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The study aimed to discover the role of vitamin D in improving the respiratory function in sickle cell disease patients. In this prospective study, 188 adults were enrolled, drawn from the out-patients unit of Thalassemia Cente The collected data were categorized into three groups: group 1 included the data of 100 healthy individuals of age range of 18-50 years as control; group 2 included the data of 88 (40 males and 48 females) sickle cell disease patients in steady state before supplementation of vitamin D; group 3 represented the data of the same 88 sickle cell disease patients as measured and recorded after 6 weeks of vitamin D supplementation. Laboratory measurements including pulmonary function tests and hematological parameters, while vitamin D levels were estimated for all groups to compare the data before and after supplementation of vitamin We found significant differences in the pulmonary function tests when comparing groups. Mean value of FEV1 revealed significant differences between group 1 and 2 (p >0.05), while vitamin D supplement created a significant difference between group 2 and 3 (p >0.05). The improvement in FEV1 did not reach to that of healthy (group 1), as referred by the significant variation between group 1 and group 3 (p>0.05). The same findings were indicative within most pulmonary function tests, and the percentages of combined cases (restrictive and obstructive) were also deceased in group 3. Conclusion: supplement of vitamin D in SCD patients could result in relative improvement in lung function.

Background/Objectives: Cesarean birth (CB) is linked to nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP). Different properties of the muscular tissue, including contractile, biomechanical, and viscous properties, may reflect its physiological or pathological condition. This study aimed to measure these properties of lumbar paravertebral muscles (LPVMs) and their relationship with post-CB mothers with moderate-severity NSLBP and match their measurements to those of the controls. Methods: Sixty women were included in this case–control research. They were divided into two equal groups: Group (A) representing cases, consisted of 30 females who experienced CB and complained of moderate-severity NSLBP, and Group (B) representing controls, consisted of 30 healthy females who had never experienced pregnancy with no or mild-severity NSLBP. Results: The statistical analysis between the two groups yielded significant differences in the right and left LPVMs' tone (p = 0.002 and 0.015), relaxation time (p = 0.002 and 0.022), and creep (p = 0.013 and 0.008), respectively. On the other side, there were non-significant differences in the right and left LPVMs' stiffness (p = 0.055 and 0.367) and elasticity (p = 0.115 and 0.231), respectively. The regression analysis's final model indicated a strong overall performance (Nagelkerke: 1.00). Conclusions: The LPVMs of post-CB mothers with moderate-severity NSLBP showed remarkable changes in both contractile and viscous properties: muscle tone notably decreased, while viscosity increased. However, biomechanical properties like stiffness and elasticity showed negligible changes. This fitted regression analysis illustrated the holistic strong effect of LPVMs' properties as risk factors contributing to post-CB NSLBP, emphasizing their consideration in diagnosis and intervention strategies for such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The objective of this study is synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, evaluation there in vitro antimicrobial activity and showing the molecular docking. Materials and Methods: Two series of 5-alkylthio-3-aryl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles were successfully synthesized. The 1,2,4-triazole thiol was produced via cyclization reaction using the hydrazide compounds (2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and 5-bromofuran-2-carbohydrazide), which were then employed as nucleophilic species to attract various kinds of alkyl halides to synthesis the final compounds. All produced compounds underwent spectroscopic characterization and tested their antibacterial and antifungal activities. With synthetic ligands, molecular docking studies were conducted against the proteins 1AJ0, 1JIJ, and 4ZA5 to identify the crucial interactions underlying antimicrobial activity. Results: UV-visible, FTIR, 1H-NMR and CHNS analysis were confirmed the chemical structures and purity. Initial antibacterial screening results showed that several produced compounds 1e, 1f, 2e, and 2f have good inhibitory effects, whilst some compounds 2e demonstrated high antifungal activity when compared to the control drug fluconazole. Two active substances, 1e and 2e, showed a moderate level of toxicity, with LD50 values of 3.5 and 2.3 g/kg, respectively. The strongest compounds, 1e, 1f, 2e, and 2f, demonstrated high binding energy antibacterial and antifungal activity, which were supported by docking analysis. Conclusion: Triazole derivatives were synthesized by multi-reaction steps with high yields. Some synthesized triazole derivatives showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities as compared with parent compounds and standard drugs. The results of antimicrobial activities of compounds were enhanced by good affinity of molecular docking of these compounds with the active site of proteins as compared with standard drugs amoxicillin and fluconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This study aimed to asses the prevalence and consequences of bullying, and explored these issues experienced by nursing students. Patients and methods: This study used a descriptive survey. A convenience sample of 248 undergraduate nursing student from level 4 to 8 from a selected university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An adapted online questionnaire the Student Experience of Bullying during Clinical Placement (SEBDCP) was used. Results: There are 51% of the respondents who experienced bullying either in the academic or clinical setting. The top sources of the bullying were the friends of the nursing students (60%). Majority of the students, which are (54%) had their academic achievement affected negatively and (49%) considered leaving nursing. Conclusion: