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Conclusion: Ulnar compression and brachial compression maneuvers demonstrated effectiveness in inducing radial artery dilation for a limited duration. These maneuvers may reduce the occurrence of access failure during radial artery cannulation. No significant differences were observed between the two maneuvers, indicating that they can be used interchangeably based on clinician preference. So, because the ulnar compression is simpler and more feasible for the patients, it can be considered instead of brachial compression.

Background: The most common gastrointestinal disorders are functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) of which functional indigestion is one of the most common types and causes the deterioration of ‎health and reduction of quality of life (QOL). This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on metacognitive beliefs and pain perception in patients with functional indigestion. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with functional indigestion in Tehran, Iran, in 2020. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were selected through the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental group (emotion regulation training) and a control group (each consisting of 15 people). The research tools included the Metacognitions Questionnaire (Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975). Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance in SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that emotion regulation training was effective on metacognitive beliefs (P < 0.001) and pain perception (P < 0.001) in patients with functional indigestion. Conclusion: It can be concluded that emotion regulation training was effective on metacognitive beliefs and pain perception in patients with functional indigestion.

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia are associated with several adverse outcomes including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, however, the relationship between GDM/macrosomia with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the history of macrosomia with or without GDM and incident maternal CKD. Methods The study population includes 2669 women aged 18–50 years without known diabetes mellitus and CKD from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The study population was categorized into 3 groups; group 1: GDM/macrosomia and without diabetes mellitus (n = 204), group 2: newly diagnosed incident diabetes mellitus (NDM) in the presence or abcence of GDM/Macrosomia (n = 113), and, group 3: the reference group including women without prior history of GDM/macrosomia and free of NDM (n = 2352). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

Background: The pandemic situation created an overwhelmed needs for ICU facilities, according to this problem, the need of accurate the management of facilities represents bold. In this study, prognostic risk factors for ICU admission among COVID-19 hospitalized patients were evaluated. Methods: From 22 February to April 20, 2020. Totally,214 COVID-19 patients participated in this study. The included patients were between 18- 80 years old, and the patients who previously admitted for COVID-19 were excluded. The comorbid medical conditions, admission laboratory, demographic data, and first manifestations were analyzed between two groups, including ICU and non-ICU admitted patients. The statistical analysis, univariate and multivariate analysis were afforded. The value of the predictors in risk assessment of ICU admission were estimated. Results: 55 patients (25.7%) were admitted in ICU. The ICU admitted patient’s mortality rate was about 68%. The age was significantly higher among ICU admission group (P=0.03). Admission O2 saturation was significantly lower among ICU admitted patients (P=0.00). The kidney disease and malignancy history were more frequent in ICU-admitted patients (P=0.04, P=0.00). Myalgia was the clinical manifestation that significantly presented more frequent in ICU-admitted patients. INR, CRP, ESR, HB, and Lymphocyte were significantly different between two groups. After multivariable analysis, admission O2 saturation, hematocrit, CRP and myalgia could significantly predict the risk of ICU admission. Furthermore, the value of predictors was estimated in our study. Conclusion: Based on our results, the admission O2 saturation, HCT, CRP levels at first admission and myalgia presentation could be considered as the valuable predictors of ICU admission.

Jihadist management is a new model of management ideas developed after the Iran’s Islamic Revolution. Management, which has been able to open up new windows into the country's management system through the use of the art and management science and applying Islamic concepts. The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges of jihad management. In this research, the Q method has been used. The participants of this research were 10 members of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation directors who had direct relevance to the research. discourse space of the present study was gathered from a variety of sources. After evaluating and summarizing the discourse space, out of 197 Quo's terms, at last, 70 sentences were as the sample of (Q's category), followed by a survey of experts. Data gathering from Q sorting, this information was analyzed by Q Factor Analysis Method. The distribution analysis showed that four distinct mental patterns could be identified among the participants in the research on the factors influencing the identification of the challenges of jihad management. Finally, 74.91% of the total variance was explained. These four subjective patterns were named according to the names of Necessary requirements: behavioral requirements, approach requirements, basic requirements.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that can affect life expectancy and depression in patients suffering from this disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on life expectancy and depression in patients with MS.Methods: The study adopted a pretest-posttest research design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with MS enrolled in the MS Society of Tehran, Iran, from 2009 to 2016. Using simple random sampling, 30 subjects were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools included the Life Expectancy Questionnaire (LEQ) ‎and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software.Results: MBCT training led to significantly higher life expectancy in the experimental group with a greater mean life expectancy in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01; F = 42.22). Moreover, MBCT training reduced depression in the experimental group with a higher mean depression score than that of the control group (P < 0.0001; F = 22.53).Conclusion: It can be concluded that MBCT training increased life expectancy and decreased depression in the experimental group.

