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Creativity is a high-level cognitive activity that can" be affected by acute aerobic exercise. This paper aims to determine how acute aerobic exercise intensities may influence aspects of divergent and convergent creative thinking. In this regard, to give an insight into the results, the predictions of the transient hypofrontality thesis and the strength model of self-control have been taken into consideration. Ninety-three healthy male college students (age = 21.18 ±1.73 years) were randomly assigned to anaerobic threshold intensity (%85 HRmax, n = 31), low intensity (%60 HRmax, n = 31), and control (n = 31) groups Participants performed divergent (Alternate Uses Task) and convergent (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test) creative thinking tasks before, during, and after cessation of two anaerobic thresholds and low intensities and control conditions. For the divergent creative thinking, flexibility and fluency performances during and after cessation of exercise in anaerobic threshold and low-intensity groups were improved in comparison to the control group. These results were consistent with the transient hypofrontality thesis and inconsistent with the strength model of self-control pre-dictions. In contrast, the performance of convergent creative thinking was relatively stable during and after cessation of exercise in anaerobic threshold and low-intensity groups which was inconsistent with both the transient hypofrontality thesis and the strength model of self-control predictions. The findings suggest that theoretical predictions of transient hypofrontality thesis are more adaptable with literature than the strength model of self-control to consider the exercise-creative processes relationship and further study of the issue would be of interest. Key words: Cognition, Convergent, Creativity, Divergent, Self-depletion, Physical Activity

The burgeoning popularity of community question-answering platforms as an information-seeking strategy has prompted researchers to look for ways to save response time and effort, among which question entailment recognizing, question summarizing, and question tagging are prominent. However, none has investigated the implicit relations between these tasks and the benefits their interaction could provide. In this study, ReQuEST, a novel multi-task model based on bidirectional auto-regressive transformers (BART), is introduced to recognize question entailment, summarize questions respecting given queries, and tag questions with primary topics, simultaneously. ReQuEST comprises one shared encoder representing input sequences, two half-shared decoders providing intermediate presentations, and three task-specific heads producing summaries, tags, and entailed questions. A lightweight fine-tuning technique and a weighted loss function help us learn model parameters efficiently. With roughly 187k learning parameters, ReQuEST is almost half the size of BARTlarge and is two-thirds smaller than its multi-task counterparts. Empirical experiments on standard summarization datasets reveal that ReQuEST outperforms competitors on Debatepedia with a Rouge-L of 46.77 and has persuasive performance with a Rouge-L of 37.37 on MeQSum. On MediQA-RQE as a medical benchmark for entailment recognition, ReQuEST is also comparable in accuracy with state-of-the-art systems without being pre-trained on domain-specific datasets.

In this study, the critical state shear strength of a type of sand with different silt percentages in saturated and unsaturated states has been investigated. For this purpose, a number of undrained consolidated (CU) and drained consolidated (CD) triaxial tests were performed on saturated and unsaturated samples, respectively. The samples were sheared under confining pressures of 50, 100 and 150 kPa and suction levels of 50, 100, 150 and 250 kPa for unsaturated samples. In the saturated state, the results showed that if samples are remolded with the same eeq, for the different percentages of fines the critical state lines are converged. In the unsaturated state and net stress state, the critical state line is not only dependent on suction, but also changes with changes in the percentage of fines. However, in the effective stress state, by applying the appropriate effective stress relations and the concept of equivalent intergranular skeleton void ratio, these lines can be converged independently of suction and fine content and reach a single critical state line in the stresses space.

Urbanization without planning causes concerns about biodiversity loss, congestion, housing, and ecosystem sustainability in developing countries. Therefore, resilience and regeneration following urbanization are critical to city planning and sustainable development. Integrating multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) with geographic information systems (GIS) can be a promising method for analyzing city resilience and regeneration. This study aims to use two MCDMs, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Best–Worst Method (BWM), to evaluate the resilience of metropolitan neighborhoods in Tehran. Fourteen criteria were selected to represent the city’s resilience, and the weights of two models were evaluated for their spatial patterns using GIS. The results showed that the building age was the most important criterion in both methods, while the per capita green space was the least important criterion. The weights of the most important criterion, the building age, for the ANP and BWM, were 19.56 and 18.98, respectively, while the weights of the least important criterion, the per capita green space, were 2.197 and 1.655, respectively. Therefore, the MCDM with GIS provides an approach for assessing city resilience and regeneration priority.

