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The Empirical Green Function and the Stochastic Finite-Fault Simulation were applied to estimate source parameters and rupture process of the November 12, 2017, earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.3 in Ezgeleh, Kermanshah, Iran. The Ezgeleh earthquake was one of the most destructive and complex events that have occurred in this region; it seems several parallel faults have been activated. We determined the focal mechanism of the main event using first motion polarities. The result shows reverse faulting with a small strike-slip component. Also, the size of the asperity in this earthquake was estimated to be about 55km in the strike direction and 25km in the dip direction. To simulate this event, corner frequency, seismic moment, stress drop, duration, and the causative fault plane model were estimated. The simulated strong ground motions in comparison with the observed ones show good agreement; the result shows that the applied rupture model for this earthquake and the synthesizing methods are effective at simulating near-source ground motions in a broad-frequency range of engineering interest. Moreover, these approaches are successful and efficient in predicting the strong motions in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. This earthquake shows us that in areas with tectonics and seismic behavior similar to those of the Zagros fold and thrust belt, the possibility of such earthquakes is not unexpected. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate probable large earthquakes for the high safety design of these areas.

Today, phenolic compounds and plant growth regulator has been proposed, to reduce the negative effects of stress. Salicylic acid is a substance that causes plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This experiment was conducted in Zabol University during 2013 as factorial randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Factors included 4 levels of lead nitrate; 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg per kg of soil and foliar application of salicylic acid at 3 levels of 0, 50 and 100 ppm. Addition of lead significantly reduced concentrations of potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorous and nitrogen and increased concentrations of sodium, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. In addition, salicylic acid spraying had a significant influence on all traits, and salicylic acid spraying at 100 mL/L increased concentrations of potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen and decreased concentrations of polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. In this study the interaction between salicylic acid and lead on potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen, sodium and catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were significant, and salicylic acid play moderating role and reducing the negative effects of lead toxicity. The results suggested salicylic acid application in basil can increase uptake of macro and micro nutrients required for plant growth and reduce the negative effects of stress lead-induced oxidative damage.

Background and Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue responses to octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and calcium hydroxide (CH) used as direct pulp capping (DPC) materials in cat teeth. Materials and Methods: 72 premolar teeth of 9 cats were selected and divided into 3 groups (Two experimental and one control group). After the cats had been anesthetized, the pulp were exposed and capped directly with OCP, CH or no capping material as control group. The cavities of all three groups were filled with Glass ionomer cement (GI). Histological evaluations were performed at two, four and eight weeks after pulp capping. After tissue preparation procedures, paraffin blocks were prepared. After preparation and staining of the sections, the relevant variables were measured by optical microscope. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests ( α =0.05). Results: Two weeks after pulp capping, all specimens in three groups showed mild to sever inflammation. The formation of hard tissue (dentinal bridge) at in the exposed areas of the experimental groups was more noticeable for calcium hydroxide than that of octacalcium phosphate group. These differences were statistically significant (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a methanolic extract of Salvadora persica solution on Helicobacter pylori isolated from duodenal ulcer. Over 22 strains of H. pylori were isolated from duodenal ulcer from August 2010 to June 2011. The S. persica stem was purchased from a local herb market and finely powdered. Extraction was performed with 60% methanol using a soxhlet extractor for 48 h until the solvent turned colorless while being incubated in an oven at 40°C for 48 h till dried. Dry powder was used to determine antimicrobial activity by the agar ditch method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined by the agar dilution method. At concentrations of 10, 100, 200, 500 µg/mL, no zone of inhibition around the ditches was observed while a clear zone of inhibition (12 mm) was detected at 1000 µg/mL concentration for all the isolates. The best antimicrobial activity was observed at MIC 1000 µg/mL (P=0.05). Furthermore, 10 out of 22 isolates were inhibited at 750 µg/mL of the extract. The MBC results showed that at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL all cells were dead while at a concentration of 750 µg/mL of S. persica a few H. pylori cells were still able to form colonies on Brucella agar supplemented with sheep red blood cells and antibiotics. From the above results it can be concluded that high concentration of S.persica could inhibit the growth of H. pylori and MIC and MBC were similar at that concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]