Introduction: COVID-19 might present with other seemingly unrelated manifestations; for instance, neurological symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the neurologic manifestations and their correlated factors in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted from March 17, 2020 to June 20, 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Iran. The study population consisted of adult patients with a positive result for COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using nasopharyngeal swabs. Both written and electronic data regarding baseline characteristic, laboratory findings, and neurological manifestations were evaluated and reported. Results: 727 COVID-19 patients with the mean age of 49.94 ± 17.49 years were studied (56.9% male). At least one neurological symptom was observed in 403 (55.4%) cases. Headache (29.0%), and smell (22.3%) and taste (22.0%) impairment were the most prevalent neurological symptoms, while seizure (1.1%) and stroke (2.3%) were the least common ones. Patients with neurological manifestations were significantly older (p = 0.04), had greater body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.02), longer first symptom to admission duration (p < 0.001) and were more frequently opium users (p = 0.03) compared to COVID-19 patients without neurological symptoms. O2 saturation was significantly lower in patients with neurological manifestations (p = 0.04). In addition, medians of neutrophil count (p = 0.006), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.02) and c-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.001) were significantly higher and the median of lymphocyte count (p = 0.03) was significantly lower in patients with neurological manifestations. Conclusion: The prevalence of neurological manifestations in the studied cases was high (55.4%). This prevalence was significantly higher in older age, grated BMI, longer lasting disease, and opium usage.

Background and Objectives: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first described during a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, has attracted tremendous attention in a short period of time as the death toll and the number of confirmed cases is growing unceasingly. Although molecular testing is the gold standard method of SARS-CoV-2 detection, the existence of the false-negative results presents a major limitation to this method. Materials and Methods: This retrospective Double-Centre study was conducted on 1320 COVID-19 patients recruited at Taleghani and Shohadae Tajrish Hospitals in Tehran, Iran. We analyzed the leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts of hospitalized cases both on admission and at discharge. We also evaluated the alteration of these parameters within a seven-day follow-up. Results: Of the whole, 1077 (81.6%) neither were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) nor experienced death, and were defined as the mild-moderate group. Of 243 severe cases, while 59 (24.3%) were admitted to ICU and cured with the intensive care services, 184 (75.7%) patients died of the disease, either with or without ICU admission. Calculation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) revealed that the mild-moderate cases had a lower ratio at discharge. On the other hand, the ratio was significantly higher in the death group as compared to the ICU group; highlighting the fact that patients with a higher degree of neutrophilia and a greater level of lymphopenia have a poor prognosis. Conclusion: We suggest that NLR greater than 6.5 may reflect the progression of the disease towards an unfavorable clinical outcome, with this notion that the ratios higher than 9 may strongly result in death.

The goal of this paper is to show that, as in other fields of humanities and social studies, there has been a shift from monologue to dialogue in the course of the history of “science, technology, and society” studies. The paper discusses the topic by reconsideration of key paradigms of science and society studies, such as scientific literacy, public understanding of science and technology etc. During this paradigm evolution, it has been gradually accepted that up-down models of Science Communication, which assume public as suffering from knowledge deficit, do not work even to improve the public support of science. The outcome of related debates in the recent half-century, according to the paper, was that science and society should participate in a proper, immediate, and equivalent dialogue. The paper supports this conclusion by review of studies that documented and analyzed the history of studies and initiatives of “science, technology, and society”