The extent of damage to historic structures is influenced by several factors, including the magnitude and distribution of static and dynamic loads applied over time, as well as fluctuations in the stability level that lead to nonlinear behavior. In this study, the nonlinear behavior of the Sio-Se-Pol Bridge in Isfahan is investigated with respect to these factors. The complex behavior of building materials under different loading conditions poses a challenge for numerical modeling of historical structures. Tensile cracks in building materials can occur due to static and dynamic loading and lead to a reduction in cross-sectional stiffness. This phenomenon exacerbates the severity of existing cracks, stimulates the formation of new cracks and increases the structural deformation of the building. Therefore, it is crucial to use an advanced behavior model that is able to effectively simulate the occurrence and growth of tensile cracks. In this study, the damage-plasticity model based on plasticity theory was used to analyze stresses in brittle materials such as brick building materials. Insufficient knowledge about the material behavior and lack of information about the strength parameters made it necessary to perform various tests on the brick unit (brick and mortar) used in the bridge. According to the results of the non-linear analysis, the dimensions of the current foundation are considered sufficient for the stress distribution under the foundation, taking into account the bearing capacity ratio and the settlements in the transverse direction. The drop in the groundwater level does not appear to have a significant impact on the width of the bridge in terms of structural damage. The occurrence of longitudinal tension cracks with a uniform pattern over the entire length of the bridge can be attributed to changes in the load transfer system and the associated local effects.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the library software of Pars Azarakhsh, Simorgh, and Saman in terms of information retrieval features in the web environment. The present study is applied type. The statistical population consists of Pars Azarakhsh, Simorgh, and Saman library software. To measure, review, identify and evaluate the dimensions of the research, the status of library software in 5 indicators was reviewed and analyzed. The data of this research were collected by observing the software website and using the opinions of the software experts and were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Findings showed that in the field of search capabilities in various fields, Pars Azarakhsh with 98.85% points, and Saman and Simorgh with 96.55% points obtained the highest and lowest scores. In the section of various search formulations, Simorgh and Pars Azarakhsh with 100% points and Saman software with 83.34% points obtained the highest and lowest scores. In other types of software searches, Pars Azarakhsh with 78.43% points, and Saman software with 76.97% points had the highest and lowest points. The results also showed that the studied software, in terms of retrieval and information retrieval features in the web environment, had good improvements over their previous versions and were able to meet more than 80% of the criteria studied in this study.

This study was conducted to examine the extent to which the key features of Game-Based Approaches (GBAs) are used by Iranian Physical Education (PE) teachers with different genders and educational stages, and to identify the strongest predictors of whether they perceive they are teaching games using GBAs. Through an online survey, 256 PE teachers (123 women, 40.6% primary school) completed the questionnaire designed by García-López et al. (2019), which included questions on games content, planning, teaching strategies and assessment. The results showed that Iranian PE secondary school (SS) and primary school (PS) teachers, in addition to focusing on students' technical development, consider games rules as a key element. They were interested in using thematic approaches and modified games. However, the older the students, especially after the 9th grade, the lower was teachers' engagement with teaching through GBAs. SS teachers introduced more theoretical content and structural, technical and tactical elements than PS teachers. The women used GBAs in their teaching more than the men. The use of tactical problems and tactical complexity in the Iranian teachers’ lesson planning were the strongest predictors of their perception of whether they use GBAs in their teaching. The results highlight that Iranian PE teachers’ teaching style, especially in grades above 9th and in boys, must be taken into account to promote students’ technical and tactical capabilities. Key Words: Teaching Games, Pedagogy, Sports, Students, Physical Education

