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A novel series of phenoxymethybenzoimidazole derivatives (9a-n) were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their α-glycosidase inhibitory activity. All tested compounds displayed promising α-glycosidase inhibitory potential with IC50 values in the range of 6.31 to 49.89 μM compared to standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 10.0 μM). Enzyme kinetic studies on 9c, 9g, and 9m as the most potent compounds revealed that these compounds were uncompetitive inhibitors into α-glycosidase. Docking studies confirmed the important role of benzoimidazole and triazole rings of the synthesized compounds to fit properly into the α-glycosidase active site. This study showed that this scaffold can be considered as a highly potent α-glycosidase inhibitor. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11030-021-10310-7.

Tyrosinase plays a pivotal role in the hyperpigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetable. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors can be of interest in industries as depigmentation compounds as well as anti-browning agents. In the present study, a series of chlorophenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative were rationally designed and synthesized. The formation of target compounds was confirmed by spectral characterization techniques such as IR

α-Glucosidase is responsible for glucose release of oligosaccharides and disaccharides in the intestine and increase postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibition of this enzyme is a beneficial therapeutic method for glycemic control in diabetes. This study deals with the design and synthesis of 4,5-diphenylimidazole-N-phenylacetamide derivatives 7a–l and the screen of these compounds for their potential for α-glucosidase inhibition. All the synthesized compounds exhibited superior α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 90.0–598.5 µM) as compared to standard inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 µM). In contrast, these compounds were inactive against α-amylase. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 7h was the most potent inhibitor of this library and was a competitive inhibitor into α-glucosidase with Ki value = 86.3 μM. Docking study of the most potent compounds was performed to evaluate the binding interactions of these compounds with the active site of enzyme and to determine of binding energies of ligand–enzyme complexes. The results of this in silico study are in complete agreement with the results obtained from in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Docking study of the most potent compound demonstrated that it interacted with important residues in the active site of α-glucosidase. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the most potent compounds and in silico druglikeness/ADME/toxicity study of these compounds were evaluated.

In this paper, we first provide a better estimate of the second inequality in Hermite–Hadamard inequality. Next, we study the reverse of the celebrated Davis–Choi–Jensen’s inequality. Our results are employed to establish a new bound for the operator Kantorovich inequality.

In this work, new indole-acrylamide-1,2,3-triazole derivatives 9a–j were synthesized via simple and efficient chemical reactions and screened for in vitro anti-α-glucosidase activities. All the synthesized derivatives exhibited excellent α-glucosidase inhibition in the range of IC50 = 65.0 ± 0.8 − 396.3 ± 0.7 µM as compared to the standard inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 1.5 µM). Furthermore, kinetic, docking, and toxicity evaluation of the title compounds were also performed.

‎This article describes the fuzzy conformable fractional derivative which is based on generalized Hukuhara differentiability‎. On these topics‎, ‎we prove a number of properties concerning this type of differentiability‎. ‎In addition‎, ‎fuzzy conformable‎ ‎Laplace transforms are used to obtain analytical solutions to the fractional differential equation‎. Through the use of several‎ ‎practical examples‎, ‎such as the fuzzy conformable fractional growth equation‎, ‎the fuzzy conformable fractional one-compartment‎ ‎model‎, ‎and the fuzzy conformable fractional Newton's law of cooling‎, ‎we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approaches‎.

A novel series of (thio)barbituric-phenoxy-N-phenylacetamide derivatives 7a-l was synthesized and evaluated against Helicobacter pylori urease. The latter assay revealed that all the synthesized compounds 7a-l (IC50 = 0.69 ± 0.33–2.47 ± 0.23 μM) were significantly more potent than two used standard inhibitors, thiourea (IC50 = 23 ± 0.73 μM) and hydroxyurea (IC50 = 100 ± 1.7 μM). Docking study of the synthesized compounds demonstrated that these compounds as well fitted in the urease active site. Moreover, molecular dynamic study of the most potent compound 7d showed that this compound created important interactions with the active site flap residues, Cys592 and His593. Furthermore, in silico pharmacokinetic study predicted that all the synthesized compounds are drug-like.

