all the SNPs (10234) reported in NCBI were analyzed and SNPs which were important in protein structure and drug interactions were identified. Structures of these polymorphic forms were modeled and in silico drug interaction studies were carried out. Results: Result of the interaction studies with polymorphism was in correlation with the reported case. Two SNP mutated structures of AT1R i.e. rs780860717 (G288T), rs868647200 (A182C) shows considerably less binding affinities in case of all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). As a result these polymorphisms may show less efficacy toward these ARBs. The other mutated structures rs12721226 (A163G), rs749234826 (A292G), rs775810028 (A87G) shows increased binding affinities in case of Eprosartan and most of the mutated structures shows increased binding affinity toward Telmisartan than the wild type AT1R. Similarly, these polymorphisms may show increased efficacy in case of these two ARBs. Conclusion: The outcome of the study will help in designing better drugs in near future with broader spectrum. Furthermore in vitro and in vivo studies can be designed according to current results.

Published
2021

37. Digital Transformation Drives Reduction of the Inactive Strings Count. A Success Story in a Major National Oil Company

Author

Warda Awadh Al Braiki, Rayner Samuel Davila, Adriana Del Carmen Molina, Mohammed Azhar, Zayed Iqbal Shaik, Afra Saeed Alyaqoubi, and Haitham Alaa Eldin

Abstract

This paper demonstrates a successful case story of how harnessing digitalization has significantly improved the Management of Inactive wells. An integrated web-based application was developed in house and fully deployed across the Company. It has demonstrated an immense added value by bringing key stakeholders in an automated and collaborative environment to standardize and improve the existing well reactivation cycle and mitigating well & facilities integrity threats. Inactive Strings Management System (ISMS) is tailored made for multiple disciplines such as production, petroleum, well integrity, facilities and reservoir engineers, as well as Corporate Units and Management, all connected through standards automated workflows. The new solution is composed by 13 main modules that covers the whole well reactivation cycle: a) Data Entry b)Validation, c) Endorsement, d) Live Well Inventory, e) Tracking and Monitoring, f) Well Problem & Status, g) Dashboards, h) Well history, i) Well Prioritization, j) Manager Approval, and k) Level 2 KPI's. 1) Managing Problematics Wells, and m) Project Related. The Inactive String Management Tool has proved to be vastly beneficial. Since its implementation in December 2021, it has successfully supported the reactivation of around 810 strings, and monitoring over 4800 operating strings, with an associated cumulative oil rate gain of 490,000 barrels, translated into a profit of around $23 MM (USD), and shortened the well reactivation cycle by 20%. The solution had led to major improvements on the current business and system processes by addressing major challenges including data integrity issues, lack of automation, systems integration, poor tracking of well reactivation actions, and most importantly, absence of a systematic approach to prompt multidisciplinary well revision by having a unique planform to manage the inactive strings, thru standardization of best practices and lessons learned across Assets. It has increased the well problem visibility and accountability of key stakeholders to firm, maturate and accelerate well reactivation actions in an automated and collaborative environment, reducing silos, ensuring alignment, sharing knowledge and information more effectively. Improved resources planning and production gain without jeopardizing well and facilities integrity. This solution is part of the Oil and Gas 4.0 company digital transformation strategy, encourages collaboration across departments, fostering a digital culture to rapidly react to business changes. It has laid down the foundation to sustain growth and a competitive edge in the digital age by applying deeper and more targeted analytics that enable better business decision-making, such as predictive analytics, artificial intelligence, and business process management.