Lack of transportation services in low-income communities greatly affects people’s health and well-being, creating barriers to social determinants of health (SDOH). One potential solution that has gained the attention of US decision-makers in recent years is microtransit, a transportation intervention aimed at addressing this issue. Despite promising results from prior microtransit implementation, the extent to which these programs deliver social benefits remains uncertain. This study presents a novel model called Social Return on Investment System Dynamics (SROISD) to forecast the social benefits of a microtransit program in Holmes County, Mississippi. The SROISD model identifies the scope and key stakeholders, maps outcomes, and gives outcomes a value. A causal loop diagram is developed next based on mapped outcomes and a literature review, thereby conceptualizing the processes through which social benefits are gained from the microtransit program. Three stock and flow diagrams are then created from the causal loop diagram to formulate the system and produce results. Outcomes mapped relative to three SDOH areas (1) accessing healthcare, (2) accessing employment, and (3) social participation indicate an overall positive return from investing in microtransit within the low-income community of interest. Additionally, ridesharing demonstrates a significant positive correlation with the SROI ratio. These findings offer support for the advantages of investing in microtransit. Additionally, the SROISD methodology offers decisionmakers a dynamically responsive approach that integrates traditional return on investment methodologies with system dynamics to explore social benefits across a variety of impact categories.

Blood transfusion safety is an essential element of public health. Current blood screening strategies rely on targeted techniques that could miss unknown or unexpected pathogens. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of a viral community (virobiota/virome) in the blood of healthy individuals. Here, we characterized the blood virome in patients frequently exposed to blood transfusion by using Illumina metagenomic sequencing. The virome of these patients was compared to viruses present in healthy blood donors. A total number of 155 beta-thalassemia, 149 hemodialysis, and 100 healthy blood donors were pooled with five samples per pool. Members of the Anelloviridae and Flaviviridae family were most frequently observed. Interestingly, samples of healthy blood donors harbored traces of potentially pathogenic viruses, including adeno-, rota-, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Viruses of the Anelloviridae family were most abundant in the blood of hemodialysis patients and displayed a higher anellovirus richness. Pegiviruses (Flaviviridae) were only observed in patient populations. An overall trend of higher eukaryotic read abundance in both patient groups was observed. This might be associated with increased exposure through blood transfusion. Overall, the findings in this study demonstrated the presence of various viruses in the blood of Iranian multiple-transfused patients and healthy blood donors.

This article examines the impacts of infrastructural integration of regional transport (IIRT) on tourism and the idea of using IIRT to promote tourism. The process of striving for IIRT requires a number of factors to be operationalized, among which the most common are: multimodal terminals (MMT), shared stops (SST), highway construction and improvement (HCI), and railway construction and improvement (RCI). The aim of this article is to evaluate the impacts of IIRT factors on the factors which lead towards the promotion of tourism. The results showed that Guilan province, despite of profiting with all four major transportation modes, has a lack of infrastructural integration among all transportation modes. Furthermore, it was concluded that IIRT can have a significant effect on the promotion of tourism and it can be used as an approach to promote the tourism industry of Guilan province with using several strategies in this regard.

