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There are controversies on the association of childhood allergic diseases with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between food allergy, cow’s milk allergy (CMA), and asthma with pediatric IBD in Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on 200 individuals less than 18-year-old (100 with IBD and 100 as control group). Medical records, clinical presentation, and laboratory and para-clinical findings related to food allergy, CMA, and asthma were reviewed for all participants in both groups and were recorded. Among 100 children with IBD, 40 had Crohn's disease, and 60 had ulcerative colitis. The frequency of food allergy, cow's milk allergy, and asthma in children with IBD was significantly higher than the control group (P

Background: 300 million people are suffering from asthma worldwide. Since some patients have difficulty swallowing tablets and capsules, oral films stepped into the market. This drug form is easily consumed without the need for drinking water. Additionally, fast-dissolving oral films release their drugs more rapidly. Ondansetron, folic acid, zolmitriptan, dextrometorphan and loratadin are some examples of this kind of formulation. Methods: In this study, the salbutamol oral films were made by sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol as the base polymer and glycerin as the plasticizer by casting method. The prepared films were evaluated for pharmaceutical properties such as thickness, disintegration time, assay, and drug release. The Design-Expert 7.1.5 software (Stat-Ease, Inc., USA) was used for designing and evaluating the formulations. Design was validated by extra design checkpoint formulations. Findings: The survey of the films shows that the formulation containing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose had desirable pharmaceutical properties and was selected as the optimum formulation with desirability factor of 0.884. This formulation began to disintegrate within 60 seconds and 93 percent of drug was released within 150 seconds. The release kinetic of this formulation best fitted the Non-Fickian profile. Conclusion: According to the desirable specifications of fast-dissolving salbutamol oral film comprising immediate drug release and being comfortable to use, the compliance of patients in asthma treatment would greatly improve. Keywords: Salbutamol, Drug delivery systems, Asthma, Polyvinyl alcohol, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium

Background: Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality, and sleepiness are common problems in children and adolescents. Such problems can affect learning, memory, and academic performance. No previous studies have assessed the relationship between sleep problems/habits and academic performance in Iranian secondary school students. Therefore, we surveyed a sample of secondary school students and their parents in Isfahan (Iran) to assess the relation between sleep problems/habits and academic performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data was collected by a reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87) and valid self-reporting questionnaire. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select 110 secondary school students in Isfahan, Iran. Academic performance was assessed using the latest term evaluation report provided by the school. Students’ performance was stratified as excellent [grade point average (GPA) ≥ 17], average (GPA = 15-17), and poor (GPA < 15). The collected data was analyzed with SPSS20. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation), independent t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Findings: There were 535 boys (48.6%) and 565 girls (51.4%) in this study. The mean age of students was 13.26 ± 1.09 years (range: 11-16 years). While 42.3% of the students had excellent performance, 30.1% and 27.6% of them had average and poor performance, respectively. Conclusion: Academic performance of the students was significantly associated with their age, gender, and fathers and mothers’ education levels and jobs. It was evident that the presence of sleep problems, poor sleep habits, or shortened total sleep time affected the students’ academic performance. In other words, sleep problems and habits may negatively affect academic performance. Keywords: Sleep disorder, School performance, Adolescence