The analytical fuzzy triangular solutions for both one-dimensional homogeneous and non-homogeneous wave equations with emphasis on the type of [gH-p]-differentiability of solutions are obtained by using the fuzzy D’Alembert’s formulas. In the current article, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the homogeneous and non-homogeneous fuzzy wave equation by considering the type of [gH-p]-differentiability of solutions are provided. In a special case, the fuzzy mathematical model of a vibrating string with a fixed end is investigated. Eventually, given to the various examples represented, the efficacy and accuracy of the method are examined.

We have designed and synthesized phthalimide-Schiff base-coumarin hybrids 8a–b, 9a–d, 10a–b, and 11a–d and evaluated them for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential against yeast form of this enzyme. For the synthesis of title compounds 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives, coumarin-3-carbohydrazide, and coumarin-7-yloxy-acetohydrazide were used. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition revealed that all the synthesized compounds exhibited outstanding α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values ranging between 85.2 ± 1.7 and 577.7 ± 7.5 µM when compared with the standard inhibitor acarbose having IC50 value 750.0 ± 12.0 µM. The most potent compounds were 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivative 8a with coumarin-3-carbohydrazide moiety, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde derivative 11d with coumarin-7-yloxy-acetohydrazide moiety, and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde derivative 9d with coumarin-3-carbohydrazide moiety. Molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the interaction modes and binding energies of the most active compounds and standard drug acarbose. This studies predicted that compounds 8a, 11d, and 9d (respectively with binding energies = − 10.77, − 8.65, and − 8.66 kcal/mol) bind to active site α-glucosidase more easily than acarbose (binding energy = − 4.04 kcal/mol).

The effects of dietary hydroalcoholic extract of honeybee pollen (HBPE) on growth performance, flesh quality, immunity and stress response were investigated. Two hundred fifty‐five rainbow trout (11.14 ± 1.06 g) were fed five diets containing increasing levels of HBPE: control, 0.25HBPE (0.25 g HBPE/kg), 0.5HBPE (0.5 g HBPE/kg), 1HBPE (1 g HBPE/kg) and 1.5HBPE (1.5 g HBPE/kg). After 56 days, rainbow trout fed the 0.5HBPE and 1HBPE diets displayed significantly higher weight gain (49.58 and 53.25 g) and protein efficiency (2.88 and 2.83) compared to those fed the control diet (4.89 and 2.05), respectively (p p p p Aeromonas hydrophila was exposed to different dosages of HBPE, a higher inhibitory zone resulted from 1,000 and 1,500 mg/ml dosage. The lower levels of plasma cortisol were observed in the 1HBPE and 1.5HBPE groups after the complement stress test. Collectively, the present findings suggest that the 1HBPE diet supported superior growth, flesh quality, immunity and stress response of rainbow trout.

A novel superparamagnetic iron oxide modified with copper via 2-aminobenzamide is synthesized by the modification of Fe3O4@SiO2 with amine, followed by the reaction with isatoic anhydride. The catalyst is fully characterized by various methods. The catalytic activity of the catalyst is evaluated in the synthesis of a series of novel N-alkyl-2-aryl-2-(6-oxo-6,7-dihydro[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5(4H)-yl)acetamide analogs. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds is evaluated. The catalyst is recoverable and shows excellent reusability in 10 sequential runs.

In this paper, the conformable fractional derivative of order $\alpha$ is defined in complex plane. Regarding to multi-valued function $z^{1-\alpha}$, we obtain fractional Cauchy-Riemann equations which in case of $\alpha=1$ give classical Cauchy-Riemann equations. The properties relating to complex conformable fractional derivative of certain functions in complex plane have been considered. Then, we discuss about two complex conformable differential equations and solutions with their Riemann surfaces. For some values of order of derivative, $\alpha$, we compare their plots.

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss operator Jensen inequality for convex functions, without appealing to operator convexity. Several variants of this inequality will be presented, and some applications will be shown too.

