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The use of Benzalkonium Chloride and other alternative disinfectants increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is crucial to consider their environmental effects. This study aims to investigate the toxicity potential of different concentrations of Benzalkonium Chloride on the blood cells, gills, intestines, and liver of common carp. For this purpose, 50 fish were divided into 5 groups of 10 (including one control group) and exposed to BAC concentrations of 0.10, 0.32, 0.58, and 0.75 mg/L for 28 days. The results showed that the RBC count (millions/mm³) in all exposed groups (Group B: 9.6 ± 1.07; Group C: 8.7 ± 0.78; Group D: 7.4 ± 0.96; Group E: 6.9 ± 0.55) was significantly lower (p

As a global environmental challenge, plastic pollution raises serious ecological and health concerns owing to the excessive accumulation of plastic waste, which disrupts ecosystems, harms wildlife, and threatens human health. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most commonly used plastics, has contributed significantly to this growing crisis. This study offers a solution for plastic pollution by identifying novel PET-degrading enzymes. Using a combined approach of computational analysis and metagenomic workflow, we identified a diverse array of genes and enzymes linked to plastic degradation. Our study identified 1305,282 unmapped genes, 36,000 CAZymes, and 317 plastizymes in the soil samples were heavily contaminated with plastic. We extended our approach by training machine learning models to discover candidate PET-degrading enzymes. To overcome the scarcity of known PET-degrading enzymes, we used a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model for dataset augmentation and a pretrained deep Evolutionary Scale Language Model (ESM) to generate sequence embeddings for classification. Finally, 21 novel PET-degrading enzymes were identified. These enzymes were further validated through active site analysis, amino acid composition analysis, and 3D structure comparison. Additionally, we isolated bacterial strains from contaminated soils and extracted plastizymes to demonstrate their potential for environmental remediation. This study highlights the importance of biotechnological solutions for plastic pollution, emphasizing scalable, cost-effective processes and the integration of computational and metagenomic methods.

AbstractOverexploitation of natural resources and the environment during urban development has led to numerous environmental challenges in cities. This study aimed to identify the key criteria for establishing sponge eco-city pavements using environmental technologies and assess the importance and performance of these criteria in Shiraz. The research adopted an applied approach and utilized a descriptive survey method to analyze the importance-performance of environmental technology components in sponge eco-city pavements. Initially, a Delphi study was conducted, involving 30 expert panel members selected through a snowball sampling method. Following multiple sessions, the criteria with the highest scores were identified through an importance-performance analysis. The findings revealed that permeability and cost-effectiveness were the most and least important criteria with values of 3.78 and 3.30, respectively. In terms of performance, load bearing capacity and water storage capacity scored the highest and lowest with values of 3.16 and 3.04, respectively. The importance-performance matrix positioned permeability and water storage capacity in the 1st quarter, stability and load bearing capacity in the 2nd quarter, strengthening the underground ecosystem in the 3rd quarter, and affordability in the 4th quarter. Ultimately, the study emphasized the prioritization of permeability and water storage capacity, which held the highest weights of 2.646 and 2.442, respectively. thus, they should receive primary attention in the development of pavements in Shiraz.Keywords: Eco-City, Sponge City, Ecological Approach, Pavement, Shiraz CityIntroductionRapid urbanization, unplanned urban development, and recent climate changes have had detrimental effects on human settlements and the environment. Consequently, adoption of environmental technologies to achieve a balance between environmental protection and mitigation of the adverse impacts of development has gained significant global importance in creating sustainable societies. In response to water challenges and environmental degradation, the concept of the sponge eco-city initially proposed in China holds promise in addressing environmental issues, enhancing human well-being, fostering growth and development, and achieving sustainability within communities. The sponge eco-city emphasizes the integration of environmental considerations into all physical structures within urban spaces, aiming to harmonize city development with the natural environment and advance the principle of sustainability by aligning human and ecological processes in urban settings. In light of this, the present research endeavored to analyze the importance-performance of fundamental environmental technology components in the pavements of the sponge city of Shiraz with an ecological approach. MethodologyThis study focused on Shiraz, a prominent city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. It was an applied research with a descriptive nature, employing a survey method through a questionnaire. The documentary section involved gathering theoretical data related to environmental biotechnology, urban ecological approach, sponge city, etc., from articles, books, statistical reports, and relevant documents. In the field section, a questionnaire was used to collect additional data. The Delphi panel comprised 30 experts, including professors specializing in urban planning and management, crisis management, natural resources, and urban environment. They were selected through the snowball sampling method. The identified criteria were presented to the expert panel. Following multiple sessions, the criteria with the highest scores were analyzed using the importance-performance analysis method. Research FindingsThe study revealed that the permeability component held the highest importance with a value of 3.78, while the cost-effectiveness component had the lowest importance at 3.30. Regarding performance, the load-bearing capacity component scored the highest at 3.16, whereas the water storage capacity component had the lowest score at 3.04. Additionally, the positioning of each component in the importance-performance matrix indicated that the components of permeability and water storage capacity were situated in the 1st quadrant, signifying high importance but low performance. This presented a significant weakness in Shiraz City system, necessitating immediate attention and implementation of improvement strategies. Sustainability and load-bearing capacity positioned in the 2nd quadrant demonstrated desirable performance in these areas and recommended maintaining and preserving this situation. The component of underground ecosystem enhancement fell in the 3rd quadrant, indicating low importance and low performance and suggesting a relatively negligible role in the system's efficiency and resilience. The component of cost-effectiveness placed in the 4th quadrant, represented nonessential strengths that could be better utilized by reallocating resources to strengthen other components. Ultimately, based on the weighted prioritization, permeability and water storage capacity with the highest values of respectively 2.646 and 2.442 had to be earnestly considered as fundamental priorities for improving the pavement system in Shiraz City.Discussion of Results and ConclusionThe findings suggested that the pavements in Shiraz should be constructed or reconstructed based on the principles of sponge eco-city structures. This type of pavement allows rainwater to be stored in the lower layers during rainy days and released as water vapor on sunny days. Essentially, rainwater is stored in an underlying sand layer, creating favorable conditions for the growth of tree roots and microorganisms and leading to the decomposition of absorbed pollutants and enrichment of the ecological system with nutrients, thereby promoting flourishing and diversification of the underground ecosystem and urban biology. Permeable pavement presents a viable alternative to traditional impervious pavements, mitigating adverse environmental impacts across various city areas. Rapid urbanization and unplanned urban development in Shiraz have altered land use patterns, leading to conversion of land into urban construction, expansion of roads, increased impervious surfaces, loss of valuable environmental resources, diminished agricultural lands, reduced and polluted water resources, intensified heat island effect, habitat destruction, and decreased biodiversity. Consequently, decision-making institutions, planners, and urban managers in Shiraz should prioritize the sponge eco-city approach in future development plans as a necessity to address the myriad challenges of urbanization and achieve sustainable development goals.