1. Introduction Armenia has long been of importance for the Iranian plateau because of its geographical location. The formation of the Parthian Empire on the Iranian plateau and the advance of the Roman Empire to the eastern territories has doubled the significance of this land. That's why the rivalry between Iran and Rome intensified for influence on this land. However, the rivalry between Iran and Rome for the capture of Armenia after military conflicts led to the formation of a branch of the Parthian in Armenia, but the rivalry between Iran and Rome, as a result of the Romanian dissatisfaction, did not stop, and for the past century The sequel to the main conflict between Iran and Rome. 2. Methodology This essay, based on descriptive analytical method, analyzes the formation of the Armenian Parthian dynasty by analyzing the political relations between Iran and Rome and identifying its factors and fields with the help of new sources and research. The main issue of the present article is that the influence of the Parthians on Armenia was influenced by the factors and how the Parthians, despite the intense rivalry of the Romans to dominate the region, succeeded in consolidating their dominance over Armenia in 63 AD. 3. Discussion The succession crises of Phraates IV in Iran make the Romans easily interfere in Armenia's political affairs and protect Armenia. Instead, the Romans consider Phraates V as the Parthian and Euphrates empire as the border between the imperial monarchy and Roman Empire recognize) Velleius Paterculus, 1924, II, 101-102). Abandoning Phraates V from Armenia was contrary to the policy pursued by the Parthians from the time of Mithridates II to unite Armenia and influence in this land in front of the Roman, and perhaps Phraates's silence about this was one of the reasons for the dissident dissatisfaction with Phraates V. Because the Parthian liturgy ultimately set up a rebellion against him and, after a brief strike, removed him from the kingdom and killed him(cf. Josephus, 1969, Book XXXIII, 2). It is apparent that the Parthians were well aware of the strategic and influential importance of Armenia, and it was possible that the Roman influence in Armenia and even Iran, and the silence of Phraates V, would have been dangerous. Augustus the Roman emperor, then held Armenia as a puppet kingdom, and appointed Vonon I to its kingdom (cf. Temporini & Haase, 1980, 1160). In this way, under the pressure of the imperial monarchy, the death of the emperor and Artabanus's pressure on his successor to drive Vonon from Armenia eradicated this danger from the Parthians. For the next three years, Wonon was removed from the Armenian throne by Romans(Garsoian, 1997, 64). Perhaps this was done by the Romans, following the pressure and compromise that Artabanus II had with the new Roman Emperor, because the Parthian monarchy felt the presence of one of his rivals on the throne of Armenia as a great danger, and as a result, It can take away this danger. After more than fifteen years of peaceful coexistence between the two powers of Iran and Rome, this peaceful coexistence eventually came to an end in 35 AD, after the death of Artaxes III, the king of Armenia(cf. Schippmann, 1986, 647-50). Artabanus took the opportunity and took his son Arashk on his throne and in his letter to Tiberius he inherited the owner of the Achaemenid and Selukid(cf. Tacitus, 1959, Book VI, 31). Artabanus's goal was to restore the Achaemenid frontiers. Artabanus was able to some extent rebuild his influence over the rebellious nobility in different parts of the country, and also his success in foreign policy, and in particular his continuing involvement in the affairs of Armenia, pushed Rome to deflect the Parthians into internal affairs and conflicts Engage in power. As a result, Artabanus eventually fails to take Armenia's arrogance after several attempts to overthrow Armenia, but it does not appear that Artabanus has completely hoped for Armenia. With the beginning of the second half of the first century, the first Vologases (about 51-79 AD) end tensions and conflicts within the royal dynasty and its main policy is directed towards Armenia. The classic sources confirm that the main axis of the policy was the first issue of Armenia(Tacitus, 1959: Book XV, 24). For this reason, he brings an army to Armenia and nominates his brother as the king of Armenia(Tacitus, 1959: Book XII, 50). The capture of Armenia took place without resistance and opposition from the indigenous population, indicating that the Armenians preferred the Parthians to the Romans(Garsoian,1997: 64). It seems that the Armenians were tired and sick of Romanism in Armenia, and they did not want to return to their own destiny and their country to the Romans who did not share them. Of course, Roman did not remain silent against this decision by the Armenians and the Parthian King of King, and after several occasions of fighting and defeat of the Parthians, it was finally possible to resolve the Armenian issue with peaceful and peaceful means. Therefore, after negotiations, both sides agreed with Randia's agreement that Prince Arsachd would be the king of Armenia, provided that he received the royal crown only from the emperor. With this agreement, the Parthians became the real masters of Armenia, and at the same time recognized the validity of Rome's claim to create a secular kingdom. 3. Conclusion During the Parthian period, Armenia, for each of the powers of Iran and Rome, was to exert influence over the territories of the other side and preserve the domination of the territories under their possession. The fall of the local Armenian dynasty in Armenia by the Roman Empire caused the Armenian nation's dissatisfaction with the Roman Empire and their tendency towards the Parthians. As a result, the Armenian armed forces undertook measures to overthrow the Roman influence in the area. In particular, during the Artabanus II period, which was of great importance to Armenia, and in the aftermath of the revival of the former monarchy, the Parthians, in competition with the Roman Empire, were able to slaughter Romanian kings many times from Armenia and instead put their children on the Armenian throne. But the Roman Empire, by incitement to the invading nations of Iran and the support of the Parthian princes in Rome, caused Artabanus's plight that he was unable to address in Armenia. Of course, the competition between the Romanized Greeks in Armenia and their quarrels over power sparked the Armenian hatred of the Romans and reasserted their long-standing ties to the Parthians again. As a result, the Arsacds King of King, with the support of the Armenian clans and after several fights with the Roman Empire, sacked his brother Tiridates, with the apparent confirmation of Rome, on the throne of Armenia. Although this was done by agreement between Iran and Rome, however, since the Roman Empire was forced to do so by diplomacy and by force of the Parthian Arms, it would use every chance to prevent the formation of the Arsacids of Armenia. But the support of the paratroopers from this dynasty in Armenia, because of the strategic position of this land, prevented the realization of this goal of Rome.

