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Background: A review of the research literature showed that chronic pain self-management (CPSM) plays an important role in the health and optimal functioning of Affected people. However, few studies have examined the factors involved in CPSM in the form of a psychological model. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the fit of the conceptual model of CPSM based on mindfulness skills (MS), metacognitive beliefs (MB), and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) with empirical data obtained from people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The design of this research was descriptive-correlation of the type of structural equation modeling research. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain who were referred to Tehran hospitals between June 2020 and December 2021. The sample included 272 eligible individuals from two Imam Hussain and Besat hospitals in Tehran. Data were collected using PSMC-18 (Nicholas et al., 2012), FFMQ-39 (Bair et al., 2008), MCQ-30 (Wells and Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), CERQ-18 (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006), and the GSCS-7 (Von Korff, et al., 1992) by online survey and then analyzed. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model of CPSM based on the data obtained from participants had a suitable and significant fit (CMIN/d= 2.41, SRMR= 0.068, RMSEA= 0.072, PNFI= 0.077, CFI= 0.903, IFI= 0.904, GFI= 0.872). All predictor variables were able to directly explain CPSM (p< 0.05). Also, most indirect pathways showed significant effects on CPSM (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Structural relationships of MS, MB, and CERS can provide a significant explanation for CPSM in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Accordingly, it seems that designing educational interventions based on the proposed model can improve CPSM in these people.

The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state universities in Tehran. This study is developmental with respect to the aim and uses survey method for data gathering. The statistical population of the study are undergraduate students and 500 samples are chosen from the universities in the target population randomly and data are gathered using the questionnaire designed by the researcher the validity of the questionnaire has been verified based on the views of 5 experts and using some similar tested questionnaires as a model. The reliability has been estimated using Alpha Cronbach’s index by pre-test of 15 samples about 0.86. To data analyze SPSS software and statistical tests are used. The quality of the college life of students has been evaluated significantly lower than average and the quality of college life of non-local students is significantly higher than the quality of college life of local students. The low quality of college life shows that higher education policies on quality and national resources productivity have had low effectiveness. Dissatisfaction of students, as the key stakeholder of higher education system, from quality of college life could be a starting point to stray away from the higher education missions and philosophies. It is necessary that academic managers and leaders make serious decisions to promote the quality of college life. The higher education without the quality of college life, will be defeating the purpose.

Introduction: Narcotic Anonymous (NA), and related 12-steps program have predominant influence on drug abuse treatment programs. The aim of this study was to compare coping styles and hope among Narcotic Anonymous and Methadone Maintenance Treatment members. Method: In this causal-comparative study, 100 male (50: NA, 50: MMT. Age: 20-40, minimal clean: 6 mounth), from Shahrood city completed coping styles scale, and hope scale. Findings: Results showed that Mean scores of Agency thinkig, Task-oriented copig style, and Avoidance-oriented coping style, in NA members was significantly high, from MMT members. Also, results of Discriminant Analisis showed that comparative differences between this samples were highlited in compound of variables. Conclusion: It seems that actively attendance in NA may enhances effective Coping style and hope.