Introduction: Loyalty of a tourist to a specific destination is a key issue in urban tourism management. A high level of loyalty in a destination can have positive consequences for the development of tourism in that region. One of the important topics in this field is the strategic measurement and analysis of the level of tourism loyalty in different dimensions and components and providing strategies to improve it. In the meantime, measuring the goals, capabilities of cities, and the opportunities and challenges ahead in the field of tourism loyalty and knowing the competitors of the destination are taken into account for the strategic analysis of tourism loyalty. As one of the urban tourism destinations of Iran, the city of Yazd attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year with its many tourist spaces and products. the main goal of the research is to provide strategies for the development of the loyalty level of Yazd city through the recognition and evaluation of the objectives, capabilities, opportunities, challenges and competitors of the city's tourism and evaluating its strategic suitability.Data and Method: the current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive of the survey type based on its nature and method. The required data is prepared based on the library and field method. The statistical sample of the research was 30 people from the group of experts, including officials and managers of tourism, researchers and researchers, owners of tourism businesses, and a number of residents with a history of the city, which due to the limited statistical population, the whole number method was used to get samples. became. For the strategic analysis of the research, Meta-SWOT analytical model, which is an advanced SWOT model, has been used.Results: The results showed that the most important resources and capabilities in order to improve the level of tourism loyalty in the city of Yazd include the positive effects of the globalization of the city of Yazd on improving the character of the city and its historical attractions, changing the positive mentality of tourists towards the city, understanding its scientific and historical value. And to arouse their feelings, to raise the quality of services, relative participation of citizens in social and tourism programs, acceptable tourism security and urban infrastructure and services, agency services and health tourism ConclusionThe result of the strategic analysis shows the greater homogeneity of Yazd's tourism capabilities and external factors and goals in terms of strategic fit, and the aforementioned capabilities play an important role in improving the level of loyalty at a medium level, and based on this, solutions have been presented to improve it.

Background: Today, methanol intoxication is increasing. Identifying mortality predictors has a significant correlation with poisoning progress. This meta-analysis study aimed to identify and evaluate mortality predictors for methanol poisoning. Methods: In this study, we searched electronic databases for case-control and cohort studies related to methanol poisoning. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the STROBE checklist. Comprehensive meta-analysis 3 was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of the factors present, as well as to perform heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias assessments. Results: In this meta-analysis study, 14 out of 945 initial studies were included. The results identified 15 mortality predictors of methanol poisoning. The risk factors were ranked by the integrated OR values and included venous blood pH (OR=3.79, 95% CI, 2.42%, 5.19%), methanol concentration (OR=1.64, 95% CI, 1.05%, 2.55%), venous carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) (OR=9.993, 95% CI, 5.80%, 17.18%), base deficit (OR=2.943, 95% CI, 1.20%, 7.165%), hemodialysis time (OR=2.69, 95% CI, 1.35%, 5.35%), blood sugar (OR=9.84, 95% CI=3.86, 25.09), venous bicarbonate (HCO3) (OR=2.97, 95% CI, 1.68%, 5.26%), creatinine (OR=13.10, 95% CI, 2.68%, 64.04%), potassium (K) (OR=3.51, 95% CI, 1.66%, 7.43%), alanine aminotransferase (OR=7.57, 95% CI, 1.03%, 55.57%), sodium (OR=6.69, 95% CI, 1.78%, 25.12%), white blood cells (OR=7.16, 95% CI, 1.42%, 36.16%), coma (OR=32.73, 95% CI, 18.59%, 56.70%), visual disturbances (OR=3.37, 95% CI, 1.59%, 7.16%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (OR=1.94, 95% CI, 1.16%, 3.22%). Conclusion: Identifying mortality predictors and disease progression in methanol intoxication patients can help doctors diagnose patients at risk better and faster to provide effective treatment interventions for them.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical syndrome in hospitalized patients associated with uric acid levels in patients. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of AKI using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed based on PRISMA guidelines. A query on international databases, including Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and the Google Scholar search engine, was conducted using relevant keywords. The literature search stage was updated until January 2023. Data were analyzed in STATA 14 software. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered for all tests. Results: A total of 22 articles published from 2006 to 2023 with a sample size of 82469 patients were reviewed. The estimated odds ratio (OR) was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.63, 2.35, P=0.000, I2=89.6%) between hyperuricemia and the risk of AKI and 1.64 (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.20, P=0.012, I2=63.2%) between hyperuricemia and AKI mortality and these relationships were statistically significant. In addition, the OR of hyperuricemia and AKI was 1.96 (95% CI: 0.97, 3.98, P=0.000, I2=97.9%) in males and 2.34 (OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.14, 4.78, P=0.000, I2=97.9%) in females. The OR of hyperuricemia and AKI was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.10) in 30-39 years, 2.37 (95% CI: 1.04, 5.42) in 40-49 years, 4.71 (95% CI: 1.29, 17.20) in 50-59 years, 2.07 (95% CI: 1.58, 2.71) in 60-69 years, and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.93) in 70-79 years age groups. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia significantly increases the risk of AKI and mortality. Therefore, by reducing the serum level of uric acid, the risks caused by it can be avoided. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website (ID: CRD42023393648).