Purpose: The increase of bacterial resistance to common antibacterial agents is one of the major problems of health care systems and hospital infection control programs. In this study, antimicrobial activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated against E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic bacteria by determining sensitivity coefficient and kinetics of bacterial death. Methods: Antimicrobial tests were performed with ~106 CFU/mL of each bacterium at baseline. At first, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was concluded by the dilution method and then, death kinetic and susceptibility coefficient of NPs suspensions was determined at 0 to 360 min. treatment time. Results: The results of this study revealed that, the highest susceptibility was observed for L. monocytogenes (Z=0.025 mL/μg) to TiO2 NPs, whereas the lowest susceptibility was obtained in the reaction of ZnO NPs with S. enteritidis (Z=0.0033 mL/μg). The process of bacterial death in NPs suspension was assumed to follow first-degree kinetic and the survival ratio of bacteria decreased by the increase in treatment time. An increase in the concentration of NPs was seen to enhance the bactericidal action. Conclusion: Results showed that L. monocytogenes had higher sensitivity compared to S. enteritidis. The results of this study also demonstrated that TiO2 NPs have a strong antimicrobial effect in comparison with ZnO NPs and it could be employed to aid the control of pathogenic bacteria.

Background and Aim: Extensive prevalence of myocardial infraction, and an increase of 36% in total deaths due to it by 2020, and attention to the causes and methods of alternative therapy is very important. There are different ways in treating these patients that endurance training is one of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of incremental endurance training on serum levels of TSP-1 and MMP-1 in male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: In this controled experimental study with control group, 20 rats weighing 230 ±30 g (8-week-old) were randomly divided into incremental endurance training and control, after induction of infarction with Isoproteronol (150 mg/kg). The training group performed an 8-week training session (3 sessions a week, for 20 to 50 minutes at 12 to 18 meters per minute).Then, 24 hours later, the venous blood sample was collected to evaluate serum concentrations of TSP-1 and MMP-1 and transferred to the laboratory. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data at a significant level of p

The theory and practice of language teacher autonomy seems to be contradictory in terms. While, in theory, language teaching is conceptualized as a reflective process wherein teachers exercise their professional expertise, in many contexts including some private language schools of Shahrood and Semnan, teaching performance is tightly monitored through closed-circuit cameras. This study attempts to explore language teachers’ perceptions of teaching under video surveillance through elicitation data gathered and analyzed based on grounded theory. Iterative data collection and analysis and the constant comparative techniques revealed that video surveillance negatively affects language teaching since the participants believed it violates their rights to privacy, induces artificial practice, suppresses teacher initiatives, and deskills teachers by inducing disused atrophy. Through the counter-evidence presented by the language teachers, it was also found that the rationales for using video surveillance are unjustified. The findings of this study have clear implications for managers, supervisors and language teachers teaching in private language schools in the context of this study and other similar contexts.