In order to study the fossil contents of the Abderaz Formation for biostratigraphical purposes the 500 meters thick section was sampled at type section. The sequence is mainly made up of grey shales and marls with two units of chalky limestone in upper part. The lower contact of the formation with Aitamir Formation is disconform while the upper contact with Abtalkh is continuous. Fifty six species belonging to 16 genera were identified and four biozones were differentiated. These are: Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica (Sigal)total range Zone, 2-Marginotruncana sigali - Dicarinella primitiva (Premoli Silva and Sliter)Partial range Zone, 3- Dicarinella concavata (Sigal)interval Zone and4-Dicarinella asymetrica (Postuma)total range Zone. Based on, these an age of Turonian-Late Santonian is quoted to the formation. Also it was shown that Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica, the index species for middle Turonian exists at the base of the formation while, in the samples immediately below this belonging to Aitamir Formation Rotalipora appenninica, the index for middel cenomanian was recorded. Therefore, lack of index species for late Cenomanian- early Turonian shows a gap spanning this period between the Aitamir and Abderaz formations. This could be a result of sub Hersinian orogeny.

AbstractIn order to study biostratigraphy and the determination of biozonation in the Pabdeh Formation based on the new planktonic foraminifera biozonation in the Tethys region, one subsurface section in well 1 of the Parsi Oil Field was selected in the southern Dezful Embayment. Based on this study, a biostratigraphic study of 320 thin sections from well 1 of Parsi Oil Field has been carried out. The Pabdeh Formation with a thickness of 404 m consists mainly of shales, marls, argillaceous limestones, and cherty limestone. The lower boundary of the Pabdeh Formation with the Gurpi Formation is unconformable and the upper boundary with the Asmari Formation is conformable. Biostratigraphic studies led to the recognition of 25 genera and 75 species of planktonic foraminifera and then 19 biozones equivalent to the new biozone of Wade et al. (2011) in the Tethys region. These identified biozones include three biozones in the Paleocene, 11 biozones in the Eocene and five biozones in the Oligocene in the studied section in well 1 of Parsi Oil Field and are well correlated with some biozones in the Tethys region. Based on the identified biozones and fossil contents, the age of the Pabdeh Formation is Middle Paleocene (Selandian)–Late Oligocene (Chattian). Keywords: Pabdeh Formation; Paleocene; Oligocene; Dezful Embayment; Parsi Oil Field IntroductionThe Pabdeh Formation as a hydrocarbon source rock is widespread in the Zagros Basin. The type section of the Pabdeh Formation is located in Tange Pabdeh (North of Lali Oil Field) with a thickness of about 800 meters of shales and purple marls, grey shales, layers of argillaceous limestone and sometimes cherty limestones. It contains well-preserved foraminifera that gradually reaches the limestone of the Asmari Formation and spreads in the southwest of Lorestan, Khuzestan, and Fars provinces (Motiei 1995).Most of the biostratigraphic studies of the Pabdeh Formation in the Dezful Embayment are based on biozones (James and Wynd 1965) which are local and have not the capability to correlate with the global biozones. The purpose of this paper is to study the biostratigraphy of the Pabdeh Formation based on foraminifera and biozones based on standard biozones in the Tethys region (Wade et al. 2011) in the Parsi Oil Field (well No. 1). Material & MethodsIn order to identify the biozones of the Pabdeh Formation based on planktonic foraminifera and the new biozonation in the Tethys region, 320 thin sections microscopy of the subsurface section in well No. 1 of the Parsi Oil Field has been studied. Identification of genus and species, the age range of planktonic foraminifera and biozone of the Pabdeh Formation has been studied based on the following literatures (Postuma 1971; Olsson et al. 1999; Premoli Silva et al. 2003; Iaccarino et al. 2005; Berggren and Pearson 2005; Berggren and Pearson 2006; Pearson et al. 2006; Wade et al. 2011; 2018; BouDagher 2015; Berggren et al. 2018). Discussion of