Introduction: It is crucial for patients with chronic disease to learn the skills they need to manage their illnesses, which is called empowerment. Objectives: This review study aimed to evaluate the need for empowerment and self-efficacy in patients with chronic disease. Methods: The keywords were looked up in articles published between 2014 and 2023 using electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the search engine Google scholar. All obtained pertinent papers and books were analyzed based on the search method and the established criteria, and all redundant and unrelated items were excluded. Results: Results showed that empowerment and self-efficacy were conducted as a technique or strategy to guide patients and caregivers. An empowerment and self-efficacy model can promote quality of life (QoL) in chronic disease patients. Despite empowerment being beneficial for patients with chronic illnesses in previous studies, it should also be implemented for patients with other diseases. Conclusion: Given this literature results, the empowerment and self-efficacy model can improve the QoL in patients with chronic illnesses. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website (ID: CRD42023417639).

Fe3O4/ ZnO/Ag magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized for the first time and its ability was evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of albumin in aqueous solutions under UV-A light. The resulting nanoparticles were then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibration magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier infrared (FTIR). The effects of some parameters such as pH, initial albumin concentration, catalyst concentration, and temperature were also investigated in the photodegradation of albumin. The results showed that the maximum removal of albumin was obtained at pH 9, catalyst concentration of 0. 5 g/l, initial albumin concentration of 150 mg/l, and room temperature in 90 min. Under the optimum conditions, the total amount of organic carbon (TOC) was 56%. Kinetic degradation experiments followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with a constant rate (k) of 0.0255 min-1. Therefore, due to the high performance of Fe3O4/ ZnO/Ag magnetic nanocomposite in the degradation of albumin as well as its easy synthesis and separation with an external magnetic field, it can be used as a suitable and environmentally friendly catalyst for the degradation of organic and resistant pollutants in the wastewater.

In this study, the synthesis of a magnetic multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite hydrogel (MMWCNT/Hydrogel) are investigated.(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate monomers were grafted onto the sodium alginate backbone via initiation by ammonium persulfate (APS), and at the same time, the crosslinking were occurred by using N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA). Factors affecting the water swelling during the hydrogel synthesis, including monomer concentration, MBA concentration and APS concentration were systematically optimized. Swelling capacity was measured at various temperatures, pH values and salt concentrations, and the dependence of swelling properties of the hydrogel nanocomposite on these factors was well demonstrated. The synthesized samples were fully characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy analysis (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM).

Aquatic ecosystems contaminated by heavy metals are a worldwide concern. These metals are toxic and persistent. This research aimed to measure mercury in the hair of fishermen, working at Chahnimeh Reservoirs, Iran. Samples were collected from April 2012 through October 2012 from 40 local fishermen in Chahnimeh Reservoirs, Iran. Fishermen with teeth filled with amalgam (a source of mercury) were excluded. The average amount of mercury in the samples was 1.56 μg/g (ranging from 0.1 to 3.65 μg/g). In 29 fishermen (72%) hair mercury levels exceeded the reference dose of the USEPA. The results in this study showed that height and age was not significantly related to mercury levels, but body weight and BMI was significantly correlated.Fish consumption (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.018), weight (r=0.35, p=0.02) and BMI (r = 0.35, p=0.02) were significantly related to hair mercury levels. Fruit (p=0.017) and dairy consumption (p

