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This study investigates the consequences of unsustainable groundwater extraction in the Kabodarahang plain, a region significantly impacted by geohazards, such as land subsidence and sinkhole formation due to excessive groundwater use for agricultural and industrial activities. Over 32 years (1990–2022), a dramatic decrease in groundwater levels by approximately ~41 m has been observed, leading to notable geohazards. Employing radar interferometry techniques with Sentinel-1 satellite radar imagery and the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) tool, complemented by field data, this research aims to quantify the rate of subsidence and evaluate the associated risks, particularly in urban and residential zones. Findings from 2017 to 2018 indicate a subsidence rate of 14.5 cm, predominantly in urban areas, thereby elevating the risk of this geohazard. The results underscore the critical need for sustainable groundwater management policies and practices. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of radar interferometry in monitoring subsidence in the Kabodarahang plain and suggests that integrating such techniques with field surveys and satellite data can enhance the detection and management of risks related to unsustainable groundwater usage. This research contributes to the understanding of the impacts of groundwater depletion on geohazards and supports the development of strategies for sustainable groundwater use to mitigate such risks.

Geohazards, such as earthquakes, pose significant threats to human life and infrastructure in various regions across the globe. Iran, in particular, is highly vulnerable to earthquakes due to its unique structural and tectonic characteristics. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor geohazards in order to mitigate their impacts. Several techniques, including the global positioning system, geodesy, tacheometry, and mapping cameras, have been developed for this purpose. Among these methods, radar interferometry has emerged as a particularly accurate and cost-effective approach. It is capable of operating under all weather conditions, 24 h a day, and can cover large areas with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this research, we employed Sentinel 1A images and radar interferometry to investigate the changes in the Earth’s surface following earthquakes in the marginal strip of the Persian Gulf. Specifically, our focus was on earthquakes in Bandar Khamir, and we analyzed the Earth’s surface changes three days and fifteen days after the events. The findings of our study revealed that the most significant uplift occurred around Bandar Khamir, with an uplift rate of 14 cm. Conversely, the highest subsidence was observed near Bandar Charak, with a subsidence of 12 cm. Furthermore, we observed a rise of 32 cm around the eastern and northern regions of Bandar Khamir 11 days after the initial period, accompanied by a subsidence of 31 cm around Bandar Lange and Bandar Charak. These results underscore the importance of continuous monitoring of earthquakes and their impact on the Earth’s surface, particularly in coastal areas where the effects on the water table and coastal infrastructure can be severe. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of employing radar interferometry as a powerful tool for monitoring and assessing the impacts of earthquakes.

By considering the adverse environmental impacts of the cement manufacturing process, there have been many efforts for cement replacement by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), which can enhance the produced concrete performance while reducing cement consumption. This study evaluated the effects of various proportions of silica fume (SF), waste glass powder (WGP), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The properties evaluated in this study include compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack, surface resistivity, rapid chloride penetrability test (RCPT), water absorption, depth of penetration of water, and microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, chloride ion penetrability, and water absorption tests showed that adding 5% of SF to mixtures containing 10% WGP or 10% GGBFS improved concrete performance significantly due to packing density and synergistic effect; however, adding 5% of SF to concrete mixtures decreased the resistance against the magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack. The binary mixture of 15% of WGP showed appropriate performance against the magnesium sulfate and sulfuric acid attack, which may be due to the sacrificial nature of WGP. In addition, the binary mixtures of 15% of WGP and 15% of GGBFS reduced the depth of penetration of water by 45%. Microstructure analysis by SEM showed that the presence of SF, along with WGP and GGBFS, improves the packing density. Finally, adding 5% of SF is suggested to improve the properties of concrete mixtures containing WGP and GGBFS.