Published
2022

44. A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study on the Implementation of the IMNCI Program in Public Health Centers of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Author

Mohammed Azhar Khan, Tabarak Malik, Binyam Gintamo, Zeleke Mekonnen, Henok Gulilat, and Rakesh Kumar Shukla

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Under-five, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Public health, Pharmacy, healthcare provider, southern Ethiopia, Interview guide, practice, Checklist, Child health, IMNCI, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Family medicine, Medicine, Hadiya zone, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Foot (unit), Original Research
Abstract

Binyam Gintamo,1 Mohammed Azhar Khan,1 Henok Gulilat,1 Zeleke Mekonnen,2 Rakesh Kumar Shukla,1 Tabarak Malik3 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Bajhol, HP, India; 2School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 3Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tabarak Malik Email malikitrc@gmail.comBackground: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) is one of the child health programs and it provides an integrated approach and focuses on the well-being of the whole child. Globally, nearly nine million children pass away every year with preventable and treatable conditions. IMNCI program is provided by the health facilities to aid children under five years of age from illness. This study is aimed at assessing the implementation of the IMNCI program in public health centers of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: The implementation of the IMNCI program was studied using a facility-based cross-sectional study design integrating both qualitative and quantitative data collected from 9 public health centers in Soro district, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 390 (92%) caregivers were included in the study by the proportion of under-five outpatient coverage from each public health center. Data were collected through face to face interviewer-administered questionnaires, document review checklist, observation checklist, and in-depth interview guide.Results: Based on agreed criteria resources’ availability was 80.11% and judged as fair. Less than 50% of health centers (HCs) had cotrimoxazole and gentamycin. The compliance of health workers was 85.5% and judged as good. Below 85% of prescribed drugs were given correctly for the classified disease. Counseling on medication and follow updates were given for less than 80% of caretakers. The overall satisfaction of clients on IMNCI was 79.5% according to the judging criteria. The caretakers who took less than 30 minutes to reach the health center on foot (AOR=7.7, 95% CI [3.787– 15.593]), caretakers who waited for less than 30 minutes to see the health care provider (AOR=2, 95% CI [1.00– 3.77]), the caretakers who found prescribed drugs in HCs pharmacy (AOR = 3.7,95% CI [1.91– 7.34]), the caretakers who have less than four family size (AOR=2, 95% [1.109– 4.061]) were more satisfied in IMNCI services, whereas, caregivers who measured the weight of child were negatively associated with satisfaction (AOR= 0.24, 95% CI [0.13– 0.45]).Conclusion: This study found that the overall implementation of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses was good. All health centers had trained health workers, ORS, paracetamol, vitamin A, chart booklet, and IMNCI guidelines were available; however, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, ampicillin, and mebendazole were less abundant drugs in health centers. Further, a large-scale study is required to be conducted in future in other districts to ensure proper implementation of the IMNCI program in Ethiopia.Keywords: IMNCI, healthcare provider, practice, Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia

Published
2020

45. GC-MS Characterization, In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Potential Antidermatophytic Activity of Citrullus lanatus Seed Oil

Author

Prince Chawla, Ravinder Kaushik, Mohammed Azhar Khan, Abhishek Sharma, and Ruhi Pathania

Subjects
Pharmacology, Antioxidant, Citrullus lanatus, biology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, biology.organism_classification, In vitro, Anti-inflammatory, Infectious Diseases, medicine, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Abstract

Background: Dermatophytes are well-known fungus having the capability to invade kerat-inized tissues of nails, skin, and hair, of humans and other animals, causing dermatophytosis. Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seed is a rich source of vitamin E, essential fatty acids, and minerals, bearing var-ious health benefits. Despite the presence of many useful components, the oil is not much explored. Accordingly, the study was planned to investigate the fatty acid profiling, in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential antidermatophytic activity of Citrullus lanatus seed oil against dermato-phytic strains. Methods: The C. lanatus oil was extracted from seeds, and fatty acid profiling was characterized by GC-MS. Further, the oil was subjected to DPPH scavenging activity, and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated from Bovine serum albumin assay. The antidermatophytic screening against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was carried out by agar well diffusion, broth microdilution assay, and growth kinetics assay. Results: The C. lanatus seed oil exhibited good antioxidant activity close to ascorbic acid, i.e., IC50- 52.22 μg/ml, 35.72 μg/ml, respectively, and the oil exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory ac-tivity (315.2 μg/ml) as that of the standard drug diclofenac sodium (174.3μg/ml). The fatty acid profiling indicates the presence of eight main compounds, out of which ç-tocopherol, butylated hy-droxytoluene, and hexadecanoic acid are predominantly present. The C. lanatus seed oil showed promising activity against T. rubrum with a lower minimum inhibitory concentration value with re-spect to positive controls, Fluconazole and Ketoconazole. The oil also had a strong effect on time-dependent kinetic inhibition against T. rubrum. This was the first report of C. lanatus seed oil against any dermatophyte. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study supports the exploitation of C. lanatus seed oil and its main compounds as a source of natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and as a novel agent against dermatophytes for curing superficial fungal infections in the near future.