Introduction: Dogonbadan City is located in Gachsaran County in the southern part of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Since the beginning of oil extraction, this region has been divided into two different residential areas in terms of living conditions. One area belonged to the employees of the Oil and Gas Company and the other was the residence of the natives of the region. In this division and accommodation, the employees of the oil company, while provided with all kinds of free services, were accommodated on flat fields and wide streets built according to international standards (as it is still the case). On the other hand, the natives of the region were settled on the hills near the city of Dogonbadan for unknown reasons, which denotes a kind of spatial injustice in the city. According to some studies, it seems that there is a relationship between the physical-environmental components, livelihood-economic base and social base of the citizens on one hand and the livability of the neighborhoods on the other hand. This study intends to pathologically examine the most important components affecting the promotion of urban livability by emphasizing the physical, spatial, social and cultural dimensions. Finally, solutions are provided to reduce the spatial injustice and improve the livability of the neighborhoods. Methodology: The present study is of an applied descriptive-analytical type. The statistical population consisted of the residents of Sadat neighborhoods (old texture) and the employees of the oil company (new texture) in Dogonbadan. The Cochran method was used to estimate the sample size, and 200 respondents were selected through random sampling. The respondents were the heads of households, owners, investors, officials and city managers in Dogonbadan. The data required for the research were evaluated through the SPSS and AMOS software programs. Results and Discussion: According to the results, the situation in the neighborhoods of Dogonbadan is unfavorable in all the components of livability. For instance, in the economic dimension, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed the low satisfaction of the citizens in Sadat neighborhood with an average of 1.87 as compared to the higher level of satisfaction of the oil company neighborhood with an average of 4.01. In the socio-cultural dimension, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test show a significant difference at the level of 99% in terms of the component of urban education and citizenship; the neighborhood of the oil company with an average of 4.3 stood in the first rank, and Sadat neighborhood of Dogonbadan with the average of 2.41 took the next position. In the physical-environmental dimension, to measure the quality of the environment and the physicality of the city, 12 components were used in this field. The results showed a significant difference of up to 95% for some components. In fact, there was a huge difference in the physical-environmental dimension between the selected neighborhoods, and the obtained averages showed that the residents of Sadat neighborhood were less satisfied than those in the oil company neighborhood. Finally, to confirm the findings, the satisfaction levels of the citizens of different neighborhoods with the services provided by the responsible organizations in the city were compared. As the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed, only in the component of public transport network expansion, there was a significant difference of up to 99% between the different urban areas; for many components such as fire station, green space, flood dam and urban furniture, there were significant differences of up to 95%. The other items were not significantly different. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be claimed that the neighborhoods of Dogonbadan are not in a favorable situation in various aspects of livability and urban sustainability. However, of the two selected neighborhoods, the residents of the oil town are in a better situation due to various social, economic and environmental advantages. The most important reasons for the differences, especially the level of livability, between the studied neighborhoods seem to be lack of proper urban services, lack of proper asphalt, surface and open sewage in Sadat neighborhood, urban management complex paying no attention to cleanliness and urban health, lack of safe drinking water, lack of connection to the smart urban transportation system, unemployment and the prevalence of false and hidden jobs, proliferation of businesses, malnutrition and homelessness, the spread of social harms, social and service discrimination and unsustainable security. The neighborhoods, especially in Sadat neighborhood, are disadvantageous in terms of bioavailability.

Background: Plants comprise great antioxidant sources as a result of their redox and biochemical components, which are rich in secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other constituents. Haplophyllum obtusifolium from polygonaceae is widely used for preventing and managing diabetes. This study investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized by H. obtusifolium. Methods: The aerial parts of H. obtusifolium were gathered from the north of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran and desiccated at the chamber temperature. The shoots were powdered by grinding, 5 g of the powder was mixed with 250 mL of deionized water, and the resultant blend was then filtered. Bactericidal properties and antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles were assessed using disk diffusion and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that the biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against a gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacterium, but they had no effects on gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antioxidant test results showed that these nanoparticles were capable of eliminating DPPH radicals in a concentration-dependent manner so that a more potent antioxidant activity was seen in higher concentrations of the nanoparticles. Conclusion: Our results suggested that H. obtusifolium can be used as a key source of antioxidants/ antimicrobial agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Introduction The existence of heavy metals in drinking water is a serious threat to consumers chr('39') health in terms of the likelihood of suffering from diseases related to contaminated water consumption. this study aimed to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in drinking tap water in Zabol city, Iran. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study 50 samples were collected from different points of the urban drinking water network of Zabol city in Winter 2019 And according to the standard method were analyzed by ICP- OES device. The mean concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron were compared with national 1053 standards of Iran, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the World Health Organization. also, health risk assessment for children and adult age groups was carried out based on the guidelines of the U.S EPA. All analysis of data and human health risk assessment were estimated by using the Excel software. Results Among the metals, the mean concentrations of arsenic­­ (0.0407 mg/l) and cadmium­ (0.0034 ­mg/l) were higher than the permissible values of Iranchr('39')s 1053 national standards and the World Health Organization. hazard index (HI) was 9.62 for children and 4.12 for adults and the total carcinogenic risk was 1.79×10-3 and showed the highest level of carcinogenic risk. Conclusion The results of this study show the existence of a significant risk of incidence of non- cancerous diseases as well as a very high risk for cancer diseases as a result of prolonged exposure for the local population (especially children). Therefore, the necessary measures must be taken as soon as possible to reduce the amount of water pollution by the responsible organizations.