The concept of Riesz-duals of a frame is a recently introduced concept with broad implications to frame theory in general, as well as to the special cases of Gabor and wavelet analysis. In this paper, we introduce various alternative Riesz-duals, with a focus on what we call Riesz-duals of type I and II. Next, we provide some characterizations of Riesz-dual sequences in Banach spaces. A basic problem of interest in connection with the study of Riesz-duals in Banach spaces is that of characterizing those Riesz-duals which can essentially be regarded as M-basis. We give some conditions under which an Riesz-dual sequence to be an M-basis for [Formula: see text].

Providing spiritual care as a dimension of holistic nursing care is a task that requires competent caregivers. The present study seeks to examine the relationship of personal characteristics with perceived competence in Iranian nursing students and their professional competence in providing spiritual care. This cross-sectional study was conducted on all the nursing students at Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, using the census method (n = 224). The research sample consisted of 179 students who met the eligibility criteria. Data were collected using the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS). The mean SCCS score for respondents was 3.66. Using the cutoff point of >3.5, approximately three quarters of respondents (72.1%) perceived themselves to be competent in delivering spiritual care. The scores of competence and its domains were not significantly different in terms of history of participation in ethics training workshops, gender and marital status (P > 0.05). The scores were also not significantly correlated with age, semester and work experience. Although more than 70% of the nursing students perceived themselves competent in providing spiritual care, nursing curriculum planners should seek to promote the spiritual capacity and competence of nursing students in providing spiritual care through education and training.

In this paper the solution of conformable Laplace equation, \frac{\partial^{\alpha}u(x,y)}{\partial x^{\alpha}}+ \frac{\partial^{\alpha}u(x,y)}{\partial y^{\alpha}}=0, where 1 < α ≤ 2 has been deduced by using fractional fourier series and separation of variables method. For special cases α =2 (Laplace's equation), α=1.9, and α=1.8 conformable fractional fourier coefficients have been calculated. To calculate coefficients, integrals are of type "conformable fractional integral".

An Ugi four-component reaction was used to construct propargylamide starting materials for a subsequent domino Heck–Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to give derivatives of 4-benzylidene-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline.

Introduction Non-adherence in patients with hypertension directly exacerbates clinical outcomes. The purpose of the present research is to study the recognition of the relationships between the perceived social support and self-efficacy and the satisfaction of health care agents and the interaction of the patient with therapeutic personnel and access to health care and the behaviors of adherence to treatment in the patients who suffer hypertension. Materials and methods This descriptive cross-sectional correlation study recruited 250 patients from a specialized hypertension clinic in Semnan, who completed the following questionnaires: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, self-efficacy, adherence to treatment, access to and satisfaction with health care, and the patient’s interaction with treatment personnel. Results An overall statistical description of the sample consists of 89 (35.6%) men and 161 (64.4%) women (SD = 10.41, range = 51.98). Regression coefficient of previous variables (three steps) shows that self-efficacy share, consent form civil services, and job could demonstrate with 99% certainty in the changes of treatment conformity in a meaningful way. Conclusions High self-efficacy, satisfaction with health care, and a favorable job have a high direct effect on adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension and controlling hypertension. Social support and education do not have a significant impact on adherence to treatment.

A new series of arylmethylene hydrazine derivatives bearing 1,3-dimethylbarbituric moiety 7a–o were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro urease inhibitory activity. All the title compounds displayed high anti-urease activity, with IC50 values in the range of 0.61 ± 0.06–4.56 ± 0.18 µM as compared to the two standard inhibitors hydroxyurea (IC50 = 100 ± 0.15 μM) and thiourea (IC50 = 23 ± 1.7 μM). Among the synthesized compounds, compound 7h with 2-nitro benzylidene group was found to be the most potent compound. Kinetic study of this compound revealed that it is a mix-mode inhibitor against urease. Evaluation of the interaction modes of the synthesized compounds in urease active site by molecular modeling revealed that that compounds with higher urease inhibitor activity (7h, 7m, 7c, 7l, 7i, and 7o, with IC50 of 0.61, 0.86, 1.2, 1.34, 1.33, 1.94 μM, respectively) could interact with higher number of residues, specially Arg609, Cys592 (as part of urease active site flap) and showed higher computed free energy, while compounds with lower urease activity (7f, 7n, 7g, and 7a with IC50 of 3.56, 4.56, 3.62 and 4.43 μM, respectively) and could not provide the proper interaction with Arg609, and Cys592 as the key interacting residues along with lower free binding energy. MD investigation revealed compound 7h interacted with Arg609 and Cys592 which are of the key residues at the root part of mobile flap covering the active site. Interacting with the mentioned residue for a significant amount of time, affects the flexibility of the mobile flap covering the active site and causes inhibition of the ureolytic activity. Furthermore, in silico physico-chemical study of compounds 7a–o predicted that all these compounds are drug-likeness with considerable orally availability.