Dimensionless coefficient (l) in convergence confinement method indicates the relaxation of stress in the wall of the tunnel at different excavation movements. This factor is contemplated a constant number in previous studies and tunnel geometric characteristics (such as depth, cross-section shape, radius, soil material, etc.) are not included in its determination; however, ignoring these effects can cause significant errors in the analysis of tunnels. In this article, the effect of excavation pattern and tunnel cross section shape on stress reduction factor is investigated. For this purpose, at first, by considering the conventional cross sections of the tunnel (circular, horseshoe, and double arch), applying finite difference numerical simulation software FLAC 2D and FLAC 3D, the type of excavation (full face and multi face) was inspected in estimating the stress reduction factor by considering depth, radius, and dissimilar points around the tunnel. At last, studies were carried out between the 2D and 3D analyses and the experiments conducted at Karaj Subway to verify the results obtained from the above 2D analyses. The results of this study indicate the significant effect of radius, depth, point position around tunnel cross-section and its shape on stress reduction factor. Convergence around tunnel variation was observed about 21 percent in horseshoe tunnel. However, the maximum and minimum convergence value was in circle and double arch respectively in a constant radius and depth. The results illustrate the variety percentage error in tunnel wall about 27, 10 and 7 percent for circle, double arch and horseshoe respectively. Nonetheless, percentage error was decreased by increasing the tunnel radius. Applying variable stress reduction factor in the all-around of tunnel cross section can lead to more realistic simulations of complex behavior of tunnels during the excavation. Moreover, this method can be utilized for the analysis and design of tunnel due to its time saving nature and at the same time sufficient accuracy.

With bounding the borders of Iran and Rome at the time of Parthian Mithradates II (124-87 BC), a frequent confrontation started between the two superpowers in order to achieve important bordering areas, especially Armenia. This confrontation led to sign a peace treaty called Rhandeia in 63 AD. According to treaty a branch of the Parthian Royal family (Arshakuni dynasty) took the power in Armenia on the condition of verification and commitment the Roman Empire. The success of the Parthian in investing the kingdom of Armenia to prince of their family, and starting Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia, led to irritate Rome later, because this treaty apparently had put an end to the issue of Armenia in favor of Rome, but indeed it was in favor of Iran so that The Romans were seeking an opportunity to reclaim the lost benefits in Rhandeia Treaty, and the chance was taken in the era of Traian, the power full Roman emperor. The result of this study reveals that the invasion of Traian in the early second century AD, was formed after the failure of Rome from Rhandeia Treaty. Although at first his campaign was successful and could capture Armenia and Mesopotamia, but following that, Parthian defeated Romans by their own way of war and escaped. Hence once again Parthian could gain their impact on this important area, although the tension between the two superpowers and Romans lasted to the end of this dynasty on capturing Armenia.

A reliable land cover (LC) map is essential for planners, as missing proper land cover maps may deviate a project. This study is focusing on land cover classification and prediction using three well known classifiers and remote sensing data. Maximum Likelihood classifier (MLC), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) algorithms are used as the representatives for parametric, non-parametric and subpixel capable methods for change detection and change prediction of Urmia City (Iran) and its suburbs. Landsat images of 2000, 2010, and 2020 have been used to provide land cover information. The results demonstrated 0.93–0.94 overall accuracies for MLC and SVMs’ algorithms, but it was around 0.79 for the SAM algorithm. The MLC performed slightly better than SVMs’ classifier. Cellular Automata Artificial neural network method was used to predict land cover changes. Overall accuracy of MLC was higher than others at about 0.94 accuracy, although, SVMs were slightly more accurate for large area segments. Land cover maps were predicted for 2030, which demonstrate the city’s expansion from 5500 ha in 2000 to more than 9000 ha in 2030.