Objective: Flood is the most important natural disaster that has caused many casualties and damages in different parts of the country. Considering the possibility of floods in Shiraz and the importance of resilience, especially against floods, this study was planned with aim to model the most important factors affecting social and physical resilience of Shiraz against floods. Methods: Statistical society were selected through purposive sampling that consists of 50 university professors, experts and managers in the field of crisis management in Shiraz. After identifying the dimensions and primary factors, they were evaluated using Delphi method and also structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method was used in order to analyze the data. Results:Based on the Mick Mac analysis, indicators of neighborhood status (C11), location of facilities and facilities (C8), capability and effectiveness (C10) and the degree of trust and solidarity (C9) have weak influence and dependence. Indicators of collective action and cooperation (C2), practice (C4), membership in groups and social networks (C13) have high influence, power and dependence. The variables of building strength (C1), access status (C7), type of attitude (C5) are more influenced by other factors and are effective and dependent elements. Awareness indicators (C3), acquired skills (C14), acquired knowledge (C6), procurement level (C12) are among the independent (key) variables that have a great impact on the process of physical and social resilience. Conclusion: The analysis of the resilience of human and environmental systems against natural disasters such as floods and in analyzing and reducing the vulnerability of cities and neighborhoods, we should not only emphasize the physical dimension and characteristics of communities, but also pay attention to social structures and dimensions to empower citizens and prepare for natural disaster.

BACKGROUND:Due to the large proportion of iodine present in milk and dairy products, they have been one of the important sources of nutritional iodine in several countries. Information about variation in milk iodine concentration in Iran is limited. OBJECTIVES:The present study was conducted to determine the iodine concentration in Iranian milk and dairy milk products. METHODS: In the first step, 10 commercial dairy farms (five located in tropical and other located in cold region) were included in the study. In the second step, the iodine concentration of six samples of different milk products from the retail market was determined by Sandell-Kolthoff (acid-digestion) reaction. RESULTS: The average iodine concentration of milk samples from cold region was significantly lower (50.7 ± 24.3 %) than the iodine concentration of milk samples from the tropical region (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on Iranian dairy product intake, raw, pasteurized and sterilized milk provides on average, 74.6, 84.6, 96.0 µg of iodine, approximately 29.8, 33.8, 37.6 % of the adult recommended dietary allowance for this nutrient, respectively.

The rapid development of urbanization as a result of the industrial revolution and technological advances, has had a significant impact on urban contexts and has upset social and environmental balances, resulting in the emergence of dysfunctional urban contexts. Sustainable urban regeneration approach with integrated, comprehensive and operational policy by creating positive and sustainable changes improves the quality of dysfunctional urban structures with integrated physical, social, economic and environmental goals. The future research approach is to achieve sustainable development and face the problems of the future of cities. This approach, as a methodological method, clarifies the future perspective for us by considering the past and present situation. The purpose of this article is to identify the key factors affecting the inefficient sustainable regeneration of Yazd in the horizon of 1414. Based on this, the method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, a combination of documentary and survey methods, and in terms of nature, it is based on new futuristic, analytical and exploratory methods. To analyze the variables, a combination of quantitative and qualitative models such as structural analysis of Mick Mac and Delphi method has been performed. The findings showed that the key factors affecting the future of Yazd city reconstruction in the horizon of 1414 include "international sanctions", "social and civil institutions", "inflation", "parallel institutions in most parts of government", "concentration of government offices and centers" In the capital, there are "performance of monitoring and inspection apparatuses", "domestic and foreign investment", "new technologies", "administrative system crisis" and "financial crisis".

Additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence and cloud manufacturing are three pillars of the emerging digitized industrial revolution, considered in industry 4.0. The literature shows that in industry 4.0, intelligent cloud based additive manufacturing plays a crucial role. Considering this, few studies have accomplished an integration of the intelligent additive manufacturing and the service oriented manufacturing paradigms. This is due to the lack of prerequisite frameworks to enable this integration. These frameworks should create an autonomous platform for cloud based service composition for additive manufacturing based on customer demands. One of the most important requirements of customer processing in autonomous manufacturing platforms is the interpretation of the product shape; as a result, accurate and automated shape interpretation plays an important role in this integration. Unfortunately despite this fact, accurate shape interpretation has not been a subject of research studies in the additive manufacturing, except limited studies aiming machine level production process. This paper has proposed a framework to interpret shapes, or their informative two dimensional pictures, automatically by decomposing them into simpler shapes which can be categorized easily based on provided training data. To do this, two algorithms which apply a Recurrent Neural Network and a two dimensional Convolutional Neural Network as decomposition and recognition tools respectively are proposed. These two algorithms are integrated and case studies are designed to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed platform. The results suggest that considering the complex objects which can be decomposed with planes perpendicular to one axis of Cartesian coordination system and parallel withother two, the decomposition algorithm can even give results using an informative 2D image of the object.

The rapid changes in land use and land cover in the suburbs of large cities of Iran, including the city of Arak, as an industrial metropolitan city, have caused many problems in recent decades, including degradation of natural resources, environmental pollution and poor urban development. In most cases, this has been caused by an unjustified land use change. The study of changes and destruction of resources in past years, the feasibility and prediction of these changes and the pattern of urban growth in the coming years can be an important step in planning and optimal using of resources in the future. In this study, by using Landsat multispectral satellite imagery of 2000, 2018, and 2028, lateral information, Markov chain model, and artificial neural networks, the changes that have occurred in land use and land cover in Arak over the course of 28 years were investigated. To reveal the changes, the conversion rate for each course was obtained in four classes. To investigate the images, they were corrected, and then the best bands were selected for combining the bands. In the following, the classification of rates of maximum probability and evaluation of the accuracy of the classification as well as the overall accuracy were performed with kappa coefficient. Finally, by using the Markov forecasting model and the LCM modeling approach, land use change was predicted for the year 2028. The results indicated the excessive expansion of the built areas, severe degradation of agricultural lands during the period of 2000-2010, sharp decline of barren lands, their conversion to the lands built within the boundaries of the city, and the reduction of mountainous lands in the period of 2010-2018. Modeling the changes also showed that in the period of 2018-2028, the city will grow from the north and northeast to the south and southwest (i.e. toward the mountainous and garden lands of the two villages annexed to the city).