A new series of quinoxalin-1,3,4-oxadiazole (10a-l) derivatives was synthesized and evaluated against some metabolic enzymes including human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoenzymes I and II (carbonic anhydrases I and II), cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase), and α-glucosidase. Obtained data revealed that all the synthesized compounds were more potent as compared with the used standard inhibitors against studied target enzymes. Among the synthesized compounds, 4-fluoro derivative (10f) against hCA I, 4-chloro derivative (10i) against hCA II, 3-fluoro derivative (10e) against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, and 3-bromo derivative (10k) against α-glucosidase were the most potent compounds with inhibitory activity around 1.8- to 7.37-fold better than standard inhibitors. Furthermore, docking studies of these compounds were performed at the active site of their target enzymes.

Motivated to generalize the Fourier frame concept to Banach spaces we introduce (p, q)-Bessel/frame measures for a given finite measure on LCA groups. We also present a general way of constructing (p, q)-Bessel/frame measures for a given measure. Moreover, we prove that if a measure has an associated (p, q)-frame measure, then it must have a certain uniformity in the sense that the weight is distributed quite uniformly on its support. Next, we show that if the measures $\mu$ and $\lambda$ without atoms whose supports form a packing pair, then $\mu\ast\lambda+\delta_g\ast\mu$ does not admit any (p, q)-frame measure. Finally, we analyze the stability of (p, q)-frame measures under small perturbations. We prove new theorems concerning the stability of (p, q)-frame measures under perturbation in both Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces., Comment: 20 pages

The duality principle in frame theory states that for each sequence in a separable Hilbert space, there exists a Riesz-dual sequence dependent only on two orthonormal bases. Then characterize the exact properties of the first sequence in terms of the Riesz-dual sequence, which yield duality relations for the frames. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Riesz-dual (R-dual) sequence with respect to a BK-space in arbitrary Banach spaces. This was referred to as an $$X_d$$ -R-dual. We also study the relationship between the R-duals and g-framings. We give conditions under which a pair of R-duals generates a framing. Another important component of this article is an extensive study of the robustness of framing and g-framing systems under small perturbations. These properties of framings and g-framings are completely constructive, relying on a flexible and elementary method for constructing them.

A new series of quinazolinone-2-thio-metronidazole derivatives 9a-o was designed, synthesized and assayed for their activities against metabolic enzymes human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCAs I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α-glucosidase. The results indicated that all the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activities against mentioned enzymes as compared with standard inhibitors. Representatively, the most potent compound against CA enzymes, 4-fluorophenyl derivative 9i, was 4 and 7-times more potent than standard inhibitor acetazolamide against hCA I and II, respectively; 4-fluorobenzyl derivative 9m as the most potent compound against cholinesterase enzymes, was around 11 and 21-times more potent than standard inhibitor tacrine against AChE and BChE, respectively; the most active α-glucosidase inhibitor 9h with 4-methoxyphenyl moiety was 5-times more active that acarbose as standard inhibitor. Furthermore, in order to study interaction modes of the most potent compounds in the active site of their related enzymes, molecular modeling was performed. Druglikeness, ADME, and toxicity profile of the compounds 9i, 9m, and 9h were also predicted.

