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Background: Newspapers in India often report incidents of cardiac arrest. Media reports are a source for raising awareness of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among the public. This study is aimed at evaluating the reports of cardiac arrest published in Indian newspapers. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study of cardiac arrests reported in Indian newspapers between January 2001 and June 2019. The study included reports containing the word "cardiac arrest" referring to a cardiac arrest event in India. Data of demographics, location, time, clinical characteristics, performance of CPR, and survival using the Utstein template were extracted from the newspapers. Reports of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) were selected for analysis. Results: One thousand seven hundred seventy-nine reports of cardiac arrest were reviewed and 1703 reports were selected after excluding 76. Of these, 279 reports did not specify whether it was an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) or OHCA. Of the remaining 1424 reports, 377 reports were IHCA and 1047 were OHCA. One thousand forty-seven OHCA cases were selected for analysis. The study noted male preponderance and a median age of 51-60 years. OHCA commonly occurred in residential locations, followed by public buildings, other places, and street/highways. Prior risk factors, heart disease, and symptoms were reported in some reports. Of 15 subjects who received CPR, 11 were reported to have survived. Although demographic data are reported in the majority, there is poor reporting of clinical and resuscitation details. Conclusions: The study gives a glimpse of OHCA in India and emphasizes the need for elaborate reporting of data on cardiac arrest. The crucial role of media is recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to increase the risk of stroke. However, the prevalence and risk of recurrent stroke in COVID-19 patients with prior stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), as well as its impact on mortality, are not established., Aim: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and healthcare costs in patients with recurrent strokes., Methods: We identified admissions of recurrent stroke (current acute ischemic stroke admissions with at least one prior TIA or stroke) in patients with and without COVID-19 using ICD-10-CM codes using the National Inpatient Sample (2020). We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on mortality following recurrent stroke admissions by subgroups., Results: Of 97455 admissions with recurrent stroke, 2140 (2.2%) belonged to the COVID-19-positive group. The COVID-19-positive group had a higher prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease vs the COVID-19 negative group ( P < 0.001). Among the subgroups, patients aged > 65 years, patients aged 45-64 years, Asians, Hispanics, whites, and blacks in the COVID-19 positive group had higher rates of all-cause mortality than the COVID-19 negative group ( P < 0.01). Higher odds of in-hospital mortality were seen in the group aged 45-64 (OR: 8.40, 95%CI: 4.18-16.91) vs the group aged > 65 (OR: 7.04, 95%CI: 5.24-9.44), males (OR: 7.82, 95%CI: 5.38-11.35) compared to females (OR: 6.15, 95%CI: 4.12-9.18), and in Hispanics (OR: 15.47, 95%CI: 7.61-31.44) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (OR: 14.93, 95%CI: 7.22-30.87) compared to blacks (OR: 5.73, 95%CI: 3.08-10.68), and whites (OR: 5.54, 95%CI: 3.79-8.09)., Conclusion: The study highlights the increased risk of all-cause in-hospital mortality in recurrent stroke patients with COVID-19, with a more pronounced increase in middle-aged patients, males, Hispanics, or Asians., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: There exists a link between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and depression. Similarly, chronic depression is known to increase the risk of cancer in general. In this population-based analysis, we investigated the prevalence and the odds of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young-depressed patients with IBS., Aim: To investigate the relationship between IBS and CRC in young, depressed patients using a nationally representative United States inpatient sample., Methods: The 2019 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify young (18-44 years) patients admitted with comorbid depression in the presence vs absence of IBS using relevant International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Primary endpoint was the prevalence and odds of CRC in age matched (1:1) young-depressed cohort hospitalized with IBS (IBS+) vs without IBS (IBS-). Multivariable regression analysis was performed adjusting for potential confounders., Results: Age-matched (1:1) young-depressed IBS+ (83.9% females, median age 36 years) and IBS- (65.8% females, median age 36 years) cohorts consisted of 14370 patients in each group. IBS+ cohort had higher rates of hypertension, uncomplicated diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, prior stroke, prior venous thromboembolism, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder ( P < 0.005) vs the IBS- cohort. However, prior myocardial infarction, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, dementia, smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse ( P < 0.005) are high in IBS- cohort . The rate of CRC was comparable in both cohorts [IBS+ n = 25 (0.17%) vs IBS- n = 35 (0.24%)]. Compared to the IBS- cohort, the odds ratio (OR) of developing CRC was not significantly higher [OR 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-2.25)] in IBS+ cohort. Also, adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and hospital characteristics and relevant comorbidities, the OR was found to be non-significant (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.21-3.83) ., Conclusion: This nationwide propensity-matched analysis revealed comparable prevalence and risk of CRC in young-depressed patients with vs without IBS. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of depression and its treatment on CRC risk and outcomes in IBS patients., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk irrespective of other risk factors. However, large-scale cardiovascular sex and race differences are poorly understood., Aim: To investigate the relationship between NAFLD and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in subgroups using a nationally representative United States inpatient sample., Methods: We examined National Inpatient Sample (2019) to identify adult hospitalizations with NAFLD by age, sex, and race using ICD-10-CM codes. Clinical and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and MACCE-related mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiac arrest, and stroke were compared in NAFLD cohorts by sex and race. Multivariable regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, hospitalization features, and comorbidities., Results: We examined 409130 hospitalizations [median 55 (IQR 43-66) years] with NFALD. NAFLD was more common in females (1.2%), Hispanics (2%), and Native Americans (1.9%) than whites. Females often reported non-elective admissions, Medicare enrolment, the median age of 55 (IQR 42-67), and poor income. Females had higher obesity and uncomplicated diabetes but lower hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and complicated diabetes than males. Hispanics had a median age of 48 (IQR 37-60), were Medicaid enrollees, and had non-elective admissions. Hispanics had greater diabetes and obesity rates than whites but lower hypertension and hyperlipidemia. MACCE, all-cause mortality, AMI, cardiac arrest, and stroke were all greater in elderly individuals ( P < 0.001). MACCE, AMI, and cardiac arrest were more common in men ( P < 0.001). Native Americans (aOR 1.64) and Asian Pacific Islanders (aOR 1.18) had higher all-cause death risks than whites., Conclusion: Increasing age and male sex link NAFLD with adverse MACCE outcomes; Native Americans and Asian Pacific Islanders face higher mortality, highlighting a need for tailored interventions and care., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)