Background: Human activities related to workshops in the cities contribute to the release of heavy metals into the environment, which pose serious risks to the environment and to human health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the pine trees and soil in various land uses of Birjand city, Iran.Methods: The sampling stations were randomly selected from different land uses including parks, streets, carwashes, car repair shops, and car smooth shops in Birjand city. The pine trees (skin and leaves) and soil samples were collected from 15 stations located at different and uses in 2017. To determine the concentration of heavy metals, atomic absorption spectrometer (Contr AA 700) was used.Results: It was revealed that the mean concentration of Pb, Fe and Mn in residential soil was 1.79, 419.39, and 30.76 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the Pb, Fe, and Mn concentration in pine skin and leaves was 0.63 – 0.18, 23.05–9.84, and 10.05–3.13 mg/kg, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) mean of the study areas demonstrated a descending trend for Fe (16.31 mg/kg)

In modern societies, there is no doubt about the importance of the role of governments in economic systems. In any economic system, the state and the market regulate and guide the economic processes. Other than these, there is another important element involved, namely institutional context. In fact, institutional context is an intermediate link between the state and the market to mediate their interactions. Institutional context determines the boundaries of the state and the market. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of political, economic and social institutions on the volume of domestic trade in Iran. To achieve this goal, the XLSTAT PLS software was used to prioritize political, economic and social institutions on the domestic trade volume of our economy. The results indicated that political, social and economic institutions have the greatest effects on the volume of the domestic trade. According to the results of the model, the indices of economic, social and political institutions respectively at the rate of 0.42, 0.379 and - 0.435 percent are suggestive of their significant effects on the volume of the domestic trade. Due to the negative effect of political institutions in this case, it is proposed that the development of e-government policies to control corruption as well as the transparency of activities in line with policy makers to improve the institutional indicators be taken into consideration.

Abstract A stable and porous amino-functionalized zirconium-based metal organic framework (Zr-MOF-NH2) containing missing linker defects was prepared and fully characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and BET surface area measurement. The Zr-MOF-NH2 was then applied as an adsorbent in pipette-tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) of carbamazepine. Important parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as pH, sample volume, type and volume of eluent, amount of adsorbent, and number of aspirating/dispensing cycles for sample solution and eluent solvent were investigated and optimized. The best extraction efficiency was obtained when pH of 100 µL of sample solution was adjusted to 7.5 and 5 mg of the sorbent was used. Eluent solvent was 10 µL methanol. Linear dynamic range was found to be between 0.1 and 50 µg L−1 and limit of detection for 10 measurement of blank solution was 0.05 µg L−1. This extraction method was coupled to HPLC and was successfully employed for the determination of carbamazepine in urine and water samples. The strategy combined the advantages of fast and easy operation of PT-SPE with robustness and large adsorption capacity of Zr-MOF-NH2.

Heavy metals are a global problem; their entrance to the human food chain bring about irreparable problems. These metals are naturally occurring in rocks and soils, but the release of metals into the soil has increased through human activity over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to determine the contamination of heavy metals like, lead and chromium in the soil around the Qayen Cement Plant using the geo-accumulation index, pollution factor and pollution index. According to a systematically sampled network at eight different directions in distances of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 1000 meters from the cement factory, totally, 64 samples were taken. Soil samples were passed through a 2-mm sieve, and then digested with hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid then the concentration of Pb and Cr was measured using atomic absorption spectrometer (Contr AA700) through flame method. The results suggest that the average metal chromium and lead were 52.05 and 66.79 mg/kg respectively. A Geo-accumulation index value for the metal in all stations at various distances is located in classes I and II (non-polluted to little contaminate). Pollution index values indicate that the stations at various distances, the moderate pollution accounted for 39 and 44% chromium and lead, as well as high pollution as 61 and 56% of these two elements respectively. In conclusion, as the result shows the concentration of Pb and Cr are higher than control samples and are accumulating.

Objective: One of the most important factors that can affect the loyalty of tourists is the security of the destination. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of security on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Shiraz with the mediating role of satisfaction and destination image. Methods: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive and survey based on the nature and method. Research data were collected in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is foreign tourists visiting the city of Shiraz in 2019. The sample size was estimated to be equal to 200 tourists according to the Cochran’s formula and a simple random method was used to distribute the questionnaire. Data collected based on descriptive and inferential statistics methods have been analyzed. Results: The results showed that Security with a coefficient of 0.20 directly and with a coefficient of 0.07 with the mediating role of the destination image and with a coefficient of 0.26 with the mediating role of satisfaction has a positive effect on the loyalty of foreign tourists in Shiraz. The overall effect of security on the loyalty of foreign tourists is equal to 0.53. Conclusion: With the increase in the level of security and the improvement of this factor in the city of Shiraz, we will see an increase in the loyalty of foreign tourists to this city, which will lead to the further prosperity of the tourism industry of this city.