Published
2022

46. The Role of Community Health Workers in Oral Health Promotion and the Impact of their services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Author

Ephraim Kisangala, Bernard Ojiambo Okeah, Etheldreda Leinyuy Mbivnjo, Aaron W Pritchard, and Mohammed Azhar Khan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Years of potential life lost, Referral, business.industry, Family medicine, Public health, Health care, medicine, MEDLINE, CINAHL, business, Oral hygiene, Tertiary Prevention
Abstract

Oral ailments are largely preventable but remain a significant public health concern afflicting nearly half the global population. These conditions account for 220 years of life lost per 100,000 people and about US$500 billion in health-related expenditures. Sub-Saharan Africa bears a significant burden of oral health problems thus exerting additional pressure on the scarce human resources for health. Community healthcare workers (CHWs) could be potentially utilised to bridge the shortage of oral health professionals in sub-Saharan Africa, hence, this systematic review that seeks to explore their current roles in oral health and potential impact on general physical health. This review follows the PRISMA guidelines and databases searched include PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and CINAHL published between January 2010 and December 2019. Nine studies met the study eligibility criteria. This review established that CHWs perform variable roles cutting across primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention including providing oral hygiene education, recognising common pathologies, and treating oral lesions, administration of tooth extractions, dental pain management, and referral for advanced care. Although this could potentially improve oral health, our review did not establish the extent of the specific impact on general physical health of patients and the burden of oral condition.

Published
2022

47. A comparative evaluation of nickel‑titanium wires and clear aligners in the management of mandibular incisor crowding.

Author

W., Ashutosh, Verghese, Yohan, Mohammed, Azhar, Devanna, Raghu, Bhardwaj, Rishibha, Sahu, Anshu, and Babaji, Prashant

Subjects
NICKEL, MALOCCLUSION, TITANIUM, MANDIBULAR joint, INCISORS
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To compare nickel‑titanium (NiTi) wires and clear aligners in the management of mandibular incisor crowding. METHODS: Seventy‑two participants were arbitrarily alienated into two groups with 36 samples in each. Group I participants were treated with NiTi arch wires and group II participants with clear aligners. Malocclusion was evaluated using Little’s irregularity index. A questionnaire was applied to record the discomfort levels. Patients were recalled regularly at four weeks, eight weeks, and twelve weeks. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean score was 2.91 mm and 2.72 mm; at 4 weeks, it was 1.64 mm and1.48 mm; at 8 weeks, it was 0.98 mm and1.0 mm; and at 12 weeks, it was 0.68 mm and 0.52 mm in groups I and II, respectively. The mean change in Little’s irregularity index score at 4 weeks was 1.27 mm and 1.24 mm; at 8 weeks, it was 0.66 mm and 0.48 mm; and at 12 weeks, it was 0.30 mm and 0.48 mm in groups I and II, respectively. The disparity was not‑considerable (p > 0.05). The mean discomfort score at baseline was 2.8 and 2.5; at 4 weeks, it was 2.4 and 2.0; at 8 weeks, it was 1.8 and 1.4; and at 12 weeks, it was 1.3 and 1.0 for groups I and II correspondingly. The disparity was non‑significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: From the present study, it was found that both NiTi wires and clear aligners were equally effective in managing mandibular anterior crowding cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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