Background Identifying factors affecting nursing students’ adjustment to the internship conditions can enable nursing officials to make important decisions that can help students benefit more from their internship period according to expected goals. Objectives The present study was conducted to explain the facilitating and inhibiting factors of nursing students' adjustment to the internship. Design The qualitative content analysis approach was used. Setting The present study was conducted at a nursing and midwifery school affiliated with a large metropolitan medical university in northern Iran. Participants A total of 17 final-year nursing students who did morning shifts during the week and a day-long (morning and evening) shift per week, were selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation. Methods Data were collected over 17 months through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, then carefully transcribed and analyzed using Graneheim & Lundman qualitative content analysis approach. Results Support systems, the internship structure and its setting, and personal and professional factors were the three themes identified as facilitators and barriers of adjustment. Conclusion According to the results, factors affecting students' adjustment to internship manifest their effect over a continuum, in the form of adequate/poor support, high/low self-efficacy, and appropriate/inappropriate internship structure and setting. Moreover, support systems are among the most important factors affecting nursing students' adjustment to the internship. Furthermore, the role of hospital staff in accepting or rejecting the conditions and issues that participants face during their internship is very important.

In this paper, we introduce various definitions of R-duals, to be called R-duals of type I, II, which leads to a generalization of the duality principle in Banach spaces. A basic problem of interest in connection with the study of R-duals in Banach spaces is that of characterizing those R-duals which can essentially be regarded as M-basis. We give some conditions under which an R-dual sequence to be an M-basis for X., Mathematics; Markushevich basis; Riesz basis; Schauder frame; Riesz-dual sequence

A series of new quinazolinone-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives 10A-L were synthesized by simple chemical reactions and were investigated for inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. New synthesized compounds showed high α-glucosidase inhibition effects in comparison to the standard drug acarbose and were inactive against α-amylase. Among them, the most potent compound was compound 10L (IC50 value = 40.1 ± 0.6 µM) with inhibitory activity around 18.75-fold more than acarboase (IC50 value = 750.0 ± 12.5 µM). This compound was a competitive inhibitor into α-glucosidase. Our obtained experimental results were confirmed by docking studies. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the most potent compounds 10L, 10G, and 10N against normal fibroblast cells and in silico druglikeness, ADME, and toxicity prediction of these compounds were also evaluated.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acupressure on the symptoms severity, function status and electrodiagnostic findings in patients with Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).This double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 57 patients with CTS that selected through convenience sampling. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups, including (1) acupressure; (2) placebo acupressure; and (3) control.The study was conducted in the medical centers affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.The intervention groups received acupressure or placebo for one month. The control group received only routine cares (splints and analgesics) with no additional intervention.The severity of symptoms and hand function were evaluated by the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire, and electrodiagnostic findings, including Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Distal Sensory Latency (DSL), and Distal Motor Latency (DML) were measured by Electromyography device before and after the intervention.The results showed significant differences in the mean severity of symptoms, hand function, NCV, DSL, and DML before and after the intervention in the acupressure group (P 0.05). Significant differences were also observed between the means difference in severity of symptoms, hand function, and NCV, DSL, and DML before and after the intervention in the three groups (P 0.05).According to the results, acupressure was effective in reducing the severity of clinical symptoms, improving the hand function, and improving the electrodiagnostic findings. Therefore, the application of acupressure can be recommended for improving clinical symptoms of patients with CTS.

This paper presents an optimization approach for the removal of lead ions (Pb+2) by nano-hydroxyapatite powder form adsorbents that were produced from bovine bone by mechanical activation method. The Taguchi method was implemented for designing the experiments by considering four controllable factors including (1) ball milling time (A), (2) the initial concentration of lead ions (B), (3) initial pH of the solution (C); and (4) the adsorbent dosage (D), each factor at four different levels. According to the ANOVA analysis results, the removal efficiency of the lead ions was predominantly influenced by the adsorbent dosage (38.2%) and the initial lead ions concentration (23.64%), whereas the effect of initial pH of the solution was ignorable and the ball milling time had a mild contribution of 14.79%. The total optimum adsorptive lead ions removal of 100% was achieved by optimization process at operating conditions of Co = 180 mg L− 1, ball milling time = 2 h, pH = 3, and adsorbent dosage = 0.15 g. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted to the equilibrium results with good accuracy and a maximum sorption capacity of 200 mg g−1 was predicted by the model for the hydroxyapatite adsorbent ball milled for 2 h.