The current study adopted a quantitative approach to investigating the mechanical properties, and their relationship to the microstructural features, of precipitation-strengthened 6061 aluminum alloy processed through accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and aging heat treatment. To serve this purpose, the contributions of different strengthening mechanisms including grain refinement, precipitation, dislocation and solid-solution strengthening to the yield strength of five-cycle ARB samples processed under pre-aged (ARBed) and aged (ARBed+Aged) conditions were examined and compared. Microstructural characterizations were performed on the samples through the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, the mechanical properties of the samples were investigated through the tensile test. The obtained results showed that an equiaxed ultrafine grain structure with nano-sized precipitates was created in the both ARBed and ARBed+Aged samples. The grain refinement was the predominant strengthening mechanism which was estimated to contribute 151 and 226 MPa to the ARBed and ARBed+Aged samples, respectively, while the dislocation and Orowan strengthening mechanisms were ranked second with regard to their contributions to the ARBed and ARBed+Aged samples, respectively. The overall yield strength, calculated through the root mean square summation method, was found to be in good agreement with the experimentally determined yield strength. It was also found that the presence of non-shearable precipitates, which interfered with the movement of the dislocations, would be effective for the simultaneous improvement of the strength and ductility of the ARBed+Agedsample .

Dye sewage is dangerous problem in our environmental aquatics that cause generation of harmful effects for living organism. In this work, because of simplicity, easy operation, high efficiency and no creating secondary pollutants, ultra sound radiation applied for degradation of a synthetic dye, methyl orange using zinc sulfide nano particles decorated on carbon nanotubes as nanocatalyst. ZnS/CNTs prepared by co-precipitation of carbon nanotubes and zinc aceate. Methyl orange (MO) is a cationic dye that used widely in some medical uses, coloring paper, dyeing cottons, wools, coating for paper stocks and etc. For achieving highest degradation efficiency several parameters such as pH, amount of nanocatalyst, initial dye concentration and time were evaluated and optimized. Results showed that highest degradation efficiency (100%) obtained at 0.3 gr of nanocatalyst while initial dye concentration is 30 mg/L at pH, 2. Comparison of several methods for degradation of methyl orange showed feasibility of applied method. In addition, reusability of nanocatalyst was suitable for degradation of MO in real wastewater samples.

The development of urbanization and cities sprawling growth have led to increasing problems and shortages in urban management in recent decades. One of the most emphasized approaches to improvement urban managements performance and solution to urban issues and problems is using Neighborhood Management plan or "citizens self- management" approach in urban management. In Tehran metropolis, with the contribution of urban management and interaction among other units and subdivisions, there has been conducted some appropriate projects to constitute and support the activities of neighborhood counseling units to use the capacity of participants and contribution of citizens and considering the priorities and local requirements one of which is the "neighborhood management" in this respect. The present article following this subject that, first of all, do neighborhood management have succeeded in achieving it’s goals? Secondly, how is Tehran urban management of region 1, 12 and 16 based on the indices of Good Urban Governance? Finally, is there any relation between performance of neighborhood management and capacity of achievement Good Urban Governance approach in urban management? The research methodology is descriptive, analytic and data are collected doing survey methods by questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results show that neighborhood management have not succeeded in achieving it’s goals; urban management of study area is inappropriate situation based on the indices of Good Urban Governance; and finally there is a significant relation between performance of neighborhood management plan and a capacity to realization of Good Urban Governance in urban management in study area.

Solid waste is one of the most important sources of soil contamination. Soil chemical contaminants such as heavy metals have created deep concern throughout the world. Heavy metals are naturally present in all soils, but soil contamination due to human activities is increasing. The accumulation of these metals in the soil eventually results in their entry into the food cycle and threaten human health and other living beings. In this study, the soil pollution of Zahedan city landfill by heavy metals was studied using contamination factor index. A total of 20 soil samples, 10 topsoil samples (up to 30 cm) and 10 depth soil samples (from a depth of 30 to 60 cm) were collected from landfill and processed for determination of element concentrations by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and for statistical analysis, the SPSS software version 23 was used. The results showed that mean concentrations of chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic in topsoil were 152.48, 0.213, 54.499, and 0.344 mg/kg respectively while these concentrations for deep soil were 177.14, 0.252, 49.365, 0.414 mg/kg respectively. The contamination factor index confirmed that most of sample stations were in class of low (CF >1 and 1 15≤"> CF >3) to moderate pollution.

Forecasting changes in level of the reservoir are important in Construction, design and estimate the volume of reservoirs and also in managing of supplying water. In this study, we have used different models such as Artificial Neutral Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) for forecasting fluctuations in water level of Chahnimeh reservoirs in south-east of Iran. For this purpose, we applied three most important variables in water levels of the reservoir including evaporation, wind speed and daily temperature average to prepare the best entering variables for models. In addition, none accuracy of error in estimation of hydrologic variables and none assurance of exiting models are the result of their sensitivity to the educational complex for teaching of models and also preliminary decoration before beginning general education has been estimated. After comparing exiting and confidence interval of the ANN and ANFIS has been found that the result of ANFIS model is better described than other model because it was more accurate and does have lesser assurance.

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections and Escherichia coli is the most common organism that causes UTI. However, the incidence of community acquired UTI caused by Extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of E.coli, in particular CTX-M genes, is on the rise worldwide. Aim: To detect the frequency of CTX-M gene subgroups in uropathogenic E.coli. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 240 isolates of E. coli were studied. All isolates were isolated from UTIs in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2014 to 2015. After screening for ESBL, the CTX-M, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-3 genes were detected among ESBL- producing isolates using PCR. Results: Of the 240 E. coli isolates, 67 were ESBL-producing isolates. Sixty one isolates (91%) contained CTX-M gene, of which 57 (85%), 3 (4.5%), 3 (4.5%) and 1(1.49%) contained CTXM-3, CTX-M-8, CTX- M-25 and CTX-M-2, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high resistance of E. coli to betalactam drugs in this region, these drugs have limited effects for treatment of UTI in outpatient. The frequency of CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-25 beta-lactamases in isolates of E. coli is relatively low but the overall prevalence of CTX-M and CTXM-3 beta-lactamases is high which indicates the spread of drug resistance.