In soccer, an attack begins with ball recovery. Therefore, the consistency of this performance indicator during a match and its balanced distribution in the field zones can be one of the distinct characteristics of successful soccer teams. This study aims to investigate the performance consistency of ball recovery during a match within several time periods (6 periods of 15 min) and zones (four zones). To this end, observational methodology and software Focus X2 were adopted to evaluate 28 matches of semi-final teams at FIFA 2014 including Germany, Argentina, Netherlands, and Brazil in terms of ball recovery frequency. In total, 3222 performances were recorded. All teams in each match and in whole competition had homogeneity of distribution of ball recovery during the time periods (χ2 3=1.597, p=0.66). The results of time-zone evaluation indicated that Netherlands and Brazil teams did not have performance consistency on all field zones (χ2 15=31.29, p=0.008 and χ2 15=37.53, p=0.001, respectively). Most ball recoveries were made in the defensive and middle-defensive zones in accordance with modern soccer. It was found that for a soccer team to be successful, it requires a space distribution of experienced players in the field, which leads to power balance for redesigning a team to be offensive in all zones.

One of the new clinical techniques to assess the lower body parameters is the wearable ultrasonic sensors. The device which can measure the static and dynamic balance abilities in sport and clinical setting by the traveled signals of ultrasonic transmitter and receiver between two feet was developed and validated. The new device consisted of a pressure gauge and a digital centimeter indicator and examined the tests in two balanced states of Stork and Y dynamic. First, 210 participants were selected based on convenience sampling. Then, using the new ultrasonic balance device, all samples took each test conducted by the Stork and Y dynamic tests for3 times. The results showed high reliability between the data of static and dynamic balances obtained from the ultrasonic device and through the methods of Stork and Y (the SEBT modified version) (r=0.90; r=0.92). The inter-rater reliabilities of the three-time conduction of the stork and Y dynamic tests were found to be very high (ICC=0.92; ICC=0.91). The ultrasonic balance device was both valid and reliable in measuring the Stork and Y dynamic balance tests. The new device could solve that defects associated with traditional stork and Y dynamic tests.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between game location (host advantage), match result (win, lose or tie) and the level of aggression in football teams of the Iranian Premier League. The study population consisted of Premier League Football teams (League XIII), and 60 matches (related to 4 teams) that were available for the researcher, were selected as the sample. The current study can be regarded as applied and descriptive, in terms of purpose and data collection, respectively. In order to collect data, the match videos of selected teams were studied, then the results of the observations were written and recorded using Roberts et al. (1999) aggression model. The results showed that no significant difference was found between teams' aggression in host and guest matches (p>0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed between aggression and match result and the behaviors were more in lost matches (p< 0.05). In fact, mental stress caused by the loss resulted to more aggression to win. Hence, a match result, physical aggression and players' position led to significant difference in players' aggression. Therefore, the control and management of aggressive behaviors, especially at the time of failure will result in improved performance and efficiency of football teams. Also, these behaviors can be minimized by providing necessary training on anger management and negative emotions control among players.

Production of several yeast products occur in presence of mixtures of monosaccharides. To study effect of xylose and glucose mixtures with system aeration and nitrogen source as the other two operative variables on xylitol production by Pichia guilliermondii, the present work was defined. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) strategy was used to athematically show interplay between these three controllable factors and the xylitol productivity response. In the first stage, model fitting was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the appropriate fraction of this design then was applied for the ANN training step (Levenberg Marquardt ‘LM’ algorithm). The best ANN model configuration with the three test input variables composed of six neurons in the hidden layer and tangent sigmoid (TANSIG) and linear transfer function (PURELIN) were used as the activation functions for the data processing from inputs to the hidden layer and from the constructed neurons to the output nodes. The network performance was evaluated by Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the regression coefficient of determination (R2). These values respectively, for the RSM model fitting were 2.327× 10-4 and 0.9817, and for the ANN training data were 2.29 × 10-8 and 0.9999. While MSE and R2 values for the other two steps of ANN were 4.56 × 10-3 and 0.9741 (validating step) and1.52× 10-3 and 0.9325 (testing step), respectively. Positive synergism of ANN with RSM was confirmed.