This study investigated the effect of various dispersing media on the silane functionalization of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay (Na Mt) to evaluate each medium's effectiveness on the intercalation and chemical grafting of silane coupling agent. The amount of intercalation was estimated using the equation that was developed in our previous work based on thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the amount of silane intercalation was the greatest for water and glycerol media (≈1.582 mmol/g clay and ≈1.480 mmol/g clay, respectively), which was in agreement with the d001-values calculated by the XRD analysis (≈19.6 A and ≈14.4 A, respectively). 29Si NMR results showed a new T site in addition to Q peaks for all modified nanoclays in different dispersing media, indicating the occurrence of silane chemical grafting at the surface of the nanolayers. The A T 3 A Q 3 in NMR spectra was used to compare the amount of chemically grafted silane in different dispersing media, a new approach for Mt material. Hydrogen-bonding solvents (water, glycerol and ethanol), and polar solvents (DMF and THF) showed greater T3 peak intensities compared to other dispersing media, indicating higher amounts of chemical grafting of silane molecules. This observation was in agreement with the broadening of FTIR peak at 1130–1000 cm− 1, which is explained by the formation of extra Si O Si bonds; that is, in turn, due to silane chemical grafting at the surfaces of the nanolayers. The silane-nanofiller interactions were correlated with the Hansen solubility parameters of different dispersing media used for the modification. This research has potential to help design and improve the nanoclay modification processes, which are used in the fabrication of clay-polymer nanocomposites.

This work presents a novel way to produce a thermally stable nanoclay with an increased interlayer space, which are the essential requirements in fabricating clay-polymer nanocomposites. Sodium montmorillonite (Na-Mt) was functionalized through two separate, consecutive reaction systems. Functionalization with an aminosilane was first performed, in order to produce reactive groups at the silicate nanolayers. In the second step, amino acid monomers were employed for a further reaction with silane-modified nanoclay. X-ray diffraction results demonstrated an increased d001-value (24 A) using 10 mmol γ-aminobutyric acid. The 001 reflection peak disappeared when 5 mmol ω-aminoundecanoic acid/g Mt was used as the second type of amino acid. Transmission electron microscopy images of modified Mt with 10 mmol ω-aminoundecanoic acid exhibited a well separated or exfoliated structure of nanolayers. Thermogravimetric measurements indicated a trend of increasing thermal stability of the modified nanoclays (350 °C to 400 °C) with increasing amounts of initial ω-aminoundecanoic acid. Based on these results, optimizing the modifiers and synthesis conditions can control the properties of modified nanoclay. Tensile modulus and strain at break of HDPE/2 mass% modified Mt showed 10% and 14% enhancements, respectively, due to the increased d001-value of the nanofiller, which results in greater filler-polymer interaction.

An efficient approach for the synthesis of N-alkyl-2-aryl-2-(6-oxo-4H-benzo[f][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-5(6H)-yl)acetamides is described. The protocol involves Ugi four-component reaction of 2-bromobenzoic acid, propargylamine, aldehydes and isocyanides followed by in situ sequential click reaction of azide ion with triple bond and N-arylation reaction to afford desired products in good to excellent yields.

The successful and novel synthesis of in-situ multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a pillared montmorillonite (Mt) nanoclay was achieved. These novel nanofillers were mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer to study electrical properties of these nanocomposites. The trinuclear Fe (III)-acetato complex, [Fe3(OOCCH3)7·OH·nH2O]+NO3−, was synthesized and analyzed by chemical analysis and FTIR spectroscopy, and was used as the precursor for the CNT synthesis. The complex proved to be an excellent precursor for the synthesis of CNTs. CNT-clay hybrid nanofillers with varying CNT contents and qualities were observed and investigated using XRD, TGA, XPS, Raman, SEM, and TEM. The ID/IG of CNTs decreased from 1.92 for 0.5 CEC of the iron complex to 0.72 for 6 CEC CNTs. The XRD indicated that Mt. layers were intercalated with iron species during the ion-exchange process, and further exfoliated due to the growth of CNTs. The synthesis yield increased at higher iron concentrations, i.e., 83.4% for 6 CEC CNTs. The 6, 7, and 8 CEC CNTs exhibited smaller diameter CNTs, 14.6 (±4.4), 18.2 (±4.4), and 16.5 (±6) nanometers, when compared to those of lower catalyst concentrations. The 8 CEC CNTs showed 3.5 S m−1 of conductivity, and ~ 90% of the sp2 structure. The electrical properties of PMMA nanocomposites showed these these CNT-clay hybrid fillers are effective for charge storage applications.