Dear Editor -in - Chief Nosocomial infections are a major problem in modern medicine and an important cause of morbidity, length of hospital stay, imposed and increased costs hospitals and health risks incidence and mortality are considered. This study aimed to to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections by types of pathogens, admission ward and infection of patients admitted In the part different educational and treatment hospital is the ninth Dey of Torbat Heidarieh in 2012 and 2013. This study is cross - sectional analytical April 2012 to March 2013, done all patients with nosocomial infection in hospital on the ninth dey of Torbat Heidarieh. By definition, patients with no signs of infection, and 48 hours after hospital admission with signs of infection were studied. Instruments for gathering information, a standard demographic questionnaire nosocomial infection was the. Data collection, self-researcher and Through patient's medical records were obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and chi-square test by SPSS statistical software version 19. The prevalence of nosocomial infections, average 0/7 Percent respectively. The highest rate of nosocomial infections was observed In the orthopedic ward. The most common organisms isolated were E. Clay (9/9%), Klebsiella (7/7%), and Gram-negative (7/7 percent), entero bacteria (7/7 percent) Staphylococci Kvaglaz Positive (7/7%) patients. The most common nosocomial infections surgical site, 53 (58/2%), pneumonia in 24 patients (26/4%), urinary tract infection, 8 patients (8/8%) and bloodstream infections in 6 patients (6/6%) and The most common underlying disease associated with,was blood pressure high. Prevalence of nosocomial infections was relatively low in Torbat heydariyeh 9 dey hospital. In order to reduce nosocomial infections, early diagnosis of infection, continuous assessment of microorganisms by sanitation workers, especially in the Ortopedie, creating the necessary measures to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections and health education are recommended.

In this study, the annual and monthly equivalent dose of the operation of the Tehran Research Reactor in a human phantom in the pool and surrounding areas as well as the dome from the fission of radioactive gases (Kr, Xe, Cs, Ar, S, N, C, K, I) and suspended particulates emitted by the pool, were calculated by MCNPX code. The results show that the exposed doses by workers at the top and around the pool, when the limit was of the order of 408 hours and 1836 hours per year or speed of the air in such a way that the activity of gases given off by the pool, were reduced to 10% and 80% of the reported values explained by FSAR, respectively.

Nitric acid was used as a highly effective oxidizing agent for the very fast oxidative aromatization of novel tetrahydrochromeno[4,3-b]quinoline derivatives at ambient temperature with excellent yields.

A combination of silica sulfuric acid and sodium nitrite in the presence of wet SiO2 was used as an effective oxidizing agent for the oxidative aromatization of novel Tetrahydrochromeno[4,3-b]quinolines to their corresponding pyridine derivatives under reflux and heterogeneous conditions in high yields.

Background: Heavy metals pollution not only influences directly on physical and chemical properties, biological activity reduction, and mass access reduction of rich materials of soil, but also is considered as a serious harm in food safety and environment security. Therefore, protection of this resource and security of permanency is important. For this purpose, in this study concentration of heavy metals such as iron, copper, zinc, and nickel has been explored in agriculture soil of Sistan province central area. Methods: This study was applicable-infrastructural and 160 samples of soil from agriculture lands of central of Sistan's area were collected randomly. Iron, copper, zinc, lead, and nickel have been measured using FlameAtomic Absorption Spectrometer according t standard method. Results: Concentration average of Iron, nickel, Copper, zinc, and lead were 340.96, 18.56, 7.28, 19.806, and 29.909 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: The concentration of iron, lead, nickel, zinc, and cooper in agricultural soil was less than limited levels of WHO and according to this case; there was no problem in soil health.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of ultrasonography for results of local steroid injection in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted during a 1-year period in outpatient clinics of rehabilitation and physical medicine including 35 patients with moderate and severe CTS who receive ultrasonography-guided local steroid injection. The Boston self-assessment questionnaire and electrodiagnosis parameters were recorded at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after therapy. We also recorded the baseline ultrasonography parameters to determine the predictors of outcome. Results: The sensory severity score and functional status scale along with electrodiagnosis parameters decreased significantly at 1 month (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged after 3 months. Volar bulging was negatively associated with sensory nerve action potential latency (r = −0.392; P = 0.020). Cross-sectional area (CSA) of maximal swelling (MS; r = 0.409; P = 0.015), CSA at 2-cm of MS (r = 0.563; P < 0.001), and CSA at 12-cm of MS (r = 0.521; P = 0.001) correlated positively with compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude while maximal swelling/12-cm MS ratio (r = −0.439; P = 0.008) and maximal swelling/2-cm MS ratio (r = −0.342; P = 0.045) correlated negatively. CSA at 12-cm of MS also correlated positively with CMAP amplitude nerve conduction velocity (r = 0.436; P = 0.010). Conclusion: Volar bulging, CSA of maximal swelling, CSA of MS at 2-cm, and CSA of MS at 12-cm are among the ultrasonographic predictors of response to local steroid injection in patients with CTS.