In this paper, we prove the generalized nonlinear stability of the first and second of the following ρ -functional equations, G ( | a | Δ A * | b | ) Δ B * G ( | a | Δ A * * | b | ) − G ( | a | ) Δ B * * G ( | b | ) = ρ ( 2 G | a | Δ A * | b | 2 Δ B * G | a | Δ A * * | b | 2 − G ( | a | ) Δ B * * G ( | b | ) ) , and 2 G | a | Δ A * | b | 2 Δ B * G | a | Δ A * * | b | 2 − G ( | a | ) Δ B * * G ( | b | ) = ρ G ( | a | Δ A * | b | ) Δ B * G ( | a | Δ A * * | b | ) − G ( | a | ) Δ B * * G ( | b | ) in latticetic random Banach lattice spaces, where ρ is a fixed real or complex number with ρ ≠ 1 .

In this paper, we propose an iterative spectral method for solving differential equations with initial values on large intervals. In the proposed method, we first extend the Legendre wavelet suitable for large intervals, and then the Legendre-Guass collocation points of the Legendre wavelet are derived. Using this strategy, the iterative spectral method converts the differential equation to a set of algebraic equations. Solving these algebraic equations yields an approximate solution for the differential equation. The proposed method is illustrated by some numerical examples, and the result is compared with the exponentially fitted Runge-Kutta method. Our proposed method is simple and highly accurate.

We propose a numerical method for solving nonlinear initial-value problems of Lane-Emden type. The method is based upon nonclassical Gauss-Radau collocation points, and weighted interpolation. Nonclassical orthogonal polynomials, nonclassical Radau points and weighted interpolation are introduced on arbitrary intervals. Then they are utilized to reduce the computation of nonlinear initial-value problems to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. We also present the comparison of this work with some well-known results and show that the present solution is very accurate.

We study the numerical solutions to semi-infinite-domain two-point boundary value problems and initial value problems. A smooth, strictly monotonic transformation is used to map the semi-infinite domain 𝑥∈[0,∞) onto a half-open interval 𝑡∈[−1,1). The resulting finite-domain two-point boundary value problem is transcribed to a system of algebraic equations using Chebyshev-Gauss (CG) collocation, while the resulting initial value problem over a finite domain is transcribed to a system of algebraic equations using Chebyshev-Gauss-Radau (CGR) collocation. In numerical experiments, the tuning of the map 𝜙∶[−1,+1)→[0,+∞) and its effects on the quality of the discrete approximation are analyzed.

An adaptive pseudospectral method is presented for solving a class of multiterm fractional boundary value problems (FBVP) which involve Caputo-type fractional derivatives. The multiterm FBVP is first converted into a singular Volterra integrodifferential equation (SVIDE). By dividing the interval of the problem to subintervals, the unknown function is approximated using a piecewise interpolation polynomial with unknown coefficients which is based on shifted Legendre-Gauss (ShLG) collocation points. Then the problem is reduced to a system of algebraic equations, thus greatly simplifying the problem. Further, some additional conditions are considered to maintain the continuity of the approximate solution and its derivatives at the interface of subintervals. In order to convert the singular integrals of SVIDE into nonsingular ones, integration by parts is utilized. In the method developed in this paper, the accuracy can be improved either by increasing the number of subintervals or by increasing the degree of the polynomial on each subinterval. Using several examples including Bagley-Torvik equation the proposed method is shown to be efficient and accurate.

Rational Chebyshev bases and Galerkin method are used to obtain the approximate solution of a system of high-order integro-differential equations on the interval [0,∞). This method is based on replacement of the unknown functions by their truncated series of rational Chebyshev expansion. Test examples are considered to show the high accuracy, simplicity, and efficiency of this method.