The present research reveals novel results about the silane functionalization of sodium montmorillonite (Na-Mt) by comparing the interlayer space and thermal stability of the nanofiller at different initial silane concentrations. XRD and TGA results indicate an increased d 001 and a high thermal stability for the silane-modified Na-Mt, which makes it a promising nanofiller for polymer nanocomposites. The amounts of intercalation and chemical grafting are estimated from TGA results using equations developed in this work; the silane intercalation is found to be the highest (0.504 mmol/g clay) for 9 mmol/g clay initial silane concentration, which is consistent with the d 001 -value (22.6 A). Intercalation increases with increase in initial silane concentration up to 9 mmol (intercalated amount ≈ 0.504 mmol/g clay), then decreases at higher concentrations, e.g., 15 mmol silane have an intercalated amount of 0.405 mmol/g clay. However, the chemical grafting value for 15 mmol silane is greater (0.18 mmol/g clay) relative to that of the 9 mmol silane initial concentration (0.15 mmol/g clay). This can be explained by the occurrence of the side reactions at the edges for 15 mmol silane, which reduces the intercalation amount. The rheological and tensile properties of HDPE/silane functionalized clay suggest that the storage modulus, damping factor and mechanical behavior of the composites depend on the clay nanofiller, as well as the nanocomposite preparation procedure (i.e. masterbatch technique). The tensile modulus showed ~ 15% enhancement for 85%HDPE/15%PEMA/2% modified clay over the pure polymer. TEM images revealed a well-dispersed clay structure for the HDPE/2 wt% modified-clay/PEMA nanocomposite that is prepared through the masterbatch technique.

In this paper, we first preset two-dimensional Bernstein polynomials operational matrix (2DBPOM) for two-dimensional fractional integral equations (2DFIE). Then, we introduce a computational method based on 2DBPOM to reduce the 2DFIE to those of solving a system of algebraic equations. Also, we give the error analysis. Finally, this method is applied for solving three examples to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of presented method.

Poor sleep quality is prevalent in candidates for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). The present study was conducted to compare aromatherapy with acupressure in terms of their effectiveness in sleep quality in patients undergoing PCIs.The present study was conducted on 85 patients undergoing PCIs and randomly assigned, using block randomization, to five groups, namely (1)aromatherapy, (2)placebo aromatherapy, (3)acupressure, (4)placebo acupressure (acupressure applied to a point not traditionally associated with improving sleep) and (5)control. The intervention groups received aromatherapy or acupressure or placebo from 10pm to 8am the following day. The control group received only routine care. Sleep quality was measured in the patients using a visual analog scale (VAS) that was completed by them before and after the intervention.The mean pretest score of sleep quality was 2.91 ± 0.53 in the aromatherapy group, 2.84 ± 0.47 in the placebo aromatherapy group, 2.98 ± 0.59 in the acupressure group, 2.75 ± 0.41 in the placebo acupressure group and 2.88 ± 0.41 in the controls. ANOVA suggested no significant differences among these groups in the pretest (P = 0.746). The mean posttest score of sleep quality was 3.72 ± 1.84 in the aromatherapy group, 3.70 ± 1.83 in the placebo aromatherapy group, 7.35 ± 0.99 in the acupressure group, 2.67 ± 0.41in the placebo acupressure group and 2.72 ± 0.34 in the controls, suggesting significant differences among the five groups based on the ANOVA results showed significant differences among the five groups (P 0.001). The mean posttest score of sleep quality was higher than the pretest score by 4.37 in the acupressure group compared to in the other groups (P 0.001).The present findings provided scientific evidence for the benefits of using different methods, including acupressure, for sleep quality in patients undergoing PCIs.IRCT201707248665N6.