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An investigation was conducted to analyze the impact of incorporating coal powder particles at different weight ratios (5, 10, 15, 25, and 35) on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity coefficient of the polyurethane polymer. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the samples was calculated using Holmarc's Lee's Disc apparatus device. The mechanical properties like compressive, tensile, and bending strengths were measured using a universal machine. The results indicated that increasing the coal powder ratio leads to an improvement in the thermal insulation ability due to a decrease in the value of thermal conductivity. Also, the addition of these percentages led to a rise in the values of the mechanical qualities represented by the compressive strength, especially at the ratio of 25 wt. %, with a value equal to 2.79 MPa (MPa). The flexural resistance and tensile strength increase at a ratio of 35 wt. %, with values equal to 20.4 MPa and 2.86 MPa respectively. The results indicate that the addition of coal powder enhances the ability of thermal conductivity at the ratios (5 %, 10) wt. %, with values equal to 0.119 W/m °C and 0.114 W/m °C, respectively, by increasing the thermal conductivities of the samples. The aim of this study is, investigate the effect of filler used coal powder waste on the mechanical and thermal properties of PU. The filler materials show the advantages of recycling waste. Filler influences the morphology and strengthens the brittleness. Additionally, the technology of polyurethane materials conforms to the use of coal powder. The overall amount of energy used to produce PU composites is decreased when waste of filler is used to partially replace petrochemical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study provides the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in blood profile and pathological changes of liver albino in male rats, the aims of present study were detected the influence of TCDD in the male rats, the present study was include (118 albino male rats) divided into three groups, their age ranged from 8-9 week, the LD50 of TCDD (70.7 μg /kg) and the period of this study 90 days. The hematological examination showed increased in WBCs while decreased in RBCs, Hb., platelets in 2nd & 3rd group, the pathological examination revealed in 2nd & 3rd group in liver enlargement and pale in color, the histopathological changes in liver showed extensive necrosis, cirrhosis, dilation in sinusoid, increased cellularity, granulomatous reaction and sever infiltration of inflammatory cells, acute cellular swelling with mild sinusoid and infiltration of neutrophils, moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells, sinusoid dilation with extensive hemorrhage, fibroblast cells aggregation with midzone areas of necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in biochemical and pathological changes of kidney albino in male rats, the aims of present study were detected the influence of TCDD in the male rats, the present study was include (118 albino male rats) divided into three groups, their age ranged from 8-9 week, the LD50 of TCDD (70.7 µg/kg) and the period of this study 90 days. The biochemical assay showed decreased in reduced glutathione, Catalase & increased in Malon di-aldehyde in 2nd & 3rd group. The pathological examination revealed in 2nd & 3rd group in kidney acute tubular necrosis of renal tubules characterized by dark acidophilic cytoplasm & destructive nuclei & most epithelium lining were sloughed in lumen, interstitial hemorrhage with mild mononuclear infiltration, severe mononuclear cells interstitial infiltration with degeneration & necrosis of tubules, acidophilic homogenous amorphous irregular granuloma present in the interstitial layer with caseous necrosis & surrounded by foreign body giant cells, mild fibrous tissue capsule & all tubules are degenerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was the first of its kind in Iraq, which aims to assess the risk of Durah power plant ash concentrations in hematological and biochemical changes of common carp. The result shows that the mean RBC value was from 1.3±0.015 to 0.93±1.54 was recorded in a group of 0.5 and 3ppt after two-six weeks of exposure, respectively. In contrast, the mean Hb value were from 10+0.26 to 6+0.11g/dl was recorded in blood sample exposed to 0.5and3ppt after two-six weeks of exposure, respectively. Regarding to PCV was decreased from 30%±0.54 to 18%±0.74 at the end of 45th days of exposure in treated group as compared to control group. Moving to WBCs increased from 10.87±0.31mm³ in 0.5ppt to 20.4±0.14mm³ at the 3ppt concentration after six weeks of exposure period. Turning now to activity of liver enzymes the results of SGPT value were from72±1.665 to126±0.48U/L was recorded in blood sample exposed to 0.5 and 3ppt after two-six weeks, respectively. All these data were higher than control group. However the mean SGOT values were from 274±13.52 to397±18.42 U/L was recorded in blood fish exposed to 0.5 and 3ppt after two-six weeks, respectively.Our study concluded that presence of toxic ash in aquatic environment may produce systemic toxic effects and reveal the changes in blood cells count of fish also pose hazardous alternations in biochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The estimating of ash toxicity collected from Durah power plant (DPP) which is located in Baghdad Governorate was done by exposed cladoceran Simocephalus vetulus to different ash concentrations. Thus, the first of its kind study by assessing the toxic effect of these effluents in the selected laboratory individual's food chain. The acute toxicity test of ash was assessed by LC50 and mortality percentage. LC50 of ash on S. vetulus were 0.14, 0.11 and 0.1 ppt during 24, 48 and 72 hr., respectively. On the other hand, it was shown that increasing the concentrations of ash leads to an increase mortality percentage. It was observed that the maximum mortality percentage (LC100) when exposed to 0.2 and 0.19 ppt at 24 hr. of exposing. On the other hand, the minimum mortality percentages were 0% (LC0) when exposed to 0.1 ppt at 24 hr., this percentage increased to 43% and 56% after 48 and 72 hr., respectively. Also, some obvious changes were observed in the animal behavior, such as slowness at first, then settle on the bottom of the beakers with stopped the antenna and thoracic appendages followed by a weak in a heartbeat. It was shown that the ash concentrations result in inhibiting the survival and increased the mortality percentage, this may be related with the presence of the toxic constituents in ash and change in pH level which was caused a harmful effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the optical properties of a TiO2 photocatalyst were enhanced with various impregnations of Er3+ and Ni2+ separately, using the impregnation method as photocatalysts for the direct solar photolysis degradation of chloroxylenol. The synthesized Er3+/TiO2 and Ni2+/TiO2 catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), metal mapping, and ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The results showed that the Er3+/TiO2 and Ni2+/TiO2 nano-particles have the same structures of TiO2 nano-particles with little difference in particle size. The Er3+ and Ni2+ ions were well-distributed on the TiO2 surface, and it was found that the maximum band gap decreased from 3.13 eV for intrinsic TiO2 to 2.63 eV at 1.8 wt % Er3+/TiO2 and to 2.47 eV at 0.6 wt % for Ni2+/TiO2. The initial concentration of chloroxylenol, catalyst loading, and pH of the solution are the most important factors affecting the solar photocatalytic degradation efficiency that were optimized using Design Expert software (version 6.0.10, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2003). The results showed that the optimal conditions for chloroxylenol degradation include a pH of 4, TiO2 loading at 3 g/L, and a chloroxylenol concentration of 50 mg/L. These conditions resulted in a degradation efficiency of 90.40% after 60 min of direct solar irradiation, wherein the solar energy recorded during a clear sunny day is 1000 W/m2. However, some experiments were conducted on a semi-cloudy day to cover all weather stated and to study the degradation kinetics. During semi-cloudy day experiments, using Er3+/TiO2 and Ni2+/TiO2 with a solar irradiation activity of 600 W/m2 for a 60 min exposure at optimal conditions increased the degradation efficiency from 68.28% for intrinsic TiO2 to 82.38% for Er3+/TiO2 and 80.70% for Ni2+/TiO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]