Nursing students actually experience bullying both in the academic and clinical settings by their peers and other health care professionals. Bullying is a phenomenon among nursing students that is not appropriately addressed and prioritized by authorities in both academic and clinical settings. Students remain silent and vulnerable to bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study has developed a proprietary system and a special device for the supply of oxygen-free nitrogen gas with a mixture of carbon dioxide and 80:20% according to the laboratory conditions required for the growth of sulfur-reducing bacteria. To find the best medium that fits the bacteria in those environments with shortening incubation period, the new medium developed is available in the specification of planting rich in energy sources, minerals and vitamins and high reduction ability promotes the early growth of sulfurreducing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aerobic spore-forming bacteria can be found in a wide range of environmental niches such as food production. Among them, the aerobic spore-forming bacteria like Bacillus ceruse, pose a risk of causing dairy product poisoning by the production of toxins. Materials and Method: Out of 40 samples, 10 from each of Raw Milk, Skim Milk Powder, UHT Milk and Wight chees were collected to isolate aerobic spore-forming bacteria by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Conclusion: A total of 25 isolates of heat resistant bacteria, 10(40%), 8(32%), 3(12%), 4(16%) from "RM, white chees, SMP and UHT milk respectively," were purified and characterized. Various spore forming bacteria belonging to Bacilli spp. which include pathogenic were biochemically identified using vitek 2 systems, the result showed the highest rate of Bacillus subtilis (28%) followed by Bacillus ceruse and Bacillus thuringiensis (24%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to detect the connection between biofilm formation and the presence of surface proteins and intercellular adhesion gene (ica) in the isolates of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Out of 212 samples, 67 S. aureus were isolated from different sources of cattle, MRSA represent 65.67% of isolates. Phenotypic biofilm formation was studied with microtiter plate assay. The biofilm producer constitutes of 59.1% from MRSA, comparing with 30.4% of MSSA isolates. The polymerase chain reaction was employed to detection icaA, icaD, clfA, clfB, fnbA, fnbB, fib, cna, eno and ebps, the frequency of thesegenes inMRSA isolateswere (11.54%, 88.46%, 100%, 46.2%, 100%, 0%, 73.1%, 38.5%, 100% and 0%) respectively, however, the frequency of the genes in MSSA isolates were (57.14%, 100%, 71.4%, 28.6%, 100%, 0%, 57.1%, 28.6%, 100% and 0%) respectively. The ica A and ica D genes were detected in majority of MSSA comparing with MRSA. The presence of the clf A, clf B and fib genes were higher in MRSA. In conclusion, the ica A and ica D may play important role in biofilm formation by MSSA, whereas, clf A, clf B and fib genes may play crucial role in biofilm formation by MRSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, three new biopolymers were synthesized. We could design new polymer via ring opening of lactide with Aspargine to obtain ester–amide polymer (A1) and grafted lactate one time with 3-hydroxy pyridine and other time with dimethyl amine forming vinyl lactate polymer (A2) and (A3). The prepared polymers (A1), (A2), (A3) were characterized by FTIR; HNMR spectroscopies and TGA thermogram, physical properties were determined, intrinsic viscosities were measured, this two biodegradable polymers were hydrolysis in different pH values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study included conducting two experiments, with the aim of studying the effect of early feeding within the technique of injection the hatching eggs with different levels of Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) in the hatchability, hatched broiler chickens traits and their production and immune performance during their rearing. In the first experiment, it was used 600 fertilized eggs from broiler breeders Ross308 on the 18th day of egg incubation they were distributed on five treatments (120 eggs/treatment), with three replicates per treatment (40 eggs/replicate). Furthermore, the eggs were injected into the aminion sac according to the experimental treatments: hatching eggs without injection T1, hatching eggs injected with distilled water 0.2 ml / T\ egg. As well as, hatching eggs were injected 0.2 ml/egg of the BCAA mixture solution, which are Leucine, Valine and Iso-leucine at the level of 0.64, 0.42, 0.36 mg,respectively, forT3. While at the level of 1.28, 0.84, 0.72 mg,respectively, forT4 and at the level of 1.92, 1.26, 1.08 mg, respectively, forT5. The results at hatching showed that there was no significant effect of the injection processof hatching eggs with BCAA on the embryonic mortality percentage after injection and the hatchability. In contrast, the hatched chicks of BCAA treatments achieved a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in their length and weight and a significant decrease in the relative weight of the residualyolk and an improvement in the immune response. The second experiment, in which 300 chicks of the first experiments were used and took randomly from the BCAA injection treatments and the control treatment (without injection) at 75 chicks from each treatment,and randomly distributed to three equal replicates, according to the experimental treatments. Treatment T1 hatched chicks from hatching eggs without injection, T2, T3, T4 hatched chicks from hatching eggs injected with BCAA mixture solution, Leucine, Valine and Iso-leucine at a level of 0.64, 0.42, 0.36 mg/egg, 1.28 0.84, 0.72 mg/egg, 1.92, 1.26, 1.08 mg/egg, respectively. The chicks were reared to the age of 35 days and the results showed an improved in the production performance of the broiler chickens hatchedfrom BCAA treatment eggs. It can be concluded from this study that early feeding by injection egg technology with BCAA in the last stage of the hatching process has improved the chick’s quality characteristics when hatching, which has been reflected in improving its production and immune performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]