Results & ConclusionsPlanktonic foraminifera is widely utilized for the biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Cenozoic marine sediments and is a fundamental component of Cenozoic chronostratigraphic biozonation (Wade et al. 2011). In this study, biostratigraphy of the Pabdeh Formation in the studied section led to the recognition of 75 species belonging to 25 genus of planktonic foraminifera and 19 biozones based and/or equivalent new biozonation (Wade et al. 2011) were identified and determined. These identified biozones, (P4) belonging to Paleocene and (E2-E5-E7-E8-E9-E10-E11) to Eocene in the studied section, are well correlated with biozones of Tethys region and other identified biozones:The equivalent of Zone P3. Globanomalina pseudomenardii Lowest-occurrence Zone Zone P4. Globanomalina pseudomenardii Taxon- range ZoneEquivalent of Zones (P5&E1). Globanomalina pseudomenardii/Pseudohastigerina wilcoxensis Interval ZoneZone E2. Pseudohastigerina wilcoxensis/Morozovella velascoensis Concurrent-range ZoneEquivalent of Zones (E3 & E4). Acarinina pseudotopilensis Partial-range ZoneZone E5. Morozovella aragonensis/Morozovella subbotinae Concurrent- range ZoneThe equivalent of Zone E6. Morozovella subbotinae /Acarinina cuneicamerata Interval ZoneZone E7. Acarinina cuneicamerata Lowest- occurrence ZoneZone E8. Guembelitrioides nuttalli Lowest-occurrence ZoneZone E9. Globigerinatheka kugleri/ Morozovella aragonensis Concurrent- range ZoneZone E10. Acarinina topilensis Partial-range ZoneZone E11. Morozovelloides lehneri Partial-range ZoneThe equivalent of Zones (E12 & E13). Orbulinoides beckmanni /Morozovelloides crassatus Interval ZoneThe equivalent of Zones (E14 - E15- E16). Hantkenina Highest-occurrence ZoneThe equivalent of Zone O1. Pseudohastigerina Highest-occurrence Zone The equivalent of Zone O2. Turborotalia ampliapertura Highest-occurrence ZoneThe equivalent of Zone O3. Turborotalia ampliapertura /Ciperoella angulisuturalis Interval ZoneThe equivalent of Zone O4. Ciperoella angulisuturalis /Chiloguembelina Interval ZoneThe equivalent of Zones (O5-O6-O7). Trilobatus primordius / Pragloborotalia / Ciperoella assemblage ZoneBased on this study, the lower boundary of the Pabdeh Formation with the Gurpi Formation is unconformable. Studies by Jalali (1971) indicated that there was no sedimentation at the base of the Paleocene and at the end of the Cretaceous. A lack of stratigraphy is evident during the Late Maastrichtian, Early Paleocene (Danin), and earlyMiddle Paleocene. Defined biozones are compared with the other sections presented in the Izeh Zone (Tange Hatti, north flank of Tange Pabdeh and Chahardeh) in the Zagros Basin (SW Iran).Based on biostratigraphic studies of the Pabdeh Formation by Hadavandkhani (2015), in Tange Hatti, north flank of Tange Pabdeh and Chahardeh in the Izeh Zone and studies on Parsi Oil Field (well No. 1) in the Dezful Embayment show that standard biozonation of Tethys region, specially biozonation (Wade et al. 2011) can be considered as a model zonation in the Zagros Basin for the Pabdeh Formation

Despite belonging to an important time slice in the geological history, the Eocene shallow-marine beds of the Alborz region in Iran have received little attention from researchers. We selected two stratigraphic sections (Mojen and Kalateh) ascribed to the Ziarat Formation as suitable representatives for the current analysis, emphasising on their constituent microfacies and paleoenvironmental implications. The biotic communities are characterised by larger benthic foraminifera (LBF), coralline algae, corals, and bivalves as the major carbonate facies components. The microfacies gradients and paleoenvironmental analysis suggest deposition in a shallow-marine oligotrophic ramp environment within two platform stages. Both these stages indicate an increase in water depth from the inner to the middle ramp settings with spatial distribution of the LBF and other benthic components. Our data support the previous view that the early Eocene witnessed an increase in LBF taxa with near obliteration of the coral reefs in the sedimentary platforms across the Tethys. The corals reinitiated building reefal structures in the Middle Eocene, marking an important phase in the Tethyan paleoenvironmental evolution.